Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquid dielectrics. Liquids

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Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid dielectrics. Liquids'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid dielectrics. Liquids"

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Barman, Jitesh, Wan Shao, Biao Tang, Dong Yuan, Jan Groenewold, and Guofu Zhou. "Wettability Manipulation by Interface-Localized Liquid Dielectrophoresis: Fundamentals and Applications." Micromachines 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10050329.

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Electric field-based smart wetting manipulation is one of the extensively used techniques in modern surface science and engineering, especially in microfluidics and optofluidics applications. Liquid dielectrophoresis (LDEP) is a technique involving the manipulation of dielectric liquid motion via the polarization effect using a non-homogeneous electric field. The LDEP technique was mainly dedicated to the actuation of dielectric and aqueous liquids in microfluidics systems. Recently, a new concept called dielectrowetting was demonstrated by which the wettability of a dielectric liquid droplet can be reversibly manipulated via a highly localized LDEP force at the three-phase contact line of the droplet. Although dielectrowetting is principally very different from electrowetting on dielectrics (EWOD), it has the capability to spread a dielectric droplet into a thin liquid film with the application of sufficiently high voltage, overcoming the contact-angle saturation encountered in EWOD. The strength of dielectrowetting depends on the ratio of the penetration depth of the electric field inside the dielectric liquid and the difference between the dielectric constants of the liquid and its ambient medium. Since the introduction of the dielectrowetting technique, significant progress in the field encompassing various real-life applications was demonstrated in recent decades. In this paper, we review and discuss the governing forces and basic principles of LDEP, the mechanism of interface localization of LDEP for dielectrowetting, related phenomenon, and their recent applications, with an outlook on the future research.
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Wang, Zhao Hui, Zhen Fang Liao, and Quan Jie Gao. "Research on the Effects of Atomization on Different Liquid Dielectrics in a High Voltage Electrostatic Field." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1306.

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The movements of liquids in the jet area, the transient area and the atomization area were analyzed in a high voltage electrostatic field and the parenchyma of charged liquid drops atomization in these areas were discussed. Experimental equipment, by which the high voltage electrostatic field can be built, has been designed, and the atomization processes of kerosene, emulsifier and alcohol in a high voltage electrostatic field have been studied. The results show that a threshold voltage is needed in order to break up the liquid drops. The lower surface tension and the lower viscous force of liquid, and the higher electrical conductivity ratio, correspond with better electrostatic atomization effects. For kerosene, emulsifier and alcohol, the best atomization effects have been achieved at 40kV, 10kV and 25kV respectively.
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Tabassum, Shagufta, and V. P. Pawar. "Complex permittivity spectra of binary polar liquids using time domain reflectometry." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 08, no. 03 (June 2018): 1850019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x18500194.

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The study of complex properties in a binary mixture of polar liquids has been carried out in the frequency range of 10[Formula: see text]MHz to 30 GHz at 293[Formula: see text]K and 298[Formula: see text]K temperatures using time domain reflectometry. The complex properties of polar liquids in binary mixture give information about the frequency dispersion in the dielectric permittivity ([Formula: see text]) and dielectric loss ([Formula: see text]). The information regarding the orientation of electric dipoles in a polar liquid mixture is given by Kirkwood parameters. The Bruggeman parameters are used as the indicator of liquid1 and liquid2 interaction. Molar entropy ([Formula: see text]) and molar enthalpy ([Formula: see text]) are also discussed at the end of the paper.
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Lee, T. Y. Tom, Mali Mahalingam, and Peter J. C. Normington. "Subcooled Pool Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Dielectric Liquid Mixtures." Journal of Electronic Packaging 115, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909294.

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The beneficial effect of using dielectric liquid mixture in reducing temperature overshoot in pool boiling has been studied by the authors (Normington et al., 1992). The current experimental work addresses the influence of mixtures of dielectric liquids on the critical heat flux (CHF) in pool boiling. Two families of dielectric liquids were evaluated: perfluorocarbon liquids and perfluoropolyether liquids. Each set of the family consisted of two liquids with boiling points ranging from 80°C−110°C. Both 100 percent of each liquid and mixtures of two liquids were tested. Video filming was used along with electronic data collection. The perfluoropolyether liquids showed an increase in CHF as more high boiling liquid was added to the mixture, while the perfluorocarbon liquids had a constant CHF for all mixtures.
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Danikas, M. "Bubbles in Insulating Liquids: A Short Review." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 4870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3009.

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This paper deals with the influence of bubbles in insulating liquids and their role in liquid breakdown. Bubbles play a deleterious role in the dielectric strength of insulating liquids. Depending on their shape and localized electric field, bubbles may significantly lower the dielectric strength of insulating liquids. The present paper offers a short review – albeit incomplete – on the role of bubbles and tries to elucidate their relation to the total breakdown of dielectric liquids. It also proposes some further fields of research.
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LAC, ETIENNE, and G. M. HOMSY. "Axisymmetric deformation and stability of a viscous drop in a steady electric field." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 590 (October 15, 2007): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007007999.

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We consider a neutrally buoyant and initially uncharged drop in a second liquid subjected to a uniform electric field. Both liquids are taken to be leaky dielectrics. The jump in electrical properties creates an electric stress balanced by hydrodynamic and capillary stresses. Assuming creeping flow conditions and axisymmetry of the problem, the electric and flow fields are solved numerically withboundary integral techniques. The system is characterized by the physical property ratios R (resistivities), Q (permitivities) and λ (dynamic viscosities). Depending on these parameters, the drop deforms into a prolate or an oblate spheroid. The relative importance of the electric stress and of the drop/medium interfacial tension is measured by the dimensionless electric capillary number, Cae. For λ = 1, we present a survey of the various behaviours obtained for a wide range of R and Q. We delineate regions in the (R,Q)-plane in which the drop either attains a steady shape under any field strength or reaches a fold-point instability past a critical Cae. We identify the latter with linear instability of the steady shape to axisymmetric disturbances. Various break-up modes are identified, as well as more complex behaviours such as bifurcations and transition from unstable to stable solution branches. We also show how the viscosity contrast can stabilize the drop or advance break-up in the different situations encountered for λ = 1.
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Monder, Hila, Leo Bielenki, Hanna Dodiuk, Anna Dotan, and Samuel Kenig. "Poly (Dimethylsiloxane) Coating for Repellency of Polar and Non-Polar Liquids." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102423.

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The wettability of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating on plasma-treated glass was studied at room temperature using polar and non-polar liquids. The wettability was investigated regarding the liquids’ surface tensions (STs), dielectric constants (DCs) and solubility parameters (SPs). For polar liquids, the contact angle (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) are controlled by the DCs and non-polar liquids by the liquids’ STs. Solubility parameter difference between the PDMS and the liquids demonstrated that non-polar liquids possessed lower CAH. An empirical model that integrates the interfacial properties of liquid/PDMS has been composed. Accordingly, the difference between the SPs of PDMS and the liquid is the decisive factor affecting CAH, followed by the differences in DCs and STs. Moreover, the interaction between the DCs and the SPs is of importance to minimize CAH. It has been concluded that CAH, and not CA, is the decisive attribute for liquid repellency of PDMS coating.
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Danikas, M., R. Sarathi, G. E. Vardakis, and S. Morsalin. "Dealing with the Size Effect in Insulating Liquids. A Volume Effect, an Area Effect or even a Particle Effect?" Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 6231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3742.

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Insulating liquids play an important role as insulating media in various high voltage applications and infrastructure installations. The dielectric strength of an insulating liquid depends on the experimental conditions (in case of laboratory testing) and/or the service conditions (in case of apparatuses in service). One of the main factors affecting the dielectric strength of insulating liquids is the so-called size effect, i.e. the effect of the size of the electrodes, of the size of the liquid volume under stress and of the gap spacing between the electrodes. All the aforementioned parameters are investigated in the context of the present short review.
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ZHOLKOVSKIJ, EMILIJ K., JACOB H. MASLIYAH, and JAN CZARNECKI. "An electrokinetic model of drop deformation in an electric field." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 472 (November 30, 2002): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002001441.

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An electrokinetic model is proposed to describe a slight drop deformation which is induced by a weak external electric field. The fluids forming the system are considered Newtonian incompressible dielectric liquids containing free electric charge carriers. According to the model, the charge carriers take part in migration, diffusion and convection transport and there is no solute adsorption at the interface. Thermodynamic quasi-equilibrium at the interface is assumed for the charge carriers in the contacting liquids. The interfacial thermodynamic equilibrium is described using a common distribution coefficient for all the carriers. The problem is simplified by assuming equal diffusion coefficients for the different charge carriers within the same liquid. An analytical expression is obtained for slight drop deformation which is proportional to the second power of the applied field strength magnitude. The expression derived represents the drop deformation as a function of the parameters employed in previous theories (O’Konski & Thacher 1953; Allan & Mason 1962; Taylor 1966) as well as two additional parameters. The additional parameters are the ratios of the drop radius to the Debye lengths of the outer and inner liquids, respectively. The expression obtained for the drop deformation is valid for arbitrary values of these parameters. According to the theory prediction, with an increase in the drop radius, the drop deformation monotonically changes from that obtained by O’Konski & Thacher (1953) and Allan & Mason (1962) for perfect dielectric liquids to that obtained by Taylor (1966) for leaky dielectric liquids. Two simplified versions of the general expression are suggested to describe particular cases of a conducting drop in a perfect dielectric liquid and of a perfect dielectric drop in a conducting liquid.
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Karuppuswami, Saranraj, Saikat Mondal, Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali, and Premjeet Chahal. "A Reusable 3D Printed Cavity Resonator for Liquid Sample Characterization." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 000389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000389.

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Abstract In this paper, additive manufacturing (3D printing) is used to fabricate and demonstrate a reusable microfluidic coupled rectangular cavity resonator for characterizing liquids in small volumes. The designed cavity operates in the fundamental TE101 mode and resonates at 4.12 GHz. The resonance of the cavity is perturbed by the sample placed in a small volume sample holder through a slot in the top cover. Two different perturbation configurations are investigated: i) strongly coupled (liquids with low to medium dielectric constants), and ii) weakly coupled (liquids with medium to high dielectric constant). The sample holder is loaded with different solvents and the shift in the resonance frequency is monitored. Based on these changes, the dielectric constant of the solvent is theoretically estimated and compared to standard values. The reusable liquid sensor holds significant potential in identifying and quantifying unknown liquid samples in the supply chain.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid dielectrics. Liquids"

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Williams, M. L. "Computer simulation of liquids inside microscopic spherical cavities." Thesis, University of Kent, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378359.

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Duong, Danny. "The complex dielectric properties of aqueous ammonia from 2 GHz - 8.5 GHz in support of the NASA Juno mission." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42891.

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A new model for the complex dielectric constant, ε, of aqueous ammonia (NH4OH) has been developed based on laboratory measurements in the frequency range between 2-8.5 GHz for ammonia concentrations of 0-8.5 %NH3/volume and temperatures between 277-297 K. The new model has been validated for temperatures up to 313 K, but may be consistently extrapolated up to 475 K and ammonia concentrations up to 20 %NH3/volume. The model fits 60.26 % of all laboratory measurements within 2σ uncertainty. The new model is identical to the Meissner and Wentz (2004) model of the complex dielectric constant of pure water, but it contains a correction for dissolved ammonia. A description of the experimental setups, uncertainties associated with the laboratory measurements, the model fitting process, the new model, and its application to approximating jovian cloud opacity for NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter are provided.
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Sidambarompoulé, Xavier. "Étude expérimentale et numérique sur l'utilisation d'un stimulus thermique pour la mesure de charges d'espace dans des liquides diélectriques. Application à la Double Couche Électrique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS120.

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Les charges électriques présentes naturellement aux interfaces liquide/solide ou qui se développent dans les liquides de façon contrôlée ou non-désirée sont sources, d’une part, de nombreuses applications (micro-pompages, laboratoires sur puce, super-condensateurs…), et d’autre part de risques industriels (inflammations, explosions…). Ceci nécessite une quantification aussi précise que possible des valeurs et des répartitions de ces charges dans les milieux diélectriques liquides. Les techniques de mesure actuelles sont soit non-résolutives, les réponses mesurées sur l’ensemble de l’éprouvette permettant de déduire des informations sur les charges et les processus associés de manière indirecte (au travers de modèles), soit limitées en termes de sensibilité et/ou de résolution. Par exemple, le modèle de la double couche électrique, proposé par Stern en 1924 et complètement accepté par la communauté scientifique depuis, n’a encore jamais été confirmé expérimentalement, notamment en raison du manque de résolution et de sensibilité des méthodes existantes.Plusieurs techniques ont été développées depuis 1980 pour mesurer de façon directe et non-destructive les charges électriques dans les isolants solides. Parmi ces méthodes, celles basées sur l’application de stimuli thermiques de faible amplitude ont montré les meilleures sensibilités et les meilleures performances pour la mesure des charges près des interfaces. L’application de ces techniques aux liquides est une voie de recherche à explorer afin de répondre aux questionnements scientifiques et applicatifs évoqués. Ce travail étudie, aussi bien du point de vue théorique qu’expérimental, l’application du principe de l’onde thermique à la mesure de charges électriques dans les liquides isolants. La double couche électrique, qui s’établit au niveau des parois liquide/solide, est utilisée comme objet d’étude. Plusieurs liquides diélectriques sont concernés : cyclohexane à l’état liquide et solide, huile minérale pure et additivée et huile silicone.À travers des simulations numériques, les réponses électriques susceptibles d’être issus de l’application de stimuli thermiques de quelques degrés à des liquides isolants sont calculées, en considérant la couche diffuse présente à l’interface avec les parois. L’influence de différents paramètres de la double couche électrique sur les signaux simulés est étudiée. Les effets de la thermo-convection sont quantifiés en particulier et des critères permettant de les identifier dans les réponses électriques sont établis.Des résultats expérimentaux, obtenus avec une installation de mesure conçue et réalisée spécialement pour les liquides, montrent que les réponses issues de l’application d’onde thermique de faibles amplitudes à des liquides isolants sont bien mesurables. Leur analyse détaillée permet de conclure que ces réponses proviennent bien des charges de la double couche électrique. La contribution probable aux signaux mesurés non seulement de la couche diffuse, mais également de la couche compacte, est mise en évidence. Les résultats permettent de conclure que les méthodes à stimuli thermique sont applicables aux liquides diélectriques. La poursuite de leur développement devrait aboutir à des mises en œuvres expérimentales avec des résolutions et des sensibilités adaptées à l’étude des charges et des champs électriques aux interfaces et dans le volume de ces matériaux
The electrical charges naturally present at liquid/solid interfaces or which develop in liquids in a controlled or undesired way are at the origin both of numerous applications (micro-pumps, lab-on-a-chip, super-capacitors) and of industrial risks (inflammations, explosions). This requires the most precise possible quantification of the values and distributions of these charges in liquid dielectric media. The present measurement techniques are either non-resolutive, as the responses measured on the entire specimen allow to deduce information about the charges and the associated processes indirectly (through models), or limited in terms of sensitivity and resolution. For example, the electrical double layer model, proposed by Stern in 1924 and fully accepted by the scientific community since then, has not been confirmed experimentally yet, in particular due to the lack of resolution and sensitivity of the existing methods.Several techniques have been developed since 1980 to measure directly and non-destructively the electrical charges in solid insulators. Among these methods, those based on the application of low-amplitude thermal stimuli have shown high sensitivity and performance for the measurement of loads near interfaces. The application of these techniques to liquids is a research path to be explored in order to answer the above scientific and applicative questions. This work studies, both from theoretical and experimental points of view, the application of the thermal step principle to the measurement of electrical charges in insulating liquids. The electrical double layer, which sets up at the level of the liquid/solid walls, is used as object of the study. Several dielectric liquids are concerned: cyclohexane in liquid and solid state, pure and additive mineral oil and silicone oil.Through numerical simulations, electrical responses expected from the application of thermal stimuli of several degrees to insulating liquids are calculated, considering the diffuse layer present at the interface with the walls. The influence of different parameters of the electrical double layer on the simulated signals is studied. In particular, the effects of thermo-convection are quantified and criteria to identify them in the electrical responses are established.Experimental results, obtained with a measuring installation designed and built specifically for liquids, prove that the responses resulting from the application of low-amplitude thermal steps to insulating liquids are well measurable. Their detailed analysis leads to the conclusion that these responses are indeed due to charges from the electrical double layer. The probable contribution to the measured signals not only of the diffuse layer, but also of the compact layer, is highlighted. The results allow to conclude that thermal stimuli methods are applicable to dielectric liquids. Their further development should lead to experimental implementations with resolutions and sensitivities adapted to the study of electric charges and fields at the interfaces and in the volume of these materials
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Watts, Frank. "The effect of electrical potential on mass transfer in liquid-liquid extraction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10283.

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Amare, T. "Electromagnetic flowmeter for dielectric liquids." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7116.

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Experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of an electromagnetic flowmeter designed for use with dielectric liquids has been carried out. An extensive survey of the industrial users of flowmeters has been made, involving the participation of over 47 companies, which provides information about the current industrial use, attitudes and attributes of electromagnetic and other types of flowmeters. The design of the flowmeter is mainly concerned with overcoming the charge noise that is associated with the flow of dielectric liquids so as to effectively detect the weak flow signal. It is shown that the working of the flowmeter depends heavily on the design of the eddy current free electrostatic shield. The result of the mathematical analysis of the design is a simplified formula for predicting the sensitivity of the meter. It is adjusted to take account of such factors as end-effects and electrical properties of the flow conduit of the meter. Experimental results show that not only an induction flowmeter based on Faraday's principle is possible but also the measured values of the flow signal closely matches those obtained from the formula. It is suggested that the formula can be generalised to include moderately conducting liquids which is supported by results achieved from experiments on water. Finally, recommendations for future work are put forward for further improvement of the design.
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Gasworth, Steven Marc. "Electrification by liquid dielectric flow." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27938.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Steven Marc Gasworth.
Ph.D.
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Segovia, Mera Alejandro. "Effets de la dispersion de nanoparticules dans un cristal liquide ferroélectrique sur les propriétés ferroélectriques et de relaxations diélectriques." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0461/document.

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Ces travaux de thèse ont porté sur des matériaux constitués de dispersions de particules colloïdales nanométriques, issues d'un matériau ferroélectrique, dans un cristal liquide chiral à phase smectique ferroélectrique. Ils ont pour but d'étudier les effets occasionnés par ces dispersions sur les propriétés du nanocolloïde, notamment celles liées à leur ferroélectricité. Cette étude a montré que les comportements mésomorphes et ferroélectriques de ces matériaux sont conservés. Une baisse de polarisation spontanée ainsi qu'un recul des températures des transitions ont été mis en évidence pour des faibles concentrations en NPs. Une "transition" de ces comportements a été observée pour une concentration critique au-delà de laquelle les particules s'agrègent pour former des amas au sein du milieu cristal liquide. Nous nous sommes intéressés ensuite à deux modes de relaxation diélectriques. Le premier lié aux mouvements de distorsions de l'hélice dans la phase ferroélectrique, le second aux mouvements de compression des couches smectiques de part et d'autre de la transition ferroélectrique-paraélectrique. Les comportements observés semblent être gouvernés par les modifications des propriétés visco-élastiques des nanocolloïdes, occasionnés par l'intercalation des nanoparticules entre les couches smectiques
The present thesis work concerns materials made of dispersions of nanometric colloidal particles, from a bulk ferroelectric material, dispersed within a chiral smectic phase of a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The goal of this work is to study the effect of the dispersed nanoparticles over the nanocolloïd properties, specially the ones related to ferroelectricity. This study showed no change over mesomorphic and ferroelectric behavior of the materials. A decrease in spontaneous polarization and phase transition temperatures was found for low nanoparticle concentrations. A "transition" of these behaviors was observed for a critical concentration, beyond which, nanoparticles aggregate and form clusters inside the liquid crystal matrix. Afterwards, we have studied two dielectric relaxation modes. The first one related to distorsions of the helix in the ferroelectric phase and the second one to the compression movements of the smectic layers around the ferroelectric-paralectric transition. The observed behaviors seem to be due to modifications of the visco-elastic properties of nanocolloids, produced by intercalation of nanoparticles between the smectic layers
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Houachtia, Afef. "Dielectric investigations on attograms and zeptograms of matter." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI006/document.

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Les recherches sur des attogrammes (1 attogramme = 10 -18 gramme) et zeptogrammes (1 zeptogramme = 10-21 gramme) de matière offrent la possibilité de mettre en évidence la transition entre la nanoscience et la physique des molécules, ouvrant la porte à des questions fondamentales en physique de la matière molle, comme par exemple ‘’Quelle est la quantité minimale de matière nécessaire pour ‘‘définir’’ les propriétés des matériaux ?’’. Les propriétés électriques et diélectriques des matériaux, à cette échelle, sont étudiées par la spectroscopie diélectrique. Cette technique offre une large gamme de fréquence, pour mesurer les propriétés diélectriques des matériaux, couvrant plus de 10 ordres de grandeur et allant de 10-3 à 10+7 Hz. Cette technique assure une caractérisation précise d’une grande diversité des phénomènes physiques qui se déroulent à des échelles de longueur et de temps différents, tels que: les transitions des phases, les fluctuations de densité, les fluctuations moléculaires, le transport des charges, etc. Les mesures à l’échelle des attogrammes et zeptogrammes nécessitent l’utilisation des cellules ayant des dimensions nanométriques. Basé sur le concept d’utiliser des nano-conteneurs comme des cellules expérimentales, un développement expérimental a été mis en évidence, dans cette thèse, permettant d’étudier la dynamique moléculaire et les transitions des phases des matériaux polymères, allant jusqu’au zeptogrammes de matière. Cette approche permet de cristalliser des très petites quantités des matériaux sous l’application d’un champ électrique élevé, dans le but d’induire une cohérence macroscopique des fonctions moléculaires. Cela peut donner lieu à des nouvelles propriétés des matériaux, qui n’existent pas dans le cas des matériaux en masse
Dielectric investigations on attograms (1 attogram = 10 -18 gram) and zeptograms of matter (1 zeptogram = 10 -21 gram) offer the possibility of exploring the transition between nanoscience and molecule physics, opening the door for fundamental questions in soft-matter physics, such as for instance “What is the minimum amount of matter necessary to “define” the material properties?”. The electric and dielectric properties of materials at this level are investigated by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. This technique provides an extraordinary broad frequency range, for measuring dielectric properties of matter, covering more than 10 orders of magnitude, typically from 10-3 to 10+7Hz. It ensures a precise characterization of large diversity of physical phenomena taking place at different length and time scales such as: phase transitions, density fluctuations, molecular fluctuations, charge transport processes, etc. Measurements on the scale of attograms and zeptograms require sample cells having all three dimensions on the nanometric length-scale. Based on the concept of employing nanocontainers as experimental cells, a novel experimental development allowing investigations on molecular dynamics and phase transitions of polymeric materials down to the level of zeptograms is demonstrated in the present PhD study. This approach enables one to crystallize tiny amounts of matter under high electric fields with the goal of inducing a macroscopic coherence of molecular functionalities. This could give rise to new material properties, not naturally available in the case of bulk materials
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Zhang, Xuewei. "Keer electro-optic measurements in liquid dielectrics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91035.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Kerr electro-optic technique has been used to measure the electric field distribution in high voltage stressed dielectric liquids, where the difference between refractive indices for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the local electric field is a function of the electric field intensity. For transformer oil, the most widely-used insulating liquids in power apparatus and high voltage technology, Kerr effect is very weak due to its low Kerr constant. Previous Kerr measurements have been using ac modulation technique, which is only applicable to dc steady-state electric field mapping while various instabilities develop in liquid under long-term high voltage application. The use of the high-sensitivity CCD camera as optical detector makes it possible to capture the weak Kerr effect in high voltage stressed transformer oil. The first part of this thesis is to demonstrate the reliability and evaluate the sensitivity of the measurements for various cases with identical electrodes under pulsed excitation with insignificant flow effects. After the validation and optimization of the experimental setup, measurements are taken to record the time evolution of electric field distributions in transformer oil stressed by high voltage pulses, from which the dynamics of space charge development can be obtained. Correlation between space charge distribution pattern and impulse breakdown voltage is examined. Hypothetically, bipolar homo-charge injection with reduced electric field at both electrodes may allow higher voltage operation without insulation failure, since electrical breakdown usually initiates at the electrode-dielectric interfaces. It is shown that the hypothesis is testable and correct only under specific circumstances. Besides, fractal-like kinetics for electrode charge injection is identified from the measurement data, which enriches the knowledge on ionic conduction in liquids by offering an experimentally-determined boundary condition to the numerical model. Physical mechanisms based on formative steps of adsorption-reaction-desorption reveal possible connections between geometrical characteristics of electrode surfaces and fractal-like kinetics of charge injection. The second part of this thesis focuses on the fluctuations in the detected light intensity in Kerr measurements. Up to now, within an experimentally-determined valid range of high voltage pulse duration, the strategy to reduce fluctuation has been taking multiple measurements and then averaging the results. For very short impulses, it is found that the light intensities near the rough surfaces of electrodes both fluctuate in repeated measurements and vary spatially in a single measurement. The major cause is electrostriction which brings disturbances into optical detection. The calculated spatial variation has a strong nonlinear dependence on the applied voltage, which generates a precursory indicator of the electrical breakdown initiation. This result may have potential applications in non-destructive breakdown test and inclusion detection in dielectric liquids. When the applied voltage is dc or ac, signatures of turbulent electroconvection in transformer oil are identified from the Kerr measurement data. It is found that when the applied dc voltage is high enough, compared with the results in the absence of high voltage, the optical scintillation index and image entropy exhibit substantial enhancement and reduction respectively, which are interpreted as temporal and spatial signatures of turbulence. Under low-frequency ac high voltages, spectral and correlation analyses also indicate that there exist interacting flow and charge processes in the gap. This also clarifies the meaning of dc steady state and the requirement on ac modulation frequency in Kerr measurements.
by Xuewei Zhang.
Ph. D.
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Mellor, Brett Lee. "Liquid Dielectric Spectroscopy and Protein Simulation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3661.

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Protein electrical properties have been studied using dielectric relaxation measurements throughout the past century. These measurements have advanced both the theory and practice of liquid dielectric spectroscopy and have contributed to understanding of protein structure and function. In this dissertation, the relationship between permittivity measurements and underlying molecular mechanisms is explored. Also presented is a method to take molecular structures from the Protein Data Bank and subsequently estimate the charge distribution and dielectric relaxation properties of the proteins in solution. This process enables screening of target compounds for analysis by dielectric spectroscopy as well as better interpretation of protein relaxation data. For charge estimation, the shifted pKa values for amino acid residues are calculated using Poisson-Boltzmann solutions of the protein electrostatics over varying pH conditions. The estimated internal permittivity and estimated dipole moments through shifted pKa values are then calculated. Molecular dynamics simulations are additionally used to refine and approximate the solution-state conformation of the proteins. These calculations and simulations are verified with laboratory experiments over a large pH and frequency range (40 Hz to 110 MHz). The measurement apparatus is improved over previous designs by controlling temperature and limiting the electrode polarization effect through electrode surface preparation and adjustment of the cell's physical dimensions. The techniques developed in this dissertation can be used to analyze a wide variety of molecular phenomena experimentally and computationally, as demonstrated through various interactions amongst avidin, biotin, biotin-labeled and unlabeled bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and hen-lysozyme.
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Books on the topic "Liquid dielectrics. Liquids"

1

Liquid state electronics of insulating liquids. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997.

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International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids (11th 1993 Dättwil, Switzerland). Proceedings: 1993 IEEE 11th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), Baden-Dättwil, Switzerland, July 19-23, 1993. [New York]: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 1993.

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International, Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids (12th 1996 Rome Italy). ICDL'96: 12th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids. New York: IEEE, 1996.

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France) International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (16th 2008 Poitiers. 16th IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids: ICDL 2008, Poitiers, France, June 30th - July 3rd, 2008. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 2008.

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ICDL 2002 (2002 Graz, Austria). Proceedings of 2002 IEEE 14th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids : ICDL 2002: Graz, Austria, July 7-12, 2002. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 2002.

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International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids (12th 1996 Rome, Italy). Proceedings: 1996 IEEE 12th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids, Rome, Italy, July 15-19, 1996. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996.

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International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids (10th 1990 Grenoble, France). Conference record: Tenth International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids, Grenoble, France, 10-14 September 1990. [New York]: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1990.

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Madelung, O., ed. Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b44266.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures. Edited by M. D. Lechner. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48168-4.

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IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society., ed. Proceedings of 1999 IEEE 13th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL '99): Nara-ken New Public Hall, Nara, Japan, July 20-25, 1999. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid dielectrics. Liquids"

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Isihara, Akira. "Dielectric Function." In Electron Liquids, 21–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80392-5_2.

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Isihara, Akira. "Dielectric Function." In Electron Liquids, 21–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97303-1_2.

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Strehmel, Veronika. "Introduction to Ionic Liquids." In Advances in Dielectrics, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32489-0_1.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Static dielectric constant of ethylamine." In Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48168-4_27.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Static dielectric constant of tetrahydrofuran." In Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48168-4_58.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Static dielectric constant of diethanolamine." In Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48168-4_82.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Static dielectric constant of butanenitrile." In Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48168-4_54.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Static dielectric constant of morpholine." In Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48168-4_65.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Static dielectric constant of diethylsulfoxide." In Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48168-4_70.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Static dielectric constant of butylamine." In Static Dielectric Constants of Pure Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48168-4_78.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid dielectrics. Liquids"

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Stevens, G. C., H. Herman, N. Freebody, I. L. Hosier, and A. S. Vaughan. "Chemometrics in the study of liquid dielectrics." In 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2017.8124653.

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Smith, G. M., A. S. Holmes-Smith, and S. G. McMeekin. "FTIR-Spectroscopic and Electrical Analysis of Thermally Stressed Liquid Dielectrics." In 2019 IEEE 20th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2019.8796742.

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Dikarev, Borys, Genadii Karasev, Serhii Sokolovsky, and Oleksii Karasev. "Space Charge Effect On The Electrophysical Characteristics Of Liquid Dielectrics." In 2019 IEEE 20th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2019.8796821.

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Babuder, Maks, Ivo Kobal, Tim Gradnik, Maja Koncan-Gradnik, and Carl Wolmarans. "Non-standard PD inception voltage testing of liquid dielectrics used in transformers." In 2019 IEEE 20th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2019.8796592.

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Chirkov, V. A., Yu K. Stishkov, and A. A. Sitnikov. "Integral electric current characteristics of unsteady-state processes of current passage through liquid dielectrics." In 2014 IEEE 18th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2014.6893113.

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Tran, T. N., P. L. Lewin, D. J. Swaffield, and J. S. Wilkinson. "Studies on the applicability of the Pockels technique to measure surface discharge in liquid dielectrics." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2008.4622465.

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Moulai, H., A. Nacer, and A. Beroual. "Correlation between current, emitted light, electric field and propagation velocity of positive streamers in liquid dielectrics under AC voltage." In 2011 IEEE 17th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2011.6015473.

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Chen, Qiulin, Wenxia Sima, Potao Sun, Qing Yang, Lian Ye, and Yonglai Liu. "Space charge distribution measurement in liquid dielectrics subjected to impulsive high voltage based on time-continuous kerr electro-optic field mapping measurement." In 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2017.8124611.

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Drozd-Rzoska, Aleksandra, Sylwester J. Rzoska, and Jerzy Ziolo. "Critical behavior of dielectric permittivity and nonlinear dielectric effect in the isotropic phase of nematogens." In Liquid Crystals, edited by Jolanta Rutkowska, Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, Jerzy Zielinski, and Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.299973.

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Yoshino, K., R. Ozaki, and H. Moritake. "Properties of liquids, liquid crystals, ionic liquids and ionic liquid crystals in thin cells studied using shear horizontal wave propagation." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2008.4622458.

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Reports on the topic "Liquid dielectrics. Liquids"

1

Marcus, R. A. Reorganization Free Energy for Electron Transfers at Liquid-Liquid and Dielectric Semiconductor-Liquid Interfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada212985.

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L. E. Lagos and M. A. Ebadian. Dielectric Properties of Low-Level Liquid Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/932.

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Lavrentovich, Oleg. Electric field effects in liquid crystals with dielectric dispersion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164712.

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Christophorou, L. G. (Tenth international conference on conduction and breakdown in dielectric liquids). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6478469.

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Aleksandrov, Andrey F. Fundamental Investigations of Surface Discharges Over Dielectric Liquids for Ignition and Combustion of Fuels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada521422.

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Stafford, Robert B. Shielded open-circuited sample holders for dielectric and magnetic measurements of liquids and powders. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5001.

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