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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid crystals Optical properties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lininger, Andrew, Alexander Y. Zhu, Joon-Suh Park, Giovanna Palermo, Sharmistha Chatterjee, Jonathan Boyd, Federico Capasso, and Giuseppe Strangi. "Optical properties of metasurfaces infiltrated with liquid crystals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 34 (August 10, 2020): 20390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006336117.

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Optical metasurfaces allow the ability to precisely manipulate the wavefront of light, creating many interesting and exotic optical phenomena. However, they generally lack dynamic control over their optical properties and are limited to passive optical elements. In this work, we report the nontrivial infiltration of nanostructured metalenses with three respective nematic liquid crystals of different refractive index and birefringence. The optical properties of the metalens are evaluated after liquid-crystal infiltration to quantify its effect on the intended optical design. We observe a significant modification of the metalens focus after infiltration for each liquid crystal. These optical changes result from modification of local refractive index surrounding the metalens structure after infiltration. We report qualitative agreement of the optical experiments with finite-difference time-domain solver (FDTD) simulation results. By harnessing the tunability inherent in the orientation dependent refractive index of the infiltrated liquid crystal, the metalens system considered here has the potential to enable dynamic reconfigurability in metasurfaces.

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2

Cramer, Ch, H. Binder, M. Schubert, B. Rheinländer, and H. Schmiedel. "Optical Properties of Microconfined Liquid Crystals." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 282, no. 1 (May 1996): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259608037593.

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3

Belyakov, Vladimir A. "Optical Kossel Lines and Fluorescence in Photonic Liquid Crystals." Crystals 10, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060541.

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We propose a general analytical way to describe the fluorescence peculiarities in photonic liquid crystals (revealing themselves as an optical analog of the X-ray Kossel lines in conventional crystals) based at the localized optical edge modes existing in perfect photonic liquid crystal layers. The proposed approach allows us to predict theoretically the properties of optical Kossel lines in photonic liquid crystal (fluorescence polarization, spectral and angular fluorescence distribution, influence of the light absorption in liquid crystal, and, in particular, existing the optical Borrmann effect if the absorption in liquid crystal is locally anisotropic). Comparison of the theoretical results and the known experimental data shows that the theory reproduces sufficiently well the observation results on the fluorescence in photonic liquid crystals. For confirming a direct connection of the optical Kossel lines to the localized optical edge modes in perfect photonic liquid crystal, we propose the application of time-delayed techniques in studying the optical Kossel lines.

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4

SONI, SURESH, DIMPLE DHARNIYA BISHNOI, SUBHASH SONI, and RAMSWROOP. "LIQUID CRYSTALS AND APPLICATIONS OF CHLOSTERIC LIQUID CRYSTAL IN LASER." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513010957.

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Liquid crystals are a state of matter intermediate between that of a crystalline solid and an isotropic liquid. They possess many of the mechanical properties of a liquid, e.g. - high fluidity, inability to support shear, formation, and coalescence of droplets. At the same time they are similar to crystals in that they exhibit anisotropy in their optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. We discuss some physical properties of nematic, cholesteric, and smectic liquid crystals (Specially focused on cholesteric) and some applications in laser due to Cholesteric Liquid Crystal’s resonant cavity which formed spontaneously and intrinsically, in the form of self-assembled chiral nematic helix.

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5

Cai, Chang Long, Ya Zhang, Xiao Ling Niu, and Wei Guo Liu. "Research on Non-Electric Readout Infrared Thermal Imaging Detection Technology Based on the Liquid Crystal." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.293.

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Liquid crystal, as a condensed matter, is a phase state between crystal and isotropic liquid. On the one hand, it has mobility and continuity as a liquid, and on the other hand, it has arranging ordering as a crystal, then it has many unique properties. Because the factors, such as heat, electric field, magnetic field, pressure, and so on, will easily influence the arranging of liquid crystal molecular, so once it is excited externally, its optical properties will be changed. At present, most research on the theory and application of liquid crystal mainly focus on the display. Thermo-optic effect is defined as the phenomenon that the optical properties of liquid crystal change with the changing of temperature. At the phase transition point, the thermo-optic effect of liquid crystal is very obvious. In this paper, non-electric readout infrared thermal imaging detection technology based on the optical rotation property of the cholesteric liquid crystals is mainly researched. Through the research, the cholesteric liquid crystals’ light curves, gray value curves and CCD image were obtained under different temperatures; it proved that using the optical rotation property of cholesteric liquid crystals to achieve the infrared imaging of hot objects is possible.

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6

Gleeson, H. F., and H. J. Coles. "Optical Properties of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Incorporating Nonlinear Optics 170, no. 1 (May 1989): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268948908047744.

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7

Ribière, P., S. Pirkl, and P. Oswald. "Optical properties of frustrated cholesteric liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals 16, no. 2 (February 1994): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678299408029147.

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8

Simoni, Francesco, and Oriano Francescangeli. "Optical Properties of Polymer-dispersed Liquid Crystals." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 45, no. 3-4 (March 2000): 381–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914030008035050.

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9

SURESH, K. A. "THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL LIQUID CRYSTALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 09, no. 18n19 (August 30, 1995): 2363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979295000914.

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In recent times, optical diffraction and reflection from periodically twisted liquid crystalline media have attracted a lot of attention. The important developments in this area have been considered here.

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10

Melnyk, Olha, Yuriy Garbovskiy, Dario Bueno-Baques, and Anatoliy Glushchenko. "Electro-Optical Switching of Dual-Frequency Nematic Liquid Crystals: Regimes of Thin and Thick Cells." Crystals 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2019): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9060314.

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Conventional display applications of liquid crystals utilize thin layers of mesogenic materials, typically less than 10 µm. However, emerging non-display applications will require thicker, i.e., greater than 100 µm, layers of liquid crystals. Although electro-optical performance of relatively thin liquid crystal cells is well-documented, little is known about the properties of thicker liquid crystal layers. In this paper, the electro-optical response of dual-frequency nematic liquid crystals is studied using a broad range (2–200 µm) of the cell thickness. Two regimes of electro-optical switching of dual-frequency nematics are observed and analyzed.

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11

Parang, Z., T. Ghaffary, and M. M. Gharahbeigi. "Effect of elastic constants of liquid crystals in their electro-optical properties." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 11 (October 23, 2017): 1750163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817501638.

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Recently following the success of the density functional theory (DFT) in obtaining the structure and thermodynamics of homogeneous and inhomogeneous classical systems such as simple fluids, dipolar fluid and binary hard spheres, this theory was also applied to obtain the density profile of a molecular fluid in between hard planar walls by Kalpaxis and Rickayzen. In the theory of molecular fluids, the direct correlation function (DCF) can be used to calculate the equation of state, free energy, phase transition, elastic constants, etc. It is well known that the hard core molecular models play an important role in understanding complex liquids such as liquid crystals. In this paper, a classical fluid of nonspherical molecules is studied. The required homogeneous (DCF) is obtained by solving Orenstein–Zernike (OZ) integral equation numerically. Some of the molecules in the liquid crystals have a sphere shape and this kind of molecular fluid is considered here. The DCF sphere of the molecular fluid is calculated and it will be shown that the results are in good agreement with the pervious works and the results of computer simulation. Finally the electro-optical properties of ellipsoid liquid crystal using DCF of these molecules are calculated.

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12

Lucchetti, Liana, and Victor Reshetnyak. "Hybrid photosensitive structures based on nematic liquid crystals and lithium niobate substrates." Optical Data Processing and Storage 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/odps-2018-0003.

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Abstract Liquid crystal cells based on lithium niobate substrates have recently been proposed as good candidates for optofluidic devices and for light-induced controlled generation of defects in liquid crystal films. The peculiarity of these structures lies in the possibility of using the bulk photovoltaic effect of lithium niobate to obtain an optically induced dc field able to affect the molecular liquid crystal director. Reversible fragmentation and self-assembling of liquid crystal droplets driven by the lithium niobate pyroelectric properties have also been reported. We review the basic results obtained so far with the aim of making the point and seeing what else can be done in the framework of the realization of hybrid structures combining lithium niobate with the electro-optical and nonlinear optical properties of liquid crystals.

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13

Barón, Máximo. "Definitions of basic terms relating to low-molar-mass and polymer liquid crystals (IUPAC Recommendations 2001)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 845–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173050845.

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This document is the first published by the IUPAC Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature dealing specifically with liquid crystals. Because of the breadth of its scope, it has been prepared in collaboration with representatives of the International Liquid Crystal Society.The document gives definitions of terms related to low-molar-mass and polymer liquid crystals. It relies on basic definitions of terms that are widely used in the field of liquid crystals and in polymer science. The terms are arranged in five sections dealing with general definitions of liquid-crystalline and mesomorphic states of matter, types of mesophases, optical textures and defects of liquid crystals, the physical characteristics of liquid crystals (including electro-optical and magneto-optical properties), and finally liquid-crystal polymers. The terms that have been selected are those most commonly encountered in the conventional structural, thermal, and electro-optical characterization of liquid-crystalline materials.

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14

Wall, Bentley G., Chris M. Snively, and Jack L. Koenig. "Infrared Microscopic Imaging of the Diffusion of Liquid Crystals into Thermoplastics." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 841–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600011090.

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Thermoplastic polymer/liquid crystal systems have found application in the generation of display devices known as thermoplastic, polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). These systems take advantage of the beneficial properties of both components to generate a device that has unique optical properties. The liquid crystal is dielectric and responds to an electric field. The polymer confines the liquid crystal so that the cells are closed. The two components are melted together until they are miscible. At lower temperatures, the two components phase separate. The liquid crystal component is the minor phase and takes the form of many tiny droplets contained within the major-phase, polymer matrix. An application of an electric field across these systems causes the liquid crystal within the droplets to align with the field. The systems are engineered such that when this alignment occurs there is no refractive index difference between the liquid crystal in the droplets and the polymer matrix, thus, the cells appear optically transparent. When there is no field applied, the liquid crystals in each droplet are aligned without respect to a general direction according to the surface energetics of each droplet/polymer interface. When this is the case, there is a refractive index mismatch between the droplets and the polymer and the cells are opaque. Research of these systems is aimed at improving the optical properties in order to facilitate the manufacturing of improved devices utilizing this technology. Because these systems are generated by a diffusion-controlled, phase separation process, understanding the relevant parameters, particularly the diffusion coefficients, should enable the manufacturing processes of these systems to be controlled more efficiently, generating improved optical properties.

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15

Chang, Huey Ling, and Chih Ming Chen. "Polymer Matrix on Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals Electro-Optical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.183.

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Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films are fabricated with various compositions of E7 liquid crystal (LC), 2-Hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), Methyl methacrylate (MMA), n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA), Ethyl methacrylate (EMA), Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA), and Benzoin. The results show that the refractive index of the PDLC films is insensitive to the monomer side groups. The effects of different monomers addition on the microstructure, the corresponding polymer matrix motion and electro-optical properties of the PDLC samples are examined using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers (DMA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the addition of HEMA and TEGDA yields a considerable improvement in the electro-optical properties and the contrast ratio. Overall, the results show that a PDLC comprising 40wt% E7 liquid crystals, 50mol% TeGDA and 50mol% HEMA has both a high contrast ratio (12.75:1) and a low driving voltage (16 V), and is therefore a suitable candidate for smart window and a wide variety of intelligent photoelectric applications.

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16

Akamatsu, N., K. Hisano, R. Tatsumi, M. Aizawa, C. J. Barrett, and A. Shishido. "Thermo-, photo-, and mechano-responsive liquid crystal networks enable tunable photonic crystals." Soft Matter 13, no. 41 (2017): 7486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01287j.

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17

García Parejo, Pilar, and Alberto Álvarez-Herrero. "Liquid crystals for space instrumentation: optical properties of liquid crystal mixtures for polarimeters." Optical Materials Express 9, no. 6 (May 23, 2019): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.9.002681.

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18

Kitzerow, Heinz-S., Heinrich Matthias, Stefan L. Schweizer, Henry M. van Driel, and Ralf B. Wehrspohn. "Tuning of the Optical Properties in Photonic Crystals Made of Macroporous Silicon." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (June 22, 2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/780784.

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It is well known that robust and reliable photonic crystal structures can be manufactured with very high precision by electrochemical etching of silicon wafers, which results in two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals made of macroporous silicon. However, tuning of the photonic properties is necessary in order to apply these promising structures in integrated optical devices. For this purpose, different effects have been studied, such as the infiltration with addressable dielectric liquids (liquid crystals), the utilization of Kerr-like nonlinearities of the silicon, or free-charge carrier injection by means of linear (one-photon) and nonlinear (two-photon) absorptions. The present article provides a review, critical discussion, and perspectives about state-of-the-art tuning capabilities.

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19

Osipova, V. V., A. D. Kurilov, Y. G. Galyametdinov, A. A. Muravsky, S. Kumar, and D. N. Chausov. "Optical Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystal Composites with Semiconducting Quantum Dots." Liquid Crystals and their Application 20, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18083/lcappl.2020.4.84.

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The synthetic route to obtain stable composites of liquid crystal ZhK-777 with semiconductor quantum dots CdSe/CdS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS has been proposed. The dependents of fluorescence intensity of the composites on size and concentration of used quantum dots has been established. The shift of the luminescence band and decrease of its intensity has been observed both for liquid crystal and quantum dots. This effect indicates that quantum dots interaction with liquid crystals caused by a nonradiative excitation energy transfer from liquid crystal molecules to quantum dots. The dielectric spectroscopy of ZhK-777 and composites revealed that doping with quantum dots results in change of molecular relaxation frequencies in composites.

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20

BRASSELET, E., and S. JUODKAZIS. "OPTICAL ANGULAR MANIPULATION OF LIQUID CRYSTAL DROPLETS IN LASER TWEEZERS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 18, no. 02 (June 2009): 167–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863509004580.

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The high sensitivity of liquid crystals to external fields, especially electromagnetic fields, confer to them fascinating properties. In the case of light fields, their large optical nonlinearities over a broad spectrum have great application potential for all-optical devices. The linear optical properties of liquid crystals, such as their high refractive index, birefringence and transparency, are also of great practical interest in optofluidics, which combines the use of optical tools in microfluidic environments. A representative example is the laser micromanipulation of liquid crystalline systems using optical tweezing techniques. Liquid crystal droplets represent a class of systems that can be easily prepared and manipulated by light, with or without a nonlinear light-matter coupling. Here we review different aspects of quasi-statics and dynamical optical angular manipulation of liquid crystal droplets trapped in laser tweezers. In particular, we discuss to the influence of the phase (nematic, cholesteric or smectic), the bulk ordering symmetry, the droplet size, the polarization state and power of the trapping light, together with the prominent role of light–matter angular momentum exchanges and optical orientational nonlinearities.

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21

Khoo, I. C. "Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Liquid Crystals For Optical Imaging Processes." Optical Engineering 25, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 252198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.7973805.

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22

Shanks, Robert A., and Daniel Staszczyk. "Thermal and Optical Characterization of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals." International Journal of Polymer Science 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/767581.

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Liquid crystals are compounds that display order in the liquid state above the melting temperature and below the mesogenic isotropic temperature. Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are composite materials in which liquid crystalline material is dispersed within a polymer matrix to form micron-sized droplets. The aim was to prepare several cholesteryl esters or alkoxybenzoic acid PDLCs and characterise thermal and optical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy were employed. The matrix polymer was a one-component UV-curable epoxy-acrylate resin. PDLCs were formed through entropy controlled phase separation resulting from UV-initiated crosslinking. The liquid crystals, both as mesogenic moieties and as dispersed droplets, exhibited various textures according to their molecular order and orientation. These textures formed in constrained regions separated by phase boundaries that occurred at temperatures characteristic of each liquid crystal used. The PDLC phase transitions occurred at temperatures lower than those exhibited by the mesogenic components in the neat state.

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23

Kushwaha, S. K., N. Vijayan, K. K. Maurya, A. Kumar, B. Kumar, K. Somayajulu, and G. Bhagavannarayana. "Enhancement in crystalline perfection and optical properties of benzophenone single crystals: the remarkable effect of a liquid crystal." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 4 (July 13, 2011): 839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889811018966.

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The remarkable enhancement of the crystalline perfection of benzophenone (BP) crystals induced by liquid crystal (LC) doping has been investigated, and has in turn led to better optical properties. High-resolution X-ray diffractometry demonstrates that the structural grain boundaries present in pure crystals can be eliminated when the crystal is grown with LC doping. Thus, the high alignment capability of LCs has for the first time been utilized to enhance the quality of BP bulk single crystals. The LC-doped crystal exhibits higher optical transparency over its entire transparent region. The optical polarizing behaviour of the doped BP crystal is also improved.

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24

Aliev, Faud M. "Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals in Porous Glasses." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 222, no. 1 (January 1992): 147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421409208048689.

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25

Boiko, Natalia, and Valery Shibaev. "Cholesteric Polymer Liquid Crystals and their Optical Properties." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 45, no. 3-4 (March 2000): 533–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914030008035053.

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26

Maschke, Ulrich, Xavier Coqueret, and Mustapha Benmouna. "Electro-Optical Properties of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 23, no. 3 (February 1, 2002): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20020201)23:3<159::aid-marc159>3.0.co;2-1.

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27

Laux, V., F. Roussel, and J. M. Buisine. "Optical Properties of Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals." Ferroelectrics 277, no. 1 (January 2002): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190214438.

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28

Ponti, S., M. Becchi, C. Oldano, P. Taverna, and L. Trossi. "Optical properties of short pitch cholesteric liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals 28, no. 4 (April 2001): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290010020201.

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29

Caldera Villalobos, Martín, Jesús García Serrano, and Ana María Herrera González. "Synthesis, Characterization and Mesomorphic Properties of N,N'-(1,4-Phenylene(methanylylidene))bis(4-(hexyloxy)aniline)." Advanced Materials Research 976 (June 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.976.75.

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Liquid crystals (LCs) are compounds that have properties between isotropic liquids and solid crystal materials. Although there is not a parameter to predict this behavior, the liquid crystals reported until now have common characteristics, for example rigid groups such as columns or rods within its structures, and long hydrocarbon chains that give flexibility. In this work we report the synthesis and characterization of LCN,N'-(1,4-phenylene bis (methanylylidene)) bis (4-(hexyloxy) aniline). The compound was characterized by infrared (IR), raman and1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopies. The mesomorphic properties were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM). The compoundN,N'-(1,4-phenylene bis (methanylylidene)) bis (4-(hexyloxy) aniline) was obtained with a yield of 87 % and purity of 99.9 % determined by elementary analysis. The POM study revealed that this compound have a typical low molecular weight liquid crystal behavior. At temperatures of 157 and 174 °C typical mesophases of liquid crystals were observed; the phase transitions were analyzed by DSC. The POM images reveal the typical birefringence of liquid crystal behavior and different anisotropic textures of smectic and nematic mesophases, these textures are characteristic of the benzylideneanilines or Schiff bases.

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30

Lembrikov, Boris I., David Ianetz, and Yosef Ben-Ezra. "Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in a Silicon-Smectic A Liquid Crystal (SALC) Waveguide." Materials 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2019): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132086.

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Liquid crystals (LCs) are organic materials characterized by the intermediate properties between those of an isotropic liquid and a crystal with a long range order. The LCs possess strong anisotropy of their optical and electro-optical properties. In particular, LCs possess strong optical nonlinearity. LCs are compatible with silicon-based technologies. Due to these unique properties, LCs are promising candidates for the development of novel integrated devices for telecommunications and sensing. Nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) are mostly used and studied. Smectic A liquid crystals (SALCs) have a higher degree of long range order forming a layered structure. As a result, they have lower scattering losses, specific mechanisms of optical nonlinearity related to the smectic layer displacement without the mass density change, and they can be used in nonlinear optical applications. We theoretically studied the nonlinear optical phenomena in a silicon-SALC waveguide. We have shown theoretically that the stimulated light scattering (SLS) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) caused by SALC nonlinearity can occur in the silicon-SALC waveguide. We evaluated the smectic layer displacement, the SALC hydrodynamic velocity, and the slowly varying amplitudes (SVAs) of the interfering optical waves.

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31

Garbovskiy, Yuriy, and Anatoliy Glushchenko. "Frequency-dependent electro-optics of liquid crystal devices utilizing nematics and weakly conducting polymers." Advanced Optical Technologies 7, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2018-0026.

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Abstract Conducting polymer films acting as both electrodes and alignment layers are very promising for the development of flexible and wearable tunable liquid crystal devices. The majority of existing publications report on the electro-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals and twisted nematic liquid crystals sandwiched between highly conducting polymers. In contrary, in this paper, electro-optics of nematic liquid crystals placed between rubbed weakly conducting polymers is studied. The combination of weakly conducting polymers and nematics enables a frequency-dependent tuning of the effective threshold voltage of the studied liquid crystal cells. This unusual electro-optics of liquid crystal cells utilizing nematics and weakly conducting polymers can be understood by considering equivalent electric circuits and material parameters of the cell. An elementary model of the observed electro-optical phenomenon is also presented.

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32

Liu, Zhi Lian, Xiao Hui Li, and Zhen Ning Yu. "Dynamiclly Functional Materials Based on Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.68.

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A new series of supramolecular hydrogen-bonded liquid cryatals complexes were synthesized based on pyridine derivative and 4-n-alkoxybenzoic acids. The formation of hydrogen bonds was verified by infrared spectra. The thermal behavior of supramolecular liquid crystals was studied using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The liquid crystal texture was revealed with polarizing optical microscope (POM). It demonstrats that all supramolecular complexes have good liquid crystal properties.

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33

Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Daniel Budaszewski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Miłosz Chychłowski, Kamil Orzechowski, Karolina Bednarska, and Piotr Lesiak. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.

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Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, "Splay orientation in a capillary", Phot. Lett. Pol. 2, 1, 31-33 (2010). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic liquid crystal fibers — a new challenge for fiber optics and liquid crystals photonics", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 4, 329-334 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 985-991 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications", IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas. 57, 8, 1796-1802 (2008). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Multi-Parameter Sensing Based on Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 502: 220-234., (2009). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, Xiao G and Bock WJ Photonics sensing: principle and applications for safety and security monitoring, (New Jersey, Wiley, 147-181, 2012). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a polymer-based photonic liquid crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. A 115, 2, 569-574 (2014). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol., 35, 16, 3399-3405 (2017). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Recent Progress in Liquid-Crystal Optical Fibers and Their Applications in Photonics", J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 11, 2516-2526 (2019). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Electric Field Sensing With Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers Based on Micro-Electrodes Systems", J. Lightwave Technol., 33, 2, 2405-2411, (2015). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 8, 1208-1214 (2012). CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical analysis of birefringence tuning in high index microstructured fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8794 (2013). CrossRef O. Jaworska and S. Ertman, "Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers", Phot. Lett. Pol., 9, 3, 79-81 (2017). CrossRef I.C. Khoo, S.T.Wu, "Optics and Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals", World Scientific (1993). CrossRef P. Lesiak et al., "Thermal optical nonlinearity in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals doped with gold nanoparticles", Proc. SPIE 10228, 102280N (2017). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, T. Woliński, "Modeling of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 2, 3, 107 (2010). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, L-W. Wei, "Assessment on the applicability of finite difference methods to model light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 4, 4, 161 (2012). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, U. Laudyn, P. Jung, "Nonlinear discrete light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 5, 1, 17 (2013). CrossRef M. Murek, K. Rutkowska, "Two laser beams interaction in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with highly nonlinear materials", Photon. Lett. Poland 6, 2, 74 (2014). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 558, 184-193, (2012). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Propagation Effects in Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers with a Complex Structure", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 118, 1259-1261 (2010). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Polarization properties of cubic blue phases of a cholesteric liquid crystal", Opt. Mater. 69, 259-264 (2017). CrossRef H. Yoshida et al., "Heavy meson spectroscopy under strong magnetic field", Phys. Rev. E 94, 042703 (2016). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef C.-W. Chen et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978-23984 (2012). CrossRef C.-H. Lee et al., "Polarization-independent bistable light valve in blue phase liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Opt. 52, 4849-4853 (2013). CrossRef D. Poudereux et al., "Infiltration of a photonic crystal fiber with cholesteric liquid crystal and blue phase", Proc. SPIE 9290 (2014). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Optical properties of cubic blue phase liquid crystal in photonic microstructures", Opt. Express 27, 10, 14270-14282 (2019). CrossRef M. Wahle, J. Ebel, D. Wilkes, H.S. Kitzerow, "Asymmetric band gap shift in electrically addressed blue phase photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 24, 20, 22718-22729 (2016). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Investigation of the Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using a wedge-cell technique", Phot. Lett. Pol. 9, 2, 54-56 (2017). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "Influence of cylindrical geometry and alignment layers on the growth process and selective reflection of blue phase domains", Opt. Mater. 75, 211-215 (2018). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "The influence of orienting layers on blue phase liquid crystals in rectangular geometries", Phot. Lett. Pol. 10, 4, 100-102 (2018). CrossRef P. G. de Gennes JP. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. (Oxford University Press 1995). CrossRef L.M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, NY: Springer New York 1994). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A.J. Srivastava, V.G. Chigrinov, T.R. Woliński, "Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres", Liq. Cryst., 46 2, 272-280 (2019). CrossRef V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, H-S. Kwok. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008). CrossRef M. Schadt et al., "Surface-Induced Parallel Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Linearly Polymerized Photopolymers", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.31, 2155-2164 (1992). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 4679 (2014). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, et al., "Photo‐aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers", J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23, 196-201 (2015). CrossRef O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, T. Hegmann, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles", Top Curr Chem 318, 331-392 (2012). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Titanium nanoparticles doping of 5CB infiltrated microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 8 1, 29-31 (2016). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 8, 2790-2801 (2017). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", J. Mol. Liq. 267, 271-278 (2018). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Opt. Exp. 27, 10, 14260-14269 (2019). CrossRef

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Korec, Joanna, Karol Antoni Stasiewicz, and Leszek Roman Jaroszewicz. "Temperature effect on the light propagation in a tapered optical fiber with a twisted nematic liquid crystal cladding." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.881.

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This paper presents the influence of temperature on optical power spectrum propagated in a tapered optical fiber with twisted nematic liquid crystal cladding (TOF-TNLCC) modulated by an electric field. The measurements were performed for a liquid crystal cell with the twisted orientation of ITO layers, filled with E7 mixture. The induced reorientation of liquid crystal (LC) n-director was measured for visible and near-infrared wavelength range [550-1100 nm] at the electric field range of 0–160 V and temperature range of 20-60 °C. The relation between temperature and the optical power spectrum of the investigated device has been established. Full Text: PDF ReferencesV.J. Tekippe, "Passive fiber optic components made by the fused biconical taper process", Proc. SPIE 1085 (1990). CrossRef T. A. Birks, Y. W. Li, The shape of fiber tapers, Journal of Lightwave Technology 10, 4 (1992). CrossRef J. Korec, K. A. Stasiewicz, O. Strzeżysz, P. Kula, L. R. Jaroszewicz, Electro-Steering Tapered Fiber-Optic Device with Liquid Crystal Cladding, Journal of Sensors 2019: 1-11 (2019) CrossRef Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, J. Bures, Liquid-crystal-clad tapered fibers, Opt. Lett. 11, 733-735 (1986) CrossRef J. F Henninot, D. Louvergneaux, N. Tabiryan, M. Warenghem, Controlled leakage of a tapered optical fiber with liquid crystal cladding, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 282, 297-308. (1996). CrossRef Y. Wang, et.al., Tapered optical fiber waveguide coupling to whispering gallery modes of liquid crystal microdroplet for thermal sensing application, Opt. Express 25, 918-926 (2017) CrossRef J. Korec, K. A. Stasiewicz, O. Strzeżysz, P. Kula, L. R. Jaroszewicz, . E. Moś, Tapered fibre liquid crystal optical device, Proc. SPIE 10681 (2018) CrossRef G. Assanto, A. Picardi, R. Barboza, A. Alberucci, Electro-optic steering of Nematicons, Phot. Lett. Poland 4, 1 (2012). CrossRef A.Ghanadzadeh Gilani, M.S. Beevers, The Electro-optical kerr effect in eutectic nematic mixtures of E7 and E8,J ournal of Molecular Liquids, 92, 3 (2001). CrossRef E. C. Mägi, P. Steinvurzel, and B.J. Eggleton, Tapered photonic crystal fibers, Opt. Express 784, 12, 5 (2004). CrossRef Y. Li and J. Lit, Transmission properties of a multimode optical-fiber taper, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2, (1985). CrossRef J. Korec, K. A. Stasiewicz, and L. R. Jaroszewicz, Temperature influence on optical power spectrum of the tapered fiber device with a liquid crystal cladding, Proc. SPIE 11045, 110450I (2019) CrossRef L.M. Blinov, Liquid crystals: physical properties and their possibilities in application, Advances in Liquid Crystal Research and Applications, (1981). CrossRef

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Li, M. S., S. Y. Huang, S. T. Wu, H. C. Lin, and A. Y. G. Fuh. "Optical and electro-optical properties of photonic crystals based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals." Applied Physics B 101, no. 1-2 (July 9, 2010): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-010-4110-y.

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Otón, Eva, Morten Andreas Geday, Caterina Maria Tone, José Manuel Otón, and Xabier Quintana. "Aligning lyotropic liquid crystals with unconventional organic layers." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.701.

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Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLC) are a kind of LCs far less known and more difficult to control than conventional thermotropic nematics. Nevertheless, LCLCs are a preferred option -often the only one- for applications where hydrophilic materials must be employed. Being water-soluble, LCLC can be used in numerous biology related devices, for example in target detection in lab-on-chip devices. However, their properties and procedures to align them are still less explored, with only a very limited number of options available, especially for homeotropic alignment. In this work, novel organic alignment layers and alignment properties have been explored for selected LCLCs. Non-conventional organic alignment layers were tested and new suitable procedures and materials for both homogeneous and homeotropic alignments have been found. Full Text: PDF ReferencesS.L. Hefinstine, O.D. Lavrentovich, C.J. Woolverton, "Lyotropic liquid crystal as a real-time detector of microbial immune complexes", Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 43, 27 (2006). CrossRef M.A. Geday, M. Ca-o-García, J.M. Escolano, E. Otón, J.M. Otón, X. Quintana, Conference on Liquid Crystals CLC'16, Poland (2016).M.A. Geday, E. Otón, J.M. Escolano, J.M. Otón, X. Quintana, Patent WO 2015193525 (2015). DirectLink Yu.A. Nastishin et al., "Optical characterization of the nematic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals: Light absorption, birefringence, and scalar order parameter", Phys. Rev. E, 72 (4) 41711 (2005). CrossRef A. Mcguire, et al., "Orthogonal Orientation of Chromonic Liquid Crystals by Rubbed Polyamide Films", Chem. Phys. Chem. 15 (7) (2014). CrossRef J. Jeong, et al., "Homeotropic Alignment of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Using Noncovalent Interactions", Langmuir 30(10) 2914 (2014). CrossRef J.Y. Kim, H.-Tae Jung, "Macroscopic alignment of chromonic liquid crystals using patterned substrates", Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 10362 (2016). CrossRef E. Otón, J.M. Escolano, X. Quintana, J.M. Otón, M.A. Geday, "Aligning lyotropic liquid crystals with silicon oxides", Liq. Cryst. 42 (8) 1069 (2015). CrossRef H.S. Park, et al., "Condensation of Self-Assembled Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Sunset Yellow in Aqueous Solutions Crowded with Polyethylene Glycol and Doped with Salt", Langmuir 27, 4164 (2011). CrossRef H.S. Park, et al., "Self-Assembly of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Sunset Yellow and Effects of Ionic Additives", J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 16307 (2008). CrossRef R Caputo et al., "POLICRYPS: a liquid crystal composed nano/microstructure with a wide range of optical and electro-optical applications", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11, 024017 (2009). CrossRef

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Morris, Rowan, Cliff Jones, and Mamatha Nagaraj. "Liquid Crystal Devices for Beam Steering Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030247.

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Liquid crystals are valuable materials for applications in beam steering devices. In this paper, an overview of the use of liquid crystals in the field of adaptive optics specifically for beam steering and lensing devices is presented. The paper introduces the properties of liquid crystals that have made them useful in this field followed by a more detailed discussion of specific liquid crystal devices that act as switchable optical components of refractive and diffractive types. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the different devices and techniques are summarised.

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Mirau, Peter A., and Mohan Srentvasarao. "NMR Characterization of Liquid Crystal—Polymer Interactions in Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 11 (November 1997): 1639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971939299.

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Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and optical microscopy have been used to study liquid crystal–polymer interactions in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) composed of the E7 liquid crystal mixture and poly( n-butyl methacrylate) or poly(isobutyl methacrylate). As previously reported, the droplets adopt a bipolar configuration in the PDLCs using poly( n-butyl methacrylate) as the matrix material and a radial configuration in those using poly(isobutyl methacrylate). The NMR signals from the E7 cannot be detected in the bulk state by using magic angle spinning and cross-polarization because of its liquid-like properties. The E7 and the polymer signals are only weakly cross-polarized in 60:40 E7/poly( n-butyl methacrylate) PDLCs but are strongly cross-polarized in the PDLCs with poly(isobutyl methacrylate). We suggest that the differences are due to a change in the surface-anchoring conditions and that NMR spectroscopy may provide a molecular-level probe of the forces that control droplet configuration and the electro-optical properties of these materials.

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Liu, Y. J., and X. W. Sun. "Holographic Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals: Materials, Formation, and Applications." Advances in OptoElectronics 2008 (April 27, 2008): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/684349.

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By combining polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) and holography, holographic PDLC (H-PDLC) has emerged as a new composite material for switchable or tunable optical devices. Generally, H-PDLC structures are created in a liquid crystal cell filled with polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials by recording the interference pattern generated by two or more coherent laser beams which is a fast and single-step fabrication. With a relatively ideal phase separation between liquid crystals and polymers, periodic refractive index profile is formed in the cell and thus light can be diffracted. Under a suitable electric field, the light diffraction behavior disappears due to the index matching between liquid crystals and polymers. H-PDLCs show a fast switching time due to the small size of the liquid crystal droplets. So far, H-PDLCs have been applied in many promising applications in photonics, such as flat panel displays, switchable gratings, switchable lasers, switchable microlenses, and switchable photonic crystals. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of H-PDLCs including the materials used to date, the grating formation dynamics and simulations, the optimization of electro-optical properties, the photonic applications, and the issues existed in H-PDLCs.

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Chychłowski, Miłosz, and Tomasz Woliński. "Frequency dependence of electric field tunability in a photonic liquid crystal fiber based on gold nanoparticles-doped 6CHBT nematic liquid crystal." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i4.1070.

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In this paper, we investigate an external electric field frequency influence on a photonic liquid crystal fiber (PLCF) based on a gold nanoparticles (NPs)-doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) and its response to the external electric field. We used a 6CHBT nematic LC doped with 2-nm gold NPs in a weight concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. M. Atkin, "All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding," Opt. Lett. 21, 1547-1549 (1996) CrossRef J. C. Knight,T. A. Birks, P. S. J.Russell, , and J. P. De Sandro, "Properties of photonic crystal fiber and the effective index model", JOSA A, 15(3), 748-752, (1998) CrossRef S. A. Cerqueira,F. Luan, C. M. B. Cordeiro, A. K. George, and J. C. Knight, "Hybrid photonic crystal fiber", "Optics Express", 14(2), 926-931,(2006) CrossRef W. Bragg, "Liquid Crystals", Nature 133, 445-456, (1934) https://doi.org/10.1038/133445a0 CrossRef J. Kędzierski, K. Garbat, Z. Raszewski, M. Kojdecki, K. Kowiorski, L. Jaroszewicz, and W. Piecek, "Optical properties of a liquid crystal with small ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices and small optical anisotropy", Opto-Electronics Review, 22(3), 162-165, (2014) CrossRef Y. Li, and S. T. Wu, "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Optics express, 19(9), 8045-8050, (2011) CrossRef T. Woliński, S. Ertman, K. Rutkowska, D. Budaszewski, M. Sala-Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, K. Orzechowski, K. Bednarska, P. Lesiak, "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers - 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology", Phot. Lett. Pol., (11), (2), 22-24, (2019) https://doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907. CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, Opt. Expr. 11(20), 2589, (2003) CrossRef T.R. Woliński, K. Szaniawska, K. Bondarczuk, P. Lesiak, A.W. Domański, R. Dąbrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wójcik, "Propagation properties of photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13(2), 59 (2005) DirectLink L. Scolari, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, L. Zhai, L. Eskildsen, T. T. Alkeskjold, S.-T. Wu, and A. Bjarklev, "Frequency tunability of solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled with nanoparticle-doped liquid crystals," Opt. Express 17(5), 3754-3764 (2009). CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Chychłowski, D. Budaszewski, B. Jankiewicz, B. Bartosewicz, and T. R. Woliński, "Thermo-and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 8(1), 2790-2801, (2017) CrossRef D. Budaszewski, M. Chychłowski, A. Budaszewska, B. Bartosewicz, B. Jankiewicz, and T. R. Woliński, "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Optics express, 27(10), 14260-14269, (2019) CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. Siarkowska, M. Chychłowski, B. Jankiewicz, B. Bartosewicz, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński, "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", Journal of Molecular Liquids, 267, 271-278, (2018) CrossRef

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Shen, Yuan, and Ingo Dierking. "Perspectives in Liquid-Crystal-Aided Nanotechnology and Nanoscience." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 20, 2019): 2512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122512.

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The research field of liquid crystals and their applications is recently changing from being largely focused on display applications and optical shutter elements in various fields, to quite novel and diverse applications in the area of nanotechnology and nanoscience. Functional nanoparticles have recently been used to a significant extent to modify the physical properties of liquid crystals by the addition of ferroelectric and magnetic particles of different shapes, such as arbitrary and spherical, rods, wires and discs. Also, particles influencing optical properties are increasingly popular, such as quantum dots, plasmonic, semiconductors and metamaterials. The self-organization of liquid crystals is exploited to order templates and orient nanoparticles. Similarly, nanoparticles such as rods, nanotubes and graphene oxide are shown to form lyotropic liquid crystal phases in the presence of isotropic host solvents. These effects lead to a wealth of novel applications, many of which will be reviewed in this publication.

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di Pietro, Vittorio Maria, and Aurélie Jullien. "Broadband Spectral Domain Interferometry for Optical Characterization of Nematic Liquid Crystals." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 4701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144701.

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In this paper, broadband Spectral Domain Interferometry provides single-shot optical characterization of dispersive thermotropic nematic liquid crystals. The proposed experimental setup enables measuring the chromatic dispersion, the extended Cauchy equation parameters knowing the optical index for one wavelength, and the thermo-optical coefficients to ascribe the dependence of the optical index with the inner temperature. The analysis is applied to the commonly known E 7 mixture and to M L C 2132 , whose chromatic properties are not referenced although the mixture is commercial, demonstrating the latter’s interest for electro-optical or thermo-optical applications of thick nematic liquid crystal cells.

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Ishikawa, Aya, Kazuchika Ohta, and Mikio Yasutake. "Flying-seed-like liquid crystals 5: Liquid crystals based on octakisphenylthiophthalocyanine and their optical properties." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 19, no. 05 (May 2015): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424615500479.

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We have synthesized three novel flying-seed-like liquid crystals based on phthalocyaninato copper(II) (abbreviated as PcCu ) substituted by bulky groups {(o- C1) PhS (i), (m- C1) PhS (j), [m, p-( C1)2] PhS (k)} instead of using long alkyl chains, in order to investigate their mesomorphism. Their phase transition behavior and the mesophase structures have been established by using a polarizing optical microscope, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a temperature-dependent small angle X-ray diffractometer. As the results, [(o-C1)PhS]8PcCu (8i), [(m-C1)PhS]8PcCu (8j) and {[m,p-(C1)2]PhS}8PcCu (8k) show a Coltet.omesophase at 314.9~362.9 °C, a Colro(P2m) mesophase at 287.4~334.2°C and a Colro(P2m) mesophase at 331.8~386.8°C, respectively. Very interestingly, each of the derivatives thus exhibits a columnar mesophase at very high temperatures. The mesomorphism is apparently originated from the novel bulky groups (i~k). It is also noteworthy that the Q-bands of the present PhS-containing Pc derivatives 8i~8k in THF significantly red-shift by about 35 nm in comparison with those of the corresponding PhO-containing derivatives in THF.

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Ujiie, Seiji, Naoyuki Koide, and Kazuyoshi Iimura. "Structure of Polymer Liquid Crystals and Electro-Optical Properties." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Incorporating Nonlinear Optics 153, no. 1 (December 1987): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268948708074535.

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ORTEGA, J., C. L. FOLCIA, J. ETXEBARRIA, M. B. ROS, and J. A. MIGUEL. "Non-linear optical properties of metallorganic ferroelectric liquid crystals." Liquid Crystals 23, no. 2 (August 1997): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026782997208569.

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George, Mathew, and Suresh Das. "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Some Cholesterol Based Liquid Crystals." Chemistry Letters 28, no. 10 (October 1999): 1081–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1999.1081.

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Al-Ani, S. K. J., Y. Al-Ramadin, M. S. Ahmad, A. M. Zihlif, M. Volpe, M. Malineonico, E. Martuscelli, and G. Ragosta. "The optical properties of polymethylmethacrylate polymer dispersed liquid crystals." Polymer Testing 18, no. 8 (December 1999): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9418(98)00059-2.

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Kapustina, O. A., N. A. Kolesnikova, V. N. Reshetov, and O. V. Romanova. "Optical properties of acoustically induced domains in liquid crystals." Acoustical Physics 48, no. 5 (September 2002): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1507199.

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Ara, M. H. Majles, Z. Seidali, and S. H. Mousavi. "Electro-Optical Properties of Dye-Doped Nematic Liquid Crystals." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 526, no. 1 (August 23, 2010): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2010.485531.

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Nagappa, J. Mahadeva, R. Somashekar, C. V. Yalemaggad, G. Umesh, and K. B. Manjunatha. "Non Linear Optical Properties of Banana Shaped Liquid Crystals." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 540, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2011.568341.

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