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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid water ratio'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Silvestrelli, Pier Luigi. "Transport properties in liquids from first-principles: The case of liquid water and liquid argon." Journal of Chemical Physics 158, no. 13 (2023): 134503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144353.

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Shear and bulk viscosities of liquid water and argon are evaluated from first-principles in the density functional theory (DFT) framework, by performing molecular dynamics simulations in the NVE ensemble and using the Kubo–Greenwood equilibrium approach. The standard DFT functional is corrected in such a way to allow for a reasonable description of van der Waals effects. For liquid argon, the thermal conductivity has been also calculated. Concerning liquid water, to our knowledge, this is the first estimate of the bulk viscosity and of the shear-viscosity/bulk-viscosity ratio from first-princi

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2

K . Harweel, Cecelia, and Asseel M. Rasheed. "Drop Interface Coalescence in Liquid-Liquid System." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 8, no. 1 (2007): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2007.1.5.

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This investigation is a study of the length of time where drops can exist at an oil-water interface before coalescence take place with a bulk of the same phase as the drops. Many factors affecting the time of coalescence were studied in is investigation which included: dispersed phase flow rate, continuous phase height, hole size in distributor, density difference between phases, and viscosity ratio of oil/water systems, employing three liquid/liquid systems; kerosene/water, gasoil/water, and hexane/water. Higher value of coalescence time was 8.26 s at 0.7ml/ s flow rate, 30cm height and 7mm d

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3

Osundare, Olusegun Samson, Gioia Falcone, Liyun Lao, and Alexander Elliott. "Liquid-Liquid Flow Pattern Prediction Using Relevant Dimensionless Parameter Groups." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174355.

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Accurate predictions of flow patterns in liquid-liquid flow are critical to the successful design and operation of industrial and geo-energy systems where two liquids are jointly transported. Unfortunately, there is no unified flow pattern map, because all published maps are based on limited ranges of dimensional parameters. Dimensional analysis was performed on oil-water horizontal flows, to obtain some relevant dimensionless parameter groups (DPG) for constructing flow pattern maps (FPM). The following combinations of DPG were used: (i) the ratio of mixture Reynolds number to Eötvös number v

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4

Fernandez, Federico, and Robert M. Quigley. "Hydraulic conductivity of natural clays permeated with simple liquid hydrocarbons." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, no. 2 (1985): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-028.

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The hydraulic conductivity, k, of clayey soils is strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of permeating liquid hydrocarbons. Tests on natural Sarnia soils mixed with pure liquids at a void ratio of 0.8 yielded k values that increased from 5 × 10−9 to 1 × 10−4 cm/s as the dielectric constant of the permeant decreased from 80 to 2.Sequential permeation of compacted, water-wet samples (k ≈ 10−8 cm/s) showed no changes in hydraulic conductivity when permeated with water-insoluble hydrocarbons of low dielectric constant (benzene, cyclohexane, xylene). These hydrophobic liquids were fo

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Zakaria, Z. N., M. S. Sanordi, and M. S. Laili. "Intensity Ratio Distribution in Different Dielectric Liquids using Kerr Effect Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2550, no. 1 (2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2550/1/012023.

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Abstract Light intensity is the result from the Kerr effect measurement that can be used in determining the electric field distributions in dielectric liquids as the analysis continues afterwards. One of the most important parameters to consider in designing the Kerr effect experiment is the Kerr constant of the test liquid. This paper aims to study and compare light intensity distribution in different dielectric liquids using Kerr effect method. Propylene carbonate, transformer oil and purified water are used as the test liquids. From the results obtained, the light intensities as a function

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6

Kim, Gyu Hyun, Sung Hyuk Cho, Ji Hye Han, et al. "Effect of Drying Liquid on Stiction of High Aspect Ratio Structures." Solid State Phenomena 187 (April 2012): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.75.

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In this paper, we studied stiction behavior of HAR pattern (line and space pattern) dependence on adhesion force with surface tension of drying liquid and surface contact angle. Surface tension effect was evaluated with various drying liquids such as IPA, ethanol and HFE (hydrofluoroether) chemical. Patterns treated by dHF, APM and surface modifier were introduced to investigate dependence of pattern collapse on contact angle. The high temperature D.I. water rinse followed by high temperatures drying using liquid with low surface tension was a most effective. Furthermore, surface modification

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7

Ku Ishak, Ku Esyra Hani, and Mohammed Abdalla Ayoub. "Performance of liquid–liquid hydrocyclone (LLHC) for treating produced water from surfactant flooding produced water." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 2 (2019): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-01-2019-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of the fabricated liquid–liquid hydrocyclone (LLHC) with dimensions similar to those of one of the Malaysian oilfields with the presence of an anionic surfactant, S672. The effect of salinity and initial oil concentration were also investigated following the actual range concentration. Design/methodology/approach The current control system’s pressure drop ratio (PDR) does not necessarily lead to an efficient LLHC. Therefore, rather than using the PDR, the efficiency of the LLHC was analyzed by comparing the concentration of oi

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Saleh, Noorashikin Md, N. M. Hafiz, and Nik Nur Atiqah NikWee. "Determination of Parabens from Water Samples Using Cloud Point Extraction, Vortex Extraction and Liquid–Liquid Extraction Method Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (2020): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8717.

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A straightforward and efficient way for extraction of parabens that is methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben and benzylparaben in environmental water samples was developed through optimizing parameters for each method of extraction. In this study, methods involved were cloud point extraction, vortex extraction, and liquid–liquid extraction. The parameters affecting the method of extraction were such as salt concentration, surfactant concentration, type of solvent, temperature, ratio of solvent to water and extraction time. The optimum parameter for cloud point extraction method were 1.0 M

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Xiong, Weidong, Bangqi Yin, Jiancheng Zhang, et al. "Influence of Compressed Air Foam Extinguishing System on The Performance of Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Extinguishing Agent." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 126 (January 10, 2025): 92–97. https://doi.org/10.54097/nj04y058.

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According to the national standard, the relationship between the expansion, the drainage time and the gas-liquid ratio of the water-formed film foam extinguishing agent under different mixture ratio was investigated experimentally by using the gas-liquid two-phase foam gun. The results show that with the increase of gas-liquid ratio, the foaming multiple of water-formed foam first increases rapidly and then tends to a stable value. 25% drainage time first increases and then decreases and finally tends to a stable value. With the increase of mixture ratio, the expansion and 25% drainage time of

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10

Kwak, Moon Kyu, Cheol Woo Park, Kwang-Il Hwang, Choon Man Park, Hoon Eui Jeong, and Jun Ho Choi. "Extreme hydrophobicity and omniphilicity of high-aspect-ratio silicon structures." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 06n07 (2015): 1540009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915400096.

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We present an application of high-aspect-ratio (high-AR) silicon structures (black silicon) with high water repellency and good wettability by oils and solvents. The fabrication of black silicon consists of a deep reactive-ion etching process for extremely-high-AR silicon structures and surface treatment with C 4 F 8 gas. Such high-AR structures were found to be highly resistant against wetting by water, but they also have good wetting characteristics with respect to certain liquids such as ethanol, hexane and mineral oil. To determine the relationship between the AR of nanostructures and wett

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11

Oropeza-Vazquez, C., E. Afanador, L. Gomez, et al. "Oil-Water Separation in a Novel Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC©) Compact Separator—Experiments and Modeling." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 4 (2004): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1777233.

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The hydrodynamics of multiphase flow in a Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC) compact separator have been studied experimentally and theoretically for evaluation of its performance as a free water knockout device. In the LLCC, no complete oil-water separation occurs. Rather, it performs as a free-water knockout, delivering a clean water stream in the underflow and an oil rich stream in the overflow. A total of 260 runs have been conducted, measuring the LLCC separation efficiency for water-dominated flow conditions. For all runs, an optimal split-ratio (underflow to inlet flow rate ratio)

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Van Buren, Tyler, and Alexander J. Smits. "Substantial drag reduction in turbulent flow using liquid-infused surfaces." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 827 (August 24, 2017): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.503.

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Experiments are presented that demonstrate how liquid-infused surfaces can reduce turbulent drag significantly in Taylor–Couette flow. The test liquid was water, and the test surface was composed of square microscopic grooves measuring $100~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ to $800~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$, filled with alkane liquids with viscosities from 0.3 to 1.4 times that of water. We achieve drag reduction exceeding 35 %, four times higher than previously reported for liquid-infused surfaces in turbulent flow. The level of drag reduction increased with viscosity ratio, groove width, f

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A. Al-Hemiri, Adil, and Mohammed D. Selman. "ESTIMATION OF MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS IN A PACKED DISTILLATION COLUMN USING BATCH MODE." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 12, no. 1 (2011): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2011.1.2.

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This research adopts the estimation of mass transfer coefficient in batch packed bed distillation column as function of physical properties, liquid to vapour molar rates ratio (L / V), relative volatility (α), ratio of vapour and liquid diffusivities (DV / DL), ratio of vapour and liquid densities (ρV / ρL), ratio of vapour and liquid viscosities (μV/ μL).The experiments are done using binary systems, (Ethanol Water), (Methanol Water), (Methanol Ethanol), (Benzene Hexane), (Benzene Toluene). Statistical program (multiple regression analysis) is used for estimating the overall mass transfer coe

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14

Barber, J., P. H. Brooks, and J. L. Carpenter. "The effects of water to feed ratio on the digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention of a grower ration." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020869.

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With the increase in the use of wet feeding systems, there has been a controversy over the optimum water to feed ratio to be used in these systems. Braude et al., (1967) showed that the feed conversion ratio was 20% higher for wet fed pigs compared to dry fed pigs. However, Forbes et al., (1968) found no significant difference in daily gain between wet and dry fed pigs.Gill et al., (1987) conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of different water to feed ratios on the performance of growing pigs provided with an additional water supply. They showed that liveweight gain and feed conv

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15

Kaleta, Agnieszka, Krzysztof Górnicki, Marko Obranović, and Krzysztof Kosiorek. "Suitable Model for Rehydration of Dried Red Beets: Effect of Solid-to-Liquid Ratio on Rehydration Characteristics." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (2024): 6132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146132.

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Rehydration of food products was carried out in various amounts of liquid. The effects of the solid-to-liquid ratio on rehydration characteristics of dried red beets were investigated. Six values of the solid-to-liquid ratio (1:20, 1:15, 1:10, 1:5, 1:3, and 1:1) were taken into consideration. Red beets cubes (10 mm) were dried in a forced convection (2 m/s; 60 °C) and then rehydrated in distilled water at a temperature of 20 °C. The kinetics of mass gain, dry matter loss, water gain, moisture content increase, and volume increase were modeled using the empirical Peleg model which parameters ha

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16

Agung, Rasmito, Sato Abas, and Sri Widari Nyoman. "THE EFFECT OF STARTER RATIO ON TOFU-PROCESSING WASTEWATER FERMENTATION INTO FERTILIZER." Engineering and Technology Journal 08, no. 05 (2023): 2207–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7940566.

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The process of tofu manufacturing produces solid (slurry) and liquid wastes with high protein content. Tofu-processing Wastewater can be used as the primary material for liquid NPK fertilizer production. The process of converting tofu-processing wastewater into liquid fertilizer was simple and requires a short fermentation time. The fermentation process was carried out by mixing of EM 4 (starter for fermentation liquid), alcohol as solvent and organics matter. The selection of organic matter that is used as the primary ingredient of liquid fertilizer would affect the content of N, P and K subs

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17

Aouadi, Balkis, Flora Vitalis, Zsanett Bodor, John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu, Istvan Kertesz, and Zoltan Kovacs. "NIRS and Aquaphotomics Trace Robusta-to-Arabica Ratio in Liquid Coffee Blends." Molecules 27, no. 2 (2022): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020388.

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Coffee is both a vastly consumed beverage and a chemically complex matrix. For a long time, an arduous chemical analysis was necessary to resolve coffee authentication issues. Despite their demonstrated efficacy, such techniques tend to rely on reference methods or resort to elaborate extraction steps. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and the aquaphotomics approach, on the other hand, reportedly offer a rapid, reliable, and holistic compositional overview of varying analytes but with little focus on low concentration mixtures of Robusta-to-Arabica coffee. Our study aimed for a comparative ass

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18

Sliusenko, Andrii, Vitalii Ponomarenko, and Inna Forostiuk. "Water-air ejector with conical-cylindrical mixing chamber." Acta Polytechnica 61, no. 6 (2021): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2021.61.0768.

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In the paper, the hydrodynamics of the liquid-gas mixture in the mixing chamber of the ejectors at different spatial positions was analyzed and the comparative study of such ejectors was carried out. It was found that a more ordered mode of movement of the mixture in the mixing chamber is created as a result of the coincidence of the velocity vector of liquid drops and the direction of gravity in the vertical position of the ejectors. This leads to increasing the volume entrainment ratio almost twice. The analysis of the liquid-gas mixture flow in the mixing chamber, evaluation calculations an

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19

Li, Hong Rui, Li Bing Yuan, Ming Sheng Xv, and Wen Bo Zhang. "Optimization on Extraction Technique of Soluble Soybean Polysaccharide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.1156.

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To investigate the extraction technique of soluble soybean polysaccharide by ultrasonic assistance, four relative factors, including water extraction temperature, ultrasonic treatment time, ultrasonic power and solid to liquid ratio, were optimized through orthogonal test L9 (34 ) on the basis of single factor experiment. The factors influencing the extraction rate of soluble soybean polysaccharide, in the sequence of significance, were ultrasonic treatment time, water extraction time, water extraction temperature and sold to liquid ratio. The optimum extraction technological parameter of solu

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20

Rahmawati, Fitria, and Arum Putri Parameswari. "A Binary Liquid Mixture of Bioethanol-Water and Biodiesel-Water as Fuel for NSDC-LNSDCNSDC-L Direct Ethanol-Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 15, no. 2 (2021): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht15.02.254.

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This research studies the possibility on using a binary liquid mixture of bioethanol-water and biodiesel-water as fuel for a NSDC-LNSDCNSDC-L single fuel cell. The ratio of bioethanol-water was 70:30, as well as the ratio of biodiesel-water. The fuel vapor flowed into the fuel cell system under the temperatures of 673, 773 and 873 K with a flow rate of 1–1.5 ml•min-1. The highest power densities were found at 673 K which are 2.984 and 1.838 mW•cm-2 for bioethanol-water and biodiesel-water, respectively. It is a promising result for a single fuel cell test with a very low rate of liquid fuel

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Yufeng, Wang, Zhang Jing, Wang Qing, et al. "Raman Lidar for Synchronous Water Vapor, Liquid Water and Ice Water Profilings." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023706013.

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Water is the only atmospheric parameter with three-phase state. An ultraviolet Raman lidar was developed for synchronous measurements for water vapor, liquid water and ice water in Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China (34.233°N, 108.911°E). An accurate retrieval method on the basis of interference degree is proposed for synchronous three-phase water mixing ratio profiles. Preliminary measurements are carried out in the Laser Radar Center of Remote Sensing of Atmosphere (LRCRSA). Several representative examples are obtained and validated the performance of Raman system. Combined with at

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Liu, Shu Xing, Le Wang, and Da Qing Yang. "Study on Influence of Different Desulfurization Methods of Apple Slice." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2753.

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In order to decrease the residue content of sulfite of apple slices, the desulfurization by water, alkali solution and ultrasonic were studied. Results showed that the optimal parameters of the orthogonal design for eliminating the sulfur by water were: 60°C of temperature, 1:6 of solid-liquid ratio, 45 min/time of water refresh cycle, 3h of time. In this optimal condition, the desulfurization was 96.054%, and the residue content of sulfite was 0.090 g/kg. While the optimum conditions of alkali method were: using 0.06% Ca (OH) 2 with the solid-liquid ratio 1:5.4 at 54°C. In this optimal condit

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Wang, Wen-Ting, Fu-Ning Sang, Jian-Hong Xu, Yun-Dong Wang, and Guang-Sheng Luo. "The enhancement of liquid–liquid extraction with high phase ratio by microfluidic-based hollow droplet." RSC Advances 5, no. 100 (2015): 82056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15769b.

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We developed a novel method to enhance the liquid–liquid extraction by a microfluidic-based hollow droplet structure. A one-step microfluidic device is used for the generation of gas-in-oil-in-water double emulsions.

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Zhang, Hong Bo, Jian Pu Liu, and Huan Xin Lai. "Numerical Simulation of Jetting Instability in Flow Focusing Microfluidics." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.630.

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In this paper, jetting behavior of two immiscible liquids, water as the outer liquid and silicone oil as the inner liquid in typical flow focusing microchannels were numerically studied using VOF method. At low capillary number, uniform microdroplets were obtained by the absolute instability. With the increasing of fluid flow ratio, the jet is thinner and tends to break up further away the cross junction. The results showed that the flow rate ratio is the main factor that influences the microdroplet sizes, while the frequency of microdroplets formation can be controlled mainly by the surface t

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25

Hui, Su, HE Ya-qi, ZHAO Yu, et al. "Technical exploration of horizontal screw centrifuge in solid-liquid separation of flowback liquid in offshore production." E3S Web of Conferences 206 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020603009.

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This paper introduces the structure and working principle of horizontal screw centrifuge with large length diameter ratio and its technological process in the separation of liquid-solid liquid in the flowback of offshore production. The effects of different water addition ratio, rotating speed and demulsifier content on the separation effect of centrifuge were investigated by indoor experiments. The orthogonal test was used to optimize the parameters, and the optimal combination of parameters was as follows: water ratio was 1.5/1, rotating speed was 3000r / min, demulsification was achieved Th

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Takigawa, Toshikazu, Koichi Uchida, Katsunori Takahashi, and Toshiro Masuda. "Swelling and flow properties of tubular poly(vinyl alcohol) gels." Biorheology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Biorheology 36, no. 5-6 (1999): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0006355x1999036005006005.

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Swelling and flow properties of tubular poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels prepared with the cooling method were investigated using an inflation testing method. When the tubular hydrogel in liquid paraffin was inflated by using liquid paraffin as a pressure transmitting medium, namely in the case that the liquids inside and outside the gel are both liquid paraffin (P/P combination), the gel showed a slight volume change determined by Poisson’s ratio of the gel. When the gel in water was inflated by liquid paraffin (P/W combination), the gel swelled to large extent compared with the case of P/

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27

Wong, Chong Yau, Mohamed Nabil Noui-Mehidi, and Jie Wu. "Performance of swirl tube oil-water separator for downhole applications." APPEA Journal 49, no. 1 (2009): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08026.

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An experimental comparison is made between a 2 inch (50.8 mm internal diameter) liquid-liquid cylindrical cyclone (LLCC©) and a 2 inch CSIRO-patented liquid-liquid separator (CS-T). Flow visualisation by long-time exposure photography of the LLCC revealed a steady vortex core with a fixed orientation that is independent of the inlet watercut percentage. Visualisation of the CS-T revealed an inverted cone that varied with length at decreasing watercut at the inlet stream. Volume fraction studies showed that the CS-T separation characteristic is similar to the LLCC at the 50% split ratio, but th

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LAROUS, Soumaya, Nadjet BOULKROUNE, Racha Chiraz OUGOUR, and Nourhen Nada M’ZAHEM. "Study of quaternary liquid-liquid equilibria for systems (water/ methanol/ cyclohexanol+ toluene): Experimental and modelling." Revue Roumaine de Chimie 69, no. 5-6 (2024): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33224/rrch.2024.69.5-6.09.

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The experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the extraction of methanol from aqueous solution using mixed solvents (toluene + cyclohexanol) at 291.15 K and atmospheric pressure at the ratios (0, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) was studied. The values of the solvent ratio 0 and 1 led us to study the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the ternary systems (water/methanol/cyclohexanol) and (water/methanol/toluene). The compositions of the coexisting phases were determined by the cloud point method. The tie line data for ternary and quaternary systems were correlated by NRTL model. The Othmer-Tobias

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Vallejos, María Evangelina, Marcia Dib Zambon, María Cristina Area, and Antonio Aprigio da Silva Curvelo. "Low liquid–solid ratio (LSR) hot water pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse." Green Chemistry 14, no. 7 (2012): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2gc35397k.

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Cao, Zhengqing, Xuelong Yang, Xu Xiao, et al. "Experimental Study on the Performance and Internal Flow Characteristics of Liquid–Gas Jet Pump with Square Nozzle." Water 16, no. 17 (2024): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16172358.

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In order to ascertain the impact of working water flow rate and inlet pressure on the performance of the liquid–gas jet pump with square nozzle, the pumping volume ratio and efficiency of the liquid–gas jet pump with square nozzle were experimentally investigated at different inlet pressures and working water flow rates. Furthermore, the internal flow characteristics of the liquid–gas jet pump with square nozzle were explored through the utilization of visualization technology in the self-designed square-nozzle liquid–gas jet pump experimental setup. The findings indicate that the pumping rati

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31

Nakajima, Hironori, Henrik Ekström, Asuka Shima, Yoshitsugu Sone, and Göran Lindbergh. "Water Transport Modeling in a Microporous Layer for a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Having a Gas-Liquid Separating Interdigitated Flow Field." ECS Transactions 112, no. 4 (2023): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11204.0273ecst.

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A new interdigitated flow field design for polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers has been developed for ground and space applications. It internally separates oxygen and liquid water, eliminating the water circulators to remove the bubbles and external gas-liquid separators with buoyancy. The capillary pressure in the hydrophobic microporous layer(MPL) of the anode porous transport layer enables the internal separation of oxygen gas and pressurized liquid water. A finite element model (COM-SOL Multiphysics) simulates water transport in the MPL. Electrochemical impedance spectra determine

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Chasib, Maryam Ibrahim, and Raghad Fareed Qasim. "Designing and studying operational parameters of hydrocyclone for oil – water separation." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 4 (2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.4.006.

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This research presents the design procedure for liquid – liquid hydrocyclone to separate kerosene – water emulsion. It studies the effects of varying feed flow rate (6, 8, 10, and 12 l/min), inlet kerosene concentration (250, 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 ppm) , and split ratio (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9) on the outcomes; separation efficiency and pressure drop ratio . This study used factorial experimental design assisted with Minitab program to obtain the optimum operating conditions. It was shown that inlet concentration of 250 ppm, 12 l/min inlet flow rate, and 0.9 split ratio gave 94.78 % as

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Vu, Do Van, Nguyen Hong Nguyen, and Tri Ly Minh Nguyen. "DETERMINING OPTIMIZED CONDITIONS FOR REMOVAL OF CHLOROPHYLL IN EXTRACTED LIQUID FROM NEEM LEAVES BY DISTILLED WATER BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 4 (2011): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i4.2046.

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Chlorophyll content in liquid ethanol extract of neem’s leaves has bad effect on quality and storage time of the extract. In this study, we tried to remove remaining chlorophyll in the liquid ethanol extract of neem’s leaves by distilled water. The results showed that after chlorophyll removing, the liquid extract still retained almost all the biological activity ingredients (limonoid). Three effecting factors, i.e., (i) The time to cool to precipitate chlorophyll in the extracted liquid, (ii) The initial content of chlorophyll; (iii) The ratio between the extracted liquid and distilled water

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Wei, Shi Ju, Jian Li Tan, Wan Li Lu, Le Ping Liu, Shu Juan Yu, and Guang Jian Zheng. "Preparation and Performances of Geopolymer-Based Plant Fiber Composites." Solid State Phenomena 281 (August 2018): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.281.266.

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Geopolymer-based plant fiber composites were fabricated with metakaolin, alkaline sodium silicate and plant fibers. In this paper, orthogonal test and single factor analysis were used to study the influence of water glass modulus, solid liquid ratio and fiber content on bending strength. The results show that sequence of influence factors for bending strength was: solid to liquid ratio > fiber content > water glass modulus. When the water glass modulus is 1.7, the fiber content is 8% and the solid to liquid ratio is 1:1.4, the bending strength is up to 10.44MPa, which exceeds the Standar

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Hadnadjev-Kostic, Milica, Arpad Kiralj, and Dunja Sokolovic. "Wettability investigation of stainless steel fibers with mineral oils using the modified method for liquid penetration kinetics." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 49 (2018): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1849053h.

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The modified Washburn equation and the lipophilic/hydrophilic (L/H) ratio are most commonly used for the wettability characterization of fibers. Therefore, this liquid penetration method was applied for the wettability investigation of stainless steel fibers with mineral oils and the lipophilic/hydrophilic (L/H) ratio was obtained. As test liquids mineral oils and water were used. It was found that the range of L/H ratio values was vastly broad (from 1048340 to 37802) concluding that this liquid penetration method was not suitable for these particular fibers. Consequently, in this study a modi

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Liao, Shu Qiong, Xiao Yu Peng, Xue Wang Zhang, et al. "The Preparation of Micro-Molecular Dextran in Sub-Critical Water/CO₂." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 502–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.502.

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Micro-molecular dextran was prepared in sub-critical water/CO2 by hydrolysis of dextran20. The obtained products were mainly characterized by FT-IR and GPC. Furthermore, the reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction pressure, solid-liquid radio and stirring speed were systematically investigated during the work. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: the reaction temperature was 160°C; the reaction time was 60 min; the reaction pressure was 2.5MPa; the solid-liquid ratio was 0.6 and the stirring speed was 300r/min.

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Gerasimovas, Valentinas, and Robertas Urbanavičius. "EFFICIENCY RESEARCH ON MEAT INDUSTRY WASTE WATER TREATMENT APPLYING THE METHOD OF DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION / MĖSOS PRAMONĖS NUOTEKŲ VALYMO FLOTACINIU METODU EFEKTYVUMO TYRIMAS." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 6 (2012): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.100.

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To protect environment from industrial pollution, strict requirements for waste water treatment are imposed. The purpose of research is to establish an optimal ratio of saturated liquid and meat industry waste water. Research included JCC “Traidenis” waste water treatment system installed in JSC “BHJ Baltic”. Investigations into treated waste water indicated that an optimal ratio of waste water and saturated liquid was 2/1 under duration time of 8 minutes. Efficient waste water treatment made 86% and the ratio of waste water and saturated liquid was 2/1. Santrauka Siekiant apsaugoti gamtą nuo

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Rashid, Saman Abdulmajid, Questan Ali Ameen, Nidhal Abdulgani Mustafa, Sarwar Mohammed Sadq, and Ahmed Sami Shaker. "Influence of Liquid Methionine (methiogrow) in Drinking Water on Broiler Chicks Performance, Drinking Water, and Carcass Traits." Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences 21, no. 4 (2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.21.4.2.

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The effect of a liquid methionine source provided through the drinking water on broiler chick performance, water intake, and carcass characteristics were studied using 264 unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308, 7 days old). Methionine was added within three replicates in four treatments with 22 birds in each as follows: T1 (control treatment): without adding liquid methionine, T2: adding 0.25 ml of liquid methionine/litter of drinking water, T3: adding 0.50 ml of liquid methionine/litter of drinking water, and T4: adding 0.75 ml of liquid methionine/litter of drinking water. Live body weight, body

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Zhang, Jie, Qiong Qiong Li, and Yu Qiang Xiong. "The Influence Factors of Compressive Strength and Production of Mineral Polymer of Aluminum Rocks in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1086–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1086.

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Aluminous rocks from Xiuwen County, Guizhou are the main raw materials, mixed some kaolin mineral. Water glass and alkaline activators are used to product polymer materials, the main experimental indicators are the compressive strength. Here, the studies on amount of water glass and alkaline activator, solid-liquid ratio, amount of kaolin and effects on compressive strength of Geopolymer have been proceeded respectively. The result shows that: the highest compressive strength of geopolymers is17.94 Mpa, with aluminous rock 40g, solid-liquid ratio 2.2, water glass12g and alkali activator 2.01g,

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FUNADA, T., and D. D. JOSEPH. "Viscous potential flow analysis of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in a channel." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 445 (October 16, 2001): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001005572.

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We study the stability of stratified gas–liquid flow in a horizontal rectangular channel using viscous potential flow. The analysis leads to an explicit dispersion relation in which the effects of surface tension and viscosity on the normal stress are not neglected but the effect of shear stresses is. Formulas for the growth rates, wave speeds and neutral stability curve are given in general and applied to experiments in air–water flows. The effects of surface tension are always important and determine the stability limits for the cases in which the volume fraction of gas is not too small. The

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Hamzah, Hazamaah Nur, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Cheng Yong Heah, Mohd Remy Rozainy Arif Zainol, and Kamarudin Hussin. "Assessment to the Solid to Liquid Ratios on the Soil Strength and Water Absorption of the Kedah’s Soil." Materials Science Forum 841 (January 2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.841.59.

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The purpose of this paper is to assess the solid to liquid ratios on the compressive strength and water absorption of Kedah’s soil by using geopolymerization method. Fly ash and soft soil were mixed with alkaline activators namely sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) for preparing stabilize the soil sample. The geopolymerization process for soil stabilization was synthesized by the activation of fly ash and soil with alkaline solution at four different solid to liquid ratios which were 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 at a specific constant ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH solution of 0.5. The com

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Matrosov, Sergey Y., and David D. Turner. "Retrieving Mean Temperature of Atmospheric Liquid Water Layers Using Microwave Radiometer Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 35, no. 5 (2018): 1091–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-17-0179.1.

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AbstractA remote sensing method to retrieve the mean temperature of cloud liquid using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements is evaluated and tested by comparisons with direct cloud temperature information inferred from ceilometer cloud-base measurements and temperature profiles from radiosonde soundings. The method is based on the dependence of the ratio of cloud optical thicknesses at W-band (~90 GHz) and Ka-band (~30 GHz) frequencies on cloud liquid temperature. This ratio is obtained from total optical thicknesses inferred from radiometer measurements of brightness temperatures af

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Liu, Yang, Jianchao Deng, Yamei Wang, Xiaoyang Zhan, Deyuan Zhang, and Huawei Chen. "Self-Assembly of Self-Cleaning Polystyrene/Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Films with Well-Ordered Micro-Structures." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111133.

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Well-ordered porous films have been widely applied in various areas, such as chemical sensors, microreactors, and tissue engineering. In this article, we propose a novel air-liquid interface self-assembly method to fabricate well-ordered porous polystyrene (PS)/styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) films by simply dipping the PS/SBS chloroform solutions onto the surface of a mixed water/ethanol liquid phase. The proper volume ratio of water/ethanol is necessary for the formation of films with highly uniform pore size. The effect of weight ratio of PS/SBS, the volume ratio of water/ethanol and the co

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Nakajima, Hironori, Linda Bolay, Henrik Ekström, Asuka Shima, Göran Lindbergh, and Yoshitsugu Sone. "Numerical Modeling of Water Transport in a Microporous Layer-Coated Porous Transport Layer for a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer with an Interdigitated Flow Field for Internal Gas-Liquid Separation." ECS Transactions 114, no. 5 (2024): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11405.0703ecst.

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A novel design for interdigitated flow fields in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers has been developed for both ground and space applications. This design separates oxygen and liquid water internally, eliminating the need for water circulators to remove bubbles and external gas-liquid separators with buoyancy. The capillary pressure in the hydrophobic microporous layer (MPL) of the anode porous transport layer facilitates internal separation of oxygen gas and pressurized liquid water. A finite element model (COMSOL Multiphysics) simulates water transport in the MPL, while electrochemic

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Nakajima, Hironori, Linda Bolay, Henrik Ekström, Asuka Shima, Göran Lindbergh, and Yoshitsugu Sone. "Numerical Modeling of Water Transport in a Microporous Layer-Coated Porous Transport Layer for a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer with an Interdigitated Flow Field for Internal Gas-Liquid Separation." ECS Transactions 114, no. 5 (2024): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11405.0689ecst.

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A novel design for interdigitated flow fields in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers has been developed for both ground and space applications. This design separates oxygen and liquid water internally, eliminating the need for water circulators to remove bubbles and external gas-liquid separators with buoyancy. The capillary pressure in the hydrophobic microporous layer (MPL) of the anode porous transport layer facilitates internal separation of oxygen gas and pressurized liquid water. A finite element model (COMSOL Multiphysics) simulates water transport in the MPL, while electrochemic

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Li, Huifan, Yuxin Liu, Jing Liu, Gaofeng Dong, Zhongren Li, and Wenjun Zhang. ""Influencing factors of double roll coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco by papermaking." BioResources 20, no. 1 (2024): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.1.190-200.

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To investigate and elucidate the influencing factors and laws of double-roll coating ratio (CR) for papermaking reconstituted tobacco and to assess the effectiveness of CR in characterizing the finished product’s hot water soluble (HWS) content, base sheet (BS) specimens of reconstituted tobacco with varying bone-dry basis weights and moisture contents were prepared. These sheets were then coated with different physical indices of coating liquids using a small double-roll coater at different sheet speeds. Subsequently, the CR and HWS content of the finished product were analyzed. The results s

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Zhang, Bao, Hongtao Jing, Zhixiong Tu, et al. "Investigation of Gas-liquid Separation Experiment of Electric Pump Drainage and Gas Extraction Unit in High Gas-liquid Ratio Gas Wells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2659, no. 1 (2023): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2659/1/012033.

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Abstract Given the prominent problem of water in the Tarim basin of China with high formation temperature and large water production, a preferred scheme of electric pump drainage and gas extraction unit for gas fields with a high gas-liquid ratio is proposed by the mechanical principle and structural design method. Then, the corresponding electric pumps were developed, and the drainage and gas extraction scheme of a permanent magnet electric pump unit with gas-liquid separation in the way of an inverted deflector is designed. Through indoor experiments simulating the downhole gas-liquid ratio

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Bui Thi Le Thuy, Nguyễn Đức Chính, Công Ngọc Thắng, Vũ Văn Toàn, Vũ Duy Thịnh, and Tạ Thị Toán. "Influence of some parameters on synthesis processes of triethyl ammonium oleate and triethyl ammonium stearate." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 13, no. 3 (2024): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.62239/jca.2024.056.

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Two ionic liquids named triethyl ammonium oleate ([TEA][Oleate] and triethyl ammonium stearate ([TEA][Stearate]) were synthesized from triethyl amine and oleic/stearic acids in water and in ethanol solvents. The synthesized ionic liquids were characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectra to confirm their structure. The influence of some parameters such as structure of ionic liquid anion, solvent, reaction time, reaction temperature, and acid/amine molar ratio on the synthesis processes of triethyl ammonium oleate and triethyl ammonium stearate was investigated. Ethanol was found suitable as a solvent

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Liu, Qilin, Xue Han, Jian Cao, et al. "Design of Multifunctional and Efficient Water-Based Annulus Protection Fluid for HTHP Sour Gas Wells." Processes 11, no. 1 (2023): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010171.

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In order to solve the corrosion problem of production string in the process of acidizing for the purpose of production, a new water-based annular protective fluid suitable for HTHP acid gas, including H2S-CO2 wells, was developed. Firstly, an appropriate deoxidizer, bactericide, and corrosion inhibitor shall be selected according to the production string of acid gas. In addition, the synergism between additives is evaluated. Then, by designing the additive ratio, the optimal formulation of the water-based annular protective fluid is determined. Finally, a high-temperature autoclave was used to

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Shojaee Zadeh, Seyyed Saeed, Patrick Walsh, and Vanessa Egan. "Velocity measurements of individual droplets in liquid-liquid Taylor flows in circular capillaries." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (2021): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012074.

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Abstract This study is focused on the effect of droplet length on droplet velocity in liquid-liquid Taylor flows for microfluidic applications. An experimental set up was designed to measure droplet velocity over a wide range of droplet lengths and flow velocities while also varying viscosity ratio. Five different fluid combinations were examined by employing AR20, FC40, HFE7500 and water. Results indicate the complexity of predicting droplet velocity in such flow regimes and also show a strong influence of viscosity ratio and Bond number.

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