Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid mixing process'
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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid mixing process"
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Kuzmin, Konstantin Anatolievich, Sergey Mikhailovich Morozov, and Evgenia Viktorovna Sokoreva. "Simulation of the liquid mixing process." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 9 (September 25, 2022): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i9pp108-111.
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The mixing process consists in mixing any non-reactive liquid or gaseous components. To obtain mixtures, mixers are used in the form of devices of periodic or continuous action. The article considers a method for modeling the liquid mixing process.
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Piotrowski, Wojciech, Robert Kubica, and Maksymilian Gądek. "Studies on a Novel Jet Mixer in the Extraction Process." Processes 11, no. 10 (2023): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11102904.
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This paper presents the original results of research on an inline jet mixer being an alternative to other, conventional mixing apparatuses used for extraction processes. In particular, researched novel geometry of a jet mixer was subjected to testing of either hydraulic performance or a liquid–liquid extraction process. Inline jet mixers are well suited for mixing gases and liquids and can be used in such processes as extraction, heat exchange, and reaction. In such an apparatus, mixing of liquids takes place by high-velocity injection of one stream into another through a series of small holes placed peripherally to a concentrically mounted inner tube. The literature lacks the data to allow for the design of these types of mixers. Extraction experiments were performed for the ethyl acetate–ethanol–water system. The research results presented in this paper enable the calculation of mixing power and the selection of optimal mixer operating parameters. Equations describing the flow resistance for both streams were developed. The mixing power was calculated and compared with other types of contactors. The data on overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients obtained by this study showed that the considered extractor is competitive with other conventional contactors at almost identical or even lower energy consumption.
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Zhu, Siyu, Chunlin Wu, and Huiming Yin. "Virtual Experiments of Particle Mixing Process with the SPH-DEM Model." Materials 14, no. 9 (2021): 2199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092199.
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Particle mixing process is critical for the design and quality control of concrete and composite production. This paper develops an algorithm to simulate the high-shear mixing process of a granular flow containing a high proportion of solid particles mixed in a liquid. DEM is employed to simulate solid particle interactions; whereas SPH is implemented to simulate the liquid particles. The two-way coupling force between SPH and DEM particles is used to evaluate the solid-liquid interaction of a multi-phase flow. Using Darcy’s Law, this paper evaluates the coupling force as a function of local mixture porosity. After the model is verified by two benchmark case studies, i.e., a solid particle moving in a liquid and fluid flowing through a porous medium, this method is applied to a high shear mixing problem of two types of solid particles mixed in a viscous liquid by a four-bladed mixer. A homogeneity metric is introduced to characterize the mixing quality of the particulate mixture. The virtual experiments with the present algorithm show that adding more liquid or increasing liquid viscosity slows down the mixing process for a high solid load mix. Although the solid particles can be mixed well eventually, the liquid distribution is not homogeneous, especially when the viscosity of liquid is low. The present SPH-DEM model is versatile and suitable for virtual experiments of particle mixing process with different blades, solid particle densities and sizes, and liquid binders, and thus can expedite the design and development of concrete materials and particulate composites.
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Rong Chen, Shiming Zhang, Yu Ai, and Han Zhang. "Liquid Mixing Characteristics in Top-Blown Process." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 55, no. 3 (2021): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579521030039.
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Moczulak, Bartosz, Wojciech Miąskowski, Krzysztof Nalepa, and Jakub Jasiński. "Numerical model of liquid phase mixer." Mechanik 91, no. 7 (2018): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.7.82.
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Presented is the course of conduct during modeling of phenomena occurring in a mixer intended for mixing liquids. Issues related to the numerical description of phenomena occurring in this type of constructions are discussed, the method of modeling the mixing process for one type of liquid by the analysis of several types of mixing arms is presented and the results of simulation research are discussed.
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Jasikova, Darina, Michal Kotek, Bohus Kysela, Radek Sulc, and Vaclav Kopecky. "Compiled visualization with IPI method for analysing of liquid liquid mixing process." EPJ Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 02039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818002039.
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The article deals with the research of mixing process using visualization techniques and IPI method. Characteristics of the size distribution and the evolution of two liquid-liquid phase's disintegration were studied. A methodology has been proposed for visualization and image analysis of data acquired during the initial phase of the mixing process. IPI method was used for subsequent detailed study of the disintegrated droplets. The article describes advantages of usage of appropriate method, presents the limits of each method, and compares them.
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Megawati, Bayu Triwibowo, Karwono, Waliyuddin Sammadikun, and Rofiatun Musfiroh. "Scale-Up of Solid-Liquid Mixing Based on Constant Power/Volume and Equal Blend Time Using VisiMix Simulation." MATEC Web of Conferences 187 (2018): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818704002.
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Mixing is one of the important process in many areas of chemical industries, for instance pharmaceutical, drug, ink, paint and other industries. Solid-liquid suspension is produced for 80% of all mixing industries such as leaching process, crystallization process, catalytic reactions, precipitation, coagulation, dissolution and other applications. Two main objectives in solid-liquid mixing namely, avoid settling of solid particles on the tank bottom and ensure the solid particles are uniformly distributed. Many factors that can affect the quality of solid-liquid mixing, they are tank geometry, impeller geometry and speed, baffles, viscosity and density of media. Scale-up of the process is important to conduct before produce it on commercial scale. Two parameters for scale-up solid-liquid mixing are equal blend time and power per volume. Before scaling up the process to industrial scale, an engineer must know the condition of the mixture between both of two. VisiMix can simulating scale-up of solid-liquid mixing in order to know the phenomena inside the tank without conducting a large number of experiments and cheaper. The simulation start from keep the ratio of impeller to tank diameter remains constant, then change the condition operation of mixing. In this paper, power per volume parameter is more recommended as a result of the degree of uniformity of solid phase in liquid.
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Cao, Guodong, Sheng Xie, Daiqiang Deng, and Shengqiang Jiang. "Numerical Study on Effect of Aggregate Moisture on Mixing Process." Materials 17, no. 4 (2024): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17040898.
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During the concrete mixing process, the transition of aggregates from a dry to a moist state introduces a crucial dynamic that significantly influences particle interaction, consequently impacting mixing homogeneity. In this paper, based on the discrete element method, the effect of aggregate moisture on the mixing process of sand and stone was investigated. The interaction between dry particles was described by the Hertz–Mindlin model, while the interaction between wet particles was calculated by the linear cohesion model considering the liquid bridge force. Additionally, a functional relationship between the moisture content and the parameters of the linear cohesive contact model was established. The results show that the numerical method can be employed to simulate the mixing process. Notably, when the moisture content of pebbles ranges from 0% to 0.75% and that of sand ranges from 0% to 10.9%, the linear cohesion model is deemed suitable. The standard deviation of the mixing homogeneity of wet particles is lower than that of dry particles for short mixing time, indicating that a small amount of liquid enhances mixing homogeneity. However, moisture has no obvious effect on mixing homogeneity for a long mixing time. This nuanced understanding of the interplay between moisture, particle interactions, and mixing duration contributes valuable insights to optimize concrete mixing processes.
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Pinsky, M., A. Khain, and A. Korolev. "Theoretical analysis of mixing in liquid clouds – Part 3: Inhomogeneous mixing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 21 (2015): 30321–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-30321-2015.
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Abstract. An idealized model of time-dependent mixing between cloud and non-cloud volumes is analyzed. Initial droplet size distribution (DSD) in cloud volume is assumed to be monodisperse. Both analytical investigation and parcel model investigation are used to study mixing processes and solve diffusion-evaporation equations. It is shown that the evolution of microphysical variables and the final equilibrium stage are unambiguously determined by two non-dimensional parameters. The first parameter, R, which is proportional to the ratio of the saturation deficit to the liquid water content in a cloud volume, determines whether the equilibrium stage is reached at 100 % relative humidity, or, rather, leads to a full evaporation of cloud droplets. The second parameter, Da, is the Damkölher number, which is equal to the ratio of the characteristic mixing time and phase relaxation time. This parameter (together with parameter R) determines whether mixing takes place according to a homogeneous or an inhomogeneous scenario. An analysis of the results obtained within a wide range of parameters R and Da is presented. It is shown that there is no pure homogeneous mixing, since the first stage of mixing is always inhomogeneous. Turbulent mixing between different volumes always starts as inhomogeneous and the mixing type can change during the mixing process. At any values of governing parameters, mixing leads to the formation of a tail of small droplets in the DSD and therefore to DSD broadening. The broadening depends onDa and the final DSD dispersion can be as large as 0.2 at large Da. The total duration of the mixing process varies from several to one hundred phase relaxation times, depending on R and Da. Delimitation between the types of mixing on the Da–R plane is carried out. The definitions of homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixings are reconsidered and clarified. The paper also compares the results of the current study with those obtained with classical mixing concepts.
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Li, Yuan Dong, Shao Hua Hu, Xia Li, Ming Tao He, Ying Ma, and Diran Apelian. "Study on Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy Fabricated by Liquid-Liquid Mixing." Advanced Materials Research 815 (October 2013): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.13.
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The hypereutectic Al-20%Si alloy was fabricated by liquid-liquid mixing of Controlled Diffusion Solidification (CDS), and the mixing interface of two precursor alloys as well as the effects of pouring temperature during liquid-liquid mixing process on microstructure of size, morphology and distribution of primary silicon were studied. The results show that the size of primary phase decreases as the pouring temperature decreases, and the distribution of primary phase becomes uniform, but the morphology changes unobvious. Meanwhile, the liquid-liquid mixing interface is divided into four areas: low temperature alloy area, interface front area, fine grain area and high temperature alloy area.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid mixing process"
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Mariani, Valerio <1991>. "Development of numerical methodologies to predict the liquid fuel sprays - wall interaction to optimize the mixing process of direct injection spark ignition engines." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10107/1/Tesi_dottorato-Valerio_Mariani.pdf.
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Nowadays the development of new Internal Combustion Engines is mainly driven by the need to reduce tailpipe emissions of pollutants, Green-House Gases and avoid the fossil fuels wasting. The design of dimension and shape of the combustion chamber together with the implementation of different injection strategies e.g., injection timing, spray targeting, higher injection pressure, play a key role in the accomplishment of the aforementioned targets. As far as the match between the fuel injection and evaporation and the combustion chamber shape is concerned, the assessment of the interaction between the liquid fuel spray and the engine walls in gasoline direct injection engines is crucial. The use of numerical simulations is an acknowledged technique to support the study of new technological solutions such as the design of new gasoline blends and of tailored injection strategies to pursue the target mixture formation. The current simulation framework lacks a well-defined best practice for the liquid fuel spray interaction simulation, which is a complex multi-physics problem. This thesis deals with the development of robust methodologies to approach the numerical simulation of the liquid fuel spray interaction with walls and lubricants. The accomplishment of this task was divided into three tasks: i) setup and validation of spray-wall impingement three-dimensional CFD spray simulations; ii) development of a one-dimensional model describing the liquid fuel – lubricant oil interaction; iii) development of a machine learning based algorithm aimed to define which mixture of known pure components mimics the physical behaviour of the real gasoline for the simulation of the liquid fuel spray interaction.
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Cepparulo, Martina. "Analisi del processo di miscelazione in sistemi solido-liquido agitati meccanicamente." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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I processi di miscelazione sono solitamente classificati in base al tipo di materiale da analizzare e si dividono in miscelazione solido-liquido, gas-liquido e liquido-liquido. L’operazione di miscelazione solido-liquido, in serbatoi agitati meccanicamente, è un'operazione industriale molto diffusa, ampiamente utilizzata nelle industrie chimiche, alimentari, petrolifere, farmaceutiche ed elettriche. Nell’ambito della miscelazione di sistemi solido-liquido, l’agitazione del sistema influisce sulla dinamica di dispersione, sospensione e dissoluzione della fase solida, e i regimi che si instaurano dipendono dalla geometria del sistema, oltre che essere influenzati dalle proprietà fisiche delle due fasi. Dunque, l’obiettivo principale del processo di miscelazione solido-liquido è realizzare una dispersione di solidi in fase liquida, lo slurry, appropriata per il raggiungimento del grado di omogeneità desiderato. Per questo scopo, lo studio condotto si propone di monitorare i regimi di flusso di tali sistemi in un serbatoio agitato meccanicamente da girante pitched-blade turbine (PBT), al variare dell’intensità di agitazione e della concentrazione della fase dispersa, utilizzando come strumento di indagine un tomografo a resistenza elettrica (ERT). Per il monitoraggio di sistemi in serbatoi agitati, attraverso l’impiego dell’ ERT, si propone una procedura di acquisizione ed una metodologia di trattamento dati, studiate specificamente per il sistema in analisi.
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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.
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La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación
Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para
obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la
extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones
quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su
momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El
motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de
materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente
mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de
modelos personalizados.
Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir
equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de
modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la
tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación
por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación
se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito
concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD).
El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las
tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera
vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para
dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a
efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los
materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular
tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como
la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria,
el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y
requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos.
El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las
variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla
en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían
más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en
comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más
elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se
exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los
que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la
dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el
neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel.
Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución.
Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.
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Sahoo, Kshetramohan. "Studies on a New Spinning Disc-Spinning Bowl Contactor/Mixer." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4494.
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Increased focus on continuous synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals has led to resurgence of process intensification. In this thesis we introduce a new continuous contactor. It works on the principle of impinging fine drops of one liquid, produced by a spinning disc, on thin flowing film of another liquid, on inner wall of a spinning bowl, and sweeping the mixture away from the impingement zone. The device offers the (largest) length scale of segregation itself equal to film thickness, intense mixing, and substantially reduced back-mixing.
The device is first demonstrated for the synthesis of drug nanoparticles of curcumin by using anti-solvent precipitation route. The SEM measurements confirm the device can produce spherical nanoparticles of curcumin below 100 nm in continuous mode of operation, free from choking in corresponding microfluidic operations. Experiments with the diagnostic iodide-iodate competing parallel reaction combined with a model yield time scale of micro-mixing of 4 ms. High resolution static images of the inner surface of the transparent bowl reveal perfect wetting by organic liquids and poor wetting by water as an explanation of the poor mixing observed at low rotational speeds. Several bowl geometries with tapered cylindrical wall and film flowing downward and upward are studied.
The drop formation from a spinning disc at low flow rates is studied in using high resolution static imaging by controlled duration of flash light. The images at high disc speeds also capture vivid detail, which allow primary and secondary drops to be measured separately, without ambiguity, for the first time. The size ratio of primary to the first secondary drops lies in range 2.2-2.6, and 6-9% of the incoming liquid appears as first secondary drops. The polydispersity of primary drops alone is far smaller than when all the drops are considered together. The mean size of primary drops, independent of flow rate, shows inverse dependence on disc speed raised to power one, while that of secondary drops shows much weaker dependence. Even if the surfaces of the discs of different wettability are not fully covered with liquid, the sizes of drops released are nearly same, expect at disc speeds below 1000 rpm. A chemically treated hydrophobic stainless steel disc produces distinctly large size drops, produced by flinging away of liquid rivulets beyond disc edge.
The narrowly distributed primary drops show no correlation with the large range of liquid thread lengths that produce them from at their ends. The mean size of the bulge attached to the disc shows close correlation though. The non-uniformity in circumferential distribution of droplets, which impacts the contactor performance adversely, is quantified through a new parameter named maldistribution index (MI). The discs with low contact angles such as filter paper disc exhibit more uniform distribution, than a SS disc.
The high speed measurement of time gap between two consecutive releases of primary drops from a single site showed emission to be chaotic, and for the whole disc to follow Poisson statistics. The drop formation process, with zero slip between drop and disc which is at variance with ligament mode of drop formation, however follows a well-defined sequence of stages in scaled time. A power law relation between necking time and rotational speed is proposed.
From among a large number of engineered discs with edge and surface modifications that are tried, discs with serration are found to offer significant control on mono-dispersity of size and uniformity of circumferential distribution at high speeds. A circular disc with fine grooves emerged as the best to produce a stable film on it at all rotational speeds and flow rates, with excellent circumferential distribution of drops as well.
An already established competing mixing platform created by impingement of two free liquid jets in air was studied for pattern of collisions, micro-mixing, and silver nanoparticle synthesis using a green protocol. Under similar operational conditions a spinning disc contactor yields larger and more polydispersed nanoparticles while the spinning disc spinning bowl contactor proposed here produces particles of nearly same size and polydispersity. The latter can be scaled up as well as a single unit.
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Cournoyer, Antoine. "Développement d'une technique optique ayant pour but l'analyse de procédés en ligne de comprimés pharmaceutiques." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8083.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Liquid mixing process"
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Prayag, Kedar S., and Anil B. Jindal. "Scale-Up of Liquid Mixing Process." In AAPS Introductions in the Pharmaceutical Sciences. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31380-6_10.
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Li, L., S. L. Xu, Y. J. Ren, et al. "Modeling the Interface Instability and Mixing Flow During the Process of Liquid Explosion Dissemination." In New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75995-9_202.
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Yun, J. H., J. H. Kim, J. S. Park, et al. "Properties of Cu-TiB2 Composites Fabricated by In-Situ Liquid Melt Mixing Process." In THERMEC 2006 Supplement. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-429-4.215.
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Tsaoulidis, Dimitrios A. "Circulation Patterns and Mixing Characteristics of Liquid-Liquid Flows in Small Channels." In Studies of Intensified Small-scale Processes for Liquid-Liquid Separations in Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22587-6_5.
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Gärtner, Jan Wilhelm, Daniel D. Loureiro, and Andreas Kronenburg. "Modelling and Simulation of Flash Evaporation of Cryogenic Liquids." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_12.
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AbstractRocket engine manufacturers attempt to replace toxic, hypergolic fuels by less toxic substances such as cryogenic hydrogen and oxygen. Such components will be superheated when injected into the combustion chamber prior to ignition. The liquids will flash evaporate and subsequent mixing will be crucial for a successful ignition of the engine. We now conduct a series of DNS and RANS-type simulations to better understand this mixing process including microscopic processes such as bubble growth, bubble-bubble interactions, spray breakup dynamics and the resulting droplet size distribution. Full scale RANS simulations provide further insight into effects associated with flow dynamic such as shock formation behind the injector outlet. Capturing these gas dynamic effects is important, as they affect the spray morphology and droplet movements.
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Law, D. W., C. Gunasekara, and S. Setunge. "Use of Brown Coal Ash as a Replacement of Cement in Concrete Masonry Bricks." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_4.
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AbstractPortland cement production is not regarded as environmentally friendly, because of its associated high carbon emissions, which are responsible for 5% of global emissions. An alternative is to substitute fly ash for Portland cement. Australia has an abundance of brown coal fly ash, as it is the main source of primary energy in the State of Victoria. Currently, the majority of this material is stored in landfills and currently there is no commercial use for it in the cement industry because brown coal fly ash cannot be used as a direct replacement material for Portland cement due to the high sulfur and calcium content and low aluminosilicate content. However, the potential exists to use brown coal fly ash as a geopolymeric material, but there remains a significant amount of research needed to be conducted. One possible application is the production of geopolymer concrete bricks. A research project was undertaken to investigate the use of brown coal fly ash from Latrobe Valley power stations in the manufacture of geopolymer masonry bricks. The research developed a detailed understanding of the fundamental chemistry behind the activation of the brown coal fly ash and the reaction mechanisms involved to enable the development of brown coal fly ash geopolymer concrete bricks. The research identified suitable manufacturing techniques to investigate relationships between compressive strength and processing parameters and to understand the reaction kinetics and microstructural developments. The first phase of the research determined the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of the Loy Yang and Yallourn fly ash samples to produce a 100% fly ash-based geopolymer mortar. Optimization of the Loy Yang and Yallourn geopolymer mortars was conducted to identify the chemical properties that were influential in the production of satisfactory geopolymer strength. The Loy Yang mortars were able to produce characteristic compressive strengths acceptable in load-bearing bricks (15 MPa), whereas the Yallourn mortars produced characteristic compressive strengths only acceptable as non-load-bearing bricks (5 MPa). The second phase of the research transposed the optimal geopolymer mortar mix designs into optimal geopolymer concrete mix designs while merging the mix design with the optimal Adbri Masonry (commercial partner) concrete brick mix design. The reference mix designs allowed for optimization of both the Loy Yang and Yallourn geopolymer concrete mix designs, with the Loy Yang mix requiring increased water content because the original mix design was deemed to be too dry. The key factors that influenced the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortars and concrete were identified. The amorphous content was considered a vital aspect during the initial reaction process of the fly ash geopolymers. The amount of unburnt carbon content contained in the fly ash can hinder the reactive process, and ultimately, the compressive strength because unburnt carbon can absorb the activating solution, thus reducing the particle to liquid interaction ratio in conjunction with lowering workability. Also, fly ash with a higher surface area showed lower flowability than fly ash with a smaller surface area. It was identified that higher quantity of fly ash particles <45 microns increased reactivity whereas primarily angular-shaped fly ash suffered from reduced workability. The optimal range of workability lay between the 110–150 mm slump, which corresponded with higher strength displayed for each respective precursor fly ash. Higher quantities of aluminum incorporated into the silicate matrix during the reaction process led to improved compressive strengths, illustrated by the formation of reactive aluminosilicate bonds in the range of 800–1000 cm–1 after geopolymerization, which is evidence of a high degree of reaction. In addition, a more negative fly ash zeta potential of the ash was identified as improving the initial deprotonation and overall reactivity of the geopolymer, whereas a less negative zeta potential of the mortar led to increased agglomeration and improved gel development. Following geopolymerization, increases in the quantity of quartz and decreases in moganite correlated with improved compressive strength of the geopolymers. Overall, Loy Yang geopolymers performed better, primarily due to the higher aluminosilicate content than its Yallourn counterpart. The final step was to transition the optimal geopolymer concrete mix designs to producing commercially acceptable bricks. The results showed that the structural integrity of the specimens was reduced in larger batches, indicating that reactivity was reduced, as was compressive strength. It was identified that there was a relationship between heat transfer, curing regimen and structural integrity in a large-volume geopolymer brick application. Geopolymer bricks were successfully produced from the Loy Yang fly ash, which achieved 15 MPa, suitable for application as a structural brick. Further research is required to understand the relationship between the properties of the fly ash, mixing parameters, curing procedures and the overall process of brown coal geopolymer concrete brick application. In particular, optimizing the production process with regard to reducing the curing temperature to ≤80 °C from the current 120 °C and the use of a one-part solid activator to replace the current liquid activator combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate.
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Chhabra, R. P., and J. F. Richardson. "Liquid mixing." In Non-Newtonian Flow in the Process Industries. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075063770-1/50009-9.
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Middleton, J. C. "Gas–liquid dispersion and mixing." In Mixing in the Process Industries. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075063760-2/50036-6.
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Edwards, M. F., and M. R. Baker. "A review of liquid mixing equipment." In Mixing in the Process Industries. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075063760-2/50028-7.
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Shanmugasundaram, Sangeetha. "Mixing." In A Text Book of Pharmaceutics for I Year Diploma in Pharmacy. THINKPLUS PHARMA PUBLICATIONS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69613/x4nmzs87.
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Mixing is a fundamental unit operation in pharmaceutical manufacturing, essential for achieving homogeneity in various formulations. This process involves the combination of two or more components to produce a uniform mixture, crucial for ensuring consistent drug content and performance. Different types of mixing are employed based on the physical state of materials, including solid-solid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid mixing. The selection of appropriate mixing equipment, such as ribbon blenders, planetary mixers, or high-shear mixers, depends on the nature of the materials and desired outcome. Factors affecting mixing efficiency include particle size distribution, density differences, and rheological properties of the components. The concept of mixing mechanisms, including convection, diffusion, and shear, is explored to understand the principles underlying effective mixing. Challenges in pharmaceutical mixing, such as segregation and over-mixing, are addressed, along with strategies to overcome them. Quality control measures, including blend uniformity testing and in-process controls, are discussed to ensure the consistency of the final product
Conference papers on the topic "Liquid mixing process"
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Jacobs, Garry E., Cathleen A. Shargay, Jesus Cabrera, and Karly Moore. "Single vs Multiple Injection Points for REAC Wash Water Systems - Interesting Process Simulation Results." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07202.
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Abstract Licensors, process and corrosion engineers typically select between a single and multiple water injection points when designing the reactor effluent air cooler (REAC) water wash systems in refinery hydroprocessing units. Water injection is conventionally modeled with process simulators, using unit operations that implicitly assume instantaneous mixing/equilibrium and perfect distribution. This paper will examine how the extent of wash water vaporization, coupled with non-equilibrium and liquid maldistribution (free water and oil), impact the risk of corrosion. The results provide a rationale for selecting between single and multiple injection points - or both - based on operating conditions and potential localized peak ammonium salt concentrations.
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Korobiichuk, Igor, Vladyslav Shybetskyi, Sergii Kostyk, Myroslava Kalinina, Dariia Hunchenko, and Zhanna Korobiichuk. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY AND INTENSITY OF HOMOGENIZATION BY CHANGING THE GEOMETRY OF THE TURBINE IMPELLER BLADES." In SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/6.1/s25.23.
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This article presents a numerical study of the effects of changing the geometry of the turbine impeller blades on the efficiency and intensity of homogenization in a bioreactor. The mixing of liquid media is an important stage of technological processes in various industries. Modern Impellers are equipped with homogenizing devices for introducing energy into the liquid, they include hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical devices or their combinations. Rational selection of the mixing device at the design stage is important for the efficiency of the homogenizer and the entire production line. Four types of impellers are considered: a classic turbine impeller with straight blades, and three modified impellers with different blade inclinations. The mixing process is simulated using the ANSYS Fluid Flow CFX module, based on the finite element method. The results show that the impeller with an upper inclined blade at an angle of 45� has the best performance in terms of mixing speed and vortex formation. The article demonstrates the potential of using computer modeling to optimize the design of mixing devices and to improve the quality and productivity of biotechnological processes. The results obtained in this work can be used by engineers and technologists to design bioreactors with reduced values of shear stresses.
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Al Yahyaai, Ahmed, Amjad Al Kharusi, Bushra Al Hudar, Hilal Al Shuhumi, Mohammed Al Maqbali, and Ramachandrappa Ramanahalli. "Compatibility Study of HDPE Internal Lining in Carbon Steels for Polymer Injection and Mixing Applications." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20607.
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Abstract Oil and gas production consider the nature of the reservoir and the complexity of the forming layers as a governing factor. One of the major challenges that are faced in the oil and gas upstream industry is the complexity of the reservoir in which the production requires enhanced recovery process. Polymer injection is one of the methods that is used widely to enhance the production and increase it accordingly. However, after the polymer preparation and mixing process, a system of flowlines and pipelines is utilized to carry over the final polymer product to the injection wells. This requires a comprehensive study of the material selection options for the pipelines and flowlines that are considered based on their performance, low maintenance requirement, and cost effectiveness. This paper focuses on the testing and qualification of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) internal lined carbon steel that is considered as one of the material selection options for polymer transfer. Further, material selection options are discussed along with the testing and qualification requirements. Compatibility of the high concentrated polymer liquid with HDPE material was tested to design HDPE liner inside CS pipes to transport and inject the polymer into the wells.
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Giannopapa, C. G., B. J. van der Linden, W. van Druten, and M. Bongers. "Modelling the Mixing Process of Liquids With Concentrates in Capsules." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61331.
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In food industry mixing of concentrates contained in capsules with liquids such as milk or water for the production of warm drinks is becoming common practice the last couple of years. This process is characterized by complicated physical phenomena: the concentrates’ viscosity is temperature dependent, the liquid is non-Newtonian and the mixing process is turbulent. The industrial objective at the end of the process is a uniform liquid end product with as little as possible left over concentrate in the capsule. The optimization of the mixing process is typically done by trial and error in laboratories, which is time consuming and expensive. Computer models can significantly reduce the manufacturing costs associated with laboratory optimization and give a better insight of the process. The objective of this paper is to create a computer simulation model that is able to capture the physical processes occurring during the production of warm drinks using finite elements. The model should be able to correctly represent the mixing of the solid concentrate with the liquid injected inside the capsule compartment. Finite element method is used to solve the flow, heat exchange and concentration problem. In the paper different shapes of the capsule and how they influence the mixing are compared and their suitability for industry according to the amount of concentrate left in the capsule at the end of the process are assessed.
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Lin, S., D. L. Andrews, I. D. Hands, and S. R. Meech. "Ultrafast Liquid Dynamics using Six-Wave Mixing." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthh38.
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Liquid dynamics and optical multi-wave mixing processes form two well established areas of research that are currently attracting much interest — both theoretically and experimentally. In this paper we draw together these two subjects and describe our recent work in the laboratory and our theoretical interpretation of the results so far obtained. We describe a phase-conjugated six-wave mixing technique and present results obtained from samples comprising thin liquid films of donor-acceptor substituted stilbene dyes. Our experiment utilises a pump-probe arrangement in which a transient anisotropic grating is created within the sample and then probed after a variable time delay by recording the second-harmonic radiation generated from the grating. The arrangement used follows that of the earlier work of Fiorini et al1 but our experiment is performed using a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser which gives us a temporal resolution of the order of 100 fs. This has allowed us to observe for the first time using this multi-wave mixing process the ultrafast dynamics of liquid reorientation, Fig. 1.
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McGraw, R., and D. Rogovin. "Two-wave mixing in liquid suspensions of microparticles." In International Laser Science Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.thi4.
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Liquid suspensions of microparticles are two-component media with novel electromagnetic properties. For these media, laser-generated electrostrictive forces and torques can modulate the microparticle density and orientation in such a way as to alter the dielectric constant of the composite. In turn, this change gives rise to the formation of microparticle gratings which can serve as a nonlinear medium. For example, suspensions have been utilized to generate phase conjugate radiation in the visible. In addition, self-focusing and optical bistability have also been demonstrated at visible wavelengths. Here we examine the possibility of another nonlinear process occurring in these media; namely, coherent beam combination. Specifically, we examine the nonlinear response of a liquid suspension of microspheres to two nearly degenerate laser beams. These two waves create a moving grating composed of microparticles vibrating at the difference frequency. In turn, this oscillating grating scatters radiation from the higher frequency wave into the lower frequency beam via a process similar to stimulated Raman scattering, with the grating assuming the role of the acoustic wave. For a suspension composed of 10−3 volume fraction of 0.34-µm latex spheres in water, the nonlinear coefficient ϰ = 2.91 cm−3,with/the laser intensity in kW/cm2 at DF wavelenghts.
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Yeom, Sujin, and Sang Yong Lee. "Droplet Formation by Dripping at Micro T-Junction in Liquid-Liquid Mixing." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30398.
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In the present work, the phenomenon of droplet formation by dripping at a micro T-junction in liquid-liquid mixing was studied experimentally. The drop formation process consisted of three stages: the X-Y growth, X growth, and the detachment stages. In the X-Y growth stage, the bulged part of the disperse phase grows both in X (parallel to the main channel) and Y (lateral to the main channel) directions. The X-Y growth stage is followed by the X growth stage where the bulged part grows only in the main channel direction. Subsequently, in the detachment stage, the drag force exerted by the continuous phase becomes larger than the surface tension force between the two phases and the bulged part is finally separated into a droplet with regular intervals through a rapid necking process. Droplet sizes were estimated from the drop generation frequency and the flow rate of the disperse phase, and were also confirmed by direct measurements through photography. The sizes of the micro droplets generally decrease with the larger flow rate of the continuous phase or with a smaller flow rate of the disperse phase. This is due to the increase of the interfacial shear force between the two phases through the increase in the relative velocity. The droplet size also decreases with increase of the viscosity of the either phase. This again is due to the increase of the interfacial shear force (and hence the drag force) between the phases when the viscosity of either phase becomes large. The measured drop sizes will serve as a set of the benchmarking data for the development of a droplet detachment model in the dripping mode at micro T-junctions.
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Derksen, Jos. "Turbulent Mixing With Density Differences." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-21002.
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Homogenization of initially segregated and stably stratified systems consisting of two miscible liquids with different density and the same kinematic viscosity in an agitated tank was studied computationally. Reynolds numbers were in the range of 3,000 to 12,000 so that it was possible to solve the flow equations without explicitly modeling turbulence. The Richardson number that characterizes buoyancy was varied between 0 and 1. The stratification clearly lengthens the homogenization process. Two flow regimes could be identified. At low Richardson numbers large, three-dimensional flow structures dominate mixing, as is the case in non-buoyant systems. At high Richardson numbers the interface between the two liquids largely stays intact. It rises due to turbulent erosion, gradually drawing down and mixing up the lighter liquid.
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Manin, Julien, Cyril Crua, and Lyle M. Pickett. "Transcritical mixing of sprays for multi-component fuel mixtures." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.5065.
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The mixing of fuels with oxidizer has been an increasingly interesting area of research with new engine technologiesand the need to reduce emissions, while leveraging efficiency. High-efficiency combustion systems such as diesel engines rely on elevated chamber pressures to maximize power density, producing higher output. In such systems, the fuel is injected under liquid state in a chamber filled with pressurized air at high temperatures. Theoretical calculations on the thermodynamics of fuel mixing processes under these conditions suggest that the injected liquid can undergo a transcritical change of state. Our previous experimental efforts in that regard showed through high- speed imaging that spray droplets transition to fluid parcels mixing without notable surface tension forces, supporting a transcritical process. Only mono-component fuels were used in these studies to provide full control over boundary conditions, which prevented extrapolation of the findings to real systems in which multi-component fuels are injected. Multi-component fuels add another layer of complexity, especially when detailed experiments serve model development, requiring the fuels to be well characterized. In this work, we performed high-speed microscopy in the near-field of high-pressure sprays injected into elevated temperature and pressure environments. A reference diesel fuel and several multi-component surrogates were studied and compared to single component fuels. The results support that a transition occurs under certain thermodynamic conditions for all fuels. As anticipated, the transition from classical evaporation to diffusive mixing is affected by ambient conditions, fuel properties, droplet size and velocity, as well as time scales. Analogous to previous observations made with the normal alkane sprays, the behavior of the multi-component fuels correlate well with their bulk critical properties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5065
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Chin, Ju S., Nader K. Rizk, and Mohan K. Razdan. "Study on High Liquid Pressure Internal Mixing Prefilming Airblast Atomization." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-442.
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The objective of the present investigation is to provide better understanding of the hybrid atomization process in an effort to support the development of fuel injectors for future high performance / low emissions gas turbine combustors. A specially designed atomizer that incorporated two swirling air streams, and a prefilming device located upstream of the atomizer exit section was tested under a combined hybrid airblast and high liquid pressure mode. The experiments focused on evaluating the effects of several operating parameters, in particular the air / liquid ratio, on the atomization quality. The results demonstrated that, to accurately determine the role of the air / liquid ratio in the atomization process, the effects of liquid injection velocity and the relative air–liquid velocity need to be separated from that of the air / liquid ratio. Two approaches were used in the present investigation to deduce the actual effect of the air / liquid ratio: first, by reducing the air swirler flow areas, and second, by increasing the number of liquid injection holes. Both approaches enabled changing the air / liquid ratio without changing the air or liquid velocities. The atomization results indicate that changes in swirler flow area produce a stronger effect of the air / liquid ratio than that when liquid hole number was changed. For fixed air / liquid ratio, better atomization quality was achieved when both levels of air flow and liquid flow were high compared to when both flow rates were low. Also, the atomizer demonstrated a continuous improvement in atomization quality under very high air pressure drop, indicating a better utilization of the air kinetic energy over conventional airblast atomizers. The other important observation was that the dependency of the atomization process on air velocity was not constant, but rather changed with liquid pressure, air flow rate, and air pressure drop.
Reports on the topic "Liquid mixing process"
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Oefelein, Joseph. Development of high-fidelity models for liquid fuel spray atomization and mixing processes in transportation and energy systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1494618.
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