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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid/liquid separation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Brown, Leslie, Martyn J. Earle, Manuela A. Gîlea, Natalia V. Plechkova, and Kenneth R. Seddon. "Ionic Liquid–Liquid Separations Using Countercurrent Chromatography: A New General-Purpose Separation Methodology." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 8 (2017): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch17004.

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Liquid–liquid separations based on countercurrent chromatography, in which at least one phase contains an ionic liquid, represent a new empirical approach for the separation of organic, inorganic, or bio-based materials. A custom-designed instrument has been developed and constructed specifically to perform separations (including transition metal salts, arenes, alkenes, alkanes, and sugars) with ionic liquids, and has been demonstrated for use on the 0.1 to 10 g scale.

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2

Janovszky, Dóra, and Kinga Tomolya. "Designing Amorphous/Crystalline Composites by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.473.

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The Cu-Zr-Ag system is characterized by a miscibility gap. The liquid separates into Ag-rich and Cu-Zr rich liquids. Yttrium was added to the Cu-Zr-Ag and Cu-Zr-Ag-Al systems and its influence on liquid immiscibility was studied. This alloying element has been chosen to check the effect of the heat of mixing between silver and the given element. In the case of Ag-Y system it is highly negative (-29 kJ/mol). The liquid becomes immiscible in the Cu-Zr-Ag-Y system. To the effect of Y addition the quaternary liquid decomposed into Ag-Y rich and Cu-Zr rich liquids. The Y addition increased the field of miscibility gap. An amorphous/crystalline composite with 6 mm thickness has been successfully produced by liquid-liquid separation based on preliminary calculation of its composition. The matrix was Cu38Zr48Al6Ag8 and the crystalline phases were Ag-Y rich separate spherical droplets.

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3

Wang, Zhecun, Jianlin Yang, Shiyu Song, Jing Guo, Jifu Zheng, Tauqir A. Sherazi, Shenghai Li, and Suobo Zhang. "Patterned, anti-fouling membrane with controllable wettability for ultrafast oil/water separation and liquid–liquid extraction." Chemical Communications 56, no. 80 (2020): 12045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04804f.

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A novel liquid-infused patterned porous membrane system exhibits excellent interfacial floatability at the oil–water interface as a separator, providing high performance and convenient separation of liquids.

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4

Kostanyan, Artak A., Andrey A. Voshkin, and Vera V. Belova. "Analytical, Preparative, and Industrial-Scale Separation of Substances by Methods of Countercurrent Liquid-Liquid Chromatography." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 6020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246020.

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Countercurrent liquid-liquid chromatographic techniques (CCC), similar to solvent extraction, are based on the different distribution of compounds between two immiscible liquids and have been most widely used in natural product separations. Due to its high load capacity, low solvent consumption, the diversity of separation methods, and easy scale-up, CCC provides an attractive tool to obtain pure compounds in the analytical, preparative, and industrial-scale separations. This review focuses on the steady-state and non-steady-state CCC separations ranging from conventional CCC to more novel methods such as different modifications of dual mode, closed-loop recycling, and closed-loop recycling dual modes. The design and modeling of various embodiments of CCC separation processes have been described.

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5

Crowe, Charles D., and Christine D. Keating. "Liquid–liquid phase separation in artificial cells." Interface Focus 8, no. 5 (August 17, 2018): 20180032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0032.

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Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biology is a recently appreciated means of intracellular compartmentalization. Because the mechanisms driving phase separations are grounded in physical interactions, they can be recreated within less complex systems consisting of only a few simple components, to serve as artificial microcompartments. Within these simple systems, the effect of compartmentalization and microenvironments upon biological reactions and processes can be studied. This review will explore several approaches to incorporating LLPS as artificial cytoplasms and in artificial cells, including both segregative and associative phase separation.

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6

Roy, Subhrajit, and Arindam Basu. "An Online Structural Plasticity Rule for Generating Better Reservoirs." Neural Computation 28, no. 11 (November 2016): 2557–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00886.

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In this letter, we propose a novel neuro-inspired low-resolution online unsupervised learning rule to train the reservoir or liquid of liquid state machines. The liquid is a sparsely interconnected huge recurrent network of spiking neurons. The proposed learning rule is inspired from structural plasticity and trains the liquid through formating and eliminating synaptic connections. Hence, the learning involves rewiring of the reservoir connections similar to structural plasticity observed in biological neural networks. The network connections can be stored as a connection matrix and updated in memory by using address event representation (AER) protocols, which are generally employed in neuromorphic systems. On investigating the pairwise separation property, we find that trained liquids provide 1.36 [Formula: see text] 0.18 times more interclass separation while retaining similar intraclass separation as compared to random liquids. Moreover, analysis of the linear separation property reveals that trained liquids are 2.05 [Formula: see text] 0.27 times better than random liquids. Furthermore, we show that our liquids are able to retain the generalization ability and generality of random liquids. A memory analysis shows that trained liquids have 83.67 [Formula: see text] 5.79 ms longer fading memory than random liquids, which have shown 92.8 [Formula: see text] 5.03 ms fading memory for a particular type of spike train inputs. We also throw some light on the dynamics of the evolution of recurrent connections within the liquid. Moreover, compared to separation-driven synaptic modification', a recently proposed algorithm for iteratively refining reservoirs, our learning rule provides 9.30%, 15.21%, and 12.52% more liquid separations and 2.8%, 9.1%, and 7.9% better classification accuracies for 4, 8, and 12 class pattern recognition tasks, respectively.

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7

Strniša, Filip, Polona Žnidaršič-Plazl, and Igor Plazl. "Lattice Boltzmann Modeling-based Design of a Membrane-free Liquid-liquid Microseparator." Chemical & biochemical engineering quarterly 34, no. 2 (2020): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2020.1781.

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The benefits of continuous processing and the challenges related to the integration with efficient downstream units for end-to-end manufacturing have spurred the development of efficient miniaturized continuously-operated separators. Membrane-free microseparators with specifically positioned internal structures subjecting fluids to a capillary pressure gradient have been previously shown to enable efficient gas-liquid separation. Here we present initial studies on the model-based design of a liquid-liquid microseparator with pillars of various diameters between two plates. For the optimization of in silico separator performance, mesoscopic lattice-Boltzmann modeling was used. Simulation results at various conditions revealed the possibility to improve the separation of two liquids by changing the geometrical characteristics of the microseparator.

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8

Sommer, Julia, Birgit Bromberger, Christian Robben, Roland Kalb, Peter Rossmanith, and Patrick-Julian Mester. "Liquid-liquid extraction of viral particles with ionic liquids." Separation and Purification Technology 254 (January 2021): 117591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117591.

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9

Zhang, Yongbin. "Optimized Tree-Type Cylindrical-Shaped Nanoporous Filtering Membranes with 3 or 5 Branch Pores in Each Pore Tree." Current Nanoscience 15, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413714666181012122839.

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Background: It is necessary to investigate the performances of the optimized tree-type cylindrical-shaped nanoporous filtering membranes with 3 or 5 branch pores in each pore tree. Objective: To explore the design method for and the performances of the liquid-particle and liquidliquid separations of the optimized tree-type cylindrical-shaped nanoporous filtering membranes with 3 or 5 branch pores in each pore tree. Methods: The analysis was made for the flow resistance of the studied membrane based on the nanoscale flow equation. The optimum ratios of the radius of the trunk pore to the radius of the branch pore were typically calculated for yielding the lowest flow resistance of this membrane. The capability of the liquid-liquid separation of this membrane was investigated by exploring the flow resistances of this membrane for different liquids. Results: The optimum ratios of the radius of the trunk pore to the radius of the branch pore were typically calculated for the maximum fluxes of these membranes for different passing liquid-pore wall interactions. They can be used for the design of the studied membranes for liquid-particle or liquid-liquid separations. The flow resistances of the studied membranes in the optimum condition for different liquids were also calculated, and the capability of the liquid-liquid separation of the membranes is evidenced. Conclusion: The obtained results can be used for the design of the studied membranes for achieving their optimum operating condition, by taking the ratio of the radius of the trunk pore to the radius of the branch pore as optimum. The studied membranes also have good capabilities of liquid-liquid separations if the mixed liquids have greatly different interactions with the pore wall and the radius of the branch pore is below 3nm or less.

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10

Krawczyk, Marek, Kamil Kamiński, and Jerzy Petera. "Experimental and numerical investigation of electrostatic spray liquid-liquid extraction with ionic liquids." Chemical and Process Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-012-0015-0.

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Experimental and numerical investigation of electrostatic spray liquid-liquid extraction with ionic liquids A new concept of an electrostatic spray column for liquid-liquid extraction was investigated. An important problem for separation processes is the presence of azeotropic or close-boiling mixtures in their production, for example heptane with ethanol, since the separation is impossible by ordinary distillation. The use of ionic liquids (IL) as a dispersed solvent specially engineered for any specific organic mixture in terms of selectivity is a key factor to successful separation. As IL present particularly attractive combination of favorable characteristics for the separation of heptane and ethanol, in this work we use 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate [BMIM][MeSO4]. Because of high viscosity and relatively high cost of IL a new technique was introduced, consisting in the electrostatically spray generation to enhance the mass transport between the phases. In order to optimally design the geometry of the contactor a series of numerical simulation was performed. Especially multi-nozzle variants for better exploitation of contactor volume were investigated. Experiments showed excellent possibility of control of the dispersion characteristics by applied voltage and thus control of the rate of extraction. The preliminary simulations based on our mathematical model for a three nozzle variant exhibited visual agreement with the theory of electrostatics.

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11

Larriba, Marcos, Pablo Navarro, Noemí Delgado-Mellado, Victor Stanisci, Julián García, and Francisco Rodríguez. "Separation of aromatics from n -alkanes using tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquids: Liquid-liquid extraction, vapor-liquid separation, and thermophysical characterization." Journal of Molecular Liquids 223 (November 2016): 880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.09.017.

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12

Yang, Qiwei, Huabin Xing, Yifeng Cao, Baogen Su, Yiwen Yang, and Qilong Ren. "Selective Separation of Tocopherol Homologues by Liquid−Liquid Extraction Using Ionic Liquids." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 48, no. 13 (July 2009): 6417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie801847e.

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13

Karpińska, Monika, Michał Wlazło, and Urszula Domańska. "The Ethylbenzene/Styrene Preferential Separation with Ionic Liquids in Liquid–Liquid Extraction." Journal of Solution Chemistry 47, no. 10 (May 5, 2018): 1578–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10953-018-0755-7.

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14

Friess, Karel, Pavel Izák, Magda Kárászová, Mariia Pasichnyk, Marek Lanč, Daria Nikolaeva, Patricia Luis, and Johannes Carolus Jansen. "A Review on Ionic Liquid Gas Separation Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11020097.

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Ionic liquids have attracted the attention of the industry and research community as versatile solvents with unique properties, such as ionic conductivity, low volatility, high solubility of gases and vapors, thermal stability, and the possibility to combine anions and cations to yield an almost endless list of different structures. These features open perspectives for numerous applications, such as the reaction medium for chemical synthesis, electrolytes for batteries, solvent for gas sorption processes, and also membranes for gas separation. In the search for better-performing membrane materials and membranes for gas and vapor separation, ionic liquids have been investigated extensively in the last decade and a half. This review gives a complete overview of the main developments in the field of ionic liquid membranes since their first introduction. It covers all different materials, membrane types, their preparation, pure and mixed gas transport properties, and examples of potential gas separation applications. Special systems will also be discussed, including facilitated transport membranes and mixed matrix membranes. The main strengths and weaknesses of the different membrane types will be discussed, subdividing them into supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), poly(ionic liquids) or polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), polymer/ionic liquid blends (physically or chemically cross-linked ‘ion-gels’), and PIL/IL blends. Since membrane processes are advancing as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional separation processes, having shown promising results for complex new separation challenges like carbon capture as well, they may be the key to developing a more sustainable future society. In this light, this review presents the state-of-the-art of ionic liquid membranes, to analyze their potential in the gas separation processes of the future.

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15

Valiullin, Rustem, Dulce Vargas-Kruså, and István Furó. "Liquid–liquid phase separation in micropores." Current Applied Physics 4, no. 2-4 (April 2004): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2003.11.051.

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16

Hyman, Anthony A., Christoph A. Weber, and Frank Jülicher. "Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Biology." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 30, no. 1 (October 11, 2014): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100913-013325.

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17

Alberti, Simon, and Dorothee Dormann. "Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Disease." Annual Review of Genetics 53, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043527.

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We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ability to develop effective disease treatments. To overcome this limitation, we need new concepts to describe and comprehend the complex mechanisms underlying human diseases. Condensate formation by phase separation emerges as a new principle to explain the organization of living cells. In this review, we present emerging evidence that aberrant forms of condensates are associated with many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. We examine disease mechanisms driven by aberrant condensates, and we point out opportunities for therapeutic interventions. We conclude that phase separation provides a useful new framework to understand and fight some of the most severe human diseases.

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18

Guo, Qi, Xiangmin Shi, and Xiangting Wang. "RNA and liquid-liquid phase separation." Non-coding RNA Research 6, no. 2 (June 2021): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.04.003.

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19

Li, Qian, Xi Wang, Zhihui Dou, Weishan Yang, Beifang Huang, Jizhong Lou, and Zhuqing Zhang. "Protein Databases Related to Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 6796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186796.

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Liquid−liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biomolecules, which underlies the formation of membraneless organelles (MLOs) or biomolecular condensates, has been investigated intensively in recent years. It contributes to the regulation of various physiological processes and related disease development. A rapidly increasing number of studies have recently focused on the biological functions, driving, and regulating mechanisms of LLPS in cells. Based on the mounting data generated in the investigations, six databases (LLPSDB, PhaSePro, PhaSepDB, DrLLPS, RNAgranuleDB, HUMAN CELL MAP) have been developed, which are designed directly based on LLPS studies or the component identification of MLOs. These resources are invaluable for a deeper understanding of the cellular function of biomolecular phase separation, as well as the development of phase-separating protein prediction and design. In this review, we compare the data contents, annotations, and organization of these databases, highlight their unique features, overlaps, and fundamental differences, and discuss their suitable applications.

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20

Lozinskiy, Vladimir, Yuriy Antonov, Liliya Damshkaln, Mariam Ezernitskaya, and Yuliya Glotova. "Wide-Pore Cryogels Prepared Using the Combination of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation and Cryotropic Gel-Formation Processes." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 10. Innovatcionnaia deiatel’nost’, no. 3 (October 2015): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu10.2015.3.3.

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21

Hagihara, K., H. Mabuse, T. Watanabe, M. Kawai, and M. Saito. "Effective liquid-phase methanol synthesis utilizing liquid-liquid separation." Energy Conversion and Management 36, no. 6-9 (June 1995): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(95)00072-l.

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22

Innocenti, D., A. Ricci, N. Poccia, G. Campi, M. Fratini, and Antonio Bianconi. "A Model for Liquid-Striped Liquid Phase Separation in Liquids of Anisotropic Polarons." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 22, no. 6 (April 9, 2009): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-009-0474-9.

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23

Cilliers, J. "Solid—liquid separation." Powder Technology 68, no. 1 (October 1991): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(91)80071-p.

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24

Tang, Lei. "Liquid phase separation." Nature Methods 16, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0269-7.

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25

Zhao, Ru-Song, Xia Wang, Fu-Wei Li, Shan-Shan Wang, Li-Li Zhang, and Chuan-Ge Cheng. "Ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction." Journal of Separation Science 34, no. 7 (February 25, 2011): 830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201000802.

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26

De Koning, J. R. A., E. J. Bakker, and P. C. Rem. "Sorting of vegetable seeds by magnetic density separation in comparison with liquid density separation." Seed Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (October 1, 2011): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2011.39.3.06.

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27

Ashgriz, N., and J. Y. Poo. "Coalescence and separation in binary collisions of liquid drops." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 221 (December 1990): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090003536.

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An extensive experimental investigation of the binary collision dynamics of water drops for size ratios of 1. 0.75, and 0.5, for the Weber-number range of 1 to 100, and for all impact parameters is reported. Two different types of separating collisions, namely reflexive and stretching separations, are identified. Reflexive separation is found to occur for near head-on collisions, while stretching separation occurs for large-impact-parameter collisions. The boundaries between both of the separating collisions and coalescence collision are found experimentally. Theoretical models for predictions of the reflexive and stretching separation are also given.

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28

Cichowska-Kopczyńska, Iwona, Monika Joskowska, Bartosz Dębski, Justyna Łuczak, and Robert Aranowski. "Influence of Ionic Liquid Structure on Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes Effectiveness in Carbon Dioxide/Methane Separation." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/980689.

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This paper indicates the possibility of application of imidazolium ionic liquids immobilized in polymeric supports—supported ionic liquid membranes—in CO2separation from gaseous streams (e.g., biogas). Imidazolium salts containing alkyl fluoride anions, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and trifluoromethanesulfonate, selectively separating CO2were used. The permeability of CO2through membranes was investigated under gas pressure of 30 kPa and temperature range 283–298 K. Permeability values occurred to be higher for ionic liquids containing bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion. Moreover, CO2permeability exhibited an increase with increasing temperature for all investigated systems. Stability of supported ionic liquid membranes was studied. In total, polypropylene membrane revealed the best properties, mechanical stability and observed wettability of this support were better than for polyamide and polyvinylidene fluoride ones. Polyethersulfone supports showed similar contact angles; however, its mechanical stability was significantly lower. Obtained results allowed to evaluate the effectiveness of separation process using selected ILs and supports.

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29

Wu, Peng Hui, Ning Liu, and Zhi Xuan Zhu. "Liquid-Phase Separation of Undercooled Fe-Cu-Si Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.160.

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Liquid phase separation occurred in undercooled Fe-Cu alloys when the undercooling of the melt exceeds a critical value. 5at.% of Si was added into Cu50Fe50 alloy to investigate its effect on the liquid phase separation of Fe-Cu alloys in this paper. It indicated that the addition of Si could enhance the liquid-phase separation in Cu50Fe50 alloy. Additionally, with the increase of undercooling, second liquid-separation occurred in Fe-rich liquids, and many globular, tadpole and peanut-like morphology emerged in the Fe-rich region of Fe45Cu50Si5 alloy. Because of the mixing enthalpy of Fe-Si atomic pairs is more negative than that of Cu-Si atomic pairs; so Si is inclined to rich in Fe-rich region.

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30

Chen, Dong-xuan, Xiao-kun OuYang, Yang-guang Wang, Li-ye Yang, and Chao-hong He. "Liquid–liquid extraction of caprolactam from water using room temperature ionic liquids." Separation and Purification Technology 104 (February 2013): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.11.035.

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31

André, Alain A. M., and Evan Spruijt. "Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Crowded Environments." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 5908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165908.

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Biomolecular condensates play a key role in organizing cellular fluids such as the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. Most of these non-membranous organelles show liquid-like properties both in cells and when studied in vitro through liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) of purified proteins. In general, LLPS of proteins is known to be sensitive to variations in pH, temperature and ionic strength, but the role of crowding remains underappreciated. Several decades of research have shown that macromolecular crowding can have profound effects on protein interactions, folding and aggregation, and it must, by extension, also impact LLPS. However, the precise role of crowding in LLPS is far from trivial, as most condensate components have a disordered nature and exhibit multiple weak attractive interactions. Here, we discuss which factors determine the scope of LLPS in crowded environments, and we review the evidence for the impact of macromolecular crowding on phase boundaries, partitioning behavior and condensate properties. Based on a comparison of both in vivo and in vitro LLPS studies, we propose that phase separation in cells does not solely rely on attractive interactions, but shows important similarities to segregative phase separation.

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32

Arnauts, J., R. De Cooman, P. Vandeweerdt, R. Koningsveld, and H. Berghmans. "Calorimetric analysis of liquid—liquid phase separation." Thermochimica Acta 238 (June 1994): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(94)85204-9.

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33

Schuur, Boelo, Bastiaan J. V. Verkuijl, Adriaan J. Minnaard, Johannes G. de Vries, Hero J. Heeres, and Ben L. Feringa. "Chiral separation by enantioselective liquid–liquid extraction." Org. Biomol. Chem. 9, no. 1 (2011): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00610f.

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34

Mosses, Joanna, David A. Turton, Leo Lue, Jan Sefcik, and Klaas Wynne. "Crystal templating through liquid–liquid phase separation." Chemical Communications 51, no. 6 (2015): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07880b.

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35

Li, Pilong, and Rongbo Wu. "Liquid-liquid phase separation and biomolecular condensates." Chinese Science Bulletin 64, no. 22 (June 27, 2019): 2285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972019-00281.

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36

Behr, Arno, Guido Henze, and Reinhard Schomäcker. "Thermoregulated Liquid/Liquid Catalyst Separation and Recycling." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 348, no. 12-13 (August 2006): 1485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200606094.

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37

Grunlan, Melissa A., Katherine R. Regan, and David E. Bergbreiter. "Liquid/liquid separation of polysiloxane-supported catalysts." Chemical Communications, no. 16 (2006): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b601120a.

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38

Jeelani, S. A. K., and S. Hartland. "The continuous separation of liquid/liquid dispersions." Chemical Engineering Science 48, no. 2 (January 1993): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(93)80012-f.

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39

Yu, Zai-Qun, Fang-Kun Zhang, and Reginald Beng Hee Tan. "Liquid–liquid phase separation in pharmaceutical crystallization." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 174 (October 2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2021.07.028.

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40

Mahmood, Raid Ahmed, David Buttsworth, and Ray Malpress. "Computational and Experimental Investigation of the Vertical Flash Tank Separator Part 1: Effect of Parameters on Separation Efficiency." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 27, no. 01 (March 2019): 1950005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132519500056.

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The flash tank separator is one of the most important components that can be used to improve the performance of a refrigeration cycle by separating the liquid from the gas–liquid two-phase flow and providing the evaporator with only liquid refrigerant. This technique increases the effective area and enhances the heat transfer coefficient in the evaporator. To optimize the size of the vertical flash tank separator for obtaining high separation efficiency, the effect of the size of the vertical flash tank separator needs to be considered. This paper investigates the effect of the size on the liquid separation efficiency of the vertical flash tank separator. This paper also assesses the usefulness of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) in flash tank design, and this is achieved through experiments and simulations on a range of relevant configurations using water as the working fluid. The results revealed that the size has a significant effect on the liquid separation efficiency, as the highest value was achieved by the largest size (VFT-V5). The CFD simulations give a good agreement with the experiments; all the simulations underestimated the liquid separation efficiency by approximately 0.02 over the range of conditions tested.

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41

Elhenawy, Salma, Majeda Khraisheh, Fares AlMomani, and Mohamed Hassan. "Key Applications and Potential Limitations of Ionic Liquid Membranes in the Gas Separation Process of CO2, CH4, N2, H2 or Mixtures of These Gases from Various Gas Streams." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 4274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184274.

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Heightened levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) have prompted research into techniques for their capture and separation, including membrane separation, chemical looping, and cryogenic distillation. Ionic liquids, due to their negligible vapour pressure, thermal stability, and broad electrochemical stability have expanded their application in gas separations. This work provides an overview of the recent developments and applications of ionic liquid membranes (ILMs) for gas separation by focusing on the separation of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), or mixtures of these gases from various gas streams. The three general types of ILMs, such as supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), ionic liquid polymeric membranes (ILPMs), and ionic liquid mixed-matrix membranes (ILMMMs) for the separation of various mixed gas systems, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, issues, challenges, computational studies and future perspectives for ILMs are also considered. The results of the analysis show that SILMs, ILPMs, and the ILMMs are very promising membranes that have great potential in gas separation processes. They offer a wide range of permeabilities and selectivities for CO2, CH4, N2, H2 or mixtures of these gases. In addition, a comparison was made based on the selectivity and permeability of SILMs, ILPMs, and ILMMMs for CO2/CH4 separation based on a Robeson’s upper bound curves.

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Hagihara, K., H. Mabuse, T. Watanabe, and M. Saito. "Liquid phase methanol synthesis from CO2 utilizing liquid-liquid separation." Catalysis Today 36, no. 1 (April 1997): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(96)00193-9.

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Wang, Baihui, Yingbin Li, Mingjun Deng, Baolu Shi, Wenjin Shang, and Bo Xu. "Simulation and Experimental Research on a Gas Liquid Separator with Rotary Impeller." MATEC Web of Conferences 316 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031603001.

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Gas-liquid separation technology under microgravity is the basis for various gas and liquid treatments on a manned spacecraft, which has a wide range of applications in Environmental Control and Life Support System. Dynamic gas-liquid separator is commonly used for the separation of gas-liquid two-phase flow, which has two essential performance parameters called liquid outlet pressure and separating efficiency. Predicting these two parameters accurately under a specific structure has guiding significance for design and application of the dynamic gas-liquid separator. In this study, CFD simulations were conducted using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model at steady state conditions. In addition, experiments were designed to verify the accuracy of numerical results. Finally, the performance of the separator under microgravity was predicted. It is showed that the simulation method can be utilized to determine the transport performance of dynamic gas-liquid separator, which has significant value in design and optimization.

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Schuller, Sophie, Olivier Pinet, and Bruno Penelon. "Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Process in Borosilicate Liquids Enriched in Molybdenum and Phosphorus Oxides." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 94, no. 2 (October 14, 2010): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04131.x.

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Neves, Catarina M. S. S., José F. O. Granjo, Mara G. Freire, Al Robertson, Nuno M. C. Oliveira, and João A. P. Coutinho. "Separation of ethanol–water mixtures by liquid–liquid extraction using phosphonium-based ionic liquids." Green Chemistry 13, no. 6 (2011): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1gc15079k.

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Karpińska, Monika, Michał Wlazło, and Urszula Domańska. "Investigation on the ethylbenzene/styrene separation efficiency with ionic liquids in liquid–liquid extraction." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 128 (December 2017): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2017.10.016.

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Shukla, Shashi Kant, Shubha Pandey, and Siddharth Pandey. "Applications of ionic liquids in biphasic separation: Aqueous biphasic systems and liquid–liquid equilibria." Journal of Chromatography A 1559 (July 2018): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.019.

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Hu, X., J. Yu, and H. Liu. "Separation of THF and water by room temperature ionic liquids." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 11 (May 1, 2006): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.359.

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Liquid–liquid equilibrium data are presented for mixtures of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride or tetrafluoroborate + tetrahydrofuran(THF) + water at 293.15 K. The data presented provides a valuable insight into how the environmentally friendly ionic liquid solvent can have the separation power of THF-water azeotropic systems. The sloping of the tie lines towards the THF vertex is investigated for mixtures of l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride (or tetrafluoroborate) + THF + water. Selectivity values, derived from the tie line data, indicate that these two ionic liquids are suitable solvents for the liquid–liquid extraction of water from THF.

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Habaki, Hiroaki, Kazuaki Miyazaki, and Ryuichi Egashira. "Separation of Cracked Kerosene by Liquid-liquid Extraction —Measurement of Liquid-liquid Equilibrium—." Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute 55, no. 4 (2012): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1627/jpi.55.241.

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Trijid, Wilawan, Tipapon Khamdaeng, Thanasit Wongsiriamnuay, and Numpon Panyoyai. "Design and performance testing of liquid separation fryer." E3S Web of Conferences 187 (2020): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018704005.

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This study presents a liquid separation fryer using the principle of heat transfer between different liquids, oil, and water, to be used as a hot and cold fluid in the frying process, respectively. It causes small pieces of food to fall into the water zone, causing no burns, which causes the fried oil not to be black and smokeless while cooking. This study was comparing the efficiency of the frying results between the liquid separation fryer with the conventional frying pans at the same process is 180°C of oil temperature, use the polar test set to measure the quality of the oil. The results found that the number of frying process in liquid separation fryer has 27 times more than regarding the amount of an extreme in used by conventional frying pans. From the prototype experiment, the fuel frying rate was reduced by 16.79%, causing the production cost to decrease by 20.6%. The production volume was more than 20.1% than the conventional pan; because of this, the liquid separation fryer has a temperature-controlled to save the amount of gas used.

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