Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquid water ratio

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid water ratio'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid water ratio"

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Silvestrelli, Pier Luigi. "Transport properties in liquids from first-principles: The case of liquid water and liquid argon." Journal of Chemical Physics 158, no. 13 (2023): 134503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144353.

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Shear and bulk viscosities of liquid water and argon are evaluated from first-principles in the density functional theory (DFT) framework, by performing molecular dynamics simulations in the NVE ensemble and using the Kubo–Greenwood equilibrium approach. The standard DFT functional is corrected in such a way to allow for a reasonable description of van der Waals effects. For liquid argon, the thermal conductivity has been also calculated. Concerning liquid water, to our knowledge, this is the first estimate of the bulk viscosity and of the shear-viscosity/bulk-viscosity ratio from first-princi
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K . Harweel, Cecelia, and Asseel M. Rasheed. "Drop Interface Coalescence in Liquid-Liquid System." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 8, no. 1 (2007): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2007.1.5.

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This investigation is a study of the length of time where drops can exist at an oil-water interface before coalescence take place with a bulk of the same phase as the drops. Many factors affecting the time of coalescence were studied in is investigation which included: dispersed phase flow rate, continuous phase height, hole size in distributor, density difference between phases, and viscosity ratio of oil/water systems, employing three liquid/liquid systems; kerosene/water, gasoil/water, and hexane/water. Higher value of coalescence time was 8.26 s at 0.7ml/ s flow rate, 30cm height and 7mm d
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Osundare, Olusegun Samson, Gioia Falcone, Liyun Lao, and Alexander Elliott. "Liquid-Liquid Flow Pattern Prediction Using Relevant Dimensionless Parameter Groups." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174355.

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Accurate predictions of flow patterns in liquid-liquid flow are critical to the successful design and operation of industrial and geo-energy systems where two liquids are jointly transported. Unfortunately, there is no unified flow pattern map, because all published maps are based on limited ranges of dimensional parameters. Dimensional analysis was performed on oil-water horizontal flows, to obtain some relevant dimensionless parameter groups (DPG) for constructing flow pattern maps (FPM). The following combinations of DPG were used: (i) the ratio of mixture Reynolds number to Eötvös number v
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Fernandez, Federico, and Robert M. Quigley. "Hydraulic conductivity of natural clays permeated with simple liquid hydrocarbons." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, no. 2 (1985): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-028.

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The hydraulic conductivity, k, of clayey soils is strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of permeating liquid hydrocarbons. Tests on natural Sarnia soils mixed with pure liquids at a void ratio of 0.8 yielded k values that increased from 5 × 10−9 to 1 × 10−4 cm/s as the dielectric constant of the permeant decreased from 80 to 2.Sequential permeation of compacted, water-wet samples (k ≈ 10−8 cm/s) showed no changes in hydraulic conductivity when permeated with water-insoluble hydrocarbons of low dielectric constant (benzene, cyclohexane, xylene). These hydrophobic liquids were fo
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Zakaria, Z. N., M. S. Sanordi, and M. S. Laili. "Intensity Ratio Distribution in Different Dielectric Liquids using Kerr Effect Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2550, no. 1 (2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2550/1/012023.

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Abstract Light intensity is the result from the Kerr effect measurement that can be used in determining the electric field distributions in dielectric liquids as the analysis continues afterwards. One of the most important parameters to consider in designing the Kerr effect experiment is the Kerr constant of the test liquid. This paper aims to study and compare light intensity distribution in different dielectric liquids using Kerr effect method. Propylene carbonate, transformer oil and purified water are used as the test liquids. From the results obtained, the light intensities as a function
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Kim, Gyu Hyun, Sung Hyuk Cho, Ji Hye Han, et al. "Effect of Drying Liquid on Stiction of High Aspect Ratio Structures." Solid State Phenomena 187 (April 2012): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.75.

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In this paper, we studied stiction behavior of HAR pattern (line and space pattern) dependence on adhesion force with surface tension of drying liquid and surface contact angle. Surface tension effect was evaluated with various drying liquids such as IPA, ethanol and HFE (hydrofluoroether) chemical. Patterns treated by dHF, APM and surface modifier were introduced to investigate dependence of pattern collapse on contact angle. The high temperature D.I. water rinse followed by high temperatures drying using liquid with low surface tension was a most effective. Furthermore, surface modification
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Ku Ishak, Ku Esyra Hani, and Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub. "Performance of liquid–liquid hydrocyclone (LLHC) for treating produced water from surfactant flooding produced water." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 2 (2019): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of the fabricated liquid–liquid hydrocyclone (LLHC) with dimensions similar to those of one of the Malaysian oilfields with the presence of an anionic surfactant, S672. The effect of salinity and initial oil concentration were also investigated following the actual range concentration. Design/methodology/approach The current control system’s pressure drop ratio (PDR) does not necessarily lead to an efficient LLHC. Therefore, rather than using the PDR, the efficiency of the LLHC was analyzed by comparing the concentration of oi
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Saleh, Noorashikin Md, N. M. Hafiz, and Nik Nur Atiqah NikWee. "Determination of Parabens from Water Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction, Vortex Extraction and Liquid–Liquid Extraction Method Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (2020): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8717.

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A straightforward and efficient way for extraction of parabens that is methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and benzylparaben in environmental water samples was developed through optimizing parameters for each method of extraction. In this study, methods involved were cloud point extraction, vortex extraction, and liquid–liquid extraction. The parameters affecting the method of extraction were such as salt concentration, surfactant concentration, type of solvent, temperature, ratio of solvent to water and extraction time. The optimum parameter for cloud point extraction method were 1.0 M
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Xiong, Weidong, Bangqi Yin, Jiancheng Zhang, et al. "Influence of Compressed Air Foam Extinguishing System on The Performance of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Extinguishing Agent." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 126 (January 10, 2025): 92–97. https://doi.org/10.54097/nj04y058.

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According to the national standard, the relationship between the expansion, the drainage time and the gas-liquid ratio of the water-formed film foam extinguishing agent under different mixture ratio was investigated experimentally by using the gas-liquid two-phase foam gun. The results show that with the increase of gas-liquid ratio, the foaming multiple of water-formed foam first increases rapidly and then tends to a stable value. 25% drainage time first increases and then decreases and finally tends to a stable value. With the increase of mixture ratio, the expansion and 25% drainage time of
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Kwak, Moon Kyu, Cheol Woo Park, Kwang-Il Hwang, Choon Man Park, Hoon Eui Jeong, and Jun Ho Choi. "Extreme hydrophobicity and omniphilicity of high-aspect-ratio silicon structures." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 06n07 (2015): 1540009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400096.

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We present an application of high-aspect-ratio (high-AR) silicon structures (black silicon) with high water repellency and good wettability by oils and solvents. The fabrication of black silicon consists of a deep reactive-ion etching process for extremely-high-AR silicon structures and surface treatment with C 4 F 8 gas. Such high-AR structures were found to be highly resistant against wetting by water, but they also have good wetting characteristics with respect to certain liquids such as ethanol, hexane and mineral oil. To determine the relationship between the AR of nanostructures and wett
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid water ratio"

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Kulkarni, Prashant S. "Mixed Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Fiber Media for Liquid-Liquid Coalescence." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1310686055.

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Aguilar, Boris. "Experimental study and numerical modeling of accretion phenomena of snow particles at the origin of the formation of accretions on aeronautical structures or civil engineering." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0003.

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Pour garantir la sécurité des vols dans des conditions de neige, les constructeurs d'aéronefs doivent démontrer que chaque moteur et son système d'admission d'air peuvent fonctionner sur toute la plage de puissance de vol dans des conditions de neigeuse. Cette étude fait partie d'un effort visant à développer des modèles pour l'accumulation de neige.Pour établir le cadre de départ de ce travail sur la modélisation du givrage de la neige, le chapitre 1 est consacré à une revue de la littérature organisée en trois parties. Dans la première partie, les différents processus de création de neige da
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(9525965), Yashwant S. Yogi. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND FLUX ENHANCEMENT IN MEMBRANE DISTILLATION SYSTEM USING NOVEL CONDENSING SURFACES." Thesis, 2020.

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<p>The water crisis is increasing with every passing day due to climate change and increase in demand. Different desalination methods have been developed over the years to overcome this shortage of water. Reverse Osmosis is the most widely used desalination technology, but cannot treat many fouling-prone and high salinity water sources. A new desalination technology, Membrane distillation (MD), has the potential to purify wastewater as well as highly saline water up to a very high purity. It is a thermal energy-driven desalination method, which can operate on low temperature waste heat sources
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Books on the topic "Liquid water ratio"

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Schrijver, Karel. One Step Short of Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799894.003.0002.

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This chapter briefly reviews some the challenges encountered in the search for extraterrestrial life. So far, no signs of extraterrestrial life have been found. The search started with radio telescopes, looking for technology-based civilizations, but new strategies have emerged that take on the primary challenges in this search: the enormous distances to exoplanets and the question of the true nature of life. The author outlines the development of new tools for the search, and why the present focus is on Earth-sized exoplanets with a potential for liquid water on their surfaces. Not having bee
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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid water ratio"

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Kaller, Thomas, Alexander Doehring, Stefan Hickel, Steffen J. Schmidt, and Nikolaus A. Adams. "Assessment of RANS Turbulence Models for Straight Cooling Ducts: Secondary Flow and Strong Property Variation Effects." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_20.

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Abstract We present well-resolved RANS simulations of two generic asymmetrically heated cooling channel configurations, a high aspect ratio cooling duct operated with liquid water at $$Re_b = 110 \times 10^3$$ and a cryogenic transcritical channel operated with methane at $$Re_b = 16 \times 10^3$$. The former setup serves to investigate the interaction of turbulence-induced secondary flow and heat transfer, and the latter to investigate the influence of strong non-linear thermodynamic property variations in the vicinity of the critical point on the flow field and heat transfer. To assess the a
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Tiwari, Binod, and Beena Ajmera. "Advancements in Shear Strength Interpretation, Testing, and Use for Landslide Analysis." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4_1.

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AbstractLandslides are devastating natural disasters that result in loss of life, property damage, and community disruption. They have global impacts, causing fatalities and economic losses, particularly in mountainous regions near densely populated areas. Landslides can be caused by natural factors, including water saturation from heavy rainfall, snowmelt, and changes in groundwater levels, as well as seismic activity such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Human activities, such as altering drainage patterns, destabilizing slopes, and removing vegetation, also contribute to landslides. C
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Kagawa, Akira, and Giovanna Battipaglia. "Post-photosynthetic Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Signal Transfer to Tree Rings—How Timing of Cell Formations and Turnover of Stored Carbohydrates Affect Intra-annual Isotope Variations." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_15.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss post-photosynthetic processes that affect intra-annual variation in the stable isotopes of tree rings, such as timing of cell formations and turnover of stored carbohydrates, by combining research findings gained by using either natural-abundance or artificially-enriched carbon, oxygenand hydrogen isotopes. We focus on within-ring variation in stable isotope ratios, with an emphasis on aligning observed ratios in whole wood or extracted cellulose to seasonal dynamics in climate and phenology. We also present a discussion of isotopic fractionation that operat
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Kagawa, Akira, and Giovanna Battipaglia. "Post-photosynthetic Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Signal Transfer to Tree Rings—How Timing of Cell Formations and Turnover of Stored Carbohydrates Affect Intra-annual Isotope Variations." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_15.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss post-photosynthetic processes that affect intra-annual variation in the stable isotopes of tree rings, such as timing of cell formations and turnover of stored carbohydrates, by combining research findings gained by using either natural-abundance or artificially-enriched carbon, oxygenand hydrogen isotopes. We focus on within-ring variation in stable isotope ratios, with an emphasis on aligning observed ratios in whole wood or extracted cellulose to seasonal dynamics in climate and phenology. We also present a discussion of isotopic fractionation that operat
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Zumwalt, Michael C. "The Use of Accurate Mass, Isotope Ratios, and MS/MS for the Analysis of PPCPs in Water." In Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470429969.ch6.

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Law, D. W., C. Gunasekara, and S. Setunge. "Use of Brown Coal Ash as a Replacement of Cement in Concrete Masonry Bricks." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_4.

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AbstractPortland cement production is not regarded as environmentally friendly, because of its associated high carbon emissions, which are responsible for 5% of global emissions. An alternative is to substitute fly ash for Portland cement. Australia has an abundance of brown coal fly ash, as it is the main source of primary energy in the State of Victoria. Currently, the majority of this material is stored in landfills and currently there is no commercial use for it in the cement industry because brown coal fly ash cannot be used as a direct replacement material for Portland cement due to the
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Suárez Montenegro, Zully J., Norelhouda Abderrezag, Elena Ibáñez, and Jose A. Mendiola. "Gas-Expanded Liquids Extraction." In Green Extraction Techniques in Food Analysis. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049459123030010.

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Gas Expanded Liquids (GXL) are mixtures of liquid solvents (organic, water) and gases or supercritical fluids with diverse physicochemical properties halfway between pure liquids and supercritical fluids. The possibility of changing their properties by introducing small changes in pressure, temperature, and/or solvent/gas ratio, makes these solvents a very interesting and appropriate option for developing green extraction protocols for food analysis. In general, GXLs have similar densities as the solvent used in their composition, while having improved mass transfer through reduced viscosity,
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Sung Sang-Gyu, Lee In-Mo, Cho Gye-Chun, and Reddi Lakshmi N. "Soil-water characteristic curve assessment using a reference state concept." In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-656-9-599.

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The soil-water characteristic curves are used to investigate the fundamental behaviors of unsaturated soils such as pore size distribution, permeability, and strength. In order to suggest a generalized procedure to estimate the soil-water characteristic curves of natural soils, a new pressure cell extractor was developed for deformable soils and experimental tests were carried out on the specimens of various void ratios. During experimental tests, the residual soils used in this study showed a significant volume change due to matric suction. The results highlight the importance of correction f
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Fawcett, W. Ronald. "Liquids and Solutions at Interfaces." In Liquids, Solutions, and Interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094329.003.0012.

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When the properties of liquids and solutions are considered, attention is normally focused on the bulk of the phase, and the properties of the system at its boundaries are ignored. Significant effects are associated with the region near the surface of a liquid phase and an understanding of these is an important part of solution chemistry. As a simple example, consider a beaker of pure water at room temperature in a closed inert environment. As has been seen in the consideration of liquid structure, the properties of water are strongly influenced by hydrogen bonding between neighboring molecule
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Bicalho K.V. and Cui Y.-J. "Simulations of in situ water content and temperature changes due to ground-atmospheric interactions." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-534.

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A series of numerical analyses has been carried out to investigate the sensitivity of water content, pore-water pressure and temperature changes to the variations of the soil albedo value (i.e., the ratio of reflected to incident solar radiation) and the initial temperature profiles (ITP). The soil-atmosphere interface model is used to calculate the evaporation rate and heat flux on the soil surface; the water transport equations (liquid - Darcy's law and vapor - Fick's law) coupled to heat flow equation (de Vries 1987) are solved to determine the profiles of temperature, water content or pore
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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid water ratio"

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Ramírez, M., A. Viloria, M. Méndez, and F. Blanco. "Effects of the Water Content on the Performance of H2S Scavengers." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04479.

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Abstract Scavengers are technological options used to reduce the H2S levels in natural gas, when the stream to be treated is less than 100 MMCFD with H2S concentration up to 100 ppm. Laboratory and field tests have been performed in order to determine the reaction capabilities of such chemical treatments. Then, to establish the effect of liquid water on the solid and liquid H2S scavengers performance, laboratory tests were carried out, using different H2O/H2S ratios. The results obtained from these tests, indicated that a ratio of 0.024 g H2O/g H2S did not affect the absorption capability of t
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Arabnejad, H., A. Mansouri, S. A. Shirazi, B. S. McLaury, and J. R. Shadley. "Erosion-Corrosion Study of Oil-field Materials Due to Liquid Impact." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-06136.

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Abstract The goal of this work is to determine erosion-corrosion damage caused by liquid impacts in the oil and gas industry. The American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 14E (API RP 14E) guide describes a method for calculating an erosional velocity for clean service. Some authors believe that the basis for API RP 14E is erosion due to liquid droplet impacts. The API correlation is very simple and as noted in the literature does not contain many factors contributing to erosion-corrosion. A series of experimental data was collected for specimens from oilfield materials impacting liqui
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Oropeza-Vazquez, C., E. Afanador, L. Gomez, et al. "Oil-Water Separation in a Novel Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC) Compact Separator: Experiments and Modeling." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45547.

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The hydrodynamics of multiphase flow in a Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC) compact separator have been studied experimentally and theoretically for evaluation of its performance as a free water knockout device. In the LLCC, no complete oil-water separation occurs. Rather, it performs as a free water knockout, delivering a clean water stream in the underflow and an oil rich stream in the overflow. A total of 260 runs have been conducted for the LLCC for water-dominated flow conditions. Four different flow patterns in the inlet have been identified, namely, Stratified flow, Oil-in-Water
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Etminan, Amin, Yuri S. Muzychka, and Kevin Pope. "CFD Modelling for Gas-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flows in the Entrance Region of Microchannels." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-64172.

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Abstract This paper presents a CFD-based simulation method for air/water and water/dodecane Taylor flows through an axisymmetric microchannel with a circular cross-sectional area. A systematic analysis is conducted by exploring the effects of different superficial velocities and apparent viscosities on the hydrodynamics of a slug flow regime. A concentric junction is employed to make bubbles of air in a continuous flow of water and slugs of water in a continuous flow of dodecane oil. A time-history study is conducted to predict the air-bubble and water-slug evolution processes, in particular a
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T.N.C, Anand, Senthilkumar P, and Shamit Bakshi. "Break up length on Urea Water Solution jet in hot cross flow." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4982.

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Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) using Urea-Water Solution (UWS) as an ammonia precursor is consideredas one of the best choices to meet the current stringent emission norms for reduction of NOX in diesel engines. UWS sprayed in the engine exhaust line forms ammonia, and this ammonia reduces NOX into nitrogen. The NOX reduction efficiency depends on the mixing and evaporation behavior of the UWS spray in the hot exhaust gas. Spray characteristics decide the evaporation rate and hence the NOX reduction efficiency. The spray structure is closely related to the breakup point and breakup mode o
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Kapusta, Łukasz Jan. "LIF/Mie Droplet Sizing of Water Sprays from SCR System Injector using Structured Illumination." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.5031.

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Recent trends in SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) systems development increase requirements for UWS (UreaWater Solution) injection. Close-coupled SCR system designs decrease the distance available for water evaporation and urea decomposition. Due to that, much effort is put into static mixing elements design improvement and injection process enhancement. So far, most experimental studies on UWS spray formation were based on Mie scattering visualization using global illumination and shadowgraphy imaging. High speed imaging of Mie signal with global illumination allows to determine global spr
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Li, Xianguo, and Jihua Shen. "Experiments on Annular Liquid Jet Breakup." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17010.

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Abstract Experimental investigations have been carried out for the breakup process of an annular water jet exposed to an inner air stream by videographic and photographic techniques. Three flow regimes for the jet breakup process have been identified, i.e., bubble formation, annular jet formation and atomization. Within the bubble formation regime, the jet breakup characteristics measured from the photographs taken under various liquid and gas velocities indicate that nearly uniform bubbles are observed for various air-to-water velocity ratios; both the jet breakup length and the wavelength fo
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Cuccoli, Fabrizio, Luca Facheris, Fabrizio Argenti, Agnese Mazzinghi, Andrea Antonini, and Luca Rovai. "Power Spectral Ratio for Estimating the Liquid Water Content Between Two Corotating LEO Satellites." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553807.

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Kim, Namwon, Michael C. Murphy, Steven A. Soper, and Dimitris E. Nikitopoulos. "Liquid-Liquid Segmented Flows in Polymer Microfluidic Channels." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82277.

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Liquid-liquid segmented flows in microchannels fabricated on polymer test chips were investigated experimentally. Polymer test chips were prepared using hot embossing of polycarbonate (PC) sheets with micro-milled brass mold inserts. Three different configurations of microchannels were prepared with injection to test channels expansion ratios of 16, 4 and 2 and a fixed test channel geometry. Deionized water with blue food-coloring dye (1% v/v) was used as a dispersed fluid at flow rates (QD) between 0.5 and 60 μl/min. The carrier fluid was perfluorocarbon (FC 3283) with nonionic fluorous-solub
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Qadir, Abdul, and Peter R. Armstrong. "Hybrid Liquid-Air Transpired Solar Collector: Model Development and Sensitivity Analysis." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40571.

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The paper develops an analytical model of a novel hybrid liquid-air transpired solar collector which could simultaneously heat air and water for applications such as regeneration of liquid desiccants. An energy balance is performed, leading to a system of ODEs which is solved to obtain the air and water outlet temperatures of the collector. Three sets of sensitivity analyses have been performed on the collector varying the total thermal capacitance rates of the air and water (m˙cp)total, ratio of air to total thermal capacitance rate (m˙cp ratio), and the usual boundary conditions of water inl
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Reports on the topic "Liquid water ratio"

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Chutimaworapan, Suchada, Chaiyo Chaichantippayuth, and Areerat Laopaksa. Formulation of pharmaceutical products of Garcinia mangostana Linn. extracts. Chulalongkorn University, 2006. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2006.32.

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Part I: The purpose of the investigation was to develop the extraction process that was simple, practical and giving high yield. The maceration of dried powder of Garcinia mangostana fruit husk with ethyl acetate gave yellow crystalline powder of mangostin. The yield was calculated as 7.47%. The identification of the Garcinia mangostanahusk extract was carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and differential scanning calorimetry. The TLC of mangostin was done by using the alumina sheet and ethyl acetate: hexane (3:1) as mobile phase. The Rf value as compared with standard mangostin was
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He, Rui, Na (Luna) Lu, and Jan Olek. Development of In-Situ Sensing Method for the Monitoring of Water-Cement (w/c) Values and the Effectiveness of Curing Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317377.

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As the most widely used construction material, concrete is very durable and can provide long service life without extensive maintenance. The strength and durability of concrete are primarily influenced by the initial water-cement ratio value (w/c), and the curing condition during the hardening process also influences its performance. The w/c value is defined as the total mass of free water that can be consumed by hydration divided by the total mass of cement and any additional pozzolanic material such as fly ash, slag, silica fume. Once placed, field concrete pavements are routinely cured with
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ตัณฑะพานิชกุล, วิวัฒน์. การศึกษาผลกระทบของปริมาณน้ำในเซลลูโลสไนเตรตต่อคุณสมบัติของน้ำยาทาเล็บ ที่มีดินเหนียวเป็นสารปรับสภาพการไหล : รายงานวิจัยแบบสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2004. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2004.55.

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Cellulose nitrate (CN) is a semi-synthetic polymer rendering outstanding film properties such as good transparency, and water resistance, thus finds its major utilization in coating industry. Raw CN has water and isopropyl alcohol by-product at maximum content of approximately 3 and 30 wt%, respectively. The tolerance water level in the CN powder for a potential application as nail polish is investigated in order to produce good film-forming properties. The effect of adding layered silicate clay particles as thixotropic agent in the nail enamel is also examined. The water content was varied at
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Yentongchai, Wutichai, Sarunya Hengpraprom, and Varaporn Leepipatpiboon. Analysis of volatile organic priority pollutants in water by headspace technique. Chulalongkorn University, 1994. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1994.12.

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In this study, a headspace technique was developed for the determination of some volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons i.e, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene in water samples. Various factors having effect on the percent recovery were studied and evaluated. The temperature of 60ํC equilibration time of 60 minutes, the liquid to gas phase volume ration of 30:30 in 60 ml serum vial, 1.50 ml of injection volume, and salting out with 13.00 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate were chosen as the optimal headspace analysis condition for the determ
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Wronkiewicz, D. J., and J. K. Bates. Alpha and gamma radiation effects on air-water systems at high gas/liquid ratios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/437673.

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Bliss, Desiree, AJ Troyer, Khalid Lodhi, Zhiping Luo, Sangeetha Balabhadra, and Emily Prisaznik. Qualification of Metallic Ions Recovered from Swabbing Unfired Brass Bullet Casings. Florida International University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25148/gfjcsr.2024.3.

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The presence of metallic ions has been established to inhibit DNA Taq Polymerase, a key component for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), making amplification challenging when trying to generate a DNA profile of bullet handler transferred DNA, commonly called touch DNA from the unfired bullet casing surface. The goal of this research is to determine the amount of various bivalent cations such as Copper (Cu+2) and Zinc (Zn+2), which are suspected PCR amplification reaction inhibitors. A known concentration (0.1ng/µL) of liquid standardized human DNA, the total amount (1 ng, 3 ng, and 5 ng) was
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