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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid loadings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

WANG, XIAOLING, KAI ZHAO, and HUI ZHAO. "FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF BIOFILM VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR UNDER VARIOUS LOADINGS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 18, no. 05 (2018): 1850056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519418500562.

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Experiments showed that biofilms exhibit viscoelasticity under both displacement and stress loadings, irrespective of pellicles at liquid–air interface or biofilms at solid–liquid interface. However, the general theoretical models are lacking inuniformly and quantitatively describing biofilms’ viscoelastic behavior under various loading conditions. We use the linear viscoelastic theory — Generalized Maxwell model to describe the viscoelastic mechanical properties of biofilms, and study the responses of biofilms under different loadings, including various strain/stress loading rates and cyclic

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Endo, Takatsugu, Shunsuke Fujii, Ei Mon Aung, et al. "Cellulose structural change in various biomass species pretreated by ionic liquid at different biomass loadings." BioResources 13, no. 3 (2018): 6663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.6663-6677.

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High biomass loading is a key technique to reduce the pretreatment cost of lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, various biomass species such as bagasse, erianthus, cedar, and eucalyptus were pretreated using an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, at different biomass loadings, particularly focusing on a high loading region. Cellulose structural changes in pretreated biomass were investigated via X-ray scattering and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. The structural behaviors roughly fell into two categories, corresponding to either grassy (bagasse

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3

Shah, Mati Ullah, and Muhammad Usman. "An experimental study of tuned liquid column damper controlled multi-degree of freedom structure subject to harmonic and seismic excitations." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (2022): e0269910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269910.

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A tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) is a passive vibration control device that not only mitigates unwanted structural vibrations but also acts as a water storage facility in a building. These aspects of TLCD make its application specifically suited for building structures. Previously, many experimental works on TLCDs have been conducted considering a single degree of freedom (SDOF) structure. However, the performance of TLCDs to control the response of multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) structure has rarely been studied experimentally. Therefore, this study has investigated the performance of a tu

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4

Sonko, El hadji Mamadou, Mbaye Mbéguéré, Cheikh Diop, Seydou Niang, and Linda Strande. "Effect of hydraulic loading frequency on performance of planted drying beds for the treatment of faecal sludge." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 4 (2014): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.024.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of loading frequency on treatment performance of faecal sludge (FS) with drying beds planted with Echinochloa pyramidalis. Beds were loaded at a constant total solids (TS) loading rate of 200 kg TS/m2*year, at a frequency of 1X, 2X or 3X per week. The FS was highly variable, with a range of 2,600–21,492 mg/L TS, which resulted in variable hydraulic loadings. Weekly monitoring was conducted 23 times over a period of nine months. Increased loading frequency resulted in increased plant growth with 211, 265 and 268 plants/m2, respectively, for the 1X

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Rodríguez-Fabià, Sandra, Jens Norrman, Hanna K. Knuutila, Johan Sjöblom, and Kristofer Paso. "CO2 in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals: Phase Equilibria Behavior and Rheology." Polymers 11, no. 2 (2019): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020309.

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The CO2 absorption of liquid crystalline phases of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic L92, (EO)8(PO)47(EO)8), monoethanolamine (MEA), and water, with a composition of 60% L92/10% MEA/30% water has been investigated to assess potential use in carbon capture and storage applications. Vapor–liquid equilibrium data of the liquid crystalline system with CO2 was recorded up to a CO2 partial pressure of 6 bar, where a loading of 38.6 g CO2/kg sample was obtained. Moreover, the phase transitions occurring during the loading process were investigated by small angl

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Allar, A. D., and B. Beler Baykal. "Stagewise processing of yellow water using clinoptilolite for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery and higher residual quality." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 12 (2015): 1869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.176.

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Source-separated human urine may be used as a source of fertilizers indirectly through processing with clinoptilolite. The suggested form of fertilizer is clinoptilolite loaded with plant nutrients from urine, where nitrogen and phosphorus will be released upon contact with water. Triggered by the need for handling high concentrations remaining in the liquid phase to be disposed of, this paper aims to present the option of improving the residual nutrient quality through stagewise processing with clinoptilolite, while investigating any improvement in nutrient removal. Two sets of experiments, s

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Strelnikova, E., D. Kriutchenko, V. Gnitko, and A. Tonkonozhenko. "Liquid Vibrations in Cylindrical Tanks with and Without Baffles Under Lateral and Longitudinal Excitations." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 25, no. 3 (2020): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2020-0038.

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AbstractThe paper is devoted to issues of estimating free surface elevations in rigid cylindrical fluid-filled tanks under external loadings. The possibility of baffles installation is provided. The liquid vibrations caused by lateral and longitudinal harmonic loadings are under consideration. Free, forced and parametrical vibrations are examined. Modes of the free liquid vibrations are considered as basic functions for the analysis of forced and parametric vibrations. The modes of the free liquid vibrations in baffled and un-baffled cylindrical tanks are received by using single-domain and mu

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Seitkazinova, K. K., D. S. Myrzaliyev, О. B. Seidullayeva, A. A. Amanzhol та A. B. Usserov. "Еrosion damage under pulsed drop-impact loadings". BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 149, № 4 (2024): 282–92. https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2024-149-4-282-292.

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Material behavior under impulse drop-impact loading is considered. The process of interaction of the drop with the surface of the barrier is described. The most stressed areas capable of fracture are revealed. The hydraulic pressure acting on the contact surface is shown. The processes occurring at impact of part of the liquid with a material are described step by step. At the first stage, stress and strain waves appear in the material and in part of the liquid. Further drops of liquid embed into the barrier and their depth of embedding depends on the ratio of the power of external impact to t

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9

Gilmore, K. R., K. J. Husovitz, T. Holst, and N. G. Love. "Influence of organic and ammonia loading on nitrifier activity and nitrification performance for a two-stage biological aerated filter system." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 7 (1999): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0363.

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A pilot-scale, two-stage (carbon oxidation stage one, ammonia oxidation stage two) fixed film biological aerated filter (BAF) process was operated during the wintertime on-site at a domestic wastewater treatment plant. Over the study period, hydraulic loadings to the system were varied and generated a range of organic and ammonia loading conditions. Nitrification performance was monitored based on water quality along the length of the filters, effluent water quality, and activity levels of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria within the biofilm using an oligonucleotide probe. Overall nitrification effic

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10

Fischer, J. D., B. E. Apedaile, and L. K. Vanclief. "Seasonal Loadings of Atrazine and Metolachlor to a Southeastern Ontario River from Surface Runoff and Groundwater Discharge." Water Quality Research Journal 30, no. 3 (1995): 533–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1995.041.

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Abstract The Payne River in the South Nation River basin in eastern Ontario was continuously sampled for atrazine and metolachlor from April to October during 1991 and 1992, using a modified Quality Environment Ltd. automatic liquid sampler. The objectives of the study were to determine weekly flow proportional concentrations and loadings to the river, and to assess loadings during dry weather periods for evidence of contributions from groundwater discharge. In 1992, samples were also analyzed for desethylatrazine, the predominant residue of atrazine. The site southeast of Ottawa represented a

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11

Mohd Zaid, Hayyiratul Fatimah, Chong Fai Kait, and Muhammad Ibrahim Abdul Mutalib. "Photocatalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Cu/TiO₂ Photocatalyst and Eutectic Based Ionic Liquid: Effect of Metal Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.210.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyts doped with copper metal at different metal loadings were successfully prepared and characterized. Photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization of model oil containing dibenzothiophene as the sulfur compound (100 ppm) was investigated using the prepared photocatalyst. The photocatalyst with 2.0 wt% Cu metal loading showed the best sulfur removal at 66.25%.

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12

Situ, M., and J. A. Schetz. "Numerical Calculations of the Breakup of Highly Loaded Slurry Jets." Journal of Fluids Engineering 109, no. 3 (1987): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242669.

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A complete numerical calculation procedure for predicting the effects of mass loading and particle diameter on laminar slurry jet breakup in a low velocity, coaxial gas stream has been developed. The method is based on the Volume of Fluid technique for the Navier-Stokes equations. The severe restrictions involved in earlier treatments have been relaxed. The influence of particle loading on liquid phase density and the influence of particle spacing on drag are included. The particular case considered is a slurry with a methanol liquid phase with aluminum oxide beads in order to compare with som

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13

Cesmeci, Sevki, Faramarz Gordaninejad, Keri L. Ryan, and Walaa Eltahawy. "A liquid spring–magnetorheological damper system under combined axial and shear loading for three-dimensional seismic isolation of structures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 18 (2018): 3517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18783090.

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This study focuses on experimental investigation of a fail-safe, bi-linear, liquid spring magnetorheological damper system for a three-dimensional earthquake isolation system. The device combines the controllable magnetorheological damping, fail-safe viscous damping, and liquid spring features in a single unit serving as the vertical component of a building isolation system. The bi-linear liquid spring feature provides two different stiffnesses in compression and rebound modes. The higher stiffness in the rebound mode prevents a possible overturning of the structure during rocking mode. For pr

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14

Doraiselvan, Kirenraj, Suzana Yusup, Cheah Kin Wai, Nur Suriawanie Muda, and Haswin Kaur Gurdeep Singha. "Optimization Studies on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Using L9 Taguchi Orthogonal Array." International Journal of Biomass and Renewables 5, no. 3 (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/ijbrvol5iss3art4551.

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In this investigation, catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) was studied and optimized in terms of bio-oil and char yields by using Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array method. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures, catalyst loadings and particle sizes on the product yields were investigated and discussed in this paper. The catalytic pyrolysis is performed in a semi-batch reactor which is externally heated by an electrical vertical split tube furnace. Under the nitrogen flow rates of 60 ml/min, 80 ml/min and 100ml/ min, 15g of EFB biomass with the particle sizes of 100 µm, 250 µm, 500 µm were

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15

Usatova, Olga, and Denis Kriutchenko. "Hydroelastic vibrations of shells of revolution under combined vertical and horizontal loadings." 53, no. 53 (April 11, 2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2304-6201-2022-53-06.

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The operation of modern structures occurs under conditions of high technological loads. Shells of rotation are among the most applicable structural elements. The operating conditions of such elements provide for the influence of the environment such as the interaction of elastic shell elements with liquid or gas. The oscillations of the elastic shell of rotation, which are partially filled with liquid, under external loads in the vertical and horizontal directions simultaneously, are considered in the paper. The liquid is supposed to be ideal and incompressible, and its motion under the applie

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16

Heaven, S., C. J. Banks, and M. Cornell. "Effect of solid and liquid retention times on hydrolysis of maize." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 7 (2008): 1371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.490.

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First stage hydrolysis/acidification, using maize as the substrate, was carried out both in single pass (SP) reactors at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and in hydraulic flush (HF) reactors in which the solids and liquid retention time were uncoupled. The HF reactors were operated at two different loadings (2 and 4 g VS l−1 d−1) and at liquid retention times between 2–16 days with solids held for 20 days. The volatile solids destruction (VS destroyed d−1) and specific methane potential (l CH4 g VSadded d−1) of the intermediate products formed in the SP reactors both decreased with in

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17

Sierikova, Olena, Elena Strelnikova, Denys Kriutchenko, and Vasil Gnitko. "Reducing Environmental Hazards of Prismatic Storage Tanks under Vibrations." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 21 (December 31, 2022): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2022.21.27.

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Regular operation, pre-repair and repair work on tanks, as well as outflows of oil products and other flammable liquids under the influence of seismic loads, fires and explosions on tanks are the source of technogenic impact on the environment. Therefore, the influence treatment of the fluctuations and vibrations on the storage tanks for environmentally hazardous liquids and the assessment of reducing the load on nature is a very relevant scientific and practical issue to improve the environmental safety of areas adjacent to the tanks. This paper treats free and forced liquid vibrations in pri

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18

Zhou, Huacong, Liangrong Yang, Wei Li, et al. "Immobilizing Penicillin G Acylase Using Silica-Supported Ionic Liquids: The Effects of Ionic Liquid Loadings." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, no. 40 (2012): 13173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie301843v.

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19

Mo, H., J. A. Oleszkiewicz, N. Cicek, and B. Rezania. "Incorporating membrane gas diffusion into a membrane bioreactor for hydrogenotrophic denitrification of groundwater." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 6-7 (2005): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0657.

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A hydrogenotrophic denitrification system, comprising a suspended growth membrane bioreactor (MBR) with membrane hydrogen gas diffusion, was developed to remove nitrate from groundwater. A hollow fiber gas permeable membrane module was designed for hydrogen delivery and a commercially available hollow fiber membrane module was used for solid/liquid separation. The MBR was operated at an SRT of 20 days and at room temperature. Four nitrate loading rates of 24, 48, 96 and 192 NO3−-N mg l−1 d−1 were applied to the system. As the nitrate loading was raised, pH increased due to increased denitrific

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20

Raman, S. V. "The effect of mixed modifiers on nuclear waste glass processing, leaching, and Raman spectra." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 1 (1998): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0002.

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Borosilicate glasses with different waste loadings were prepared by ambient melting, quenching, and annealing. Some melt compositions partially crystallize to durable phases of zircon and forsterite. The coexisting liquid quenches to glass and endures the leach tests. The waste loading dependent leach rate trends of these glasses are reminiscent of the mixed alkali effect. Raman spectra suggest initial increase in durability with increases in the depolymerization of silicate species. Fluorine and hydroxyl ions also contribute to depolymerization. Tetraborate and metaborate rings are identified

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21

Ribota Peláez, María, E. Ruiz-López, M. I. Domínguez, S. Ivanova, and M. A. Centeno. "Formic Acid Dehydrogenation over a Monometallic Pd and Bimetallic Pd:Co Catalyst Supported on Activated Carbon." Catalysts 13, no. 6 (2023): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13060977.

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In this study, palladium is proposed as an active site for formic acid dehydrogenation reaction. Pd activity was modulated with Co metal with the final aim of finding a synergistic effect that makes possible efficient hydrogen production for a low noble metal content. For the monometallic catalysts, the metal loadings were optimized, and the increase in the reaction temperature and presence of additives were carefully considered. The present study aimed, to a great extent, to enlighten the possible routes for decreasing noble metal loading in view of the better sustainability of hydrogen produ

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22

Mohd Zaid, Hayyiratul Fatimah, Chong Fai Kait, and Mohamed Ibrahim Abdul Mutalib. "Photo Oxidative Extractive Desulfurization of Model Oil Using Fe/TiO₂ Photocatalyst and Eutectic Based Ionic Liquid: Effect of Metal Loading." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.664.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyts doped with iron metal at different metal loadings were successfully prepared and characterized. The doped photocatalyst were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DR-UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).Photooxidative extractive desulfurization of model oil containing dibenzothiophene as the sulfur compound (100ppm) was investigated using the prepared photocatalyst. The photocatalyst with 0.20 wt% Fe metal loading showed the best sulfur removal at 61.13%.

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23

Rorabeck, Kaelan, and Igor Zhitomirsky. "Application of Octanohydroxamic Acid for Salting out Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Materials for Energy Storage in Supercapacitors." Molecules 26, no. 2 (2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020296.

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The ability to achieve high areal capacitance for oxide-based supercapacitor electrodes with high active mass loadings is critical for practical applications. This paper reports the feasibility of the fabrication of Mn3O4-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites by the new salting-out method, which allows direct particle transfer from an aqueous synthesis medium to a 2-propanol suspension for the fabrication of advanced Mn3O4-MWCNT electrodes for supercapacitors. The electrodes show enhanced capacitive performance at high active mass loading due to reduced particle agglomeration and enha

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Rorabeck, Kaelan, and Igor Zhitomirsky. "Application of Octanohydroxamic Acid for Salting out Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Materials for Energy Storage in Supercapacitors." Molecules 26, no. 2 (2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020296.

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The ability to achieve high areal capacitance for oxide-based supercapacitor electrodes with high active mass loadings is critical for practical applications. This paper reports the feasibility of the fabrication of Mn3O4-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites by the new salting-out method, which allows direct particle transfer from an aqueous synthesis medium to a 2-propanol suspension for the fabrication of advanced Mn3O4-MWCNT electrodes for supercapacitors. The electrodes show enhanced capacitive performance at high active mass loading due to reduced particle agglomeration and enha

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Shoukat, Usman, Diego Pinto, and Hanna Knuutila. "Study of Various Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Amine Blends for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Natural Gas." Processes 7, no. 3 (2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7030160.

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Various novel amine solutions both in aqueous and non-aqueous [monoethylene glycol (MEG)/triethylene glycol(TEG)] forms have been studied for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) absorption. The study was conducted in a custom build experimental setup at temperatures relevant to subsea operation conditions and atmospheric pressure. Liquid phase absorbed H2S, and amine concentrations were measured analytically to calculate H2S loading (mole of H2S/mole of amine). Maximum achieved H2S loadings as the function of pKa, gas partial pressure, temperature and amine concentration are presented. Effects of solvent t

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MILLER, R. S., and J. BELLAN. "Direct numerical simulation of a confined three-dimensional gas mixing layer with one evaporating hydrocarbon-droplet-laden stream." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 384 (April 10, 1999): 293–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098004042.

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Direct numerical simulations are performed of a confined three-dimensional, temporally developing, initially isothermal gas mixing layer with one stream laden with as many as 7.3×105 evaporating hydrocarbon droplets, at moderate gas temperature and subsonic Mach number. Complete two-way phase couplings of mass, momentum and energy are incorporated which are based on a thermodynamically self-consistent specification of the vapour enthalpy, internal energy and latent heat of vaporization. Effects of the initial liquid mass loading ratio (ML), initial Stokes number (St0), initial droplet temperat

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Tian, Shuai-Qi, Ming-Liang Qu, Li-Wu Fan, Zi-Tao Yu, and Jian Ge. "Thermal conductivity of aerated concrete (AC) composites containing micro-encapsulated phase change materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202033.

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Aerated concrete (AC) was incorporated with micro-encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) to form a novel PCM-composite AC with improved thermal storage capacity. RT25 paraffin was selected as the PCM and the composite materials were prepared by adding micro-encapsulated paraffin as an ingredient at various loadings. The effective thermal conductivity of the composite samples was measured at both 17 ºC and 35 ºC, while the paraffin was in solid and liquid phases, respectively. The volumetric heat capacity of the composites were also measured. Results showed that both the thermal conductivit

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28

Najafianashrafi, Zabihollah, and Po-Ya Abel Chuang. "Numerical Study of Liquid Water Formation and Transport in Porous Media." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 53 (2024): 2837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01532837mtgabs.

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Fundamental understanding of liquid water formation and transport in fuel cells is of great importance for achieving high durability, reliability, and maximizing cell performance. For low temperature fuel cells, water may exist as vapor or liquid phase and is involved in various electrochemical reactions and transport mechanisms. The condensation process occurs when local water vapor pressure exceeds the saturation pressure. In this work, we first investigate the permeation of liquid water in the gas diffusion layer (GDL). To this aim, a two-dimensional isothermal model considering reconstruct

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Ibrahim, Mohamed E., Elsayed Tag Eldin, Safaa F. Elzoghby, Mohamed A. Izzularab, and Amr M. Abd-Elhady. "The Role of the Accumulated Surface Charge on Nanoparticles in Improving the Breakdown Strength of Liquid and Solid Insulation." Energies 15, no. 13 (2022): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134860.

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In this paper, the role of the accumulated surface charge on the surfaces of nanoparticles on breakdown strength for liquid and solid dielectrics is presented. The breakdown strengths of a nanofilled liquid dielectric and a solid dielectric are evaluated. The evaluation was conducted considering different nanoparticle material types with different nanofiller loadings. Accordingly, the preparation of transformer oil nanofluid and silicone rubber nanocomposites was performed with different nanofillers of the same average particle size. Breakdown voltage was measured for all the prepared samples,

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Szyszkowski, W., and P. G. Glockner. "Behaviour of cylindrical pneumatics under non-symmetric line and liquid loadings." International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics 21, no. 5 (1986): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7462(86)90019-3.

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Soleimani, Majid, and W. Robert J. Funnell. "Mechanical behaviour of short membranous liquid-filled cylinders under axial loadings." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 145 (September 2018): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2018.06.034.

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Zhang, Ling Xin, Xiao Jing Tan, Jie Ping Liu, and Jiang Rong Zhong. "Seismic Response Analysis of Large Liquid Storage Tank Considering Fluid-Structure Interaction." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.983.

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To large liquid storage tank, based on the potential flow theory, considering fluid-structure interaction, the potential-based elements and the shell elements are used to simulate the liquid and the tank, respectively. Using the displacement-velocity potential finite element method formulas, the seismic response analysis method of the liquid storage tank is obtained, and is implemented based on the ADINA program. Some useful conclusions of the tanks under the earthquake loadings are obtained through two examples, which provide the reference for the seismic design theory and the seismic perform

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Zhang, Chaowen, Lu Lu, Ruoran Ouyang, and Changren Zhou. "Polyurethane/Liquid Crystal Microfibers with pDNA Polyplex Loadings for the Optimal Release and Promotion of HUVEC Proliferation." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (2022): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112489.

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Fiber structures with connected pores resemble the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues, and show high potential for promoting the formation of natural functional tissue. The geometry of composite fibers produced by electrospinning is similar to that of the living-tissue ECM, in terms of structural complexity. The introduction of liquid crystals does not affect the morphology of fibers. The composite mat shows better hydrophilicity, with higher content of liquid crystal. At the same time, the higher the content of liquid crystal, the lower the modulus and tensile strength, and the hig

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Jiang, Tingshun, Guofang Gao, Cheng Yang, YuLin Mao, Minglan Fang, and Qian Zhao. "Catalytic Activity of Ag-Co-MCM-41 for Liquid-Phase Selective Oxidation of Styrene to Benzaldehyde." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 3 (2020): 1670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17137.

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A series of Ag-Co-MCM-41 with different metal loadings have been synthesized through the hydrothermal method. All the prepared catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the structure of MCM-41 was well preserved and Ag and Co have been introduced successfully into the mesoporous channels of MCM-41. The liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of styrene on these catalysts was investigated using H2O2 as an oxidizing agent and acetone as a solvent in thermostatic water bath. The influence of metal loa

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Raja Othman, Raja Nor Izawati, and Nor Hasyidah Mohd Sakeri. "The Effects of CTBN on Mechanical and Viscoelastic Viscosity Properties of Epoxy-Silica Nanocomposites." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 37, no. 1 (2025): 433–49. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2025-37(1)-31.

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Epoxy resin demonstrates remarkable adhesion, mechanical properties, and heat resistance, however, its inherent brittleness warrants attention. Therefore, hybrid composite was prepared using epoxy resin as the polymer matrix, with carboxyl- terminated butadiene nitrile liquid rubber (CTBN), and nanosilica as the reinforcement materials to increase the mechanical properties. The loading for CTBN and nanosilica are set to (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.% and 20 wt.%); and (1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.% and 4 wt %.); respectively. The epoxy composites are toughened by adding various loadings of CTBN. Then, fra

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Abraham, Jiji, Ajesh K. Zachariah, Runcy Wilson, et al. "EFFECT OF IONIC LIQUID MODIFIED MWCNT ON THE RHEOLOGICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 92, no. 3 (2019): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.19.81494.

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ABSTRACT Ionic liquid modified multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were prepared with the two-roll mill mixing method, and the rheological measurements were used to study the dispersion of MWCNTs on a microscopic scale and its compatibility with the SBR matrix. Viscous liquid-like rheological behavior at low MWCNT loadings and pseudo-solid-like rheological response at high MWCNT loadings were observed, showing the gradual transformation from individual structures of MWCNTs to polymer bridged MWCNT networks. A decrease in the mobility of SBR m

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Xu, P., J. Marsalek, and I. K. Tsanis. "An Alternative Approach for Computation of Annual Toxic Contaminant Loadings in Urban Runoff." Water Quality Research Journal 29, no. 1 (1994): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1994.005.

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Abstract An alternative approach was presented for estimating annual toxic contaminant loadings in urban runoff. In this method, the mean contaminant concentrations are calculated by a regression method. In the computation of contaminant loadings, the load component transported by the liquid phase was estimated by multiplying the mean concentration in water by the runoff volume simulated by the STORM model. The load component transported by suspended solids was calculated by multiplying the mean concentration in solids by the event mean solids concentrations reported in the NURP Program. The l

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Yahaya, Haryanti, Rozzeta Dollah, Norsahika Mohd Basir, Rohit Karnik, and Halimaton Hamdan. "Conversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Biomass to Bio-Oil and Jet Bio-Fuel by Catalytic Fast-Pyrolysis Process." ASM Science Journal 14 (April 1, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2020.508.

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) biomass is a potential source of renewable energy. Catalytic fast-pyrolysis batch process was initially performed to convert oil palm EFB into bio-oil, followed by its refinement to jet bio-fuel. Crystalline zeolites A and Y; synthesised from rice husk ash (RHA), were applied as heterogeneous catalysts. The catalytic conversion of oil palm EFB to bio-oil was conducted at a temperature range of 320-400°C with zeolite A catalyst loadings of 0.6 - 3.0 wt%. The zeolite catalysts were characterised by XRD, FTIR and FESEM. The bio-oil and jet bio-fuel products were a

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Torres-Torres, G., I. Cuauhtémoc-López, A. Espinosa de los Monteros, Dora Ma Frías-Márquez, J. C. Arévalo Pérez, and G. del Angel. "Water remediation contaminated with MTBE using a catalytic oxidation process in batch reactor: influence of the cerium loading on the activity and CO2 selectivity." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 7 (2018): 1509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.430.

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Abstract Destruction of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in liquid phase and in a batch reactor was studied using ruthenium catalysts over alumina support, modified with different cerium loadings. Ce loading increment causes an increase in the particle size from 1.26 nm to 2.3 nm, enhancing the MTBE oxidation (at 150 °C), and the selectivity toward CO2. The high catalytic activity of Ru/ACe10 is attributed to the species Ce4+-O2−-M that could favor the oxygen transfer between the catalyst surface and the adsorbed species by a redox mechanism. Thus, CeOx plays an important role in both enhancing

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Chui, P. C., Y. Terashima, J. H. Tay, and H. Ozaki. "Performance of a partly aerated biofilter in the removal of nitrogen." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (1996): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0371.

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The removal efficiency of nitrogen and organic matter in an anoxic/aerobic upflow fixed bed filter was studied. Tests were carried out on the effects of aeration, hydraulic loading rate, and COD/N ratio on nitrogen removal and carbon oxidation. A synthetic high nitrogen concentration wastewater was used as substrate feed in the study. At an influent concentration of 250 mg N/L, and for volumetric loadings of up to 1 kg N/m3.day, between 41% and 86% of the nitrogen was removed. This was achieved without the recycling of effluent for denitrification. Nitrogen removal was possible when simultaneo

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Founti, Maria, Thomas Achimastos, and Athinodoros Klipfel. "Effects of Increasing Particle Loading in an Axisymmetric, Vertical, Liquid-Solid Sudden Expansion Flow." Journal of Fluids Engineering 121, no. 1 (1999): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2821998.

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Measurements of particle and fluid velocities are reported for a turbulent, liquid-solid, sudden expansion flow flowing in the direction of gravity and laden with solid particles, at loadings equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 percent per volume. The measured two-phase flow velocities are compared to the characteristics of the corresponding single phase flow. Forces and flow mechanisms affecting particle dispersion in the various flow regimes are identified and it is indicated that there exist regions where the transverse Saffman lift force attains high values and controls particle dispersion. A consi

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Xie, Zhuoyi, and Jianwei Guo. "Liquid-phase hydrogenation of carbon tetrachloride catalyzed by three-dimensional graphene-supported palladium catalyst." Green Processing and Synthesis 11, no. 1 (2022): 724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2022-0066.

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Abstract In this article, a three-dimensional graphene (3DGN)-supported palladium metal catalyst was prepared by the impregnation method with noble metal palladium as the active component, aiming to synthesize a catalyst with high activity and high selectivity. Its catalytic performance in liquid-phase hydrochlorination of carbon tetrachloride (TTCM) was investigated. The influences of different Pd loadings, reduction temperatures, and reaction temperatures on the catalytic hydrogenation reaction were studied. The purpose is to explore the best operating conditions for the preparation of chlor

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Johnson, Melody Blythe, and Mehrab Mehrvar. "Waste Activated Sludge-High Rate (WASHR) Treatment Process: A Novel, Economically Viable, and Environmentally Sustainable Method to Co-Treat High-Strength Wastewaters at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants." Bioengineering 10, no. 9 (2023): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091017.

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High-strength wastewaters from a variety of sources, including the food industry, domestic septage, and landfill leachate, are often hauled to municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for co-treatment. Due to their high organic loadings, these wastewaters can cause process upsets in both a WWTP’s liquid and solids treatment trains and consume organic treatment capacity, leaving less capacity available to service customers in the catchment area. A novel pre-treatment method, the Waste Activated Sludge-High Rate (WASHR) process, is proposed to optimize the co-treatment of high-strength wast

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Zhang, Liyue, and Zhiqiang Li. "Pretreatment of Bamboo by Ammonium Sulfite for Efficient Enzymatic Hydrolysis." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, no. 2 (2020): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1952.

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In order to find out the potential effect of ammonium sulfite pretreatment on bamboo for efficient enzymatic saccharification, various ammonium sulfite loadings were conducted to pretreat bamboo at 180 °C for 1–8 h with the solid–liquid ratio of 1:6, respectively. The results verified that ammonium sulfite pretreatment could effectively disrupt the recalcitrance of bamboo and create highly enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yield for further utilization. The contents of lignin in the substrates decreased significantly (from 22.94% to 1.21%) after pretreated and the higher lignin removal with higher ch

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Huang, Nan, Xiaoxing Yan, and Wenting Zhao. "Influence of Photochromic Microcapsules on Properties of Waterborne Coating on Wood and Metal Substrates." Coatings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111750.

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With the development of the economy and science and technology, consumers have put forward higher requirements for the functionality of surface coatings on wood products and metal products, which requires us to endow traditional coatings with new functions. Innovative research of coatings has been a research hotspot in recent years, and the combination of microencapsulation technology with coatings is a research direction attracting much attention. In this paper, a kind of spirooxazine color-changing microcapsules containing photochromic purple dye was selected to explore the effect of differe

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Pettinato, Margherita, Maria Bolla, Roberta Campardelli, Giuseppe Firpo, and Patrizia Perego. "Potential Use of PLA-Based Films Loaded with Antioxidant Agents from Spent Coffee Grounds for Preservation of Refrigerated Foods." Foods 12, no. 22 (2023): 4167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12224167.

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The aim of this work concerned the production of an active food packaging suitable for refrigerated foods. Polylactic-acid-based films were produced by optimizing the solvent casting technique and testing different loadings of extracts obtained from spent coffee grounds. Indeed, an extract obtained by high-pressure and -temperature extraction (HPTE) and a further purified extract by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) were separately used as active agents, and the effects on packaging features and active compounds migration were analyzed. The selected active agents showed antioxidant and lipid pero

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Orozco, Salvador, Cynthia L. Ramirez Zamora, Md Amzad Hossain, and Ahsan Choudhuri. "FEA-Based Thermo-Structural Modeling of Cryogenic Storage Tanks in Liquid Propulsion Systems." Aerospace 12, no. 6 (2025): 479. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060479.

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This investigation presents the comprehensive thermo-structural analysis of the propellant tanks utilized in the CROME propulsion system, focused on examining the structural effects caused by the storage of liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, and liquid methane. These fluids operate at extremely low temperatures and generate large thermal stress gradients in the tanks, significantly influencing their structural properties. For this reason, it is of vital importance to inspect the generation of mechanical and thermal stresses in the tanks to assess the risk of structural failure. To accomplish this

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García-Alonso, Susana, Rosa María Pérez-Pastor, Víctor Archilla-Prat, et al. "Determination of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Particulate Matter Samples with Low Mass Loading: An Approach to Test Method Accuracy." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3517457.

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A miniaturized analytical procedure to determine selected polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in low mass loadings (<10 mg) of particulate matter (PM) is evaluated. The proposed method is based on a simple sonication/agitation method using small amounts of solvent for extraction. The use of a reduced sample size of particulate matter is often limiting for allowing the quantification of analytes. This also leads to the need for changing analytical procedures and evaluating its performance. The trueness and precision of the proposed method were tested using ambient air samples. Analytical re

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Pavlovic, Ana, Cristiano Fragassa, Luca Vegliò, Felipe Vannucchi de Camargo, and Giangiacomo Minak. "Modeling Palletized Products: The Case of Semi-Filled Bottles under Top-Load Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010332.

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An investigation on numerical methods able to simplify the mechanical behavior of PET bottles, partially filled with liquid, under compression loadings is presented here. Compressive stress conditions on bottles are very common during their transportation and can be accompanied by large deformations and instabilities that can compromise the integrity of the pack, with the risk of significant damages. The present paper proposes two approaches, both based on finite elements, and with elastic-plastic material models properly defined with the scope of investigating the complex phenomena that take

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Malkorra, Irati, Hanène Souli, Ferdinando Salvatore, et al. "Modeling of Drag Finishing—Influence of Abrasive Media Shape." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 2 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5020041.

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Drag finishing is a widely used superfinishing technique in the industry to polish parts under the action of abrasive media combined with an active surrounding liquid. However, the understanding of this process is not complete. It is known that pyramidal abrasive media are more prone to rapidly improving the surface roughness compared to spherical ones. Thus, this paper aims to model how the shape of abrasive media (spherical vs. pyramidal) influences the material removal mechanisms at the interface. An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian model of drag finishing is proposed with the purpose of estim

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