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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid-liquid equilibrum'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Komori, Toshiyuki, and Shuzo Ohe. "Vapor-liquid equilibrum data for the system: Cyclohexane-n-heptane at atmospheric pressure." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 16, no. 2 (1990): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.16.384.

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2

Jena, Vinod, Sanjay Ghosh, Sapana Gupta, Piyush Thakur, Noorjahan Ansari, and Natalija Matić. "LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF THE PHOSPHORIC ACID, ESTER AND WATER TERNARY SYSTEM." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 35, no. 2 (2020): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2020.2.8.

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3

Jin, Yi. "Electrochemical Properties of GaCl₃ in Ionic Liquid [C₂mim][GaCl₄]." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2596–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2596.

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Under dry argon atmosphere, the colourless and transparent ionic liquid [C2mim][GaCl4] was synthesized. Using [C2mim][GaCl4] as solvent, a solution of GaCl3with molarity 5.227×10-3 mol/cm3 was prepared at 303.15 K and there is a equilibrum between the solute and the solvent: GaCl3+ [C2mim][GaCl4] → [C2mim][Ga2Cl7]. The cyclic voltammogram of the solution had been carried out relative to Al/Al3+reference electrode, with GC working electrode and Ga counter electrode, with various scan rates from 30 to 700mV/s, in a temperature range of 303.15 to 343.15 K, respectively. The results indicated that

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4

Lozano, L. J., F. J. Alguacil, M. Alonso, and C. Godínez. "Review of algorithms for modeling metal distribution equilibria in liquid-liquid extraction processes." Revista de Metalurgia 41, no. 5 (2005): 374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2005.v41.i5.227.

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5

Kua, Y. L., S. Gan, A. Morris, and H. K. Ng. "Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Ternary Systems of Palm Oil + Ethyl Lactate + Phytonutrients (Carotenes and Tocols) at 303.15 K." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 8, no. 3 (2017): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2017.8.3.659.

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6

Walker, Christoph. "Asymptotic behaviour of liquid–liquid dispersions." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 134, no. 4 (2004): 753–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500003462.

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Based on earlier results on existence, we study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the coalescence-breakage equations, including the volume-scattering phenomenon and high-energy collisions. The solutions are shown to converge towards one particular equilibrium, provided the kernels satisfy a kind of reversibility. We also derive stability of these equilibria in a suitable topology.

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7

Yan, B., R. Guo, and J. Zhang. "A study on phase equilibria in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-“Nb2O5”(5 mass pct) system in reducing atmosphere." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 49, no. 2 (2013): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb120823013y.

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Phase equilibria in 5 mass% ?Nb2O5? plane of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-?Nb2O5? system at 1873 K in an oxygen partial pressure of 1.78?10-6 Pa have been investigated through isothermal equilibration and quenching followed by EPMA examinations. In order to characterize the effect of niobium oxide on the phase relationship of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system, Nb2O5-containing and Nb2O5-free samples with the same CaO/Al2O3/SiO2 weight ratio were investigated simultaneously. The ratios of CaO/Al2O3/SiO2 were selected from the CaO?2Al2O3-liquid two-phase equilibrium region in the CaO-Al2O3- SiO2 system at1873 K. It w

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8

Oktavian, Rama, Agung Ari Wibowo, and Zuraidah Fitriah. "Study on Particle Swarm Optimization Variant and Simulated Annealing in Vapor Liquid Equilibrium Calculation." Reaktor 19, no. 2 (2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.19.2.77-83.

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Phase equilibrium calculation plays a major rule in optimization of separation process in chemical processing. Phase equilibrium calculation is still very challenging due to highly nonlinear and non-convex of mathematical models. Recently, stochastic optimization method has been widely used to solve those problems. One of the promising stochastic methods is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) due to its simplicity and robustness. This study presents the capability of particle swarm optimization for correlating isothermal vapor liquid equilibrium data of water with methanol and ethanol system by

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9

Islam, Akand, and Vinayak Kabadi. "Universal liquid mixture model for vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria in hexane-butanol-water system over the temperature range 10 - 100 °C." Chemical and Process Engineering 32, no. 2 (2011): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-011-0009-3.

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Universal liquid mixture model for vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria in hexane-butanol-water system over the temperature range 10 - 100 °C This is an extended research of the paper (Islam et al., 2011) conducted to obtain a universal set of interaction parameters of the model NRTL over the temperature range 10 - 100 °C for hexane-butanol-water system; meaning for binary pairs hexane-butanol, butanol-water and hexane-water; and for ternary system hexane-butanol-water. Thorough investigations of data selections for all binary pairs (Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE), Liquid-Liquid Equilibri

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10

Domanska, Urszula, and Juan Antonio Gonzalez. "Thermodynamics of mixtures containing a very strongly polar compound. Part II. Solid-liquid equilibria for sulfolane + nitrile systems and characterization of the sulfolane-nitrile and sulfolane-1-alkyne interactions in terms of DISQUAC." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 5 (2002): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-066.

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Equilibrium temperatures for solidliquid transitions of mixtures formed by sulfolane and ethanenitrile, propanenitrile, butanenitrile, or pentanenitrile were measured by a dynamic method. The solidliquid equilibria phase diagrams show positive deviations from Raoult's law, except for the system with ethanenitrile, which is nearly ideal. The sulfolanenitrile and sulfolane1-alkyne interactions have been characterized in terms of the DISQUAC group contribution model. DISQUAC properly represents a complete set of thermodynamic properties: solidliquid equilibria, molar excess enthalpies, and n

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11

Xiao, Yuanyou, Hong Lei, Bin Yang, Guocheng Wang, Qi Wang, and Wei Jin. "Thermodynamic Modelling on Nanoscale Growth of Magnesia Inclusion in Fe-O-Mg Melt." Metals 9, no. 2 (2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020174.

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Nano-magnesia is the intermediate product during the growth of magnesia inclusion in Mg-deoxidized steel. Understanding the thermodynamics on nano-magnesia is important to explore the relationship between magnesia product size and deoxidation reaction in molten steel. In this work, a thermodynamic modeling is developed to study the Mg-deoxidation reaction between nano-magnesia inclusions and liquid iron. The thermodynamic results based on the first principle method show that the Gibbs free energy change for the forming magnesia product decrease gradually with the increasing nano-magnesia size

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12

HODOTSUKA, Masatoshi, Xiaoyong YANG, and Hiroyuki OKUDA. "ICONE15-10169 STUDY ON VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF HYDRIODIC ACID FOR THERMOCHEMICAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IS PROCESS." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_71.

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13

Novák, Josef P., Vlastimil Růžička, Jaroslav Matouš, and Jiří Pick. "Liquid-liquid equilibrium. Computation of liquid-liquid equilibrium in terms of an equation of state." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, no. 7 (1986): 1382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19861382.

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An algorithm for calculating the boiling point pressure at a chosen temperature and composition was used for computing liquid-liquid equilibrium. A lot of attention is paid to the determination of the first approximation which is specified in terms of the conditions of thermodynamic stability. The conditions of thermodynamic stability make as well possible to localize the lower and upper critical end points (LCEP and UCEP. The Redlich-Kwong-Soave equation of state was applied in calculations, and it was found out that this equation with zero interaction parameters predicts well the lower and u

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14

Sedláková, Zuzana, Ivona Malijevská, Karel Řehák, and Pavel Vrbka. "Solid-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in the Formamide-Acetophenone System." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, no. 9 (2006): 1350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20061350.

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Solid-liquid (s-l) and liquid-liquid (l-l) equilibrium was determined in the binary system formamide-acetophenone. The s-l equilibrium was measured by recording time-temperature cooling and warming curves. The l-l equilibrium was obtained in a wide range of temperatures by the turbidity method. A considerable supercooling preceding solidification made it possible to examine metastable l-l equilibrium yet at temperatures lower than the solidus ones. Activity coefficients evaluated from the stable region of l-l equilibrium were correlated by Novák's modification of the Wilson equation. Calculati

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15

Sampath, Vijay R., and Stuart Leipziger. "Vapor-liquid-liquid equilibria computations." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development 24, no. 3 (1985): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i200030a021.

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16

Taboada, M. E., J. A. Asenjo, and B. A. Andrews. "Liquid–liquid and liquid–liquid–solid equilibrium in Na2CO3–PEG–H2O." Fluid Phase Equilibria 180, no. 1-2 (2001): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3812(01)00354-5.

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17

Hu, Mancheng, Quanguo Zhai, Yucheng Jiang, Lihua Jin, and Zhihong Liu. "Liquid−Liquid and Liquid−Liquid−Solid Equilibrium in PEG + Cs2SO4+ H2O." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 49, no. 5 (2004): 1440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je0498558.

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18

Putirka, Keith. "Garnet + liquid equilibrium." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 131, no. 2-3 (1998): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050393.

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19

Chang, Bong Ho, and Young Chan Bae. "Vapor–liquid equilibria and liquid–liquid equilibria calculations of binary polymer solutions." Polymer 43, no. 24 (2002): 6627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00605-5.

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20

Clarke, Colin W., and David N. Glew. "Aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions. Part XV. The deuterium sulfide - deuterium oxide system and the deuterium sulfide D-hydrate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 8 (1998): 1119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-133.

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The univariant (l1l2g) saturation vapor pressure of liquid deuterium oxide (phase l1) with liquid deuterium sulfide (phase l2) in equilibrium with a gas phase (g) has been measured in a stirred titanium reaction vessel at 19 temperatures from 33.003 to 18.905°C and at total pressures from 2.4500 to 1.7428 MPa. The univariant (hl1g) saturation vapor pressure of deuterium sulfide D-hydrate (phase h) in equilibrium with liquid deuterium oxide and a gas phase has been measured at 58 temperatures from 30.666 to 2.798°C and at pressures from 2.2959 to 0.11629 MPa. The maximum temperature for deuteri

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21

Luo, Weiping, Mengqi Yan, XiaoXiao Sheng, et al. "A Unified Thermodynamics Model for Solid–Liquid Equilibrium, Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium, and Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium of Cyclohexane Oxidation Systems: NRTL Model." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58, no. 23 (2019): 10018–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00921.

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22

Thomsen, Kaj, Martin Due Olsen, and Lucas F. F. Corrêa. "Modeling vapor-liquid-liquid-solid equilibrium for acetone-water-salt system." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 10 (2020): 1663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-1013.

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AbstractA compilation of available experimental data for acetone-water mixtures with the reciprocal salt system Na+, K+ || Cl−, SO42− is presented. Significant inconsistencies among experimental data are pointed out. New freezing point measurements are reported for the binary acetone-water system at 12 different compositions. UNIQUAC parameters are determined on the basis of the available data from literature. Modeling results are presented. Vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid equilibria together with thermal properties are reproduced well by the model using only 14 parameters. The m

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23

Ghazi, Hala, Francois James, and Hélène Mathis. "Vapour-liquid phase transition and metastability." ESAIM: Proceedings and Surveys 66 (2019): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/proc/201966002.

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The paper deals with the modelling of the relaxation processes towards thermodynamic equilibrium in a liquid-vapour isothermal mixture. Focusing on the van der Waals equation of state, we construct a constrained optimization problem using Gibbs' formalism and characterize all possible equilibria: coexistence states, pure phases and metastable states. Coupling with time evolution, we develop a dynamical system whose equilibria coincide with the minimizers of the optimization problem. Eventually we consider the coupling with hydrodynamics and use the dynamical system as a relaxation source terms

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24

Marcilla, Antonio, María del Mar Olaya, and María Dolores Serrano. "Comments on Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium Data Regression." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 52, no. 6 (2007): 2538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je700320u.

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25

Fowler, R. T., and R. A. S. Noble. "Liquid-liquid equilibrium in systems containing nicotine." Journal of Applied Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2007): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010070207.

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26

Jancaitienė, Kristina, and Rasa Slinksienė. "Solid-liquid equilibrium in liquid compound fertilizers." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 24, no. 1 (2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160705019j.

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Liquid compound fertilizers (LCF) are aqueous salt solutions which nourish the soil. They contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sometimes calcium, magnesium and micronutrients. An LCF solution has practically no insoluble residue and contains the elements in a fully digestible form and is a high-speed, highly effective fertilizer. It is important to assess the equilibrium in the solid-liquid system when creating liquid compound fertilizers, since their basic properties, concentration and crystallization temperature, depend on it. The aim of the study was to determine properties of a liquid

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27

Růžička, Vlastimil, Renata Frýdová, and Jaromír Novák. "Liquid—liquid equilibrium in methanol + gasoline blends." Fluid Phase Equilibria 32, no. 1 (1986): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(86)87004-2.

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28

Rostami, Masoume, Sona Raeissi, Maziyar Mahmoodi, and Masoud Nowroozi. "Liquid–Liquid Equilibria in Biodiesel Production." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 90, no. 1 (2012): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-012-2144-5.

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29

Vatistas, Georgios H. "A note on liquid vortex sloshing and Kelvin's equilibria." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 217 (August 1990): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090000702.

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Observations of liquid vortex sloshing and Kelvin's equilibrium states were made inside a cylindrical container using a spinning disk near its base. Both steady and periodic free-surface sloshing phenomena were found to take place. During periodic sloshing, the air core sustained shape transformations, assuming an elliptical cross-section at the end, and then collapsed forming a pair of vortices. Kelvin's equilibrium states emerged at lower liquid levels. These were stable within an interval of rotational speeds. The bandwidth of stationary states decreased as the wavenumber (N) increased. For

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30

Habaki, Hiroaki, Kazuaki Miyazaki, and Ryuichi Egashira. "Separation of Cracked Kerosene by Liquid-liquid Extraction —Measurement of Liquid-liquid Equilibrium—." Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute 55, no. 4 (2012): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi.55.241.

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31

Taroni, Michele, and Dominic Vella. "Multiple equilibria in a simple elastocapillary system." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 712 (September 28, 2012): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.418.

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AbstractWe consider the elastocapillary interaction of a liquid drop placed between two elastic beams, which are both clamped at one end to a rigid substrate. This is a simple model system relevant to the problem of surface-tension-induced collapse of flexible micro-channels that has been observed in the manufacture of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). We determine the conditions under which the beams remain separated, touch at a point, or stick along a portion of their length. Surprisingly, we show that in many circumstances multiple equilibrium states are possible. We develop a lubricat

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32

ZHANG, SHIMIN. "THE STABILITY OF LIQUID EVAPORATION EQUILIBRIUM." Surface Review and Letters 12, no. 01 (2005): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x05006846.

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For the evaporation of the pure liquid under the condition of constant temperature and constant external pressure, the phase equilibrium of the liquid vapor in the bubble and the liquid outside the bubble is always a kind of stable equilibrium whether there is air or not in the bubble. If there is no air in the bubble, the bubble and liquid cannot coexist in the mechanical equilibrium when the vapor pressure of the liquid in the bubble is less than or equal to the external pressure; the bubble and liquid can coexist in an unstable equilibrium of mechanics when the vapor pressure of the liquid

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33

Hu, Shi Ping, Juan Han, Yong Sheng Yan, and Yu Tao Hu. "Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for Acetone + Several Citrates Aqueous Two-Phase Systems at Different Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.30.

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Liquid-liquid equilibria for the three kinds of the ternary systems acetone + ammonium, sodium or potassium citrate + water have been determined at T= (273.15, 283.15, and 298.15) K. Binodal curves, tie-lines, and integrated phase diagrams for the ternary systems are given. The data of the experimental bimodal curve are described with a four-parameter equation. The result also shows the temperature has little influence on the liquid-liquid equilibrium within the investigated range. The tie-line data calculated according to the bimodal data fitting equation and the lever arm rule were satisfact

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34

Wyczesany, Andrzej. "Simulation of N-Propanol Dehydration Process Via Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Using the NRTL Equation." Chemical and Process Engineering 38, no. 1 (2017): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2017-0013.

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Abstract Numerical values of the NRTL equation parameters for calculation of the vapour - liquid - liquid equilibria (VLLE) at atmospheric pressures have been presented for 5 ternary mixtures. These values were fitted to the experimental VLLE and vapour - liquid equilibrium (VLE) data to describe simultaneously, as accurately as possible, the VLE and the liquid - liquid equilibria (LLE). The coefficients of this model called further NRTL-VLL were used for simulations of n-propanol dehydration via heterogeneous azeotropic distillation. The calculations performed by a ChemCAD simulator were done

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35

Folas, Georgios K., Georgios M. Kontogeorgis, Michael L. Michelsen, and Erling H. Stenby. "Vapor–liquid, liquid–liquid and vapor–liquid–liquid equilibrium of binary and multicomponent systems with MEG." Fluid Phase Equilibria 249, no. 1-2 (2006): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2006.08.021.

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36

Domańska, Urszula. "Experimental Data of Fluid Phase Equilibria- Correlation and Prediction Models: A Review." Processes 7, no. 5 (2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7050277.

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The examples of phase equilibria in binary systems, solid/liquid (SLE), liquid/liquid (LLE), vapor/liquid (VLE), as well as liquid/liquid equilibria in ternary systems mainly containing ionic liquids (ILs), or the infragrance materials, or pharmaceuticals with molecular organic solvents, such as an alcohol, or water, or hydrocarbons, are presented. The most popular correlation methods of the experimental phase equilibrium data are presented, related to the excess Gibbs free energy models such as Wilson, universal-quasichemical, UNIQUAC and non-random two-liquid model, NRTL as well as several p

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37

Gu, Feiyan, Lihua Wang, and Zhaoli Wu. "Vapor−Liquid and Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium for Octane + Maleic Anhydride System." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 47, no. 4 (2002): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je000383g.

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38

VLADIMIROV, V. A., and K. I. ILIN. "On the energy instability of liquid crystals." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 9, no. 1 (1998): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792597003288.

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The direct Lyapunov method is used to investigate the stability of general equilibria of a nematic liquid crystal. First, we prove the converse Lagrange theorem stating that an equilibrium is unstable to small perturbations if the distortion energy has no minimum at this equilibrium (i.e. if the second variation of the distortion energy evaluated at the equilibrium is not positive definite). The proof is constructive rather than abstract: we explicitly construct a functional that grows exponentially with time by virtue of linearized equations of motion provided the condition of the theorem is

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39

Góral, M., P. Oracz, and S. Warycha. "Vapour–liquid equilibria." Fluid Phase Equilibria 152, no. 1 (1998): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3812(98)00383-5.

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40

Góral, M., P. Oracz, and S. Warycha. "Vapour–liquid equilibria." Fluid Phase Equilibria 169, no. 1 (2000): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3812(00)00306-x.

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41

Góral, M., P. Oracz, and S. Warycha. "Vapour-liquid equilibria." Fluid Phase Equilibria 81 (December 1992): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(92)85156-3.

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42

Sedláková, Zuzana, Ivona Malijevská, and Michal Bureš. "Solid-Liquid Equilibrium in the System Propanoic Acid-Formamide." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 72, no. 7 (2007): 899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20070899.

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Solid-liquid equilibria in the system propanoic acid-formamide were determined from time-temperature cooling and warming curves. In the system, two solid adducts, stable and metastable, were found and their equilibrium dissociation constants were calculated.

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43

Li, Rui, Xianbao Cui, Ying Zhang, Tianyang Feng, and Jialin Cai. "Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium and Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Ethyl Acetate + Ethanol + 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 57, no. 3 (2012): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je200869q.

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44

Subha, R., S. Praveena, B. V. S. Ramesh, Usha, and D. H. L. Prasad. "Vapor−Liquid Equilibrium in Methyl Ethyl Ketone + Ketazine and Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium in Water + Ketazine Mixtures." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 46, no. 6 (2001): 1497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je010051r.

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45

Kim, Jae-Ik, So-Jin Park, Young-Yoon Choi, and Sang-Bae Kim. "Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium, Solid−Liquid Equilibrium, Densities, and Refractivity of a Water, Chloroform, and Acetylacetone Mixture." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 56, no. 5 (2011): 1798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je100747y.

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46

Cai, Jialin, Xianbao Cui, Ying Zhang, Rui Li, and Tianyang Feng. "Vapor−Liquid Equilibrium and Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium of Methyl Acetate + Methanol + 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 56, no. 2 (2011): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je100932m.

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47

Escoffier, Bruno, Hugo Gilbert, and Adèle Pass-Lanneau. "Iterative Delegations in Liquid Democracy with Restricted Preferences." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 02 (2020): 1926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i02.5562.

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Liquid democracy is a collective decision making paradigm which lies between direct and representative democracy. One main feature of liquid democracy is that voters can delegate their votes in a transitive manner so that: A delegates to B and B delegates to C leads to A delegates to C. Unfortunately, because voters' preferences over delegates may be conflicting, this process may not converge. There may not even exist a stable state (also called equilibrium). In this paper, we investigate the stability of the delegation process in liquid democracy when voters have restricted types of preferenc

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48

Byun, Hun-Soo, and Bong-Seop Lee. "Liquid-liquid equilibrium of hydrogen bonding polymer solutions." Polymer 121 (July 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.012.

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Saha, Manoranjan, B. S. Rawat, M. K. Khanna, and B. R. Nautiyal. "Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium Studies on Toluene + Heptane + Solvent." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 43, no. 3 (1998): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je970061l.

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Jordan, A. D. "Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium: Verification of the Lever Rule." Journal of Chemical Education 77, no. 3 (2000): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed077p395.

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