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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid crystalline solvents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Wilson, Mark R., Jaroslav M. Ilnytskyi, and Lorna M. Stimson. "Computer simulations of a liquid crystalline dendrimer in liquid crystalline solvents." Journal of Chemical Physics 119, no. 6 (2003): 3509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1588292.

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2

Idrus-Saidi, Shuhada A., Jianbo Tang, Stephanie Lambie, et al. "Liquid metal synthesis solvents for metallic crystals." Science 378, no. 6624 (2022): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm2731.

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In nature, snowflake ice crystals arrange themselves into diverse symmetrical six-sided structures. We show an analogy of this when zinc (Zn) dissolves and crystallizes in liquid gallium (Ga). The low-melting-temperature Ga is used as a “metallic solvent” to synthesize a range of flake-like Zn crystals. We extract these metallic crystals from the liquid metal solvent by reducing its surface tension using a combination of electrocapillary modulation and vacuum filtration. The liquid metal–grown crystals feature high morphological diversity and persistent symmetry. The concept is expanded to oth

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3

Leigh, William J., and Stephanus Jakobs. "Organic reactions in liquid crystalline solvents. 5." Tetrahedron 43, no. 7 (1987): 1393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90258-3.

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4

Leigh, William J., Debbie T. Frendo, and Paul J. Klawunn. "Organic reactions in liquid crystalline solvents. 1. The thermal cis–trans isomerization of a bulky olefin in cholesteric liquid crystalline solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 8 (1985): 2131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-351.

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The effect of cholesteric liquid crystalline solvents on the energetics of rotational thermal cis–trans isomerization of olefins has been examined. Rate constants have been obtained over a 70-degree temperature range for isomerization of trans-1,2-di-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,2-diphenylethylene in two isotropic solvents and three cholesteric liquid crystals and the Arrhenius parameters determined. The rates of isomerization are found to be consistently slower in the liquid crystalline phases compared to the isotropic solvents. The Arrhenius parameters for isomerization of the olefin in the isotropic s

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5

Leigh, William J., and D. Scott Mitchell. "Organic reactions in liquid-crystalline solvents. Regiochemical control of bimolecular pericyclic reactions by cholesteric and smectic liquid-crystalline solvents." Journal of the American Chemical Society 114, no. 13 (1992): 5005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a009.

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6

Leigh, William J. "Organic reactions in liquid crystalline solvents. 2. An investigation into the use of liquid crystalline solvents to effect stereochemical control in the Diels–Alder reaction." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 10 (1985): 2736–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-455.

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The possibility of using liquid crystalline solvents to control the stereospecificity of bimolecular reactions as a result of differences in liquid crystalline solvation of the various possible transition states has been examined. The Diels–Alder reactions of 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone with four dienophiles of varying steric size (cyclopentene, cycloheptene, indene, and acenaphthylene) have been carried out in benzene, cholesteryl nonanoate (isotropic), cholesteryl propionate (cholesteric), and 4-ethyl-4′-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)biphenyl (smectic) at 105 °C. In spite of very large

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7

Carri, Gustavo A., and M. Muthukumar. "Configurations of liquid crystalline polymers in nematic solvents." Journal of Chemical Physics 109, no. 24 (1998): 11117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477750.

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8

Chambers, Martin, Rafael Verduzco, James T. Gleeson, Samuel Sprunt, and Antal Jákli. "Calamitic Liquid-Crystalline Elastomers Swollen in Bent-Core Liquid-Crystal Solvents." Advanced Materials 21, no. 16 (2009): 1622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200802739.

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9

Khokarale, Santosh Govind, Piotr Jablonski, Dariush Nikjoo, et al. "Poly (Vinylidene Difluoride) Polymer in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate and Acetic Acid Containing Solvents: Tunable and Recoverable Solvent Media to Induce Crystalline Phase Transition and Porosity." Sustainable Chemistry 3, no. 4 (2022): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem3040028.

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In this report, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [EMIM][AcO] ionic liquid (IL) and acetic acid (AA) comprised solvents were used for the thermal treatment of poly (vinylidene difluoride), PVDF. Here, besides the various combinations of IL and AA in solvents, the pure IL and AA were also applied as a solvent upon thermal treatments. The samples obtained after the treatment were analysed for structural and crystalline phase changes, porosity, and molecular weight distribution with various analytical techniques. The Kamlet-Taft parameters measurement of the IL and AA containing solvents with

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10

Inoue, Akio, Yoichiroh Ide, Shyunji Maniwa, Hiroyuki Yamada, and Hiroji Oda. "Properties of ER Fluids Comprised of Liquid Crystalline Polymers." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 14n16 (1999): 1966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299002022.

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Side-chain liquid crystalline polysiloxanes (LCS) diluted with solvents show a large increase in viscosity and a newtonian flow under an electric field. Two types of solvent-diluted LCSs, A and B, are presented and their properties are described in this paper. Type A shows a large temperature-dependent ER effect a quick response of msec. order to an electric field and a dynamic behavior similar to that of a low molecular weight liquid crystal. Type B shows a stable ER effect throughout a wide range of temperatures up to 150°C, a two-step response of shear stress curve upon application of DC el

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11

Kapko, Vitaliy, and Dmitry V. Matyushov. "Dynamical Arrest of Electron Transfer in Liquid Crystalline Solvents." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110, no. 26 (2006): 13184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0615205.

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12

Urayama, Kenji, Yuko Okuno, and Shinzo Kohjiya. "Volume Transition of Liquid Crystalline Gels in Isotropic Solvents." Macromolecules 36, no. 16 (2003): 6229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma034574a.

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13

Topnani, Neha, Miroslav Kašpar, Věra Hamplová, Ewa Gorecka, and Damian Pociecha. "New photoswitchable mesogenic polyurethanes with gelation ability." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 48 (2014): 10357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc01864h.

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14

Mykowska, Ewa, and Danuta Bauman. "Perylene-like Dyes in Liquid Crystalline Media." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 7 (1996): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-0708.

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Abstract The spectral and electrooptical properties of some dichroic fluorescent dyes (derivatives of 3.4,9,10-perylenetetracorboxylic acid and of 3,4,9-perylenetricarboxylic acid) in isotropic solvents and nematic liquid crystals have been studied. The order parameter of the dyes in the anisotropic matrices has been determined by means of optical spectroscopy methods. Moreover, the influence of the dye addition on the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature of the pure host has been investigated. It was found that some of the dyes studied can be utilized in guest-host liquid crystal di

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15

KHETRAPAL, C. L. "RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF MOLECULES ORIENTED IN LIQUID CRYSTALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 09, no. 18n19 (1995): 2573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979295000963.

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Recent interests in NMR spectroscopy of molecules oriented in liquid crystal solvents predominantly revolve around the developments of methods for (1) spectral simplification, (2) novel applications and (3) understanding of the solvent effects on molecular structure and function. A number of such results and their critical evaluations are presented, with emphasis on mixed liquid crystals of opposite diamagnetic susceptibility anisotropies, metal ion-ligand and weak molecular interactions and the discovery of novel liquid crystalline phase. Future directions of research, such as the use of ultr

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16

Lv, Yisheng, Liquan Wang, Fangsheng Wu, Shuting Gong, Jie Wei, and Shaoliang Lin. "Self-assembly and stimuli-responsive behaviours of side-chain liquid crystalline copolymers: a dissipative particle dynamics simulation approach." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 14 (2019): 7645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp00400a.

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17

Tan, Xiaoping, Ruilin Zhang, Chunxiang Guo, et al. "Amphotropic azobenzene derivatives with oligooxyethylene and glycerol based polar groups." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 42 (2015): 11202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc02583d.

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18

Shahkhatuni, Astghik A. "Solvent independence of structural parameters of furan and thiophene in some liquid crystalline solvents." Journal of Molecular Structure 743, no. 1-3 (2005): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.02.010.

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19

Nishikori, Yusuke, Kazuya Iseda, Kenta Kokado, and Kazuki Sada. "Mesogenic Polyelectrolyte Gels Absorb Organic Solvents and Liquid Crystalline Molecules." Polymers 8, no. 4 (2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym8040148.

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20

Wilkinson, F. Scott, Ronald F. Norwood, Joseph M. McLellan, L. Rhys Lawson, and David L. Patrick. "Engineered Growth of Organic Crystalline Films Using Liquid Crystal Solvents." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 51 (2006): 16468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja066153p.

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21

Williams, D. R. M., and A. Halperin. "Liquid-crystalline polymers in nematic solvents: confinement and field effects." Macromolecules 26, no. 8 (1993): 2025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00060a035.

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22

Barbara, P. F., W. S. Chang, S. Link, G. D. Scholes, and Arun Yethiraj. "Structure and Dynamics of Conjugated Polymers in Liquid Crystalline Solvents." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 58, no. 1 (2007): 565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.57.032905.104730.

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23

Wang, Yanbin, Guangming Lu, Wenjie Wang, et al. "Molecular design and synthesis of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(amide imide)s with high thermal stability and solubility." e-Polymers 17, no. 2 (2017): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0288.

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AbstractA series of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(amide imide)s (PAIs) with well-defined structure were prepared by the Yamazaki-Higashi phosphorylation method. To obtain the target polymers, several diimide diacid monomers (DIDAs) as mesogenic units were synthesized by the dehydration cyclization of aromatic anhydride with aliphatic 11-aminoundecanoic acid (AU). The chemical structure of these DIDAs and PAIs was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Thermotropic liquid crystalline characteristics of the DIDAs and PA

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24

Yao, Ning, and Alex M. Jamieson. "Electrorheological Behavior of Side-Chain Liquid-Crystalline Polysiloxanes in Nematic Solvents." Macromolecules 30, no. 19 (1997): 5822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma970400f.

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25

Kempe, Michael D., Julia A. Kornfield, and Jyotsana Lal. "Chain Anisotropy of Side-Group Liquid Crystalline Polymers in Nematic Solvents." Macromolecules 37, no. 23 (2004): 8730–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma034825f.

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26

Boden, N., R. Harding, K. W. Jolley, and S. J. Thomsen. "The Liquid Crystalline Phase Behaviour of Perfluorocarbon Surfactants in Organic Solvents." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 304, no. 1 (1997): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259708046960.

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27

Gidley, M. A., and D. Stubley. "Activity coefficients at infinite dilution of solutes in liquid-crystalline solvents." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 18, no. 6 (1986): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(86)90145-x.

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28

Field, Leslie D., Gregory K. Pierens, Kieth J. Cross, and Michael L. Terry. "Multiple-quantum NMR spectroscopy of molecules aligned in liquid-crystalline solvents." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 97, no. 3 (1992): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(92)90027-5.

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29

Yue, Xiu, Xiao Chen, Qintang Li, and Zhihong Li. "Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Phases of a Phytosterol Ethoxylate in Amide Solvents." Langmuir 29, no. 35 (2013): 11013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la4024162.

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30

Halperin, A., and D. R. M. Williams. "Liquid crystalline polymers in nematic solvents: interfacial behaviour and active anchoring." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 6, no. 23A (1994): A297—A300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/6/23a/048.

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31

Liu, Pin-Hsiu, and Shangwu Ding. "Application of Liquid Crystalline NMR Solvents to a Mixture of Ketones." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 52, no. 1 (2005): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.200500001.

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32

Czubak, Bartlomiej, Nicholas J. Warren, and Mamatha Nagaraj. "Steroid-Based Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Responsive and Biocompatible Materials of the Future." Crystals 12, no. 7 (2022): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12071000.

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Steroid-based liquid crystal polymers and co-polymers have come a long way, with new and significant advances being made every year. This paper reviews some of the recent key developments in steroid-based liquid crystal polymers and co-polymers. It covers the structure–property relationship between cholesterol and sterol-based compounds and their corresponding polymers, and the influence of chemical structure and synthesis conditions on the liquid crystalline behaviour. An overview of the nature of self-assembly of these materials in solvents and through polymerisation is given. The role of li

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33

Williams, David R. M., and Avi Halperin. "Hairpin Defects in Liquid-Crystalline Polymers." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 9 (1995): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034916.

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Conventionally, the term “defects” in liquid-crystalline systems refers to microscopic faults in the orientational order, which are usually visible optically. These are discussed in other articles in this issue. Our use of the term defect is entirely different. The defects we shall be considering, “hairpins,” occur on the scale of several angstroms and are abrupt reversals in the trajectory of a single liquid-crystalline-polymer (LCP) chain (Figure 1). In comparison to conventional defects, the direct observation of hairpin defects is much more difficult, yet their presence has important effec

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34

Leigh, William J. "Organic reactions in liquid-crystalline solvents. 3. Substituted .beta.-phenylpropiophenones as photochemical probes of solute-solvent interactions in liquid crystals." Journal of the American Chemical Society 107, no. 21 (1985): 6114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00307a053.

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35

Guo, Wen, and B. M. Fung. "The effect of solutes on the orientational ordering of liquid-crystalline solvents." Liquid Crystals 9, no. 1 (1991): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678299108036770.

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36

Ramesh, V., and M. M. Labes. "High solubility and rapid hydrolysis in aqueous nematic lyotropic liquid crystalline solvents." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 13 (1988): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39880000891.

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37

Drobny, Gary, and John Listerud. "Pure absorption multiple quantum spectra of molecules dissolved in liquid crystalline solvents." Molecular Physics 58, no. 6 (1986): 1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268978600101771.

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38

Hiraoka, Shingo, Takuro Yoshida, Hisao Kansui, and Takehisa Kunieda. "Strong regiochemical control of bimolecular thermochemical reactions in cholesteric liquid crystalline solvents." Tetrahedron Letters 33, no. 30 (1992): 4341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74255-9.

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39

Williams, D. R. M., and A. Halperin. "Liquid-crystalline polymers in good nematic solvents: free chains, mushrooms, and brushes." Macromolecules 26, no. 16 (1993): 4208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00068a022.

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40

Wilderbeek, Hans, Henk De Koning, Jeffrey Vorstenbosch, Ceciel Chlon, Kees Bastiaansen, and Dirk J. Broer. "Photo-Polymerization of Liquid Crystalline Monomers in Anisotropic Solvents under Dynamic Conditions." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 41, Part 1, No. 4A (2002): 2128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.41.2128.

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41

Iovleva, M. M. "?Good? and ?bad? solvents in formation of liquid-crystalline solutions of polymers." Fibre Chemistry 27, no. 1 (1995): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00551519.

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42

Walther, Mathias, Robert Bohnert, Stephan Derow, and Heino Finkelmann. "Structure formation of liquid-crystalline isotropic AB block copolymers in nematic solvents." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 16, no. 8 (1995): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1995.030160812.

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43

Rodríguez-Fabià, Sandra, Jens Norrman, Johan Sjöblom, and Kristofer Paso. "CO2 in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals: Monoethanolamine-Facilitated Uptake and Swelling." Polymers 10, no. 8 (2018): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080883.

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Ternary systems consisting of amphiphilic block copolymers/water/monoethanolamine (MEA) have been studied as potential solvents for carbon capture and storage (CCS). The phase behavior of two poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers with average compositions (EO)8(PO)47(EO)8 (L92) and (EO)3(PO)50(EO)3 (L81) have been investigated by cross-polarized visual observation and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The respective ternary phase diagrams have been studied for systems containing MEA and the equivalent systems containing CO2-loaded MEA. The presence of ME

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44

Bhowmik, Pradip K., Tae S. Jo, Jung J. Koh, et al. "Poly(Pyridinium Salt)s Containing 2,7-Diamino-9,9′-Dioctylfluorene Moieties with Various Organic Counterions Exhibiting Both Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline and Light-Emitting Properties." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061560.

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A series of poly(pyridinium salt)s-fluorene main-chain ionic polymers with various organic counterions were synthesized by using ring-transmutation polymerization and metathesis reactions. Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), proton (1H), and fluorine 19 (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. These polymers showed a number-average molecular weight (Mns) between 96.5 and 107.8 kg/mol and polydispersity index (PDI) in the range of 1.12–1.88. They exhibited fully-grown lyotropic phases in polar protic and aprotic solvents at different c

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45

Leigh, William J. "Organic reactions in liquid crystalline solvents. 4. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis studies of intramolecular motions of rod-like solutes in liquid crystals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 6 (1986): 1130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-189.

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The rates of triplet decay of a series of β-aryl-(4-alkoxypropiophenone)s in the smectic, nematic, and isotropic phases of 4′-butyl- and 4′-ethylbicyclohexyl-4-carbonitrile (BCCN and ECCN, respectively) have been measured over the 30–95 °C temperature range by nanosecond laser flash photolysis. The rates of triplet decay for these probe molecules in fluid solution are governed by the rates of Cα—Cβ bond rotation, which allows intramolecular quenching of the carbonyl triplet state by the β-aryl ring. The ketones are substituted with alkyl groups of varying length, shape, and flexibility in the

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46

Syazwan, Muhammad, and Takashi Sasaki. "Rapid crystallization and mesophase formation of poly(L-lactic acid) during precipitation from a solution." e-Polymers 18, no. 4 (2018): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2017-0247.

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AbstractVery rapid crystallization behaviors of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) are observed at room temperature when it is precipitated from a chloroform solution into a large amount of alcohols (non-solvents). The resulting crystalline phase contains both a highly ordered (α) and less ordered (α′) modifications, and the fraction of these phases depends on the alcohols used as the non-solvents: methanol tends to produce the highly ordered phase. The degree of crystallinity tends to be high for lower alcohols. When the precipitation occurs in n-hexane, almost no crystalline phase is formed, but a m

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47

Ramesh, Varadaraj, and Richard G. Weiss. "Liquid-crystalline solvents as mechanistic probes. 20. Crystalline and smectic B solvent control over the selectivity of photodimerization of n-alkyl cinnamates." Journal of Organic Chemistry 51, no. 13 (1986): 2535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00363a025.

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48

Ramesh, Varadaraj, та Richard G. Weiss. "Liquid-Crystalline Solvents as Mechanistic Probes. 18. The Micromorphology of Crystalline and Liquid-Crystalline Phases of 5α-Cholestan-3β-yltrans-Cinnamate as Discerned from Photochemical Studies1". Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 135, № 1-2 (1986): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268948608084802.

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49

Kempe, Michael D., Julia A. Kornfield, Christopher K. Ober, and Steven D. Smith. "Synthesis and Phase Behavior of Side-Group Liquid Crystalline Polymers in Nematic Solvents." Macromolecules 37, no. 10 (2004): 3569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0348268.

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50

Calucci, Lucia, Claudia Forte, Katalin Fodor Csorba, Benedetta Mennucci, and Silvia Pizzanelli. "Conformations of Banana-Shaped Molecules Studied by2H NMR Spectroscopy in Liquid Crystalline Solvents." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111, no. 1 (2007): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp066025n.

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