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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid crystal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

O'Rourke, Mary Jane E., and Edwin L. Thomas. "Morphology and Dynamic Interaction of Defects in Polymer Liquid Crystals." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 9 (1995): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034904.

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The liquid crystal phase is an anisotropic mesophase, intermediate in order between the liquid and crystal phases. Liquid crystals have less translational order than crystals and more rotational order than isotropic liquids. The liquid crystal phase does not support finite shear stresses and thus behaves like a fluid. Molecules that display a liquid crystal phase are referred to as mesogenic. Mesogenic molecules exhibit shape anisotropy: either large length to diameter ratio (needlelike) or large diameter to thickness ratio (disklike). Because of their shape anisotropy, all liquid crystals dis

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2

Wan Omar, Wan Ibtisam, and Chin Fhong Soon. "Critical Surface Tension of Cholesteryl Ester Liquid Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.43.

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Cholesteryl ester liquid crystal was found to be non-toxic and it was recently applied as a cell traction force sensor. The reason for the affinity of the cells to this liquid crystal is unclear and required further investigation. This paper focused on determining the surface energy of the liquid crystals. A custom built contact angle measurement system and Fox-Zisman theory was applied to determine the critical surface tension of the cholesteryl ester liquid crystal. Eight different polar probe liquids were selected to determine the contact angle of the glass slides coated with cholesteryl es

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3

V., Viswanatha, Rajaramb C., R. Fathimac S., and Bhanu priyad D. "Brief Review of Liquid Crystals." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 956–61. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18770.

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Liquid crystal LC is the substances that flow like liquids but maintain some of the ordered structure characteristics of liquid crystals. Examined and summarized the types of liquid crystals. Analyzed the structural characteristic of smectic, nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals. It is noted that cholesteric liquid crystals are helically twisted structure and the pitch of the helix which is temperature dependent and individual chemical properties of liquid crystalline compounds of cholesterol. Results on the influence of temperature on rheological properties of cholesteric liquid crystal ar

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4

Czajkowski, Maciej, Joanna Feder-Kubis, Bartłomiej Potaniec, Łukasz Duda, and Joanna Cybińska. "On the Miscibility of Nematic Liquid Crystals with Ionic Liquids and Joint Reaction for High Helical Twisting Power Product(s)." Materials 15, no. 1 (2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010157.

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Mixtures of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) with chiral ionic liquids (CILs) may find application as active materials for electrically driven broadband mirrors. Five nematic liquid crystal hosts were mixed with twenty three ionic liquids, including chiral ones, and studied in terms of their miscibility within the nematic phase. Phase diagrams of the mixtures with CILs which exhibited twisted nematic phase were determined. Miscibility, at levels between 2 and 5 wt%, was found in six mixtures with cyanobiphenyl-based liquid crystal host—E7. On the other hand, the highest changes in the isotropizat

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5

Joshi, Pankaj, Oliver Willekens, Xiaobing Shang, et al. "Tunable light beam steering device using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.704.

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A polarization independent and fast electrically switchable beam steering device is presented, based on a surface relief grating combined with polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals. Switching on and off times are both less than 2 milliseconds. The prospects of further improvements are discussed. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.C. Wright, et al., "Crystalline liquids: the blue phases", Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 385 (1989). CrossRef H. Kikuchi, et al., "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases", Nat. Mater. 1, 64 (2002). CrossRef Samsung, Korea, SID exhibition, (2008).J. Yan, et al., "Direct m

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6

Ramou, Efthymia, Guilherme Rebordão, Susana I. C. J. Palma, and Ana C. A. Roque. "Stable and Oriented Liquid Crystal Droplets Stabilized by Imidazolium Ionic Liquids." Molecules 26, no. 19 (2021): 6044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196044.

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Liquid crystals represent a fascinating intermediate state of matter, with dynamic yet organized molecular features and untapped opportunities in sensing. Several works report the use of liquid crystal droplets formed by microfluidics and stabilized by surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In this work, we explore, for the first time, the potential of surface-active ionic liquids of the imidazolium family as surfactants to generate in high yield, stable and oriented liquid crystal droplets. Our results show that [C12MIM][Cl], in particular, yields stable, uniform and monodisperse d

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7

Liu, Li Hua, Ying Bai, Fu Min Wang, and Ning Liu. "Fabrication and Characterizes of TiO₂ Nanomaterials Templated by Lyotropic Liquid Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.532.

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TiO2 nanomaterials were synthesized in lyotropic liquid crystal formed by nonionic surfactant TritonX-100 and TiOSO4 aqueous solution with NH3•H2O as precipitator. The lyotropic liquid crystals were characterized by means of POM and Low-angle XRD. FT-IR, TGA, XRD, TEM were used to characterize the TiO2 samples. It was found that all the lytropic liquid crystal were in lamellar liquid crysal phase and after casting the micro-structure of the LLC phase, the TiO2 samples were self-assemble to form lamellar, sphere and rod structures. According to the characterization results, possible formation m

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8

Guardià, Jordi, José Antonio Reina, Marta Giamberini, and Xavier Montané. "An Up-to-Date Overview of Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystal Polymers for Different Applications: A Review." Polymers 16, no. 16 (2024): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16162293.

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Liquid crystals have been extensively used in various applications, such as optoelectronic devices, biomedical applications, sensors and biosensors, and packaging, among others. Liquid crystal polymers are one type of liquid crystal material, combining their intrinsic properties with polymeric flexibility for advanced applications in displays and smart materials. For instance, liquid crystal polymers can serve as drug nanocarriers, forming cubic or hexagonal mesophases, which can be tailored for controlled drug release. Further applications of liquid crystals and liquid crystal polymers includ

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9

Kajkowska, Marta, Miłosz Chychłowski, and Piotr Lesiak. "Influence of photopolymerization on propagation properties of photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with liquid crystal mixture." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 3 (2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i3.1166.

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In this paper we analyze the influence of the photopolymerization process on propagation properties of photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with liquid crystal doped with a mixture of reactive monomer and photoinitiator. The obtained results showed changes in photonic band gap of the fiber due to refractive index change of the liquid crystal mixture caused by the polymerization process. Moreover, the research demonstrated the possibility of preserving the desired molecular orientation of liquid crystal initially stabilized by placing the sample in the external electric field. This was achieved b

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10

Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, et al. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.

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Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber

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11

MĂNĂILĂ-MAXIMEAN, Doina, and Viorel CÎRCU. "ON LIQUID CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPERSIONS." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Physics and Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2022): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarsciphyschem.2022.1.88.

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This short review paper presents some important aspects ofliquid crystal and liquid crystal composites. Preparation methods ofpolymer dispersed liquid crystalfdms (PDLC), the obtained structure and their main application as light valve are shown. In the last decade, the field has experienced a sharp revitalization, due to nanodoping, which results in an improvement in workperformance

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12

Korec, Joanna, Karol Antoni Stasiewicz, and Leszek Roman Jaroszewicz. "Temperature effect on the light propagation in a tapered optical fiber with a twisted nematic liquid crystal cladding." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.881.

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This paper presents the influence of temperature on optical power spectrum propagated in a tapered optical fiber with twisted nematic liquid crystal cladding (TOF-TNLCC) modulated by an electric field. The measurements were performed for a liquid crystal cell with the twisted orientation of ITO layers, filled with E7 mixture. The induced reorientation of liquid crystal (LC) n-director was measured for visible and near-infrared wavelength range [550-1100 nm] at the electric field range of 0–160 V and temperature range of 20-60 °C. The relation between temperature and the optical power spectrum

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13

Cai, Chang Long, Ya Zhang, Xiao Ling Niu, and Wei Guo Liu. "Research on Non-Electric Readout Infrared Thermal Imaging Detection Technology Based on the Liquid Crystal." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.293.

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Liquid crystal, as a condensed matter, is a phase state between crystal and isotropic liquid. On the one hand, it has mobility and continuity as a liquid, and on the other hand, it has arranging ordering as a crystal, then it has many unique properties. Because the factors, such as heat, electric field, magnetic field, pressure, and so on, will easily influence the arranging of liquid crystal molecular, so once it is excited externally, its optical properties will be changed. At present, most research on the theory and application of liquid crystal mainly focus on the display. Thermo-optic eff

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14

Soon, Chin Fhong, Zai Peng Goh, Lee Chin Ku, Ten Ten Lee, and Kian Sek Tee. "A Squeegee Coating Apparatus for Producing a Liquid Crystal Based Bio-Transducer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.759.

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Cholesteryl ester liquid crystals were discovered with a new application in sensing traction forces of single cells. The liquid crystal bio-transducer is produced by manual scraping of liquid crystals onto the petri dish, in which the technique is highly subjective to the skill of the user to produce homogeneously spread liquid crystal substrates. This paper describes the development of an apparatus used to produce a liquid crystal substrate using squeegee coating technique. It consists of a biaxial mechatronic system which is synchronously controlled in vertical and horizontal directions scra

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15

Caldera Villalobos, Martín, Jesús García Serrano, and Ana María Herrera González. "Synthesis, Characterization and Mesomorphic Properties of N,N'-(1,4-Phenylene(methanylylidene))bis(4-(hexyloxy)aniline)." Advanced Materials Research 976 (June 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.976.75.

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Liquid crystals (LCs) are compounds that have properties between isotropic liquids and solid crystal materials. Although there is not a parameter to predict this behavior, the liquid crystals reported until now have common characteristics, for example rigid groups such as columns or rods within its structures, and long hydrocarbon chains that give flexibility. In this work we report the synthesis and characterization of LCN,N'-(1,4-phenylene bis (methanylylidene)) bis (4-(hexyloxy) aniline). The compound was characterized by infrared (IR), raman and1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectr

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16

Belyakov, Vladimir A. "Optical Kossel Lines and Fluorescence in Photonic Liquid Crystals." Crystals 10, no. 6 (2020): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060541.

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We propose a general analytical way to describe the fluorescence peculiarities in photonic liquid crystals (revealing themselves as an optical analog of the X-ray Kossel lines in conventional crystals) based at the localized optical edge modes existing in perfect photonic liquid crystal layers. The proposed approach allows us to predict theoretically the properties of optical Kossel lines in photonic liquid crystal (fluorescence polarization, spectral and angular fluorescence distribution, influence of the light absorption in liquid crystal, and, in particular, existing the optical Borrmann ef

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17

Wang, Xu, and Yongmin Zhou. "Research on Single Crystal Preparation via Dynamic Liquid Phase Method." Crystals 13, no. 7 (2023): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13071150.

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Traditional liquid phase methods for growing single crystals are static growth methods, which include seed crystal sedimentation growth and seed crystal clamping growth using seed crystal holders. Single crystals grown via seed crystal sedimentation often have a flat and elongated shape, and the region in contact with the bottom of the container is restricted during growth, resulting in significant defects. Similarly, the seed crystal clamping growth method cannot avoid contact with external objects, leading to abnormal growth at the contact points and along the direction of the seed crystal h

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18

Poudereux, David, Manuel Cano-García, Domenico Alj, et al. "Recording Policryps structures in photonic crystal fibers." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.700.

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Policryps structures of photo-curable adhesive NOA61 and nematic liquid crystal mixture E7 have been created inside selected microchannels of photonic crystal fibers (PCF). The PCF was selectively infiltrated with the photopolymer-liquid crystal mixture for the writing of a holographic tunable grating inside specific holes of the photonic fiber. A 2um pitch grating was successfully recorded in the PCF inner holes with and without collapsing the fiber cladding. The liquid crystal is properly aligned in both cases. Full Text: PDF ReferencesQ. Liu, et al., "Tunable Fiber Polarization Filter by Fi

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19

Denisova, Olga. "Measuring system for liquid level determination based on linear electro-optical effect of liquid crystal." MATEC Web of Conferences 226 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822602005.

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This article describes an updated system for measuring and controlling the level of liquid media. Well-known capacitance method for determining the liquid level is modernised. The new scheme proposes the use of electro-optical cell with a nematic liquid crystal. Homeotropically oriented liquid crystal is sandwiched between two plates, one of which is glass, and the other – crystal – cadmium sulfide CdS photoconductor. liquid crystal cell serves as an indicator. Its light transmittance depends on the applied voltage. Cell is designed so that the dependence of the phase delay of the voltage is l

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20

Garbovskiy, Yuriy. "Evaluating the Concentration of Ions in Liquid Crystal Cells: Hidden Factors and Useful Techniques." Proceedings 62, no. 1 (2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020062010.

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Many liquid crystal devices are driven by electric fields. Ions, typically present in molecular liquid crystal materials in minute quantities, can compromise the performance of mesogenic materials (in the simplest case, through a well-known screening effect). Even highly purified liquid crystals can be contaminated with ions during their production and handling. Therefore, measurements of the concentration of ions have become an important part of the material characterization of liquid crystals. Interestingly, even a brief analysis of existing publications can reveal a quite broad variability

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21

Knepp, T. N., T. L. Renkens, and P. B. Shepson. "Measurement of acidic ions and their qualitative effects on snow crystal morphology and the quasi-liquid layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (2009): 735–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-735-2009.

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Abstract. A chamber was constructed within which snow crystals were grown on a string at various temperatures, relative humidities, and acetic acid gas phase mole fraction. The temperature, relative humidity, and acid mole fraction were measured for the first time at the point of crystal growth. Snow crystal morphological transition temperature shifts were recorded as a function of acid mole fraction, and interpreted according to the calculated acid concentration in the crystal's quasi-liquid layer, which increased in thickness as a function of acid mole fraction, thereby affecting the crystal

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22

Różański, Stanisław Andrzej. "Liquid crystal displays in the vehicle transportation and aviation." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (2018): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.158.

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The article presents the basic properties of liquid crystals with particular emphasis on their use in the construction of liquid crystal displays. The basic properties of liquid crystal displays, their structure and principle of operation are discussed. The selected examples show the benefits of using liquid crystal displays in vehicle transportation and aviation.

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23

Wang, Ziyihui, Tianhua Xu, Adam Noel, Yu-Cheng Chen, and Tiegen Liu. "Applications of liquid crystals in biosensing." Soft Matter 17, no. 18 (2021): 4675–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm02088e.

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Recent investigations on the design and application of liquid crystal-based biosensors have been reviewed, according to the phenomenon that orientations of liquid crystals can be directly influenced by interactions between biomolecules and liquid crystal molecules. With the ability to detect external stimuli with high sensitivity, liquid crystal biosensors can help realize a new biosensing era.

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24

Hasegawa, Ray, Masanori Sakamoto, and Hideyuki Sasaki. "Dynamic Analysis of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal by Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 9 (1993): 1386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067441.

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The dynamic behavior of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) under an electric field has been studied by static and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The PDLC sample was prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation of a mixture of nematic liquid crystal E7 and acrylate. 2D IR correlation analysis indicates that the rigid core of the liquid crystal molecules reorients as a unit, and suggests that the polymer side chain existing in the interface between the polymer and the liquid crystals may reorient in phase with the liquid crystal reorientation by interaction with the liquid

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25

Garbovskiy, Yuriy. "Ion-Generating and Ion-Capturing Nanomaterials in Liquid Crystals." Proceedings 2, no. 14 (2018): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecc_2018-05257.

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The majority of tunable liquid crystal devices are driven by electric fields. The performance of such devices can be altered by the presence of small amounts of ions in liquid crystals. Therefore, the understanding of possible sources of ions in liquid crystal materials is very critical to a broad range of existing and future applications employing liquid crystals. Recently, nanomaterials in liquid crystals have emerged as a hot research topic, promising for its implementation in the design of wearable and tunable liquid crystal devices. An analysis of published results revealed that nanodopan

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26

Chychłowski, Miłosz, and Tomasz Woliński. "Frequency dependence of electric field tunability in a photonic liquid crystal fiber based on gold nanoparticles-doped 6CHBT nematic liquid crystal." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 4 (2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i4.1070.

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In this paper, we investigate an external electric field frequency influence on a photonic liquid crystal fiber (PLCF) based on a gold nanoparticles (NPs)-doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) and its response to the external electric field. We used a 6CHBT nematic LC doped with 2-nm gold NPs in a weight concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. M. Atkin, "All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding," Opt. Lett. 21, 1547-1549 (1996) CrossRef J. C. Knight,T. A. Birks, P. S. J.Russell, , and J. P

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27

Lansac, Y., and A. ten Bosch. "Nucleation in liquid crystals and liquid crystal polymers." Journal of Chemical Physics 94, no. 3 (1991): 2168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459888.

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28

Li, Yu-Hao, Min Cui, Yi Gong, Tian-Yi Xu, and Fei Tong. "Size Reduction to Enhance Crystal-to-Liquid Phase Transition Induced by E-to-Z Photoisomerization Based on Molecular Crystals of Phenylbutadiene Ester." Materials 17, no. 15 (2024): 3664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17153664.

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Harnessing the photoinduced phase transitions in organic crystals, especially the changes in shape and structure across various dimensions, offers a fascinating avenue for exact spatiotemporal control, which is crucial for developing future smart devices. In our study, we report a new photoactive molecular crystal made from (E)-2-(3-phenyl-allylidene)malonate ((E)-PADM). When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light at 365 nm, this compound experiences an E-to-Z photoisomerization in liquid solution and a crystal-to-liquid phase transition in solid crystals. Remarkably, nanoscopic crystalline rods bo

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29

Knepp, T. N., T. L. Renkens, and P. B. Shepson. "Gas phase acetic acid and its qualitative effects on snow crystal morphology and the quasi-liquid layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 20 (2009): 7679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7679-2009.

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Abstract. A chamber was constructed within which snow crystals were grown on a string at various temperatures, relative humidities, and acetic acid gas phase mole fractions. The temperature, relative humidity, and acid mole fraction were measured for the first time at the point of crystal growth. Snow crystal morphological transition temperature shifts were recorded as a function of acid mole fraction, and interpreted according to the calculated acid concentration in the crystal's quasi-liquid layer, which is believed to have increased in thickness as a function of acid mole fraction, thereby

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30

KACZMAREK, MALGOSIA, and ANDRIY DYADYUSHA. "STRUCTURED, PHOTOSENSITIVE PVK AND PVCN POLYMER LAYERS FOR CONTROL OF LIQUID CRYSTAL ALIGNMENT." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 12, no. 04 (2003): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021886350300164x.

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We present characteristics of liquid crystal reorientation in cells with alignment layers made of different poly(vinyl)-type polymers. Mechanically-rubbed poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK) produces planar alignment of liquid crystals with easy axis orthogonal to the rubbing direction and zero pretilt angle. Doping PVK with C 60 makes this liquid crystal–polymer system extremely photosensitive for visible wavelengths. Illumination with a Gaussian beam reveals a complex structure of patterns of reoriented liquid crystal molecules. Using poly(vinyl-cinnamate) (PVCN), exposed to UV light, a periodic a

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Budaszewski, Daniel, and Tomasz R. Woliński. "Light propagation in a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with mesogenic azobenzene dyes." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 2 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i2.730.

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In this paper, light propagation in an isotropic photonic crystal fiber as well in a silica-glass microcapillary infiltrated with a mesogenic azobenzene dye has been investigated. It appeared that light spectrum guided inside the photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with the investigated azobenzene dye depends on the illuminating wavelength of the absorption band and on linear polarization. Also, alignment of the mesogenic azobenzene dye molecules inside silica glass microcapillaries and photonic crystal fibers has been investigated. Results obtained may lead to a new design of optically tunable

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32

Li, Shi, Jihe Zhao, Xiao Wang, et al. "Preparation of polyethylene oxide single crystals via liquid gating technology and morphology design strategy." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 77, no. 5 (2021): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520621008076.

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A novel type of liquid gating technology has been developed to prepare a polyethylene oxide (PEO) single-crystal film, and the crystal growth was observed via atomic force microscopy. The self-seeding method has been widely used in the preparation of polymer single crystals, but the mechanism through which single polymer crystals are formed via the combination of liquid gating technology and the self-seeding method remains unclear. To elucidate the mechanism of this process, a series of experiments were conducted in which a dilute polymer solution was sprayed onto a mica substrate to form a si

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33

Buchert, Karen L., Jack L. Koenig, Shi-Qing Wang, and John L. West. "Molecular Motion Analysis of E7 in PDLCs as a Function of Droplet Size Using Solid-State 13C NMR Relaxation Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 7 (1993): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934415219.

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13C NMR relaxation spectroscopy as applied to polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) provides a method for measuring the molecular motions of the liquid crystal molecules within droplets dispersed throughout the material's polymer matrix. Because liquid crystal molecular motion may play a major role in the switching phenomenon of PDLC materials from an opaque film to a clear film, both T1 and T1ρ relaxation experiments are used to measure molecular mobility of the liquid crystal as a function of droplet size for PDLC materials made of E7 and epoxy. The segmental molecular motions measured b

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34

Garbovskiy, Yuriy, and Anatoliy Glushchenko. "Frequency-dependent electro-optics of liquid crystal devices utilizing nematics and weakly conducting polymers." Advanced Optical Technologies 7, no. 4 (2018): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2018-0026.

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Abstract Conducting polymer films acting as both electrodes and alignment layers are very promising for the development of flexible and wearable tunable liquid crystal devices. The majority of existing publications report on the electro-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals and twisted nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between highly conducting polymers. In contrary, in this paper, electro-optics of nematic liquid crystals placed between rubbed weakly conducting polymers is studied. The combination of weakly conducting polymers and nematics enables a frequency-dependent tuni

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Avilés, María-Dolores, Ramón Pamies, José Sanes, Francisco-José Carrión, and María-Dolores Bermúdez. "Fatty Acid-Derived Ionic Liquid Lubricant. Protic Ionic Liquid Crystals as Protic Ionic Liquid Additives." Coatings 9, no. 11 (2019): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110710.

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Fatty acids are natural products which have been studied as green lubricants. Ionic liquids are considered efficient friction reducing and wear preventing lubricants and lubricant additives. Fatty acid-derived ionic liquids have shown potential as neat lubricant and additives. Protic ionic liquid crystals (PILCs) are protic ionic liquids (PILs) where cations and anions form ordered mesophases that show liquid crystalline behavior. The adsorption of carboxylate units on sliding surfaces can enhance the lubricant performance. Ionic liquid crystal lubricants with longer alkyl chains can separate

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36

Akamatsu, N., K. Hisano, R. Tatsumi, M. Aizawa, C. J. Barrett, and A. Shishido. "Thermo-, photo-, and mechano-responsive liquid crystal networks enable tunable photonic crystals." Soft Matter 13, no. 41 (2017): 7486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01287j.

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M. Abdulhameed, Zahraa, and Nasreen R. Jber. "Chemistry of Triazene-Liquid Crystals: A Review." Al-Nahrain Journal of Science 28, no. 1 (2025): 56–71. https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.28.1.07.

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This review focuses on star-shaped liquid crystals that possess a highly organized and elongated molecular design, which enables them to exhibit favorable ferroelectric and ionic conductivity functions due to the electron delocalization resulting from π-π stacking conjugation and the electrostatic attraction of ions. The motivation for creating an ionic liquid crystal with a nematic phase is due to its potential engineering uses. The nematic phase is recognized for having the highest fluidity among all liquid crystalline phases. This makes it possible to position the nematic phase by applying

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Palffy-Muhoray, Peter, Wenyi Cao, Michele Moreira, Bahman Taheri, and Antonio Munoz. "Photonics and lasing in liquid crystal materials." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1847 (2006): 2747–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1851.

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Owing to fundamental reasons of symmetry, liquid crystals are soft materials. This softness allows long length-scales, large susceptibilities and the existence of modulated phases, which respond readily to external fields. Liquid crystals with such phases are tunable, self-assembled, photonic band gap materials; they offer exciting opportunities both in basic science and in technology. Since the density of photon states is suppressed in the stop band and is enhanced at the band edges, these materials may be used as switchable filters or as mirrorless lasers. Disordered periodic liquid crystal

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McCrone, Walter C. "Isolation of Single Crystals from Liquid Drops." Microscopy Today 2, no. 3 (1994): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065433.

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Microscopists often recrystallize or precipitate compounds for purposes of identification. Almost as often, a few crystals form that are irresistibly beautiful and demand isolating for single-crystal x-ray diffraction, spindle stage, polarized IR absorption, or remounting in a crystal-rolling medium like Aroclor® 1260.The isolation of one such crystal among hundreds from the center of a drop is not as difficult as it sounds. It is done at 50-100X under a stereomicroscope using a fine, usually a tungsten, needle. The needle may (rarely) need to be surface-treated by rubbing with a water-insolub

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Jing, Tammy. "Alkynyl-Containing Discotic Liquid Crystal Molecules." Science Insights 41, no. 3 (2022): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.22.re075.

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Under specific circumstances, organized columnar phases can be formed from the planar discoid shapes of the molecules that make up discotic liquid crystals. These materials offer unusual features because of their distinct columnar phase structure. They are utilized in organic semiconductors, liquid crystal magnetic materials, and photoelectric conversion. It has numerous applications, so researchers are paying more and more attention to it. In this paper, the effects of alkynyl groups on the properties of discotic liquid crystals at various positions are emphatically discussed. The main focus

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Chigrinov, V. G. "Photoalignment and photopatterning: New liquid crystal technology for displays and photonics." Fine Chemical Technologies 15, no. 2 (2020): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2020-15-2-7-20.

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Objectives. Since the end of the 20th century, liquid crystals have taken a leading position as a working material for the display industry. In particular, this is due to the advances in the control of surface orientation in thin layers of liquid crystals, which is necessary for setting the initial orientation of the layer structure in the absence of an electric field. The operation of most liquid crystal displays is based on electro-optical effects, arising from the changes in the initial orientation of the layers when the electric field is turned on, and the relaxation of the orientation str

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Schadt, Martin. "LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS." Annual Review of Materials Science 27, no. 1 (1997): 305–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.27.1.305.

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Yadav, Satya Prakash, Kamal Kumar Pandey, Abhishek Kumar Misra, Sudhaker Dixit, and Rajiv Manohar. "Molecular dynamics in weakly polar nematic liquid crystal doped with dye." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 6 (2011): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p11-035.

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Our intention in the present work is to find out the role of dye in the molecular orientation of the weakly polar nematic liquid crystal D6AOB. The doping of a dye introduces a disturbance in the molecular arrangement of the nematic liquid crystal molecules. However, this disturbance is found to be sensitive to the concentration of the dye dispersed in the nematic liquid crystal. It is found that orientation in the dyed nematic liquid crystal is less ordered than the orientation in the pure nematic liquid crystals. This behavior has been explained on the basis of intermolecular interaction, i.

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Peteinaris, A., O. Haftka, and Alexandros Terzis. "An alternative post-processing of transient liquid crystal experiments using the wall temperature gradient time response." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2511, no. 1 (2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2511/1/012027.

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Abstract An alternative method for the fast evaluation of transient liquid crystal experiments is presented in this study. The calibration of liquid crystals has been considered essential to obtain accurate heat transfer measurements. Nevertheless, liquid crystal aging, illumination, and ex situ calibration effects remain a difficult and might influence the heat transfer level. Proposed here is to bypass liquid crystal calibration by utilizing the evolution of the wall temperature gradients. This necessitates the use of the detection times of the maximum red and green intensities of narrow ban

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Nagaraj, Mamatha. "Liquid Crystals Templating." Crystals 10, no. 8 (2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10080648.

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Liquid crystal templating is a versatile technique to create novel organic and inorganic materials with nanoscale features. It exploits the self-assembled architectures of liquid crystal phases as scaffolds. This article focuses on some of the key developments in lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals templating. The procedures that were employed to create templated structures and the applications of these novel materials in various fields including mesoporous membranes, organic electronics, the synthesis of nanostructured materials and photonics, are described.

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Yaghmaee, Pouria, Onur Hamza Karabey, Bevan Bates, Christophe Fumeaux, and Rolf Jakoby. "Electrically Tuned Microwave Devices Using Liquid Crystal Technology." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/824214.

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An overview of liquid crystal technology for microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies is presented. The potential of liquid crystals as reconfigurable materials arises from their ability for continuous tuning with low power consumption, transparency, and possible integration with printed and flexible circuit technologies. This paper describes physical theory and fundamental electrical properties arising from the anisotropy of liquid crystals and overviews selected realized liquid crystal devices, throughout four main categories: resonators and filters, phase shifters and delay lines, antennas

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Razali, Nurul Asma, and Zuhair Jamain. "Liquid Crystals Investigation Behavior on Azo-Based Compounds: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 20 (2021): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13203462.

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Liquid crystal is an intermediate phase between the crystalline solid and an isotropic liquid, a very common substance in our daily lives. Two major classes of liquid crystal are lyotropic, where a liquid crystal is dissolved in a specific solvent under a particular concentration and thermotropic, which can be observed under temperature difference. This review aims to understand how a structure of a certain azo compound might influence the liquid crystal properties. A few factors influence the formation of different liquid crystals: the length of the alkyl terminal chain, inter/intra-molecular

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Gakhar, Lokesh, and John M. Wiencek. "A possible additional role of mineral oil in successful flash cooling." Journal of Applied Crystallography 38, no. 6 (2005): 945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889805028049.

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Traditional explanations for the efficacy of mineral oil in successful flash cooling of a protein crystal correctly point to the removal of excess liquid around the crystal to prevent external ice formation. Based on the physics of the well known Leidenfrost phenomenon, an additional role that mineral oil possibly plays in aiding vitrification is suggested: that of improving cooling rates for a protein crystal plunged into liquid nitrogen. The full potential of liquid heat transfer when using liquid nitrogen is not realized in conventional cooling techniques due to film boiling that occurs aro

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Melnyk, Olha, Yuriy Garbovskiy, Dario Bueno-Baques, and Anatoliy Glushchenko. "Electro-Optical Switching of Dual-Frequency Nematic Liquid Crystals: Regimes of Thin and Thick Cells." Crystals 9, no. 6 (2019): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060314.

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Conventional display applications of liquid crystals utilize thin layers of mesogenic materials, typically less than 10 µm. However, emerging non-display applications will require thicker, i.e., greater than 100 µm, layers of liquid crystals. Although electro-optical performance of relatively thin liquid crystal cells is well-documented, little is known about the properties of thicker liquid crystal layers. In this paper, the electro-optical response of dual-frequency nematic liquid crystals is studied using a broad range (2–200 µm) of the cell thickness. Two regimes of electro-optical switchi

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Atkin, R. J., and T. J. Sluckin. "Frank Matthews Leslie. 8 March 1935 – 15 June 2000." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 49 (January 2003): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2003.0018.

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Frank Leslie was a distinguished applied mathematician, who was above all foremost in creating the modern continuum theory of nematic liquid crystals in the late 1960s. This theory is now known as the Ericksen-Leslie theory, and the crucial elements in it as Leslie coefficients. After developing the hydrodynamic theory of nematic liquid crystals, he went on to perform a similar task in the 1990s for smectic liquid crystals. He also actively collaborated with experimentalists and engineers involved in liquid crystal applications, and his work has been extremely influential in the development of

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