Journal articles: 'Liquid dielectrics'

1

Pompili, Massimo, and Luigi Calcara. "Liquid dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 27, no. 5 (October 2020): 1379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2020.009254.

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Tlhabologo, Bokang Agripa, Ravi Samikannu, and Modisa Mosalaosi. "Alternative liquid dielectrics in power transformer insulation: a review." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1761-1777.

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Transformer liquid dielectrics evolved where mineral oil has been the dominant choice until emergence of synthetic esters and natural esters. Natural ester-based oils have been under extensive investigations to enhance their properties for replacing petroleum-based mineral oil, which is non-biodegradable and has poor dielectric properties. This paper focuses on exposition of natural ester oil application in mixed transformer liquid dielectrics. Physical, chemical, electrical, and ageing characteristics of these dielectrics and the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) were reviewed. Physical properties include viscosity, pour point, flash and fire point which are vital indicators of heat insulation and fire risk. Chemical properties considered are water content, acid number, DGA, corrosive sulphur, and sludge content to limit and detect degradation and corrosion due to oil ageing. Electrical properties including breakdown voltage were considered for consistent insulation during overload and fault conditions. These properties of evolving alternative dielectrics were reviewed based on ASTM International standards and International Electro technical Commission standards for acceptable transformer liquid dielectrics. This review paper was compiled to avail modern methodologies for both the industry and scholars, also providing the significance of using mixed dielectrics for power transformers as they are concluded to show superiority over non-mixed dielectrics.

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3

Yoshino, K. "Electrical Conduction and Dielectric Breakdown in Liquid Dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation EI-21, no. 6 (December 1986): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tei.1986.348992.

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4

Kam, Kevin, Brianne Tengan, Cody Hayashi, Richard Ordonez, and David Garmire. "Polar Organic Gate Dielectrics for Graphene Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensor Technology." Sensors 18, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092774.

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We have pioneered the use of liquid polar organic molecules as alternatives to rigid gate-dielectrics for the fabrication of graphene field-effect transistors. The unique high net dipole moment of various polar organic molecules allows for easy manipulation of graphene’s conductivity due to the formation of an electrical double layer with a high-capacitance at the liquid and graphene interface. Here, we compare the performances of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, propionamide, and valeramide as polar organic liquid dielectrics in graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs). We demonstrate improved performance for a GFET with a liquid dielectric comprised of DMSO with high electron and hole mobilities of 154.0 cm2/Vs and 154.6 cm2/Vs, respectively, and a Dirac voltage <5 V.

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Barman, Jitesh, Wan Shao, Biao Tang, Dong Yuan, Jan Groenewold, and Guofu Zhou. "Wettability Manipulation by Interface-Localized Liquid Dielectrophoresis: Fundamentals and Applications." Micromachines 10, no. 5 (May 16, 2019): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10050329.

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Electric field-based smart wetting manipulation is one of the extensively used techniques in modern surface science and engineering, especially in microfluidics and optofluidics applications. Liquid dielectrophoresis (LDEP) is a technique involving the manipulation of dielectric liquid motion via the polarization effect using a non-homogeneous electric field. The LDEP technique was mainly dedicated to the actuation of dielectric and aqueous liquids in microfluidics systems. Recently, a new concept called dielectrowetting was demonstrated by which the wettability of a dielectric liquid droplet can be reversibly manipulated via a highly localized LDEP force at the three-phase contact line of the droplet. Although dielectrowetting is principally very different from electrowetting on dielectrics (EWOD), it has the capability to spread a dielectric droplet into a thin liquid film with the application of sufficiently high voltage, overcoming the contact-angle saturation encountered in EWOD. The strength of dielectrowetting depends on the ratio of the penetration depth of the electric field inside the dielectric liquid and the difference between the dielectric constants of the liquid and its ambient medium. Since the introduction of the dielectrowetting technique, significant progress in the field encompassing various real-life applications was demonstrated in recent decades. In this paper, we review and discuss the governing forces and basic principles of LDEP, the mechanism of interface localization of LDEP for dielectrowetting, related phenomenon, and their recent applications, with an outlook on the future research.

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Zhakin, A. I. "Solvation effects in liquid dielectrics." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 51, no. 6 (November 2015): 540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375515060125.

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7

Lebedev, Yu A. "Microwave discharges in liquid dielectrics." Plasma Physics Reports 43, no. 6 (June 2017): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063780x17060101.

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8

Beroual, A., and R. Tobazeon. "Prebreakdown Phenomena in Liquid Dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation EI-21, no. 4 (August 1986): 613–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tei.1986.348967.

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9

Martin, D. R., and D. V. Matyushov. "Cavity field in liquid dielectrics." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 82, no. 1 (March 19, 2008): 16003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/82/16003.

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10

Martin, Daniel R., and Dmitry V. Matyushov. "Microscopic fields in liquid dielectrics." Journal of Chemical Physics 129, no. 17 (November 7, 2008): 174508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3006313.

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11

Kopeikina, T. V. "Application safety of silicone transformer fluid." Okhrana truda i tekhnika bezopasnosti na promyshlennykh predpriyatiyakh (Labor protection and safety procedure at the industrial enterprises), no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-4-2010-09.

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The article considers the effectiveness of using silicone transformer fluid as a cooling and dielectric liquid for filling oil transformers and other equipment for operation at very low and very high temperatures, and especially in cases where high thermal stability and the lowest value of heat generated during combustion are required. The directions of using this type of dielectric are given. The operational properties of silicone transformer fluid are considered. The conclusion is made about the feasibility of using a liquid dielectric based on the advantages of silicone transformer fluid in comparison with other types of dielectrics used in power transformers.

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12

Khalaf, Thamir H. "Simulations of the initiation and propagation of streamers in electrical discharges inside water at 3 mm length gap." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 16, no. 36 (October 1, 2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v16i36.41.

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This work is devoted to the modeling of streamer discharge, propagation in liquid dielectrics (water) gap using the bubble theory. This of the electrical discharge (streamer) propagating within a dielectric liquid subjected to a divergent electric field, using finite element method (in two dimensions). Solution of Laplace's equation governs the voltage and electric field distributions within the configuration, the electrode configuration a point (pin) - plane configuration, the plasma channels were followed, step to step. The results show that, the electrical discharge (streamer) indicates the breakdown voltage required for a 3mm atmospheric pressure dielectric liquid gap as 13 kV. Also, the electric potential and field distributions shown agreement with the streamer growth, according to the simulation development time.

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13

Dmitriev, M. S., M. V. Dyakonov, A. S. Guchkin, and R. A. Krasnokutskiy. "A Device for Measuring the Complex Dielectric Constant of Liquid Dielectrics." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 61, no. 3 (May 2018): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s002044121803020x.

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14

Safonov, V. V. "Microwave device for liquid dielectrics diagnostics." Radioelectronics and Communications Systems 53, no. 2 (February 2010): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0735272710020056.

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15

Grosu, F. P., M. K. Bologa, V. I. Leu, and Al M. Bologa. "Revisited electric decontamination of liquid dielectrics." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 48, no. 2 (March 2012): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375512020044.

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16

Zhakin, A. I. "Aggregation kinetics in nonpolar liquid dielectrics." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 51, no. 4 (June 2015): 354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106837551504016x.

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17

Gottardo, Stefano, Diederik S. Wiersma, and Willem L. Vos. "Liquid crystal infiltration of complex dielectrics." Physica B: Condensed Matter 338, no. 1-4 (October 2003): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(03)00476-9.

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18

Pompili, M., C. Mazzetti, and E. O. Forster. "Partial discharge distributions in liquid dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation 27, no. 1 (1992): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/14.123445.

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19

Jadidian, Jouya, Markus Zahn, Nils Lavesson, Ola Widlund, and Karl Borg. "Impulse breakdown delay in liquid dielectrics." Applied Physics Letters 100, no. 19 (May 7, 2012): 192910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4716464.

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20

Chiabrera, Alessandro, Angelo Morro, and Mauro Parodi. "High-field effects in liquid dielectrics." Ferroelectrics 76, no. 1 (December 1987): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198708016954.

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21

Zhakin, A. I. "Development of electroconvection in liquid dielectrics." Fluid Dynamics 24, no. 1 (1989): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01051474.

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22

Li, Jinfeng, and Daping Chu. "Liquid Crystal-Based Enclosed Coplanar Waveguide Phase Shifter for 54–66 GHz Applications." Crystals 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120650.

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A 0–10 V bias voltage-driven liquid crystal (LC) based 0°–180° continuously variable phase shifter was designed, fabricated, and measured with insertion loss less than −4 dB across the spectrum from 54 GHz to 66 GHz. The phase shifter was structured in an enclosed coplanar waveguide (ECPW) with LC as tunable dielectrics encapsulated by a unified ground plate in the design, which significantly reduced the instability due to floating effects and losses due to stray modes. By competing for spatial volume distribution of the millimeter-wave signal occupying lossy tunable dielectrics versus low-loss but non-tunable dielectrics, the ECPW’s geometry and materials are optimized to minimize the total of dielectric volumetric loss and metallic surface loss for a fixed phase-tuning range. The optimized LC-based ECPW was impedance matched with 1.85 mm connectors by the time domain reflectometry (TDR) method. Device fabrication featured the use of rolled annealed copper foil of lowest surface roughness with nickel-free gold-plating of optimal thickness. Measured from 54 GHz to 66 GHz, the phase shifter prototype presented a tangible improvement in phase shift effectiveness and signal-to-noise ratio, while exhibiting lower insertion and return losses, more ease of control, and high linearity as well as lower-cost fabrication as compared with up-to-date documentations targeting 60 GHz applications.

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23

Vincent, Gary. "A Guide to Testing Liquid Dielectrics In Simple Combination with Solid Dielectrics." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 3, no. 2 (March 1987): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.1987.290779.

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24

Filipović, D., P. Osmokrović, and Z. Ž. Lazarević. "Electro-Optical Kerr Effect in Liquid Dielectrics." Materials Science Forum 413 (September 2002): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.413.197.

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25

Zhakin, Anatolii I. "Ionic conductivity and complexation in liquid dielectrics." Physics-Uspekhi 46, no. 1 (January 31, 2003): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu2003v046n01abeh001141.

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26

Khalife, A., U. Pathak, and R. Richert. "Heating liquid dielectrics by time dependent fields." European Physical Journal B 83, no. 4 (October 2011): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2011-20599-5.

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27

Zhakin, Anatolii I. "Ionic conductivity and complexation in liquid dielectrics." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 173, no. 1 (2003): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0173.200301c.0051.

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28

Zhakin, Anatolii I. "Near'electrode and transient processes in liquid dielectrics." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 176, no. 3 (2006): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0176.200603d.0289.

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29

Wang, Yong, and Mohammed N. Afsar. "Measurement of complex permittivity of liquid dielectrics." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 34, no. 4 (July 19, 2002): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.10427.

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30

Seyedi, Salman, Daniel R. Martin, and Dmitry V. Matyushov. "Screening of Coulomb interactions in liquid dielectrics." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 31, no. 32 (May 28, 2019): 325101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ab1e6f.

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31

Shcherba, M. A. "ELECTRIC FIELD DURING TRANSIENT PROCESS OF CONFIGURATION CHANGING OF WATER MICRO-INCLUSIONS IN LIQUID DIELECTRICS." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2018, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2018.01.023.

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32

Chamakos, Nikolaos, Dionysios Sema, and Athanasios Papathanasiou. "Highlighting the Role of Dielectric Thickness and Surface Topography on Electrospreading Dynamics." Micromachines 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10020093.

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The electrospreading behavior of a liquid drop on a solid surface is of fundamental interest in many technological processes. Here we study the effect of the solid topography as well as the dielectric thickness on the dynamics of electrostatically-induced spreading by performing experiments and simulations. In particular, we use an efficient continuum-level modeling approach which accounts for the solid substrate and the electric field distribution coupled with the liquid interfacial shape. Although spreading dynamics depend on the solid surface topography, when voltage is applied electrospreading is independent of the geometric details of the substrate but highly depends on the solid dielectric thickness. In particular, electrospreading dynamics are accelerated with thicker dielectrics. The latter comes to be added to our recent work by Kavousanakis et al., Langmuir, 2018, which also highlights the key role of the dielectric thickness on electrowetting-related phenomena.

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33

Armstrong, T. R., and R. C. Buchanan. "Microstructural observations of flux-sintered barium titanate." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 832–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100145509.

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High permittivity materials are usually based on BaTiO3 and other Perovskite systems. Hetero-substitution of Ca, Pb, Zr, and Sn provide the necessary control in selection of suitable dielectric constants, temperature-resistance coefficients and dielectric losses. However, preparation of these materials require sintering temperatures in excess of 1300°C and often extended sintering times. Lower sintering temperatures are economically favorable and commercially important in monolithic capacitor fabrication, since they allow the use of base metal electrode systems such as Ni or Cu, replacing the more expensive Ag-Pd systems now employed. The approach has been to lower the sintering temperature of the dielectric by small additions of fluxing agents such as LiF and borates, which promote liquid phase sintering. By sintering in the presence of a liquid, densities approaching theoretical can be achieved at significantly reduced densification temperatures and times. With the electronic industries trend toward miniaturization, dielectrics with a high dielectric constant and low sintering temperature offer a significant advance in packaging density.

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34

Barannik, A. A., S. A. Vitusevich, I. А. Protsenko, М. S. Kharchenko, and Nikolay T. Cherpak. "RADIATION Q-FACTOR OF DIFFERENTSHAPE DIELECTRIC RESONATORS WITH TESTED CONDUCTORS AND LIQUID DIELECTRICS." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 75, no. 3 (2016): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v75.i3.50.

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35

Wang, Tong, Yu Mei Lu, Shu Qiang Xie, Shuang Shuang Hao, and H. Zhao. "Dry WEDM in Improving LS-WEDMed Surface Quality." Advanced Materials Research 53-54 (July 2008): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.53-54.387.

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Utilizing gas as the dielectric instead of dielectric liquid has enabled the development of dry wire electrical discharge machining (dry WEDM) technology for finishing cut. Experiment results showed that Low-Speed WEDM (LS-WEDM) in gas offers advantages such as better straightness, and shorter discharge gap. This paper studies on influence of different gas dielectrics, wire winding speed and pulse duration on the WEDMed surface quality (discharge gap, straightness, surface roughness, removal rate) in finishing. New attempt of applying dry WEDM as the 4th cut had been proved feasible in improving conventional multiple cut surface quality of LS-WEDM.

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36

Lyutikova, M. N., S. M. Korobeynikov, and A. A. Konovalov. "Electrophysical properties of mixtures of mineral oil and synthetic ester dielectric liquid." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 14, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2021-14-2-132-141.

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Power transformers are key equipment in power generation, transmission, and distribution systems. The reliability of power transformers is based on the performance of the insulation system, which includes solid cellulose insulation and a liquid dielectric. Modern power engineering requires liquid insulation to have excellent insulating properties, high fire resistance, and biodegradability. Mineral oil that has been in use for over 100 years does not meet certain requirements. Therefore, various methods of enhancing the insulating properties of the oil are currently being considered, including mixing it with other liquid dielectrics, which have excellent properties. Synthetic and natural esters are considered as alternative fluids.This article discusses the possibility of enhancing the insulating characteristics of mineral oil with a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons (for example, T-750 oil) by mixing it with synthetic ester Midel 7131. Assessment is given of insulating parameters of the resulting mixtures with an ester fraction in mineral oil from 0% to fifty%. The main characteristics of the mixtures are described, such as density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, dielectric loss tangent, relative dielectric permittivity, breakdown voltage, and moisture content. It is shown that with an increase in the proportion of ester, some parameters of the obtained insulating liquid improve (flash point, dielectric constant, breakdown voltage), while values of other parameters (density, kinematic viscosity, dielectric loss tangent) with an ester content of more than 10% in the mixture do not meet the requirements for mineral oils.

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37

Jadidian, Jouya, Markus Zahn, Nils Lavesson, Ola Widlund, and Karl Borg. "Surface flashover breakdown mechanisms on liquid immersed dielectrics." Applied Physics Letters 100, no. 17 (April 23, 2012): 172903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4705473.

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38

Masood, A., M. U. Zuberi, and E. Husain. "Breakdown strength of solid dielectrics in liquid nitrogen." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 15, no. 4 (August 2008): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2008.4591227.

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39

Beroual, A., M. Zahn, A. Badent, K. Kist, A. J. Schwabe, H. Yamashita, K. Yamazawa, M. Danikas, W. D. Chadband, and Y. Torshin. "Propagation and structure of streamers in liquid dielectrics." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 14, no. 2 (March 1998): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/57.662781.

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40

Elmezughi, Abdurrezagh S., and Wayne S. T. Rowe. "Liquid foam dielectrics for high frequency integratable antennas." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 11 (August 19, 2011): 2453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26345.

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41

Lehouidj, B., Y. Hadji, S. Sahra, A. Nacer, and H. Moulai. "Improved model of streamer propagation in liquid dielectrics." Contributions to Plasma Physics 59, no. 8 (July 1, 2019): e201800102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201800102.

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42

Pompili, Massimo, and Ray Bartnikas. "Call for papers - Special issue on liquid dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 21, no. 2 (April 2014): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2014.004596.

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43

Pompili, Massimo, and Luigi Calcara. "Call for papers: Special issue on liquid dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 24, no. 3 (June 2017): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2017.006733.

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44

Jun Qian, R. P. Joshi, K. H. Schoenbach, M. Laroussi, E. Schamiloglu, and C. G. Christodoulou. "Percolative model of electric breakdown in liquid dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 30, no. 5 (October 2002): 1931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2002.805401.

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45

Mariprasath, T., and V. Kirubakaran. "A critical review on the characteristics of alternating liquid dielectrics and feasibility study on pongamia pinnata oil as liquid dielectrics." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 65 (November 2016): 784–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.036.

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46

Barannik, A. A., I. A. Protsenko, M. S. Kharchenko, N. T. Cherpak, and S. A. Vitusevich. "Radiation Q-factor of different shape dielectric resonators with tested conductors and liquid dielectrics." RADIOFIZIKA I ELEKTRONIKA 20, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/rej2015.03.055.

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47

Grosu, F. P., and M. K. Bologa. "Electrification of weakly conducting liquid dielectrics: An alternative solution." Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry 47, no. 2 (April 2011): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068375511020050.

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48

Abrahamyan, Yu A., V. I. Serago, V. M. Aroutiounian, I. D. Anisimova, V. I. Stafeev, G. G. Karamian, G. A. Martoyan, and A. A. Mouradyan. "The efficiency of solar cells immersed in liquid dielectrics." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 73, no. 4 (August 2002): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(01)00220-3.

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49

Zhang, Hai-Feng, Xing-Liang Tian, Guo-Biao Liu, and Xin-Ru Kong. "A Gravity Tailored Broadband Metamaterial Absorber Containing Liquid Dielectrics." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 25827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2900314.

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50

Runde, M., N. Magnusson, O. Lillevik, G. Balog, and F. Schmidt. "Comparative tests of tape dielectrics impregnated with liquid nitrogen." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 13, no. 6 (December 2006): 1371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2006.258209.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid dielectrics'

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