Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid Drop Interaction'

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid Drop Interaction"

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AHMED, KAFEEL, DON McCALLUM, and DEREK F. SHELDON. "MULTIPHASE MICRO-DROP INTERACTION IN INKJET PRINTING OF 3D STRUCTURES FOR TACTILE MAPS." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 28n29 (2005): 1699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905010256.

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Ink-jet technology is a novel method for rapid deposition of accurately measured material with high precision. Consequently it has been used for applications such as, deposition of light emitting polymers and more recently for fabricating 3D objects and micro-mechanical structures. Ink-jet technology is also being applied to produce tactile maps for the visually impaired. The efficiency of the tactile maps, as outlined by psychophysical and cartographic studies of haptics, depends on its 3D features. To comprehend and control these features, detailed understanding of interaction amongst micro-
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Sivakumar, D., and B. N. Raghunandan. "Jet Interaction in Liquid-Liquid Coaxial Injectors." Journal of Fluids Engineering 118, no. 2 (1996): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817381.

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Interaction between two conical sheets of liquid formed by a coaxial swirl injector has been studied using water in the annular orifice and potassium permanganate solution in the inner orifice. Experiments using photographic techniques have been conducted to study the influence of the inner jet on outer conical sheet spray characteristics such as spray cone angle and break-up length. The core spray has a strong influence on the outer sheet when the pressure drop in the latter is low. This is attributed to the pressure variations caused by ejector effects. This paper also discusses the merging
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Zhong, Cheng, and Alexandra Komrakova. "Liquid drop breakup in homogeneous isotropic turbulence." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 29, no. 7 (2019): 2407–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-09-2018-0490.

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Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate the capabilities of a diffuse interface free energy lattice Boltzmann method to perform direct numerical simulations of liquid–liquid dispersions in a well-controlled turbulent environment. The goal of this research study is to develop numerical techniques that can visualize and quantify drop interaction with the turbulent vortices. The obtained information will be used for the development of sub-models of drop breakup for multi-scale simulations. Design/methodology/approach A pure binary liquid system is considered that is subject to fully developed stat
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Karpitschka, Stefan, Anupam Pandey, Luuk A. Lubbers, et al. "Liquid drops attract or repel by the inverted Cheerios effect." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 27 (2016): 7403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601411113.

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Solid particles floating at a liquid interface exhibit a long-ranged attraction mediated by surface tension. In the absence of bulk elasticity, this is the dominant lateral interaction of mechanical origin. Here, we show that an analogous long-range interaction occurs between adjacent droplets on solid substrates, which crucially relies on a combination of capillarity and bulk elasticity. We experimentally observe the interaction between droplets on soft gels and provide a theoretical framework that quantitatively predicts the interaction force between the droplets. Remarkably, we find that, a
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Alabuzhev, Alexey A., and Marina A. Pyankova. "Parametric instability of a single drop and an ensemble of drops under circular vibrations." ВЕСТНИК ПЕРМСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. ФИЗИКА, no. 3 (2022): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-3598-2022-3-56-65.

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This article discusses forced oscillations and parametric instability of a cylindrical drop and an ensemble of drops under circular vibrations. The drop is surrounded by an incompressible liquid of a different density and is sandwiched between two parallel plates. In equilibrium, the drop has the shape of a circular cylinder bounded in the axial direction by these plates. The dynamic and average shape of the drop is constructed. A system of amplitude equations for small perturbations of the forced oscillations is obtained and the parametric instability of the single drop is studied. By analogy
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Grashchenkov, S. I., and A. I. Grigoryev. "On the interaction forces between evaporating drops in charged liquid-drop systems." Fluid Dynamics 46, no. 3 (2011): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0015462811030100.

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SREENIVAS, K. R., P. K. DE, and JAYWANT H. ARAKERI. "Levitation of a drop over a film flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 380 (February 10, 1999): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098003486.

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A vertical jet of water impinging on a horizontal surface produces a radial film flow followed by a circular hydraulic jump. We report a phenomenon where fairly large (1 ml) drops of liquid levitate just upstream of the jump on a thin air layer between the drop and the film flow. We explain the phenomenon using lubrication theory. Bearing action both in the air film and the water film seems to be necessary to support large drops. Horizontal support is given to the drop by the hydraulic jump. A variety of drop shapes is observed depending on the volume of the drop and liquid properties. We show
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Zhuk, O. P., Y. A. Zhuk, and T. V. Klimchuk. "On interaction of liquid drops located in radiation field of the acoustic wave." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Physics and Mathematics, no. 1 (2023): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1812-5409.2023/1.8.

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Propagation of the plane acoustic wave along the center line of two liquid spherical drops placed into a space filled with another liquid is under investigation. An approach is elaborated to characterize the interaction between the liquid drops caused by the acoustic radiation forces that are the time-constant components of hydrodynamic forces acting upon the drops located in the outer liquid. Investigation of the acoustic radiation forces influencing the drops in the acoustic field is performed in the frame of two-step procedure. The first step comprises solution of the linear problem of inci
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Chu, Shigan, and Andrea Prosperetti. "Dissolution and growth of a multicomponent drop in an immiscible liquid." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 798 (June 10, 2016): 787–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.310.

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The mass flux at the surface of a drop in an immiscible host liquid is dictated by the composition of the drop surface. In a binary system, this composition is essentially constant in time and equals the solubility of the drop constituent in the host liquid. This situation has been treated in a classic study by Epstein and Plesset (J. Chem. Phys., vol. 18, 1950, pp. 1505–1509). The situation is very different for ternary and higher-order systems in which, due to the mutual interaction of the drop constituents, their concentration at the drop surface markedly differs from the respective solubil
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Lin, Eric Shen, Zhixiong Song, Jian Wern Ong, Hassan Ali Abid, Oi Wah Liew, and Tuck Wah Ng. "Brushed creation of liquid marbles." PeerJ Materials Science 4 (October 12, 2022): e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.24.

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A method where particulates are transferred via a cosmetic brush onto liquid drops created on a highly non-wetting substrate with a hole to generate talc and graphite liquid marbles (LMs) and talc-graphite Janus liquid marbles is described. van der Waals forces facilitated the attachment of particulates to the dry brush bristles. Subsequently, the surface tension forces that developed from particle interaction with water (which were O(102) higher than the van der Waals forces) could then engender transfer of the particulates to the liquid-gas interface of the drop. Forces below 1 mN applied by
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid Drop Interaction"

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Ok, Hyunyoung. "Particle-Laden Drop Impingement on a Solid Surface." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7165.

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An experimental study on impaction of a single drop on solid surfaces was conducted to show the effects of particles on the impact process. The parameters were: volume fraction of particles (0 to 0.3), particle size (0.47 to 250 micron), and ratio of particle size to drop size (0.00017 to 0.074). The effect of particle volume fraction on the spreading process depended on impact speed and substrate. At low impact speed, particles had little effect on the spreading except for surfaces where the equilibrium contact angle was low. For high impact speed, the influence of particles on spreading can
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Jones, Tony Lee. "Interaction of liquid droplets with low-temperature, low-pressure plasma." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04072005-144736/.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.<br>Said I. Abdel-Khalik, Committee Chair ; Sheldon M. Jeter, Committee Member ; Minami Yoda, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Abolghasemibizaki, Mehran. "Liquid Interaction with Non-wettable Surfaces Structured with Macroscopic Ridges." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5381.

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Self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, dropwise-condensation, and drag-reduction are some applications in which superhydrophobic surfaces are implemented. To date, all the studies associated with superhydrophobic surfaces have been dedicated to understanding the liquid interaction with surfaces that are macroscopically smooth. The current study investigates the solid-liquid interaction of such surfaces which are fully decorated with macroscopic ridges (ribbed surfaces). In particular, the drop motion and impact on our newly designed non-wettable ribbed surface have been investigated in thi
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Manica, Rogério. "Modelling hydrodynamic interactions between deformable droplets /." Connect to thesis, 2007. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003700.

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Castrillon, Escobar Sebastian. "Instabilité et dispersion de jets de corium liquides : analyse des processus physiques et modélisation dans le logiciel MC3D." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0102/document.

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Lors d’un accident grave dans un réacteur nucléaire (REP ou REB en particulier), le combustible fondu (corium) peut se déverser dans le réfrigérant (eau). L’interaction entre les deux fluides est appelée Interaction Combustible-Réfrigérant. Sous certaines conditions, cette interaction peut conduire à une «explosion de vapeur» qui peut menacer le confinement du réacteur nucléaire. L’ICR est une interaction de caractère multiphasique complexe où divers phénomènes physiques interviennent de manières couplées. Elle débute par une phase de mélange entre les fluides (prémélange), se traduisant par l
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Vaikuntanathan, Visakh. "Dynamics Of Water Drops Impacting Onto The Junction Of Dual-Textured Substrates Comprising Hydrophobic And Hydrophilic Portions." Thesis, 2011. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2412.

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The research topic of liquid drop interaction with solid surfaces is being actively pursued to gain in-depth understanding of several practical cases such as the impingement of fuel spray droplets on surfaces like combustion chamber walls and piston top of an I.C. engine, heat transfer via spray impingement, ink-jet printing, etc. In most of the cases, the physical and flow properties of the liquid drop/spray may be fixed whereas it may be possible to tune the physical and chemical properties of the solid surface thereby enabling to control the interaction process. The present work belongs to
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Fei, Hsiand-Ting, and 費祥霆. "Interactions of the Bouncing Drops and the Oscillatory Liquid Surface." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06179743883688239438.

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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>物理學系暨研究所<br>101<br>When a viscous drop is placed on the vertically oscillating liquid bath with the same fluid, the drop can bounce on the surface for a long time. We investigate the deformation and the mobility of the bouncing drop induced by the distorted surface. When the driving frequency is similar to the ”Rayleigh” frequency fR of the drop, the resonance between the surface and the bouncing drop occurs. Then the drop is gradually elongated to ellipse shape. The drop finally rotates and progresses unidirectionally like a ”glider” on the surface. The effect of the shear for
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Books on the topic "Liquid Drop Interaction"

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Martin, Rein, and International Centre for Mechanical Sciences., eds. Drop-surface interactions. Springer, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid Drop Interaction"

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Schmidt, Johannes Benedikt, Jan Breitenbach, Ilia V. Roisman, and Cameron Tropea. "Interaction of Drops and Sprays with a Heated Wall." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_17.

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AbstractSpray-wall interactions take place in many technical applications such as spray cooling, combustion processes, cleaning, wetting of surfaces, coating and painting, etc. The outcome of drop impact onto hot surfaces depends on a variety of parameters like for example material and thermal properties of the liquid and wall, substrate wetting properties, surrounding conditions which determine the saturation temperature, spray impact parameters and surface temperature. The aim of the current project is to improve knowledge of the underlying physics of spray-wall interactions. As an important step towards spray impact modeling first a single drop impact onto hot substrates is considered in detail. Various regimes of single drop impact, such as thermal atomization, magic carpet breakup, nucleate boiling and thermosuperrepellency, observed at different wall temperatures, ambient pressures and impact velocities, have been investigated experimentally and modelled theoretically during the project period. The heat flux, an important parameter for spray cooling, has been modeled not only for single drop impacts but also for sprays within many regimes. The models show a good agreement with experimental data as well as data from literature.
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Prosperetti, Andrea. "Drop-Liquid Impact Phenomena." In Drop-Surface Interactions. Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2594-6_2.

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Lesser, Martin. "The Impact of a Compressible Liquid." In Drop-Surface Interactions. Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2594-6_3.

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Wang, An-Bang, Chi-Chang Chen, and Wun-Chin Hwang. "On Some New Aspects of Splashing Impact of Drop-Liquid Surface Interactions." In Drop-Surface Interactions. Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2594-6_15.

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Zdravkov, A. N., F. N. van de Vosse, and H. E. H. Meijer. "The Effect of Drop Viscoelasticity on the Drainage of Newtonian Liquid Films." In Drop-Surface Interactions. Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2594-6_17.

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Thoroddsen, S. T. "Drop Impacts on Liquid Layers: Some New Phenomena at the Edges of Parameter Space." In Drop-Surface Interactions. Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2594-6_16.

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Shchukin, Eugene R. "Evaporation and Growth of Single Drops and Finite Array of Interacting Drops of Pure Liquids and Hygroscopic Solutions." In Mathematical Modeling. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3397-6_27.

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González-Martín, R., I. Negrín-Santamaría, M. Saura-Cayuela, and M. J. Trujillo-Rodríguez. "Supramolecular Solvents (SUPRASs) in Green Sample Preparation." In Green Sample Preparation Techniques. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839166419-00254.

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Supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) are water-immiscible nanostructured liquids composed of a 3D network of amphiphilic aggregates that maintain their structures via non-covalent interactions. These solvents are prepared from aquo/organic solutions of amphiphiles at concentrations above their critical aggregation concentration. Under these conditions, amphiphiles initially self-aggregate to form micelles or vesicles. Coacervation of these nano-aggregates into the 3D network of the SUPRAS is induced by different strategies, including variations in the composition of the initial mixture and modifications of temperature, pH, or ionic strength. SUPRASs are appealing alternative solvents in sample preparation. Thus, SUPRASs have several features (i.e., solvation capabilities, viscosity, chemical stability, and easy preparation) that favor their incorporation as extraction solvents in several microextraction methods. Besides, SUPRASs can be considered within the group of green and sustainable materials because they can be designed to present both low flammability and low vapor pressure, and can be prepared from natural, green, and cost-effective sources. This book chapter provides an overview of the use of SUPRASs in green sample preparation, including their utilization in all modes of liquid-phase microextraction (i.e., dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction, and single-drop microextraction), solid-phase extraction (with special attention to magnetic solid-phase extraction), and solid–liquid microextraction.
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Michaelides, Efstathios, and Zhi-Gang Feng. "Implementation of the Immersed Boundary Method to Study Interactions of Fluids with Particles, Bubbles, and Drops." In Computational Methods for Complex Liquid-Fluid Interfaces. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19337-17.

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"- Implementation of the Immersed Boundary Method to Study Interactions of Fluids with Particles, Bubbles, and Drops." In Computational Methods for Complex Liquid-Fluid Interfaces. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19337-21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid Drop Interaction"

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Liang, Gangtao, Haibing Yu, Liuzhu Chen, and Shengqiang Shen. "Interaction of Impact Liquid Drop With Splat in Spray Cooling." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-3908.

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Abstract This study investigates the interaction between an impacting liquid drop and a splat generated on a solid prior to impact, focusing mainly on the wave production and propagation on the splat with low impact velocity. Using high-speed video, the wave generation concerning the effects of Weber number is observed and analyzed, including the first wave caused by drop kinematic energy, the secondary and tertiary capillary waves subjected to surface tension. Also, the wave propagation magnitude is discussed, the purpose of which is to provide a suitable method for predicting the wave diamet
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Neel, Baptiste, and Emmanuel Villermaux. "Poster: The distant interaction of a drop with a liquid sheet." In 68th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. American Physical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/aps.dfd.2015.gfm.p0049.

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Riefler, Norbert, Thomas Wriedt, and Udo Fritsching. "Flexible Piezoelectric Drop-On-Demand Droplet Generation." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4846.

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The size of droplets generated by piezoelectric drop-on-demand (DOD) droplet generators can be varied to a cer-tain degree within one order of magnitude. This variation means that the droplet size is not solely determined by the nozzle diameter, and the droplet generation process is not restricted to drops extruded through a nozzle in conven- tional operation. By varying the electronic driving pulse, different droplet sizes can be obtained. To investigate the interaction of piezoelectric pulse excitation and the finally produced droplets, different approaches are applied. A comparison of a mod
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Basavanna, Abhishek, Prajakta Khapekar, and Navdeep Singh Dhillon. "Effect of a High Electric Field on the Thermal and Phase Change Characteristics of an Impacting Drop." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3649.

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Abstract The effect of applied electric fields on the behavior of liquids and their interaction with solid surfaces has been a topic of active interest for many decades. This has important implications in phase change heat transfer processes such as evaporation, boiling, and condensation. Although the effect of low to moderate voltages has been studied, there is a need to explore the interaction of high electric fields with liquid drops and bubbles, and their effect on heat transfer and phase change. In this study, we employ a high speed optical camera to study the dynamics of a liquid drop im
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Castillo-Orozco, Eduardo, Ashkan Davanlou, Pretam K. Choudhury, and Ranganathan Kumar. "On the Impact of Liquid Drops on Immiscible Liquids." In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2016-8059.

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The release of liquid hydrocarbons into the water is one of the environmental issues that have attracted more attention after deepwater horizon oil spill in Gulf of Mexico. The understanding of the interaction between liquid droplets impacting on an immiscible fluid is important for cleaning up oil spills as well as the demulsification process. Here we study the impact of low-viscosity liquid drops on high-viscosity liquid pools, e.g. water and ethanol droplets on a silicone oil 10cSt bath. We use an ultrafast camera and image processing to provide a detailed description of the impact phenomen
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Rimbert, Nicolas, M. Hadj-Achour, and M. Gradeck. "Liquid-Liquid Secondary Fragmentation with Solidification." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.5034.

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In the event of a hypothetical core disruptive accident in nuclear power plants, the molten core may flow out thereactor vessel and interact with the cold water. The evolution of the accident is strongly affected by the fragmentation of the jet of molten metallic fuel due to its interaction with the water (i.e. this situation is known as fuel coolant interaction, FCI). In order to evaluate and predict the various consequences of a FCI, many researches are conducted with either corium or high melting temperature molten metal, where premixing stage evolves with an important production of steam.
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Bernard, Ronan, Patrick Foltyn, Anne Geppert, Grazia Lamanna, and Bernhard Weigand. "Generalized analysis of the deposition/splashing limit for one- and two-component droplet impacts upon thin films." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4810.

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Single drop impacts on thin liquid layers are of particular interest because of the ejection of secondary droplets, theso-called splashing. Only a few studies handle the deposition/splashing limit for two-component interaction, where the liquid properties of the impacting drop and wall film differ significantly.This study aims at identifying a unified approach for one- and two-component interactions to determine the deposi- tion/splashing limit. Therefore, a large database of both interactions is considered, which includes data from litera- ture for one-component interactions plus the followin
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Mortazavi, Mehdi, and Kazuya Tajiri. "Interaction between Liquid Droplet Growth and Two-Phase Pressure Drop in PEM Fuel Cell Flow Channels." In International Conference of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/ffhmt17.133.

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Narayanan, K. S., S. K. Das, E. H. V. M. Rao, et al. "Role of Initial Melt Inventory on Debris Generation With Woods Metal Water Interaction Under Drop Mode." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48211.

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Thermal interaction of a hot liquid with a cold volatile liquid was investigated with woods metal melt water system at first contact temperature just above the spontaneous nucleation temperature of water. Drop mode experiments were carried out up to 1000 g of melt and resulting debris sizes and shapes were analyzed. Experiment was carried out with melt temperature of 425 °C and water pool at 30 °C. One of the 100 g run resulted in an energetic interaction with a mass median diameter 2.5 mm ± 1.58. The MMD is seen to change to higher values for non-energetic cases and higher melt inventories. D
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Kwakkel, Marcel, Maria Fernandino, and Carlos A. Dorao. "Numerical Simulation of Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flow With Heat Transfer." In ASME 2019 17th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2019-4214.

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Abstract Numerical simulation of Taylor flows presents several challenges. At the dynamic interface physical properties are discontinuous, which is especially challenging for the thin film between the droplet and the wall. Phase-field methods, which are derived from thermodynamic principles, define the interface as a smooth transition between phases. By coupling the Cahn-Hilliard equation with the Navier-Stokes and energy equation, both interface dynamics and heat transfer can be captured. In the work presented, the resulting system of equations are solved by a parallel h-adaptive least-square
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Reports on the topic "Liquid Drop Interaction"

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Alexander and Kiefner. L51554 Field Observations on the Two-Phase Hovenweep CO2 Gathering System During Summer Operation. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010290.

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While laboratory-scale studies of single-phase flow have resulted in good correlations for the design of large-diameter pipeline systems, similar approaches for two-phase flow have not been as useful. Although theoretical modeling and simulation of single-phase turbulent flow has not yet been accomplished, empirical observation of many small-scale examples has lead to effective correlations through dimensional analysis. These correlations for a single-phase often do scale-up adequately for design of pipelines. However, when an additional phase is present, this approach has not worked well. It
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Hyder, M. L., L. S. Nelson, P. M. Duda, and D. A. Hyndman. Interactions between drops of molten Al-Li alloys and liquid water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10107057.

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Juvan, Kim C., and Richard A. Beyer. A Study of Interaction of Laser Light with Small Drops of XM46 Propellant and Related Liquids. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368348.

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