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Campbell-Nelson, Katie. "Assessment of ammonia volatility from fall surface-applied liquid dairy manure." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/273/.
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Campbell, Allan J. "Design and evaluation of liquid swine manure injectors for potato nutrient placement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0025/NQ50124.pdf.
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Ndibewu, Peter Papoh. "A commercial process development for plant food formulation using polyprotic acids from natural extracts as chelating agents." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/153.
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The citrus industry is one of South Africa's largest agricultural sectors in terms of export earnings with lemon fruits and juice as a trendsetter due to their high grade quality. According to growers, the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa alone produces an excess of about 10-14,000 tons of lemon juice which is presently of no economic value due to the sour taste and “bitterness”. As a result of this excess and in order to make use of the polyprotic acids naturally occurring in the lemon juice, four fertilizer nutrient mixtures are formulated, using lemon juice as base. From a conceptual scientific approach, characterization (physico-chemical and functional properties determinations) of Eureka Lemon fruit juices were undertaken, followed by smaller scale batch formulation experiments. On the basis that these lemon juice-based fertilizer mixtures are prepared following standard liquid fertilizer formulation guidelines, a field test was conducted to evaluate their potential effectiveness to influence plant growth. A growth chamber testing on tomato plants revealed high growth response (> 99.9 % certainty) potential in two of the semi-organic mixtures formulated while the organic mixture showed a relatively good growth rate as compared to the control (pure tap water). According to statistical analysis (ANOVA) comparison, two of the semi-organic mixtures performed considerably better than the two commercial samples evaluated. Potential benefits profoundly associated with these nutrient mixtures as compared to similar liquid fertilizer products on the market is that most nutrients are chelated and dissolved in solution. Also, the mixtures contain all necessary nutrients including plant growth substances required for healthier plant growth. The most important socioeconomic impact is the value addition to the technology chain in the citrus industry. The use of fluid fertilizers in significant quantities is less than twenty years old. Nevertheless, growth has been so rapid that in South Africa demand for mixed liquid fertilizer has greatly increased from 90 000 tons NPK & blended micronutrients in 1955 to more than 600 000 per annum tons today (Report 41/2003, Department of Minerals and Energy). The liquid fertilizers market is sparsely specialized with major competitors like Omnia, Kynoch and Foskor supplying more than 50 % of the market demand. Amongst the nutrient mixtures formulated, mixture one is an NPK (1-1-2) based nutrient mixture containing both secondary nutrients (0.5 % Mg & 1.0 % Ca) and seven micronutrients (0.1 % Fe, 0.05 % Cu, 0.05 % Zn, 0.05 % Mn, 0.02 % B, 0.0005 % Mo and 0.0005 % Co). The composition of this mixture offers the formula a potential to be used as a general purpose (all stages of plant growth) fertilization mixture in view of its balanced composition (containing all essential plant nutrients). Mixture two contains essentially the micronutrients and in higher concentrations (0.3 % Fe, 0.3 % Cu, 0.1 % Zn, 0.2 % Mn, 0.02 % B, 0.0005 % Mo and 0.0005 % Co) as compared to mixture one except for boron, molybdenum and cobalt. The concentration of the micronutrients contained in this mixture is adequately high which offers a potential for it to be used in supplementing nutrition in plants with critical micronutrient-deficient symptoms. Mixture three is very similar to mixture two (1.0 % Fe, 0.05 % Cu, 0.05 % Zn, 0.05 Mn, 0.05 % B, 0.0005 % Mo and 0.0005 % Co) except that the concentrations of all seven micronutrients are considerably less than those of contained in mixture two. However, the concentration of iron in this mixture is as high as 1.0 %. The mixture has a potential to be used in high iron-deficient situations. Mixture four is an organic formula with relatively low nutrient concentrations (NPK-0.02-0.02-1, 0.27 % Mg, 0.02 % Ca, 0.008 % Fe, 0.26 % Cu, 0.012 % Zn, 0.009 % Mn). Nevertheless, this mixture is appealing for organically grown crops where the use of chemicals is prohibited by standards. These lemon juice-based nutrient mixtures were further characterized and tested for stability and storability over a period of eight weeks. This study revealed no major change in the physical quality (colour, pH and “salt out” effect). The basic formulation methodology is a two-step procedure that involves filtration of the lemon juice to remove membranous materials, mixing at ambient temperature and stabilization of the nutrient mixtures. However, for the organic nutrient formula mix, filtration follows after extraction of nutrients from plant materials using the lemon juice.
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Ilchenko, A. O. "Technology development of obtaining high concentration ammonia water and liquid multiple-nutrient fertilizers on its basis." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63230.
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Decreasing of the crop productivity and falling-off in agricultural production make farmers in Ukraine look for a solution from the critical situation. The main factor of increasing productivity and effective land use is applying organic and mineral manure. The use of organic fertilizers is complicated by a sharp reduction in the number of livestock, and thus the number of organics as well. Farmers don’t have enough money to stock up with mineral fertilizers. According to the world experience, using liquid fertilizers is the most technologically and economically advantageous. They provide drastic fertilizer loss reduction, full mechanization of handling operations, high uniform soil fertilization and labor costs reduction.
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Ляпощенко, Олександр Олександрович, Александр Александрович Ляпощенко, Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Liaposhchenko, Максим Сергійович Скиданенко, Максим Сергеевич Скиданенко, Maksym Serhiiovych Skydanenko, Віталій Михайлович Маренок, et al. "Розроблення та оптимізаційне моделювання сепараційного, тепло- та масообмінного обладнання установки для виробництва рідких азотних добрив." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45639.
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Зниження врожайності та спад виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції, порушення екологічної рівноваги, важкий фінансовий стан товаровиробників вимушують працівників АПК України шукати вихід із критичної ситуації. Головним фактором підвищення врожайності та ефективності використання земель є внесення органічних і мінеральних добрив.
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Sigrist, Andrew B. (Andrew Bernard). "Influence of incubating liquid hog manure and monocalcium phosphate on phosphorus availability and fractionation." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69518.
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Incubation mixtures of liquid hog manure (LHM), with and without monocalcium phosphate (MCP) were added to an Ormstown silty clay loam and a Ste. Rosalie clay. Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was cultivated in a pot study in order to determine yield, total P uptake and soil P content as affected by various P and manure treatments.Aeration of LHM with MCP was successful in reducing ammonia volatilization by 62.4%. However, for both soils, neither of the treatments; LHM amended and aerated with MCP and applied at 32 t ha$ sp{-1}$ LHM containing 513 kg $ rm P sb2O sb5 ha sp{-1}$ from MCP nor LHM aerated without MCP applied at 32 t ha$ sp{-1}$ LHM, plus 513 kg $ rm P sb2O sb5 ha sp{-1}$ from MCP, significantly affected ryegrass yields compared to the lone addition of MCP fertilizer (513 kg $ rm P sb2O sb5 ha sp{-1}).$ Total P uptake in ryegrass was significantly higher for the incubated treatments in the Ste. Rosalie soil alone.
Although additions of LHM or MCP and LHM-MCP combinations affected Mehlich-III and Hedley P fractions, the incubation of MCP with LHM did not significantly increase either inorganic- or organic-P fractions when compared to MCP alone. Therefore, premixing MCP with the LHM had no effect on improving P availability in either the Ormstown or Ste. Rosalie soils.
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Dominguez, Danielle Xanchão. "Caracterização de fertilizantes orgânicos e organominerais fluidos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=879.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO uso de fertilizantes orgânicos e organominerais fluidos têm crescido bastante no mundo e também no Brasil, nas últimas duas décadas. Esse rápido crescimento da demanda por esses produtos levou o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento a buscar novas metodologias para a verificação da qualidade dos mesmos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo obter informações sobre a natureza desses fertilizantes, avaliando metodologias existentes e testando novos métodos, visando contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de controle de qualidade a ser adotado pelo Ministério da Agricultura e pelas empresas produtoras. Em uma primeira etapa, os fertilizantes foram caracterizados por meio de análises físicas e químicas conforme os métodos de rotina previstos na legislação. Adicionalmente, foram avaliados diferentes métodos de determinação de carbono, além do fracionamento das substâncias húmicas presentes nas amostras de fertilizantes, e posterior determinação do teor de carbono nas frações ácido húmico e fúlvico. Por meio da titulação potenciométrica, fez-se a especiação, identificação e quantificação dos grupos funcionais mais reativos presentes nas amostras. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, purificaram-se os ácidos húmicos de 15 amostras de fertilizantes. Após esse procedimento foi realizada a caracterização dos ácidos húmicos por espectrometria no infravermelho (FTIR) e por análise elementar (CHN). Os fertilizantes avaliados apresentaram grande variação em relação aos atributos analisados. Foram Observadas variações acentuadas em relação aos teores de carbono orgânico e carbono total, como também na qualidade dos compostos orgânicos presentes nos fertilizantes, o que deve refletir na sua eficiência agronômica. Pela correlação entre os métodos utilizados, observou-se a possibilidade de substituição de métodos de difícil execução, por métodos simplificados de baixo custo, permitindo sua aplicação em análises de rotina. Novos estudos, abrangendo um maior espectro de amostras, devem ser conduzidos para que se possam determinar parâmetros para os diferentes atributos químicos e físicos desses produtos, subsidiando tecnicamente a legislação.
The use of organic and organic-mineral fertilizers has grown fastly in the world and also in Brazil in the last two decades. This fast increase in the demand for these products took the Ministry of Agriculture to search new methodologies for the verification of their quality. This work has objective of obtaining information on the nature of these fertilizers, by evaluating existing methodologies and testing new ones, contributing to the development of a quality control protocol to be adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture and the producing companies. In a first stage, the fertilizers were characterized by means of physical and chemical analyses as the foreseen methods of routine in the legislation. Additionally, different methods of carbon determination were evaluated, beyond the humic substances fractionation in the samples of fertilizers, and posterior determination of the carbon in the humic and fulvic fractions. The most reactive functional groups in the samples were identified and quantified by potentiometric titration. The humic acids of fifteen fertilizer samples were extracted and purified. The humic acids were characterized by infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and elemental analysis (CHN). The evaluated fertilizers presented a large variation in relation to the analyzed characteristics. Large variations in relation to the levels of organic carbon and total carbon were observed, as well as in the quality of organic compounds in fertilizers that was reflected in its agronomic efficiency. By the correlation between the used methods, it was observed the possibility of substitution of methods of difficult execution for simplified methods of low cost allowing their application in routine analyses. New studies including a more representative set of samples must be carried out in order to determine parameters for the different chemical and physical attributes of these products given technical subsides to the legislation.
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Ляпощенко, Олександр Олександрович, Александр Александрович Ляпощенко, Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Liaposhchenko, Максим Сергійович Скиданенко, Максим Сергеевич Скиданенко, Maksym Serhiiovych Skydanenko, Віталій Михайлович Маренок, et al. "Optimization modeling and development of separation, heat and mass transfer equipment of the unit for production of liquid nitrogen fertilizers." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46771.
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According to the Report of the European Commission Joint Research Centre announced in 2015 raise of prices on nitrogen fertilizers is one of the biggest challenges which increase the food problem worldwide. The main reason for this is high energy consumption of the production process of solid nitrogen fertilizers. While production of liquid nitrogen fertilizers is 30-40% cheaper than manufacturing of complex concentrated water soluble fertilizers. In the agriculture of the United States about 50% of all nitrogen fertilizers are used in liquid form. One of such fertilizer types is ammonia water with ammonia concentration which is 25% min. But using of this liquid nitrogen fertilizer is economically efficient at a short distance from the production plant and manufacturing of liquid nitrogen fertilizers with high nitrogen content is a significant challenge for the chemical industry of Ukraine and the EU.
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Sirtautas, Ramūnas. "Trąšų pramonėje naudojamų korozijos inhibitorių analizė chromatografijos ir masių spektrometrijos metodais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090810_100115-09219.
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Skystosios trąšos yra laikomos, gaminamos ir transportuojamos plieninėse talpose, kurios visiškai surūdytų, jei nebūtų pridedama korozijos inhibitorių. Korozijos inhibitoriai yra sudaryti iš cheminių junginių, kurie apsaugo plieno paviršių formuodami apsauginį sluoksnį. Šis sluoksnis apsaugo plieno paviršių nuo reakcijos su skystųjų trąšų komponentėmis ir taip galima sutaupyti milijonines lėšas, nesant būtinybės keisti ar taisyti plienines talpas. Lietuvoje AB „Achema“ per metus pagamina apie 1 milijoną tonų skystųjų trąšų. Dažniausiai korozijos inhibitorius sudaro riebiosios rūgštys, aminai, paviršiaus aktyvios medžiagos, glikoliai ir kt.
Korozijos inhibitoriai plačiai analizuojami dujų ir skysčių chromatografijos - masių spektrometrijos metodais. Šiame darbe bus pristatyti dujų chromatografijos - masių spektrometrijos, efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos - elektropurkštuvinės jonizacijos - skrydžio laiko masių spektrometrijos ir matrica skatinamos lazeriu sužadinamos - skrydžio laiko masių spektrometrijos metodai komercinių korozijos inhibitorių sudėties nustatymui ir indentifikavimui.
Šio darbo tikslas buvo optimizuoti chromatografijos ir masių spektrometrijos metodikas skirtas korozijos inhibitorių analizei ir nustatyti komercinių korozijos inhibitorių kiekybinę ir kokybinę sudėtį.
Darbo rezultatai. Ištirti trys skirtingų gamintojų komerciniai korozijos inhibitoriai: Cordon 99, Galoryl Ic 22, Ixonol-5. Dujų chromatografijos - masių spektrometrijos metodu nustatyta... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Liquid fertilizers are stored, manufactured, and transported in metallic tanks which can completely corrode if corrosion inhibitor will not be added. Corrosion inhibitors are chemical compounds which protect metallic surface by forming a protection layer. This layer protects metallic surface from reaction with liquid fertilizers compounds and can save millions of dollars, since there are no need to replace or repair the tanks. In Lithuania Achema corporation is producing about 1 million tons of liquid fertilizers in the year. Usual ingredients of corrosion inhibitors are fatty acids, amines, surfactants, glycols etc. Corrosion inhibitors are widely analyzed by gas and liquid chromatographic mass spectrometry methods. In this work will be presented gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization – time-of-flight - mass spectrometry and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, methods for commercial corrosion inhibitors determination and identification. The aim of this work is optimize chromatographic and mass spectrometry methods for corrosion inhibitors analysis and determinate quantitative and qualitative composition of commercial corrosion inhibitors. Results. Analyses of corrosion inhibitors: Cordon 99, Galoryl Ic 22, Ixonol-5 from three different manufacturers were performed. The main compound determined in all the corrosion inhibitors samples by gas chromatography mass... [to full text]
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Ляпощенко, Олександр Олександрович, Александр Александрович Ляпощенко, Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Liaposhchenko, Віталій Михайлович Маренок, Виталий Михайлович Маренок, Vitalii Mykhailovych Marenok, Максим Сергійович Скиданенко, et al. "Розроблення технології отримання аміачної води високої концентрації та рідких комплексних добрив на її основі." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45667.
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Зниження врожайності сільськогосподарських культур та спад виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції, змушує фермерів України шукати вихід із критичної ситуації. Головним фактором підвищення врожайності та ефективності використання земель є внесення органічних і мінеральних добрив.
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DeBerardinis, Jeffrey T. Whalen Stephen Charles. "Nitrogen mass balance for spray fields fertilized with liquid swine waste." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,262.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering." Discipline: Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Department/School: Public Health.
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Day, A. D., B. B. Taylor, I. K. Pepper, and M. M. Minnich. "Plant Growth and Seed Cotton Yield of Upland Cotton Fertilized with Liquid Sewage Sludge." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204452.
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Seedling emergence, plant establishment, plant height, and seed cotton yield for cotton grown with liquid sewage sludge were similar to the seedling emergence, plant establishment, plant height, and seed cotton yield for cotton grown with recommended inorganic fertilizer. High applications of liquid sewage sludge decreased water penetration in Pima clay loam soil.
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Karceski, Julie (Julie Katherine). "Characterization of residuals from novel anaerobic digestion of organic municipal solid waste for application as liquid fertilizer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99603.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, June 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2015."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-42).
Management of organic municipal solid waste presents numerous challenges in India. Anaerobic digestion is one technology that can be used to address this problem, by transforming organic waste into methane via microbial activity. This process generates energy (in the form of methane) and a residual byproduct that can be used as fertilizer. Bottling and transportation of methane, however, presents numerous challenges. A novel anaerobic process is in development which would circumvent many of these challenges by instead producing a liquid biofuel. The purpose of this study is to determine if the residual byproduct from the novel process could still be used as fertilizer. A growth test failed to demonstrate the efficacy of the anaerobic residuals as a fertilizer, most likely because the residual byproduct was not dosed correctly. A follow-up growth test was able to show that the residual byproduct is not toxic to plant growth and if dosed in a lower concentration, could have potential as a fertilizer. The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the anaerobic residuals was favorable for plant growth. Further tests are needed to validate the use of the anaerobic residuals as fertilizer.
by Julie Karceski.
M. Eng.
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Fentabil, Mesfin Mesganaw. "Modeling the process of nitrogen extraction from manures and in conversion to nitrate in liquid organic fertilizer production system /." [Beersheba, Israel] : Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 2009. http://aranne5.lib.ad.bgu.ac.il/others/FentabilMesfinMesganaw.pdf.
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Negreiros, Klerisson Vidal de. "Estudo comparativo dos efeitos de biofertilizantes no crescimento e produção da bananeira nanica em dois ciclos sucessivos." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2306.
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The banana plant is a vegetable species that exports of the soil great amounts of nutrients to sustain yours I invigorate growth and production of your fruits, answering well the organic manuring. The biofertilizer application is a valuable alternative for the fertilization of the soils, being supplying of nutrients and microorganisms, besides improving the chemical characteristics, physics and biological of the soil. It was aimed at to evaluate the effects of 5 types (B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4 and B ) and 10 doses (varying from 0 to 2,7 L/plant/time) of biofertilizer in the growth and production of Tiny banana plant, in two successive cycles. The experiment was led in field conditions, in the period of March of 2010 to October of 2012, in the Escola Agrotécnica of the Cajueiro, Campus IV, State University of Paraíba, in the municipal district of Catolé of the Rocha-PB. The adopted experimental delineamento was it of blocks casualizados with 50 treatments, in the factorial outline 5 x 10, with four repetitions, totaling 200 experimental portions (1 plant/potryion). The effects of the types and biofertilizers doses, and of the interaction of these factors they were appraised on the variables of growth plant height, diameter of the pseudocaule, area to foliate unitary and area to foliate of the plant, and on the variables of production number of fruits for bunch, number of bunches for bunch, number of fruits for bunch, weight of bunches for bunch, medium weight of bunch, medium weight of the fruit and weight of the medium fruit of the Tiny banana plant in the first two cycles. The results show that: the effects of biofertilizer types were only significant in the plant height and in the area to foliate of the Tiny banana plant (2nd cycle); the biofertilizer with larger number of ingredients (B 5 5 ) it provided the largest plant height and the largest area to foliate of the Tiny banana plant (2nd cycle); the vegetative growth (height, diameter of the pseudocaule, area to foliate unitary and area to foliate of the plant) of the plant daughter (2nd cycle), in function of biofertilizer types, it overcame him/it of the plant mother (1st cycle) in up to 9,0%; the plant height was the only variable of growth of the Tiny banana plant that didn't suffer significant effects of biofertilizer doses in the two studied cycles; the great doses of biofertilizer that provided the largest values of the growth variables rotated around 1,57 L/plant/time for the plants of the first cycle and of 1,51 L/plant/time for the plants of the second; in the great doses of biofertilizer, the vegetative growth (diameter of the pseudocaule, area to foliate unitary and area to foliate of the plant) of the plant daughter it overcame him/it of the plant mother in up to 9,5%; the biofertilizer doses above the great limits reduced the growth of the Tiny banana plant, in the two studied cycles; the largest number of fruits for bunch was obtained when the dose of 1,8 L/plant/time of the biofertilizer was used B in the Tiny banana plant (2nd cycle); the largest values of number of bunches for bunch and weight of bunches for bunch were obtained with the use of the dose of 2,7 L/plant/time in the Tiny banana plant (2nd cycle); the largest number of fruits for bunch was obtained with the use of the dose of 1,5 L/plant/time of the biofertilizer B 5 in the Tiny banana plant (1st cycle); the largest values of medium weight of bunch and of medium weight of the fruit they were obtained when the dose of 2,7 L/plant/time of the biofertilizer was used B in the Tiny banana plant (1st cycle); the largest weight of the medium fruit was obtained with the use of the dose of 1,5 L/plant/time of the biofertilizer B 5 in the Tiny banana plant (1st cycle).
A bananeira é uma espécie vegetal que exporta do solo grandes quantidades de nutrientes para sustentar seu vigoro crescimento e produção de seus frutos, respondendo bem a adubação orgânica. A aplicação de biofertilizante é uma alternativa valiosa para a fertilização dos solos, sendo fornecedor de nutrientes e microrganismos, além de melhorar as características químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de 5 tipos (B x 1 , B 2 , B ) e 10 doses (variando de 0 a 2,7 L/planta/vez) de biofertilizante no crescimento e produção de bananeira Nanica, em dois ciclos sucessivos. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no período de março de 2010 a outubro de 2012, na Escola Agrotécnica do Cajueiro, Campus IV, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, no município de Catolé do Rocha-PB. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com 50 tratamentos, no esquema fatorial 5 x 10, com quatro repetições, totalizando 200 parcelas experimentais (1 planta/parcela). Os efeitos dos tipos e doses de biofertilizantes, e da interação destes fatores foram avaliados sobre as variáveis de crescimento altura de planta, diâmetro do pseudocaule, área foliar unitária e área foliar da planta, e sobre as variáveis de produção número de frutos por cacho, número de pencas por cacho, número de frutos por penca, peso de pencas por cacho, peso médio de penca, peso médio do fruto e peso do fruto médio da bananeira Nanica nos dois primeiros ciclos. Os resultados mostram que: os efeitos de tipos de biofertilizante só foram significativos na altura de planta e na área foliar da bananeira Nanica (2º ciclo); o biofertilizante com maior número de ingredientes (B ) proporcionou a maior altura de planta e a maior área foliar da bananeira Nanica (2º ciclo); o crescimento vegetativo (altura, diâmetro do pseudocaule, área foliar unitária e área foliar da planta) da planta filha (2º ciclo), em função de tipos de biofertilizante, superou o da planta mãe (1º ciclo) em até 9,0%; a altura de planta foi a única variável de crescimento da bananeira Nanica que não sofreu efeitos significativos de doses de biofertilizante nos dois ciclos estudados; as doses ótimas de biofertilizante que proporcionaram os maiores valores das variáveis de crescimento giraram em torno de 1,57 L/planta/vez para as plantas do primeiro ciclo e de 1,51 L/planta/vez para as plantas do segundo; nas doses ótimas de biofertilizante, o crescimento vegetativo (diâmetro do pseudocaule, área foliar unitária e área foliar da planta) da planta filha superou o da planta mãe em até 9,5%; as doses de biofertilizante acima dos limites ótimos reduziram o crescimento da bananeira Nanica, nos dois ciclos estudados; o maior número de frutos por cacho foi obtido quando foi utilizada a dose de 1,8 L/planta/vez do biofertilizante B na bananeira Nanica (2º ciclo); os maiores valores de número de pencas por cacho e peso de pencas por cacho foram obtidos com a utilização da dose de 2,7 L/planta/vez na bananeira Nanica (2º ciclo); o maior número de frutos por penca foi obtido com a utilização da dose de 1,5 L/planta/vez do biofertilizante B 5 na bananeira Nanica (1º ciclo); os maiores valores de peso médio de penca e de peso médio do fruto foram obtidos quando foi utilizada a dose de 2,7 L/planta/vez do biofertilizante B xi 5 5 na bananeira Nanica (1º ciclo); o maior peso do fruto médio foi obtido com a utilização da dose de 1,5 L/planta/vez do biofertilizante B na bananeira Nanica (1º ciclo).
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Heger, Jan. "Získávání fosforu z fugátu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442835.
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The focus of this thesis is the posibility of obtaining phosphorus from liquid digestate. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on summarizing the current situation regarding phosphorus recovery. The research summarizes the essential information about the method of struvite precipitation, by which phoshphorus is obtained in the form of struvite, which can be further used as a fertilizer. Based on the process information, an experimental device was designed to obtain phosphorus in the form of struvite, corresponding to industry standards. It is a cylindrical vessel with a conical bottom, in which the liquid digestate with the chemicals is mixed with a stirrer. The functionality of the device was tested experimentally on the created device. The results of the experiment were analyzed by XPS method, which confirmed the formation of struvite. For future operation, modifications of the device and pre-treatment of the liquid digestate were proposed, which could improve the whole process and its results.
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Aronsson, Helena. "Nitrogen turnover and leaching in cropping systems with ryegrass catch crops /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/a214.pdf.
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Iškauskas, Dainius. "Skystųjų amidinio azoto trąšų su magniu "Lyderis Mg" poveikis vasariniams kviečiams." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140616_132718-58723.
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Magistrantūros studijų baigiamajame darbe pateikiami skystųjų amidinio azoto trąšų su magniu Lyderis Mg poveikio, vasariniams kviečiamas, tyrimai. Darbo objektas - Vasariniai kviečiai ‘Tybalt C2‘. Darbo metodai – Eksperimentas buvo atliktas ASU Bandymų stotyje, karbonatingame giliau glėjiškame išplautžemyje. Dirvožemis buvo artimas neutraliam (pHKCl 6,8), didelio fosforingumo (230 mg kg-1 P2O5), vidutinio kalingumo (152 mg kg-1 K2O), mažo azotingumo (2,0 proc.). Tyrimas buvo atliktas siekiant nustatyti optimaliausią LYDERIS Mg trąšų koncentraciją (0,25, 0,5, 0,75, 1,0 ir 2,5 %) vasariniams kviečiams. Tiriamomis priemonėmis augalai buvo nupurkšti krūmijimosi tarpsnio pabaigoje ir susiformavus antrajam bambliui. Darbo rezultatai - skystosios amidinio azoto trąšos (LYDERIS Mg) teigiamai įtakojo vasarinių kviečių produktyvumą. Didžiausi grūdų derliaus teigiami pokyčiai gauti vasarinius kviečius krūmijimosi tarpsnio pabaigoje tręšiant 0,75 – 2,5 % koncentracijos tirpalais, o bamblėjimo tarpsniu – 0,5 – 0,75 % koncentracijų tirpalais. Tiriamos priemonės teigiamai įtakojo grūdų technologines savybes. Grūdų baltymingumas tendencingai didėjo, didinant trąšų tirpalo koncentracijas, tačiau esminis poveikis nustatytas tik naudojant 0,75 % koncentracijos tirpalą. Sedimentacijos vertėms didesnį poveikį turėjo augalų tręšimas bamblėjimo tarpsnio pradžioje 0,5 - 0,75 % koncentracijų tirpalais.Master's thesis presentsthe research that was carried out to investigate the effect of nitrogen liquid fertilizer with magnesium ‘Lyderis Mg’on spring wheat. Object of the research: spring wheat ‘Tybalt C2’. Research methods: the experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis Universityon the Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luviso). The soil was neutral (6,8pH_KCl), high in phosphorus (230 mg kg^(-1)1P_2 O_5), medium in potassium (152 mg kg^(-1) K_2O), low in nitrogen (2,0 %). The research was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of fertilizer ‘Lyderis Mg’ (0,25, 0,5, 0,75 , 1,0 and 2,5 %) in spring wheat. Applying the measures under investigation the plants were sprayed at the end of tillering stage and at the second formation of a toddler. Research results: the liquid amide nitrogen fertilizer ‘Lyderis Mg’ has positively influenced the productivity of spring wheat. The application of fertilizer solution on spring wheat both at the end ofetillering stage with the concentrationvarying from 0,75 to 2,5 % and at the booting stagewith the concentration varying from 0,5 to 0,75 % resulted in the highest grain yield.The researched measures have positively influenced the technological properties of grains. By increasing the concentration of fertilizers grain protein content tended to rise, however, thesubstantial effect was determined only applying 0,75 % concentration of fertilizers. Values of sedimentation were higher when spring wheat were... [to full text]
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Rebellatto, Agostinho. "Avaliação agronômica de fertilizantes sólidos e fluidos a base de dejetos de suínos e aves." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/595.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-16The solid or fluid forms of organomineral fertilizer represent a promising alternative for the safe disposal of animal waste and to obtain high efficiency fertilizers. The present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential of solid and fluid forms of organomineral fertilizers made from swine and chicken manures, regarding the N, P and K availabilities in the soil and to the crops compared with the standard mineral fertilizer. The trial was conducted under field conditions in two southern Brazil soils in Concordia, SC, comprising two successive crops of corn and oat at no-till system. The treatments were a control and the four types of fertilizers as follows: organomineral fluid (OF), organomineral solid (OS), mineral fluid (MF) and mineral solid (MS), all with the 03-12-06 (N-P2O5-K2O) composition. These treatments were applied in two areas, one with Nitisol and another with Cambisol in a randomized blocks design. The fertilizers OS, OF and MF in general have provided available contents of N, P and K in the soil similar to those obtained with the standard soluble solid fertilizers (MS). However, the residual effect on the availability of these nutrients in the soil to the subsequent culture was generally higher in organomineral than the mineral fertilizers. At the doses applied in this study, all fertilizers evaluated showed no risks relating to soil pollution by excess of nitrate, however, the OF showed greater phosphorus movement to deeper layers of the soil. The fertilizers evaluated have increased crop yields, especially the OF for corn and oat biomass in Cambisol and OS and MF for corn and oat biomass, respectively in Nitisol
A tecnologia dos fertilizantes organominerais sólidos ou fluidos representa uma alternativa promissora, tanto para a destinação segura dos resíduos animais, quanto para a obtenção de fertilizantes de alta eficiência. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho agronômico de fertilizantes organominerais sólidos e fluídos elaborados com base em dejetos de suínos e aves em relação à disponibilidade dos nutrientes N, P e K no solo e sua absorção pelas plantas e à produtividade das culturas, comparativamente a fertilizantes minerais. A experimentação foi realizada a campo em dois tipos de solos em Concórdia, SC, compreendendo dois cultivos sucessivos de milho e aveia em sistema plantio direto no período de 2010 a 2012. Os tratamentos foram um controle e os quatro tipos de fertilizantes a seguir: organomineral fluido (OF), organomineral sólido (OS), mineral fluido (MF) e mineral sólido (MS), todos na formulação 03-12-06 (N-P2O5- K2O). Esses tratamentos foram aplicados em duas áreas, sendo uma com Nitossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico e outra com Cambissolo Háplico Eutroférrico, em delineamento experimental de grupos de experimentos com blocos casualizados. Os fertilizantes OS, OF e MF em geral proporcionam teores de N, P e K disponíveis no solo semelhantes à forma sólida solúvel tradicional (MS). Já, o efeito residual na disponibilidade desses nutrientes no solo para a cultura subsequente foi geralmente maior nos fertilizantes organominerais, relativamente aos minerais. Nas doses aplicadas nesse estudo, todos os fertilizantes avaliados não evidenciaram riscos de contaminação da solução do solo por excesso de nitrato, porém, o OF evidenciou maior deslocamento do P em profundidade no solo em relação aos demais. Os fertilizantes avaliados aumentaram a produtividade das culturas, com destaque para o OF que proporcionou maiores rendimentos de grãos de milho e biomassa de aveia no Cambissolo e para o OS e MF que proporcionaram os maiores rendimentos de grão de milho e biomassa de aveia, respectivamente no Nitossolo
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Silva, Layane Priscila de Azevedo. "Utiliza??o de membranas no p?s-tratamento de esgotos para reuso do permeado e aproveitamento do concentrado." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16012.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-28Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The use of membrane filters in the post-treatment of sewage has been increasingly employed to obtain water quality, applicable to various forms of reuse. Despite the advantages presented using the permeate membranes, such as saving water and reducing water pollution, the concentrate generated in the process ends up being an inconvenience to the deployment of this technology due to lack of sustainable solutions for their management. Thus, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the use of membranes for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis concentrated in agriculture, using it as liquid fertilizer. The permeated membranes were also assessed in order to identify activities in which they could be reused. Five configurations were established from four types of membranes, so that each configuration represents a different system. The tests were conducted in batch mode, with triplicate for each configuration. The results indicated that permeated the microfiltration and ultrafiltration can be used in urban areas, in non-potable uses. Have the nanofiltration permeate can be reused in the industry, replacement cooling towers, and other non -potable uses required in the manufacturing unit. The permeate obtained in reverse osmosis met the intended uses for nanofiltration as well as the standards required for boiler feed, adding alkalizing being required to raise the pH to the recommended value. Concentrates generated in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis can be availed as liquid fertilizer in agriculture, but they must be diluted in the irrigation water, in order to adjust the salt concentration allowed for the least tolerant crops patterns
A utiliza??o de membranas filtrantes no p?s-tratamento de esgotos tem sido cada vez mais empregada para obten??o de ?gua com qualidade, aplic?vel a v?rias modalidades de re?so. Apesar das vantagens apresentadas com o uso do permeado de membranas, como a economia de ?gua e a redu??o da polui??o h?drica, o concentrado gerado no processo acaba sendo um inconveniente para a implanta??o dessa tecnologia, devido ? falta de solu??es sustent?veis para seu gerenciamento. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o uso do concentrado de membranas de microfiltra??o, ultrafiltra??o, nanofiltra??o e osmose inversa na agricultura, utilizando-o como adubo l?quido. Os permeados das membranas tamb?m foram avaliados, a fim de identificar em que atividades os mesmos poderiam ser reutilizados. Foram estabelecidas cinco configura??es, a partir dos quatro tipos de membranas, de modo que cada configura??o representou um sistema distinto. Os ensaios foram realizados em batelada, com triplicata para cada configura??o. Os resultados indicaram que os permeados da microfiltra??o e ultrafiltra??o podem ser utilizados no meio urbano, em usos n?o pot?veis. J? o permeado da nanofiltra??o pode ser reutilizado na ind?stria, para reposi??o em torres de resfriamento, e nos demais usos n?o pot?veis requeridos na unidade fabril. O permeado obtido no processo de osmose inversa atendeu aos usos previstos para nanofiltra??o, bem como aos padr?es exigidos para alimenta??o de caldeiras, sendo necess?ria a adi??o de alcalinizante, para elevar o pH at? o valor recomendado. Os concentrados gerados na nanofiltra??o e osmose inversa podem ser aproveitados na agricultura como adubo l?quido, mas precisam ser dilu?dos na ?gua de irriga??o, a fim de adequar a concentra??o de sais aos padr?es permitidos para culturas menos tolerantes
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Maria, Aoun. "Development of Analytical methods for the evaluation of the impact of phosphate fertilizer industry on marine environment." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3033.
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Développement de méthodes analytiques pour l’évaluation de l'impact de l'industrie de fertilisants chimiques sur le milieu marinDevelopment of Analytical methods for the evaluation of the impact of phosphate fertilizer industry on marine environment
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Budín, Oto. "Zpracování fermentačních zbytků z bioplynových stanic." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318762.
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This diploma thesis deals with dewatering technologies of fermentation residues from biogas plants and aims to design an integration of selected technology into the biogas plant. Fermentation residues (or digestate), which are a by-product of anaerobic biomass fermentation in biogas plants, contain a certain amount of nutrients and are usually used as agricultural fertilizers. However, the high-water content in digestate and the associated low nutrient concentration increase the cost of its storage and transport. Dewatering of fermented material could help reduce these costs. The main part of this work included the design of an integration of the selected dewatering technology into the biogas plant – its placement in a process, an addition of necessary appliances, the influence on material and energy flows. In this case, the fermentation residues are processed in two phases. First, a separation of the solid and the liquid fraction by a screw press. The second step is to thicken the liquid digestate by evaporation in a multistage evaporator. Evaluation of the design of a dewatering technology, including its impact on the economy of the biogas plant, is also part of the diploma thesis.
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Vondra, Marek. "Zařízení pro zahušťování odpadní vody z bioplynových stanic." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295728.
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This dissertation thesis deals with the development of technology which could tackle two major issues related to biogas plants. These issues concern the insufficient use of waste heat from biogas combustion and its subsequent processing. It also concerns the use of the fermentation residues which are formed in large quantities and whose use is restricted by law. Based on a literary search of separation methods, a vacuum evaporator was selected as the most suitable technology. Its advantages include its simple construction, operational reliability and robustness, low costs of thickening medium pre-treatment, potential for a quick commercial application and, especially, the chance to use a low-potential waste heat. A primary purpose of this technological unit is the reduction in the volume of fermentation residues. Other benefits include the efficient use of waste heat from a biogas plant, which would otherwise be wasted. Evaporators with a low consumption of electrical energy (which is a main product of a biogas plant) seem to be the best option for applications in the biogas plants. Three of these technologies were subjected to a more thorough analysis, which included the development of computational models and their quantification for conditions in a sample biogas plant. A one-stage evaporator with a forced circulation (680 – 712 kWhth/m3, 25.9 – 30.5 kWhel/m3) was evaluated as the least suitable option in terms of energy demands. The energy intensity of a three-stage evaporator with a falling film (241 – 319 kWhth/m3, 12.0 – 23.6 kWhel/m3) and a nine-stage flash evaporator (236 – 268 kWhth/m3, 13.6 – 18.4 kWhel/m3) is significantly lower. A multi-stage flash evaporator (MSF) was then chosen for development and will form the central focus of this thesis. The reasons for the choice are as follows: the low requirements on the heat transfer surface, good operational experience in the field of desalination, its simple construction, modularity and evaporation outside the heat transfer surface. A thorough technical-economic evaluation was also performed on the integration of the evaporator into the biogas plant. The main part of the work included the experimental development of a MSF evaporator prototype. The main objective of this development was to achieve a stable flow rate of the thickening liquid digestate fraction and the continuous formation of the distillate. This was not an easy objective to achieve, especially due to the properties of the liquid digestate, which has a non-newtonian characteristic and increased density and viscosity compared to water. The tendency of the liquid digestate to form foam was also the subject of analysis. The development of the evaporator and first successful operational test are described in the thesis in detail. This required the use of an anti-foaming product. A fully-developed prototype of the MSF evaporator allowed us to achieve continuous operation with a distillate production, reaching from 5 to 10 kg/h at a liquid digestate flow rate of 0.4–0.5 m3/h. The main drawback of this technology is the pollution of the distillate with ammonia nitrogen, and it is for this reason that the basic procedures of its subsequent elimination was selected for further analysis.
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Vertonha, Maria Thais. "Valorization of leached waters through conversion in liquid fertilizers." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/21034.
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Dupla diplomação com a UTFPR - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do ParanáAn unprecedented demographic explosion occurred in the last decades at a global level. The negative impacts of this event stand out, affecting the social, economic and mainly environmental spheres. In the environmental aspect, an important consequence is the growing production of solid wastes, due partially to the population increase. However, the development of effective technologies for the treatment of these wastes did not accompany such growth, and currently the most used method for this is landfill disposal. Even with the possibility of alternatives, the use of landfills for the disposal of solid wastes will be necessary over a long period, with the inevitable consequence of the generation of leachate streams. The objective of this work is the development, design and implementation of processes for physicochemical conversion of leachate liquid effluents from a composting process in liquid fertilizers with a standardized and reproducible composition. The leachate sample was collected in February 2019 from the slurry storage tank of the company “Resíduos do Nordeste”, EIM (Urjais, Mirandela, Portugal). The stream is produced and recovered from a composting line from a mechanical and biological waste treatment plant. From this original sample, three additional materials were obtained: a filtered sample for the removal of the solid fraction (Filtro 03/04), two concentrated samples by simple distillation, with two concentration levels in volume basis: 1,19x and 1,85x in relation to the original leachate sample. The four samples (the original leachate and the three processed samples) were submitted to a sequence of analyzes, in order to compare its composition and properties with the current Portuguese and European legislation specifications for liquid fertilizers. The selected characterization parameters were: Total Organic Carbon (TOC), pH, Conductivity, Percentage of Dry Matter, Density, and Heavy Metals, Phosphorus, Potassium and Nitrogen contents. Adsorption tests were performed with the Filter 03/04 sample, with two adsorbents of different origin, the first produced from an organic compound, resulting from a centralized composting process, obtained from the same landfill that provided the Original sample. The second adsorbent tested is activated clays, originating from four different deposits in Kazakhstan. After treatment with the adsorbents, the same analyzes were performed previously, aiming to evaluate the efficiency of the adsorbents. The characterization results were then used to verify the framework for later use of the original leachate and/or the processed samples as liquid organomineral fertilizers, and to assess the specific needs of composition tuning for the non-processed leachate sample. A concentration process for the original sample of 1,19x (v/v) has been determined to allow the reaching of at least 3% TOC, a content legally required. Additionally, treatment is required for the removal of nickel and chromium from the samples. The metals zinc, copper, cadmium and lead have been quantified and are within the limits specified in the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council (2019). A flowchart for the proper treatment of this leachate was proposed, with the intention of using it as liquid organomineral fertilizer.
Uma explosão demográfica sem precedentes ocorreu nas últimas décadas a nível global. Destacam-se os impactos negativos deste evento, afetando as esferas social, econômica e principalmente ambiental. No aspeto ambiental, uma consequência importante é a crescente produção de resíduos sólidos, em parte devido ao aumento populacional. No entanto, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias eficazes para o tratamento desses resíduos não acompanhou esse crescimento, e atualmente o método mais utilizado para isso é o descarte em aterros sanitários. Mesmo com a possibilidade de alternativas, o uso de aterros sanitários para a disposição de resíduos sólidos será necessário por um longo período, com a inevitável consequência da geração de caudais de chorume. O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento, proposta e implementação de processos de conversão físico-química de efluentes líquidos lixiviados, de um processo de compostagem, em fertilizantes líquidos com uma composição padronizada e reprodutível. A amostra de lixiviados foi coletada em fevereiro de 2019 a partir do tanque de armazenamento de chorume da empresa “Resíduos do Nordeste”, EIM (Urjais, Mirandela, Portugal). O fluxo é produzido e recuperado de uma linha de compostagem de uma estação de tratamento de resíduos mecânica e biológica. Desta amostra original, três materiais adicionais foram obtidos: uma amostra filtrada para a remoção da fração sólida (Filtro 03/04), duas amostras concentradas por destilação simples, com dois níveis de concentração em base volumétrica: 1,19x e 1,85x em relação a amostra original. As quatro amostras (o lixiviado original e as três amostras processadas) foram submetidas a uma sequência de análises, de modo a comparar a sua composição e propriedades com as atuais especificações da legislação portuguesa e europeia para fertilizantes líquidos. Os parâmetros de caracterização selecionados foram: teor de carbono orgânico total (TOC), pH, condutividade elétrica, percentagem de matéria seca, densidade e metais pesados, fósforo, potássio e nitrogênio. Foram realizados testes de adsorção com a amostra Filtro 03/04, com dois adsorventes de origem diferente, o primeiro produzido a partir de um composto orgânico, resultante de um processo de compostagem centralizada, obtido do mesmo aterro sanitário que forneceu a amostra Original. O segundo adsorvente testado, são as argilas ativadas, originárias de quatro depósitos diferentes do Cazaquistão. Após o tratamento com os adsorventes foram realizadas as mesmas análises feitas anteriormente, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência dos adsorventes. Os resultados da caracterização foram então utilizados para verificar a estrutura para posterior utilização do lixiviado original e/ou as amostras processadas como fertilizantes organominerais líquidos, e para avaliar as necessidades específicas de ajuste da composição. Um processo de concentração para a amostra original de 1,19x (v/v) foi determinado para permitir o alcance de pelo menos 3% de TOC, um conteúdo legalmente requerido no Regulamento do Parlamento Europeu e do Concelho (2019). Além disso, é necessário um tratamento para a remoção de níquel e cromio das amostras. Os metais zinco, cobre, cádmio e chumbo foram quantificados e estão dentro dos limites especificados no Regulamento do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho (2019). Um fluxograma para o tratamento adequado desse lixiviado foi proposto, com o intuito de utilizá-lo como fertilizante organomineral líquido.
This work was carried out under the scope of Project VALORCOMP, funded by FEDER through Programme INTERREG V-A Spain − Portugal (POCTEP) 2014–2020. Finally, to all who have somehow been part of this period and collaborated to carry out this work, I will be eternally grateful.
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Van, der Merwe Thomas Arnoldus. "Sequential injection analysis of selected components in liquid fertilizers." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29514.
Full textAbstract:
Sequential injection has, over the past eight years, developed into a viable alternative to flow-injection, but its full potential has not yet been fully realized. It developed out of existing flow-injection methods when a need for mechanically simple and robust flow-injection methodology arose. In this study the development of this method is discussed with its numerous advantages and disadvantages over existing flow-injection methods. The theoretical basis on which this technique is based is outlined as well as parameters that influence the design of the manifold. With the manifold design principles established, the manifold is evaluated using real sample analysis, with liquid fertilizer as the source of selected elements. Adjustments made to existing flow-injection methods, for the determination of nitrite with sequential injection analysis, are discussed, while a new method is proposed for nitrate determination. The viability of solid-phase reductors and in situ preparation of reagents, combined with sequential injection analysis, is also studied.Dissertation (MSc (Chemistry))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Chemistry
unrestricted
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Hsu, Pei-Chun, and 徐培鈞. "The study and application of liquid fertilizers transformed from agricultural wastes." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54208514903329748754.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
90
Large amounts of agricultural wastes are produced in Taiwan, however, the crop residues with 700 million tons may be treated by composting. For the reuse of agricultural wastes to reduce their contamination, popular agricultural wastes were applied to prepare liquid fertilizers by controlling composting parameters and to assess the liquid fertilizers on the effects of soil fertility and crop yield in this study. The raw materials for preparing the liquid fertilizers are bean residue, rice bran, wine and sugarcane processing by-products, and leaf residue of cabbage. Two preparing methods are conducted, one is preparing liquid fertilizer transformed by solid composting, and the treatments are divided into without microorganism (S-1), with comprehensive microorganism (S-2), and with comprehensive microorganism and Bacillus thuringiensis (S-3). The other is liquid composting, and the treatments are divided into without microorganism (L-1), with maturely solid compost (L-2), and with comprehensive microorganism (L-3). All the liquid fertilizers were applied in a Typic Hapludorent planted with Chinese cabbage (Brassica Chinensis L.) in the pots. Results indicate that C/N ratios decreased to 10 and pH values tended to 7.0-7.5 in all treatments by solid composting for 40 days. But in all treatments by liquid composting for 40 days, C/N ratios decreased to less than 6 and pH values were higher than those by solid composting. The wave number of aliphatic carbons in FTIR decreased with composting time, but the 1560cm-1 zone with aromatic carbons increased with the maturation of liquid fertilizer. All treatments include 18 essential amino acids, but phenylalanine is the dominant one. The addition of liquid fertilizer significantly (p<0.05) increased N, P, and K contents of the soil in the pot experiment. The yields of Chinese cabbage in liquid fertilizer treatments were also significantly higher than those of blank. However, there is no difference in nutrient composition among liquid fertilizer treatments. Therefore, The efficiency of the liquid fertilizer transformed by solid composting on soil fertility and crop yield is higher than that of liquid compositing.
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Chang, Ya-yu, and 張雅喩. "The Effects of Three Liquid Fertilizers on the Growth of Garland Chrysanthemum." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bv7w62.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
107
For the study of the effect of liquid fertilizer on the growth of garland chrysanthemum, two liquid fertilizers produced from kitchen waste via fermentation or high-temperature and high-pressure cooking were compared with a chemical fertilizer. The results of this work showed that chemical fertilizer provided the best growth effect on garland chrysanthemum, and under the conditions of the same temperature and environment, the leaf and stem growth upon chemical fertilizer was significantly more dynamic than other fertilizers on linear phase and senescence phase. And the garland chrysanthemum grown from fermentation or high temperature and high pressure cooking liquid fertilizers is slow to grow. Although the growth high of garland chrysanthemum is better under high temperature and high pressure liquid fertilizer than compost fermentation liquid fertilizer, the leaf and stem are weaker.
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KUO, PIN-HSUAN, and 郭品萱. "The Study of The Effects on The Growth of Pak Choi with Different Liquid Fertilizers Produced from Kitchen Wastes." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82220751907841029297.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
104
Kitchen and food wastes, which accounted for 37 percent of total amount of garbage in Taiwan consisted of numerous organic matter, valuable source of plant nutrients, and negligable heavy metals. Based upon the idea of “What comes from nature, goes back to nature”, kitchen and food wastes could be reused by transformed to organic liquid fertilizers. The reuse of the wastes is environmental friendly. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of different liquid fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the growth of Pak Choi, a chinese vegetable. Two types of fertilizer by different processes were designed in this study: hydropyrolysis, and direct fermentation. This study also evaluated the efficiency of liquid fertilizers in four different diluted rates with water: 100, 200, 300, and 500. As for the design of the study, all the setting of using fertilizers was categorized as the experimental group, and the control group was referred to the unused ones. The results of the study not only demonstrated that using any two types of liquid fertilizer form kitchen wastes would benefit the growth of Pak Choi, but also the use of proper amount of liquid fertilizers would maintain or raise the PH value of soil. This explains why liquid fertilizers from kitchen wastes were friendly to environment. Finally, this study concluded that the 200 and 300 diluted rates of composing and fermentation made Pak Choi grow most and had a better harvest.
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Bester, Lelanie. "Beneficiation of wastewater streams from gold mine process water systems with recovery of value-adding liquid waste products." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29883.
Full textAbstract:
A strategy for beneficiation of wastewater streams from fissure and process water developed for a gold mine operation in the west of Johannesburg was tested for viability in a pilot study. The investigation was aimed at evaluating the compliance of the finally discharged effluent streams with the current Water Use Licence (WUL). The core of the water recovery process consisted of softening to remove divalent cationic species, followed by ion exchange processes employing Strong Acid Cationic (SAC) resins and Weak Acid Cationic (WAC) resins. An operational design limitation was that the crystalactor used in the softening stage had a minimum capacity of 20 000 L/h, whereas the rest of the system could be operated at flow rates of as low as 2 000 L/h. For this reason, the softening step was done in semi-batch mode. Calcium hardness was decreased from 70 mg/L to values lower than 40 mg/L (as Ca2+). During the ion exchange (water recovery) process, columns using SAC resin produced better quality water than the WAC resins. The SAC columns produced water compatible with South African Water Quality Standards. Additionally, the use of SAC proved to be a more financially favourable option, since the regenerant stream contained high concentrations of calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and sodium nitrate fertilizer. The latter could be sold as a liquid fertilizer to farmers. In addition to the above findings, the pilot system reduced the concentration of toxic and radiotoxic metals such as uranium. The final concentration of the uranium in the effluent (0.01 mg/L) was below the regulation limit 0.07 mg/L. The selective removal of uranium is crucial in order to produce high-quality fertilizer from the ion exchange regeneration streams. CopyrightDissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Chemical Engineering
unrestricted
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(6630833), Zhenyu Shen. "Liquid Nitrate Fertilizer Production with Various Atmospheric Pressure Discharges." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Plasmas can be used to increase the probability of maturity of seeds and disinfect them. The water applied on plants can also be treated with plasma to reduce bacteria. Discharges normally used to treat water including dielectric barrier discharges, gliding arcs, DC, AC, or pulsed coronas, and various direct discharges in liquid. After treatments, reactive oxygen (ozone) and nitrogen species (nitrite and nitrate) will appear in the water solution. Then, by applied this water, the lifecycle of plant could be significantly influenced. Plasma has a great potential to play an important role in the agriculture discipline. The process of synthesizing nitrate fertilizer with water, air, and electric spark has been known for a long time. But due to low nitrate yield and high energy consumption, it was replaced by the Haber-Bosch process in the first half of the 20th century. The Haber-Bosch process, however, has several disadvantages: it requires natural gas as a raw material, fixes nitrogen in the form of ammonia, and generates oxycarbides as byproducts. Thus, the concept of manufacturing nitrogen fertilizer with only water, air and electricity is still appealing.
In this project, we want to measure the pH value and conductivity of the water treated by various atmospheric pressure discharges including the arc discharge, DC positive corona discharge, DC voltage driven cold plasma torch operating with helium, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), and radio-frequency (RF) plasma. Also, it is necessary to verify the existence of different important species in the treated water such as peroxide, nitrite, and nitrate ions by measuring their concentrations. Based on current and voltage measurements and wall-plug electrical energy consumption, energy efficiency of nitrate synthesis was determined in these five plasma systems. Optical emission spectroscopy was employed to study the reaction kinetics of both DBD and RF discharge. Our goal is to produce enough nitrate ions, by plasma treatment with minimal energy input (the value should be at least close to the Haber-Bosch process), in water which could be further used as fertilizers.
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Liu, Chi-feng, and 劉旗峰. "Enhanced the Reduction of Raw Primary Sludge Using Liquid Fertilizer." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18073124014651698848.
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Peng, Yen-Hsiang, and 彭彥翔. "Mechanism of Primary Sedimentation Sludge Reduction by Addition of Liquid Fertilizer." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01050770920185417957.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東南科技大學
營建科技與防災研究所
102
This study examines the efficiency and mechanism of reduction of primary sludge in the primary sedimentation tank with the addition of liquid fertilizer, molasses and acid-base reaction agent. The liquid fertilizer addition ratio varies from 60%, 50% and 40%. Each of the three ratio samples was tested in both 2.0 and 4.0 hours of continuous flow reaction of influent times. The study also measured the change in pH, ORP, TS, VFA and odour in basin before and after the continuous flow reaction in order to analyze the effect of sludge reduction. The result found that the volume of primary sludge decreased significantly with the addition of liquid fertilizer while the most optimal outcome resulted in having the liquid fertilizer addition ratio at 60% and the influent time period of addition of liquid fertilizer in continuous mode at 4 hours. In conclusion, the study found that liquid fertilizer, acid-base reaction agent and VFA have significant effects on the reduction of sludge in primary sedimentation tank. The major component of VFA produced from this experiment was acetic acid.
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Hu, Chih-chi, and 胡芝綺. "The Study of application of Pineapple Eco-enzyme indetergent and liquid fertilizer." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06634216971269826676.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
103
The objective of the study is to explore day to day applications of pineapple eco-enzyme. The investigators first analyzed the strains of pineapple eco-enzyme, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted among 34 randomly sampled subjects. The questionnaire used in the survey was developed by the investigators. In addition to the questionnaire survey, these 34 subjects also participated in an experiment (one month duration) in which they were asked to use the pineapple eco-enzyme detergent for dish washing, cleaning laundry, and floor cleaning, and the usage condition was analyzed. Lastly, the investigators compared between the pineapple eco-enzyme liquid fertilizer (the experimental group) and water (the control group) in terms of their effects on plants. Experimental and statistical analysis results showed that pineapple eco-enzyme uses lactose to produce lactate bacteria. When using the pineapple eco-enzyme detergent for dish washing, the level of cleanliness was found to be significantly associated with enzyme concentration; the cleaning power of higher concentration (1:2) was better than of lower concentration (1:10). As for reducing dry hands and odor acceptance, no significant concentration effect was found. In terms of applying the pineapple eco-enzyme detergent on cleaning laundry and floor cleaning, the subjects revealed a lack of significant concentration effect on the cleaning power, reducing dry hands, or odor acceptance. In addition, among subjects supporting pineapple eco-enzyme usage and actively asking for more eco-enzyme related information, no significant concentration, gender or education effect was found. Lastly, when the pineapple eco-enzyme liquid fertilizer was used in planting, it was found that plant growth was not suppressed by the eco-enzyme liquid fertilizer. On the contrary, potted plants receiving either the 100-fold or 500-fold dilution were found to grow better than potted plants in the control group (receiving water only). Moreover, the eco-enzyme liquid fertilizer, compared to water, also showed a better plant disease control effect.
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Lee, Bo-Sian, and 李博獻. "Relation Between Chinese Herbal Medicine and Health and Liquid Organic Fertilizer Production." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nwgcvc.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
農藝學系研究所
106
The chinese herbal medicine is help for health and effective to cure disease, such as hypertension, headache, cough, scald, pain, sprain, stomachache, constipation and hurt. This study not only show curing of disease but also introduce maintaining of health by chinese herbal medicine. For example, Ophiocordyceps sinensis contains superoxide dismutase which can remove free radical, inhibit growth of tumor and increase immunity. Nothapodytes nimmoniana contains camptothecin which can inhibit growth of cancer cell. The chinese herbal medicine also help the growth of plant. The author founded his company in 2010 and invented the liquid organic fertilizer which was made of chinese herbal medicine. What’s more, the liquid organic fertilizer was passed the examination by executive yuan agricultural committee in the same year. And it was made all of chinese herbal medicine that didn’t add any chemicals. Its ingredients contain 1.5% of nitrogen, 1.2% of phosphoric anhydride, 1.0% of potassium oxide and 6.2% of organic matter. The liquid organic fertilizer has the positive regulation to plant growth.
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楊孟琳. "Feasibility of liquid wastes collected from microbial deproteinization of shrimp shells for chitin isolation as liquid fertilizer for plants." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59171284861250586665.
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Tremorin, Denis Gerald. "Greenhouse gas emissions from grassland pasture fertilized with liquid hog manure." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3230.
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A study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the effect of liquid hog manure fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions from the surface of a grassland pasture in south-eastern Manitoba. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of manure application, itstiming and soil moisture on greenhouse gas emissions from pasture soil, cattle dung and urine patches. Nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were determined from grassland soil surface, and from cattle dung and artificial urine patches. Liquid hog manure treatments were no manure (Control); 153 kg ha-1 of available-nitrogen (N) (two year average) in spring (Spring); and 149 kg ha-1 as half-rate applications in fall and spring (Split). Four field experiments were conducted on grassland plots. The static-vented chamber technique was used to estimate gas emission rates. Two of the experiments focused on the effects of manure application timing and soil moisture on greenhouse gas emissions from the grassland soil surface. The other two experiments focused on the effects of manure application and soil moisture on greenhouse gas emissions from cattle dung and artificial urine patches. Fresh cattle dung was collected from steers grazing adjacent pastures receiving the same three manure treatments. Artificial cattle urine treatments were generated by converting blood urea concentrations of the steers into urine-N concentrations.
Manure application increased (P≤0.01) cumulative N2O emissions from the grassland soil surface with Control, Split and Spring treatments averaging 7, 43 and 120 mg N2O-N m-2, respectively. Of the two manure treatments, the Spring treatment emitted higher (P≤0.10) N2O emissions than the Split treatment. Soil moisture was a major factor influencing the quantity and type of greenhouse gas emissions, with saturated areas emitting CH4 during warm periods, whereas drier areas emitted N2O. Nitrous oxide emissions from these dry areas were higher in manure-treated plots. Spring application increased root density by 45% in the top 5 cm of soil compared to the Control. An increase in soil organic carbon with root density may offset any increase in greenhouse gas emissions caused by manure treatment.
Cattle dung from Split and Spring treatments had higher cumulative N2O emissions (30 and 82 mg N2O-N m-2, respectively) compared to dung from Control pastures (6 mg N2O-N m-2) over two study years. Dung from the Spring treatment emitted more N2O (P≤0.01) than the other two treatments. All cattle dung patches emitted CH4 after deposition though unaffected by manure treatment. Artificial urine having highest N concentration had greater (P≤0.05) cumulative N2O emissions (690 mg N2O-N m-2) than urine with the lowest N concentration (170 mg N2O-N m-2). Drier soil locations emitted more N2O from cattle dung and artificial urine patches than wetter areas.
This study demonstrated that Split application of liquid hog manure to grassland emitted less N2O than a complete application in spring. Moisture greatly affected the location of N2O and CH4 emissions. Drier areas emitted more N2O than wetter ones. Particularly, the findings indicate a need to assess grassland on periodically saturated soils as sources rather than sinks for CH4. Application of manure increased greenhouse gas emissions from cattle dung and urine patches with urine potentially having the greatest impact because of their higher emissions of N2O. An increase in root growth seems to offset greenhouse gas emissions from manure application.
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Tremorin, Denis G. "Greenhouse gas emissions from grassland pasture fertilized with liquid hog manure." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21606.
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Tseng, Yueh-Mei, and 曾月美. "Effects of liquid organic fertilizer containing eggshell on the nitrate concentration of four leafy vegetables." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51364467237369919446.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
農學研究所
97
The objectives of this study were conducted to evaluate the effects of applying with different concentration of 0%, 10% and 25 % added eggshell organic liquid fertilizer on the growth and nitrate concentration of four leafy vegetables,‘Green giant’Edible rape,‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai, ‘Hoye’Pai-tsai and‘Heiye’Pai-tsai, were used as experimental materials and planted both in pot and field conditions. Results indicated that applying 25% added eggshell organic liquid fertilizer had significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh weight as compared with control of both‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai and‘Hoye’Pai-tsai. Shading before 24hrs harvest showed also affecting the of nitrate concentration. Treatment with 25% eggshell was found a high level of 306.7 mg L-1 nitrate concentration on ‘Green giant’ Edible rape and showed significant difference with no shading treatment. In the field, 0%, 10% and 25% of added organic eggshell liquid fertilizer showed significantly increased stem diameter, and shoot fresh weight of‘Green giant’Edible rape,‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai,‘Hoye’Pai-tsai and‘Heiye’Pai-tsai. Application with 10% and 25% of added eggshell organic liquid fertilizer showed apparently decreased‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai,‘Hoye’Pai-tsai and ‘Heiye’Pai-tsai leaf nitrate concentration and had significant difference with control plot. In conclusion, the application of 10% or 25% added eggshell organic liquid fertilizer showed not only dramatically decreased on of‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai,‘Hoye’Pai-tsai and‘Heiye’Pai-tsai leaf nitrate concentrations but also increased it growth and yield in the field. It is worthy to make a further study for production high yield and high quality commercial organic vegetables.
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Wu, Hung-Chang, and 吳宏章. "Study on the Analytical Quantification Method for Total Amino Acid Nitrogen of Liquid Organic Fertilizer." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30497173208425108122.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
農園生產系所
98
Recently, many fertilizers are emphasized that they have many kinds of trace elements and amino acids and promote plant growth, improve crop yield and increase fruit quality. But, how many amino acid nitrogen do those fertilizers content? Currently, there has been not a specific determination method of total amino acid nitrogen for liquid organic fertilizer.The study selected high performance liquid chromatography, ninhydrin and formaldehyde nitrogen determination as the experimental method of quantitative analysis of amino acid nitrogen analyzes 10 standard amino acids, amino acid mixture and liquid organic fertilizers, assess the suitability of methods to arrive an accurate, simple method for liquid organic fertilizer products and can be as a reference of total amino acid nitrogen analysis. In this thesis, HPLC analysis was performed on C18 column using four kinds of mobile phases and detected by fluorescence detecter, determined the amino acid nitrogen of liquid organic fertilizer (A) and 0.9 g/kg of total 17 hydrolysis nitrogen was measured, which was just 10 g/kg of total nitrogen content. The amino acids maybe affect by sample hydrolysis process, so this method is not suitable for liquid organic fertilizer. Another part of this thesis was estabished to determine 10 standard amino acid calibration curves (Glu, Gly, Asp, Ala, Trp, Gln, Met, Asn, and Lys). In this study, glycine is the most suitable regression equation for amino acid nitrogen, which possessed good linearity (r>0.999) over the calibrated ranges of 0-5 mg a.a.-N/L.The relative standard deviation (RSD) values in intra- and inter-day assays was below 4.29%, which showed good precision. The RSD and relative error (RE) values of recovery in adding standard amino acids into amino aicd mixture and liquid organic fertilizer assays were below 8.2% and 5.44%, 6.0% and 4.27% which showed good accuracy. The method detection limit of glycine was 0.377 mg a.a.-N/L. The liquid organic fertilizer (A), (B) amino acid nitrogen were determined 22.5, 5.5 g a.a.-N/kg by ninhydrin method of glycine standard calibration curve. The other part of this thesis,formaldehyde nitrogen method was established to determine 10 amino acids, 6 kinds of concentration (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg a.a.-N/L). When 5 kinds of standard amino acid nitrogen (Glu, Gly, Asp, Ala, Lys) at 100, 200, 400 mg a.a.-N/L, the RE and RSD were below 9.75% and 3.60%, which showed good accuracy and precision. But, the other amino acids at different concentration of amino acid nitrogen, the RE were above 10%, which sowed bad accuracy but good precision. So that the samples of amino acid nitrogen may be easy to underestimate, but the reasons need to explore. Formaldehyde reagent is one of the carcinogenic poison substances, which should be considered on application.
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Bing-Syue, Li, and 李秉學. "The study of using ozonation method to accelerate the nitrification of kitchen waste liquid fertilizer." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33709113219137970361.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
環境工程學系碩士班
103
Ozone dissolved ozone aeration is 13 times higher than the oxygen in the water, so when the use of aeration way, when the ozone is dissolved in water. Ozone can kill bacteria in the water, oxidize ammonia in the water, and decompose chlorine and other effects. When the water contains oxygen, the water can be called ozone dissolved water. The study use ozonation to accelerate the nitrification of liquid fertilizer of food residuals, which was originated from Luodong Township organic waste treatment plant. The study was aimed to understand than kitchen nitrification of ammonia nitrogen fertilizer degree of change after ozone oxidation. The study was divided into two parts ozone flow of 4L / min, 8L / min. It contains large amounts of ammonia in the liquid fertilizer. By oxidation, nitrification to nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen after the ozone aeration.Therefore use Environmental Analysis Laboratory announcement method to the concentration detection. At different concentrations and flow conditions, the observed changes in the concentration of fertilizer in the test items. The study was divided into two parts ozone flow of 4L / min, 8L / min and liquid fertilizer concentration dilution 1x, 2x, 4x and 0,10,20,30,40,60,90,120 minutes. The bottom tube of sampling ports got sampled in the reactor for the following analysis: Ammonia Nitrogen detection methods - indophenol colorimetry、Nitrite nitrogen in water detection method – spectrophotometry、Nitrate in Water Detection - spectrophotometer, COD detection method – closed dichromate reflux method, the conductivity of the water determination - conductivity meter method, the hydrogen ion concentration index of water (pH value) Determination of the water absorbance measurement method analysis. That data using the order reaction assessment and integration, that to observe the effectiveness of ozone aeration in the liquid fertilizer.
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Wang, Tzu-Cheng, and 王梓丞. "Characteristics verification of environmental friendly liquid fertilizer made from vegetable and fruit wastes fermenting with brown sugar." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x56trn.
Full textAbstract:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系
100
According to Annual Environment Statistics Report 2011 of Environment Protection Administration (EPA), the average amount of waste generated in Taiwan per day was 20,698 tons, among which the mean volume of leftover food (fruits and vegetables included) was 2,222 tons, taking 10.7%. Methods of food reclamation involves feeding pig、making feed、composting and anaerobic fermentation etc. Regarding all these solutions, composting benefits of lower requirements as well as easier operation and management; moreover, food waste richly organic, which are perfect for composting. Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation spread that using brown sugar mixed with fruits and vegetables which can be used as organic compost tea. However, its fermentation process and quality still lack of scientific analysis and verification. In this study, analysis by the kitchen waste fluid fertilizers forward material characteristics and the related changes in physical and chemical properties of the reaction process monitoring to explore the product of fertilizer efficiency with different feed ratio and temperature differences during the fermentation process. As the results showed, if fermentation temperature appeared to be too low, then multiple Product physical and chemical properties such as pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus anhydride, potassium hydroxide did not reach Agriculture and Food Agency miscellaneous liquid fertilizer standards. Other than that, the quality of products contained both fruits and vegetables is better than those with fruits or vegetables alone. Due to the fact that compost tea pH are between 2.82~3.13, which is far lower than the standard of Miscellaneous organic liquid fertilizer, it is suggested to either take control of temperature or raise the environmental temperature, so the condition of fermentation incomplete can be avoided.
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Lu, Ju-ching, and 盧志清. "The change of pesticide residues during the fermentation of vegetable wastes and the feasibility of making liquid fertilizer." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96263946356069841566.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土壤環境科學系
90
In Taiwan, the vegetable-fruit markets produce much waste, i.e., vegetable residue. For the time being, it has not completely reused. In fact, this waste contains amount of inorganic nutrients and organic materials and should be appropriately renewable and recycling. It’s a good method to reduce the amount of crop wastes or produce compost and organic fertilizer. In this research, we collected vegetable wastes from market, to carry out the pesticides selection and ferment digest test. We used multiresidue method to detect the amount of the pesticides residue. In the process of digestion, detect the amount of pesticides and recovery test, we also measured temperature, pH and EC. In order to understand the decay property of vegetable wastes residual pesticides in the storage process and the change of the property and nutrient, also detected organic C, total N and the amount of Ca, Mg, K, Na, and S after digestion. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in summer vegetable wastes from C-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos (O,O -diethyl -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate）is 3.3 μg g-1, SD is about ±10%, IDL is 0.01 μg g-1.. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in winter vegetable wastes from C-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos is 0.18 μg g-1, Monocrotophos （dimethyl（E）-1-methyl -2-( methylcarbamoyl)vinyl phosphate）is 0.25 μg g-1, Methamidophos ( O,S - dimethyl phosphoramidothioate ) is 0.11 μg g-1, Acephate (O,S- dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate) is 0.07 μg g-1, Isoxathion (O,O- diethyl O-5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl phosphorothioate) is 0.41 μg g-1, SD is about ±5% to ±15%. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in winter vegetablwastes from K-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos is 0.3 μg g-1, Monocrotophos is 0.41 μg g-1, Methamidophos is 0.04 μg g-1, Profenofos is 0.17 μg g-1.. The amount of the pesticides residue in the process of leaf digest and recovery test, show that the recovery of select pesticides are between 80% to 120%, SD is ±1% to ±15% . The degradation of Chlorpyrifos in the process of digestion during summer is fast between 21 to 27 days. But the rate of degradation became slow after 27 days. The degradation of Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos and Isoxathion in the process of digestion during winter is fast because hydrolysis result in digestion between 7 to 21 days. The degradation became slower after 21 days. The pesticides residue time become longer, maybe result from the temperature during winter is colder than summer. The degradation of Monocrotophos was fast, it couldn’t be detect after 21 days. The degradation of Chlorpyrifos is fast in the process of digestion during winter between 0 to 7 days, The degradation became slower after 7 days. The residual time of Methamidophos and Profenofos became more longer. The temperature in the process of fermention was no significant change, pH value after fermention was approach 7. From this research, there are no organochloride pesticides residue such as DDT in the vegetable wastes. Although the vegetable wastes residue organophosphate pesticides, such as Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos and Profenofos. But they will degradation in the process of fermention. Therefore, after fermention, those vegetable wastes can produce liquid fertilizer or as the organic materials.
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Wen-Jing, Lin, and 林文經. "Reclamation of zinc-contaminated soil using dissolved organic matter solution prepared from liquid fertilizer of food waste composting." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48702009374811355602.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
環境工程學系碩士班
101
Soil washing using an acid solution is a common practice for removing heavy metals from contaminated soil in Taiwan. However, significant soil fertility degradation and high operation costs are the major disadvantages of soil washing. soil Washing with a dissolved organic matter (DOM) solution has been identified as a method that can moderate the loss of nutrients in the soil and enhance metal removal. Liquid fertilizer of food waste composting can be used to prepare a dissolved organic matter (DOM) solution. This study employed DOM solutions to remediate Zn-contaminated soil (with concentrations up to 992 and 757 mg kg-1 respectively in topsoil and subsoil) and determined the factors affecting the removal of Zn, such as pH, initial concentration of DOM solution, temperature, and washing frequency. When washing with a DOM solution 1,500 mg L-1 twice (at pH 2.0、25°C) , 45% and 23% of Zn in the topsoil and subsoil were removed , respectively. With this treatment, the organic matter content was increased from 5.0% to 7.5%; available ammonium (N-NH4+) content ranged from 47% to 140%; available phosphorus content ranged from 63% to 65% and exchangeable potassium content ranged from 153% to 499%. Fourier Transform infrared spectrometer scope measurement that liquid fertilizer washing solution contains carboxyl group (COOH), which adsorbed positively charged heavy metal ions, as well as functional groups such as COOH and COO-, which occurred complex reaction with heavy metal ions. This verified the fact that the organic matter in the liquid fertilizer solution indeed had the function of extracting heavy metal ions in soil. The results of pot and germination experiments showed that livability of the planted seedlings approached zero when the soil used has been cleansed. In the germination experiment, germination rate was high but root system of the sprouts so rotted as to die when they contacted the soil, which was similar to the result of the pot experiment. Subsequently, soil column leaching experiment which simulated monsoon rains (pH 4.6、568mm) followed. While potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium in the soil was washed away, the toxicity deriving from overly low pH and the inhibition of absorption of nitrogen, magnesium, and calcium from excessive potash fertilizer in the soil reduced. As a result, this study successfully grew planted seedling and harvested the crop in the pot experiment where column-leached soil. Therefore, it is suggested that crops should not be planted in soil instantly after the soil being treated by cleansing restoration.
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(9787214), Elena Churilova. "Vermicompost leachate (Vermiliquer) as a liquid fertilizer for hydroponically-grown pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) in the tropics." Thesis, 2010. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Vermicompost_leachate_Vermiliquer_as_a_liquid_fertilizer_for_hydroponically-grown_pak_choi_Brassica_chinensis_L_in_the_tropics/13463882.
Full textAbstract:
Vermicompost leachate (vermiliquer) is the liquid obtained from frequent washing of worms, organic inputs and casts. It is rich in nutrients for plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of vermiliquer as an alternative to inorganic nutrient sources in hydorponics.
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Federolf, Carl-Philipp. "Slurry injection to optimize nutrient use efficiency in maize: Regional performance of manure based fertilizer strategies." Doctoral thesis, 2018. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-20181116781.
Full textAbstract:
The expansion of livestock husbandry and biogas production in large parts of northwestern Germany during the last two decades increased the amount of accruing manure, as well as the demand for maize as fodder crop and substrate for biogas plants. To overcome phosphorus deficiency symptoms during early growth of maize, farmers commonly apply mineral starter fertilizers containing ammonium-nitrogen and phosphorus on top of the usual manure applications required to meet crop nutrient demand. This practice typically leads to overfertilization of N and P and the excess nutrients are then prone to be lost into the environment.
Recent developments of agricultural machinery allow for the injection of slurry bands into the soil prior to maize planting. Due to high concentrations of ammonium and phosphorus in the manure band, chemical transformation and translocation of these nutrients is reduced. When the bands are placed near the seeds, even the radicles can access the applied nutrients. Hence, application of mineral starter fertilizers might be obviated. Earlier investigations showed insufficient knowledge of nutrient transformations in manure bands and their consequences on crop growth. To resolve these problems a research project at the University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück was conducted in close cooperation with the local agricultural extension services, machinery producers and farmers.
In a series of field trials, broadcasting of liquid manure was compared to injection with and without a nitrification inhibitor in three consecutive growing seasons (2013 to 2015). The trials were conducted in a split-plot design, where all liquid manure treatments were divided in subplots with and without a mineral starter fertilizer. Biomass samplings at eight leaves stage and harvest gave insight into the performance of the treatments. Compared to broadcast application with starter fertilizer, manure injection showed slightly retarded early growth in some trials. However, yields and nitrogen uptake at harvest were similar. When a nitrification inhibitor was added to the injected manure, early growth was not retarded, yields were alike broadcast and injection treatments, but nitrogen uptake was higher in all seasons (on average ~7%).
To further investigate nitrogen dynamics and crop growth, another field trial was conducted on a sandy soil close to Osnabrück in 2014 and 2015. Manure injection with and without a nitrification inhibitor was compared to broadcast application with mineral starter fertilizer and an unfertilized control treatment. Plant samplings were taken at regular intervals. Major precipitation events in May and June 2014 led to significant nitrate leaching, especially in the broadcast treatment. Manure injection delayed the nitrification of slurry ammonium and consequently the translocation out of the root zone. Thus, plants in injection treatments could accumulate more nitrogen in their biomass and showed less nitrogen deficiency symptoms. This led to increased yield (+16.5%) and nitrogen uptake (+9.6%) for injection treatment with nitrification inhibitor compared to broadcast treatment. In 2015, low temperatures impaired seminal root growth and phosphorus availability. The mineral starter fertilizer in the broadcast treatment led to better early growth than injected slurry. When a nitrification inhibitor was added to the injected manure, less P deficiency symptoms were observed, and the crop growth was only slightly retarded. Due to the high compensation potential of silage maize, these differences were equalized until harvest. Nevertheless, the mean apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency of both seasons was higher in injection treatments with and without nitrification inhibitor, compared to broadcast with mineral starter fertilizer (48%, 56% and 43%, respectively).
To ease the handling of field trial series by decreasing the number of tissue samplings, the use of a handheld sensor was tested during vegetative growth of maize. In the series of field trials with the local extension service, the derived vegetation index showed significant correlations to biomass and nitrogen uptake at eight leaves stage. Measurements of the vegetative growth observed during the nitrogen dynamics trial showed that the sensor needs sufficient leaf area to deliver precise data, but also tends to saturate when maize tassels evolve. The best estimates were found between six and ten leaves. Thus, the sensor can be a valuable tool to reduce numbers of tissue samples and, thus, time and effort needed in fertilization trials.
Altogether, these results should encourage farmers to obviate mineral starter fertilizers by using manure injection when cropping maize on sandy soils. The advantages that come along with manure injection based on the present research indicate higher shares of manure nutrients find their way into the plants due to delayed biochemical transformations. These nutrients are consequently not lost into the environment. Nitrification inhibitors have shown a positive effect on crop performance and led to a further reduction of nitrogen losses. However, further knowledge of their decomposition with special regard to the ecological impact of their compounds and metabolites need to be thoroughly evaluated.
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Chao, Yu-Lung, and 趙豫龍. "Influence of Chicken Manure , Plant Growth Regulator and Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer on Fruit Quality in Wax Apple.( Syzygium samarangense Merr. et Perry )." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72859040589863396998.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
農園生產系所
104
The management of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense Merr. et Perry) plant have a great effect on fruit quality. Especially, fertilizer is more important to fruit growth. This study was conducted on 6 year's old wax apple plants (Big-fruit cultivar) after forced flower. Chicken manure, plant growth regulators (PGR) and seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) were applied to study their effects on fruit quality. Results revealed that fruit quality (in terms of fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness, firmness and sugar content) was improved after treated with fertilizers and PGR. Furthermore, fruit skin color of wax apple showed deeper red in treated plants. However, the difference in titratable acidity is not significant. New shoot growth was more for treatment of 45 kg chicken manure. It may be caused by excessive nitrogen from chicken manure. Although fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width were significantly increased, but the sugar content, firmness and skin color was slightly less than 30 kg chicken manure treatment. Therefore 30 kg chicken manure was recommended in management. The treatment of GA3 (1 mL/60 L of water) and Cytex (1 mL/0.8 L of water) was more effective in increasing fruit weigh, fruit length and fruit width. Especially fruit weight was significant differences than GA3 alone and control. On the other hand, Cytex added showed more effect on fruit growth than GA3 alone. The treatment with different rates of SLF increased fruit weight and sugar content, and its effects increased with spray frequency. However, 3 sprays of SLF were recommended from the economical point.
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Chan, Chou-Chung, and 詹兆竣. "Remediation of the soils contaminated with Cr , Cu , Zn ,and Ni using dissolved organic matter solution prepared from liquid fertilizer of food waste composting with CaCl2 and MgCl2." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54469651893842257889.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
環境工程學系碩士班
103
Liquid fertilizer obtained through kitchen-waste composting was found that it has the ability of removal of heavy metals from a soil by its high organic content. Both Ca2+ and Mg2+ have also been identified that they could replace heavy metals adsorbed on soil particles in neutral and acidity. A soil with severe contamination (termed Soil I), containing Cr (918 ppm), Cu (1015 ppm), Zn (1105 ppm), and Ni (529 ppm), as well as another soil with moderate contamination (termed Soil II), containing Cr (842 ppm), Cu (595 ppm), Zn (661 ppm), and Ni (751 ppm), were collected for reclamation in this study through the treatment of soil washing. Washing reagents were prepared by mixing CaCl2 and MgCl2 with the dissolved organic matter (DOM) solution, which was diluted from the liquid fertilizer. The removals of Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni were examined when the washings were conducted for 60 min twice with 1:80 (S/L) and 100 rpm shaking at pH 2.0 and 40°C. Approximately 29.7%, 80.6%, 86.9%, and 77.6% of Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni were removed from Soil I, respectively; about 16.2%, 98.1%, 74.3%, and 33.3% of Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni were respectively removed from Soil II. The results also identified the addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ encouraged the removal of metals. The maximum removal was obtained after the washing employing the mixture of 0.2M CaCl2/0.2M MgCl2/DOM. When Soil I was treated with this mixture, the removals of Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni were respectively increased 5.5%, 9.1%, 16.8%, and 27.0% in comparison to that obtained by the same treatment but without any addition of Ca and Mg.
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Engels, Heike. "Verhalten von ausgewählten Tetrazyklinen und Sulfonamiden in Wirtschaftsdünger und in Böden." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B028-0.
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Westerschulte, Matthias. "Slurry injection to optimize nutrient use efficiency in maize: Soil nitrogen dynamics and plant nutrient status." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2017090116224.
Full textAbstract:
Maize is the dominant crop in northwestern Germany and is mostly cultivated on sandy soils. Additionally, due to intensive livestock husbandry and biogas production, large amounts of liquid manures are produced. The current farm practice leads to high N and P surpluses at field level accompanied by environmental pollution, like nitrate leaching, eutrophication of non-agricultural ecosystems, and N2O emissions. The accruing liquid manures are often used for maize fertilization. Thereby, slurries are mainly broadcast applied using trailing hose applicators followed by incorporation into the topsoil. In addition, a mineral N P starter fertilizer (MSF) is band-applied below the seed-corn at planting to overcome the limited nutrient availability during the early growth stages. Using a slurry injection technique below the maize row before planting might serve a substitute for MSF. Addition of a nitrification inhibitor (NI) into the slurry before injection seems to be an option to further decrease N losses. The objectives of this thesis were to compare the current and novel fertilizing strategies with a special focus on soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) dynamics and plant P, zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) status. For both issues the effect of adding a NI into the slurry was investigated.
To characterize the SMN dynamics after slurry injection an appropriate soil sampling strategy had to be developed. Therefore, three consecutive field trials were conducted. The first testing of the new soil sampling approach was implemented in an existing experiment where the slurry was injected at a depth of 12 cm (upper rim) below the soil surface. The soil profile (75 cm wide) centered below the maize row was sampled using a grid-like approach to a depth of 90 cm. Around the injection zone, soil monoliths (SM) were sampled using a purpose-built soil shovel. Below the SMs and in the interrow space (15 and 30 cm distance to the row) a standardized auger procedure was used. The second experiment aimed to improve the sampling strategy with focus on sample homogenization quality and necessary sample sizes per pooled sample. In the third experiment this improved sampling strategy was validated. Results from the first testing of the sampling procedure showed that the strategy is suitable, although some problems occurred. Especially the high spread in values among the replications caused high coefficients of variation (CV; mostly 40 – 60%). The improvement trial revealed that for the SM, which contains the slurry band, an intensive homogenization is required. In addition, suitable sample sizes (twelve auger samples and six soil monolith samples per pooled sample) have to be collected to obtain reliable SMN values. Following this enhanced sampling strategy in the final validation trial, the spread in values was considerably reduced and resulted in CV values of mostly < 20%. The method can be adapted to other fertilizer placement strategies and further row crops.
To compare both fertilizing strategies with respect to the spatial and temporal SMN dynamics as well as to the plant nutrient status two field trials were conducted using pig slurry on sandy soils in 2014 and 2015. Four treatments were tested: unfertilized control, broadcast application + MSF, injection, and injection + NI. Soil samples were taken using the new sampling strategy at several dates during the growing season. Plant samples were simultaneously collected to evaluate the plant P, Zn, and Mn status at different growth stages. In 2014, all fertilized N was displaced from the top soil layer of the broadcast treatment until the 6-leaf stage due to heavy rainfall, while N displacement was significantly smaller after slurry injection. The lateral movement of injected slurry N was negligible. In 2015, almost no displacement of fertilized N out of the top soil layer occurred independently of treatments, due to distinctly lower rainfall. The release of slurry N was delayed following broadcast application and large SMN concentrations were detected in the injection zones until the 10-leaf stage. The addition of a NI resulted in significantly increased NH4-N shares in the injection zone throughout the early growth stages (+ 46% in 2014 and + 12% in 2015 at 6-leaf stage). Thus, in 2014 SMN displacement was delayed, and in 2015 increased SMN concentrations were found around the slurry band, most probably due to lower N losses via denitrification. Furthermore, NI addition significantly increased the nutrient uptake by maize during early growth in both years. With P deficiency due to cold weather conditions in 2015, broadcast application showed higher P uptake until the 6-leaf stage (36 – 58%), while it was lower at the 8- (32%) and 10- (19%) leaf stages compared to slurry injection (+ NI). Zn availability was enhanced during early growth after slurry injection (+ NI) and Zn as well as Mn uptake were higher at harvest. Furthermore, dry matter yields were higher (2014) or equal (2015) compared to broadcast application. The P balances were decreased by 10 – 14 kg P ha-1, while Zn and Mn balances were excessive independent of treatments.
The field trials showed that after slurry injection, especially when combined with a NI, the applied nitrogen is located in a soil zone with better spatial availability for plant roots compared to broadcast application. Furthermore, the MSF can be substituted without affecting early growth of maize.
In conclusion, slurry injection leads to equal (or even higher) yields and enables farmers in northwestern Germany to reduce the P and N surpluses. This would support several goals concerning sustainable land use: Lower pollution of ground and surface waters, reduced emission of NH3, more efficient use of the limited rock P reserves, and less need of transporting organic manures out of regions with intensive animal husbandry and/or biogas production. However, slurry injection enhances the risk of N2O emissions, which contributes to climate change. Thus, for a final evaluation of the environmental impact a life cycle assessment would be worthwhile.