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Academic literature on the topic 'Liquide ionique phosphonium'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquide ionique phosphonium"
Rios, Vera Rafael Manuel. "Étude des propriétés physicochimiques de mélanges de liquide ionique et d’extractants et leurs applications pour la récupération de l’argent." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066570/document.
Full textSynthesis and characterization of two new cholinium-based ionic liquids, named N-(2-hidroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-octylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C8linCol]+[NTf2]- and N-(2-hidroxyethyl)-N-(2-ethylhexyl)-N,N-dimethyl-ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [C8ramCol]+[NTf2]- has been developed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ATR-FTIR y ESI-MS. Properties as the viscous flux activation energy, the volume or the molar entropy have been calculated from the experimental data on density and viscosity. Calculations showed that the ramified ionic liquid possess a higher degree of structural order when compared with the linear ionic liquid. Also, their capacity for the recovery of Ag (I) was determined and an extraction level of 98.6% for the linear and 40.5% for the ramified ionic liquid was found. Maximum extraction was found at pH 5.0 with an important selectivity on the extraction of Ag (I) and Cu (II) towards Fe (III). Ag (I) extraction with a phosphonium-based ionic liquid (2,4,4 dimethyl(penthyl) phosphinate de trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium) was also tested. Extraction tests were developed at different concentration values when dissolved in kerosene or kerosene plus decan-1-ol. An extraction level of 80 to 85% was determined with the different mixtures at a maximum recovery pH of 3.0. Spectroscopic characterization (ATR-IR) showed the protonation of the anion in the ionic liquid forming the acid specie. This specie is probably the responsible for the extraction of silver. The formation of a dimeric specie was found in the 31P NMR and the value of the formation constant was calculated
Yang, Jing. "Phosphonium ionic liquids : Versatile nanostructuration and interfacial agents for poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI072/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with an understanding of the versatile roles of phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) as nanostructuration and interfacial agents for the fluorinated polymer matrix, i.e.,poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)). In this context, two phosphonium ILs with different functionalities in steric hindrance and extra dipolar groups are firstly incorporated in P(VDF-CTFE) matrix to prepare polymer films. The crystalline phase structure, dispersion morphology and crystallization behavior are finely characterized with the goal of providing a full and deep understanding of the versatile and tunable nanostructuration effect of phosphonium ILs. Subsequently, in order to elucidate the mechanism of interfacial influence of IL, a fluorinated phosphonium IL with a cation structure combining three phenyls and a short fluorinated chain is added on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), making them as functional nanofillers to be incorporated into P(VDF-CTFE) matrix. Thus,P(VDF-CTFE)/graphene composite films with different filler contents are prepared in order to investigate the mechanism of interfacial interaction and its influence on the composite films, such as crystalline phase structure, crystallization behavior, chain segmental relaxation behavior, dispersion morphology and the final dielectric properties
Brunel, Frédéric. "Synthèse, conception et élaboration de nouveaux systèmes dérivés de liquides ioniques antibactériens à base de phosphonium." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4087.
Full textA recent WHO report warns the health authorities about the emergence of new bacterial resistances and the development of multi-resistant strains against current antibiotics treatments. The growth of those resistances is due to several factors. The hospital environment concentrates a significant use of antibiotics and disinfectant representing a favorable ground for bacterial resistance development. Among them the Staphylococcus aureus and its methicillin resistant strain (MRSA) represent a crucial issue in care environments and is a major cause of hospital acquired infections. In this context, it is essential to develop new antibacterial agents to fight against these bacteria. Ionic liquid are low melting point salts, they show significant antibacterial properties. However, the fact that the mechanisms of action of their bactericidal effect have not been established yet constitutes a major obstacle to their development as bactericidal agents. Thus, we propose to synthetize ammonium- and phosphonium-based di-cationic ionic liquids in order to study the different structural factors that govern their antibacterial activity. Then we will develop phosphonium based ionic liquids functionalized with a fluorescent probe. By taking advantage of their spectroscopic properties we will try to observe their interactions with bacterial cells. Finally, we propose to use the phosphonium salts as surface functionalization agents in order to design surfaces with intrinsic antibacterial properties. To do so, we will use innovative methods such as conception of self-assembled monolayers or electropolymerization technics
Kwamou, Kouayep Bertrand Mirador. "Synthèse et caractérisation électrochimique de liquides ioniques à base de phosphonium pour les applications aux batteries au lithium." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5884.
Full textAzizi, Dariush. "Phosphonium/ammonium-based ionic liquids for rare earth minerals beneficiation : case of monazite and bastnäsite." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29992.
Full textCette thèse de doctorat porte sur l'application des liquides ioniques à base de phosphonium et d'ammonium pour l'enrichissement des minéraux à base d'éléments de terres rares. Le manuscrit de thèse a été divisé en quatre parties principales. Tout d'abord, l'utilisation des liquides ioniques à base de phosphonium et d'ammonium a été explorée dans trois procédés différents pour la valorisation des minéraux de terres rares. Ces trois approches ont été examinées pour des minéraux à base d’éléments de terres rares contenus dans un minerai complexe en provenance du gisement Niobec au Québec ainsi que des minéraux modèles de monazite et de bastnäsite associés à la gangue du minerai Niobec. Par la suite, l'application de ces liquides ioniques à l'extraction par solvant des éléments des terres rares a été étudiée par simulation à l’aide d’outil de chimie quantique. Dans le premier cas de valorisation des minéraux de terres rares, l'application d'un liquide ionique à base de phosphonium /ammonium comme collecteur aqueux pour la flottation par moussage de minéraux des terres rares a été étudiée. Dans cette étude, le liquide ionique a été identifié pour posséder des performances supérieures à celles offertes par les collecteurs classiques utilisés en industrie comme les collecteurs dérivés de l'acide hydroxamique industriel. Les interactions anioniques et cationiques du liquide ionique durant la flottation des minéraux d’éléments de terres rares ont été scrutées en détail pour révéler qu’une voie de synergie interne explique en partie les résultats de la flottation en terme de chimisorption de la partie anionique et de la physisorption et de la partie cationique du liquide ionique. Dans le deuxième cas d'enrichissement des minéraux de terres rares, le potentiel de la séparation minérale liquide (aqueuse)-liquide (organique) au moyen de trois types de liquides ioniques à base de phosphonium /ammonium a été étudié. Cette approche s'est avérée supérieure à la micro-flottation conventionnelle appliquée aux mêmes minéraux en termes de sélectivité. De même, il a été démontré que ce procédé peut être appliqué avec efficacité sur une large gamme de pH (4-9) et pour des particules finement broyées (- 105 μm) pour fins de valorisation des minéraux de terres rares. Il a été révélé que l'interaction du liquide ionique sur les surfaces minérales se produisait en phase aqueuse, en phase aqueuse-organique et également en phase organique favorisant ainsi l'activation des minéraux et la séparation subséquente. Dans le troisième cas d'enrichissement des minéraux de terres rares, le potentiel de séparation dans un mélange de deux liquides ioniques immiscibles a enfin été exploré. Un liquide ionique à base de phosphonium / ammonium comme phase dispersées sous forme de gouttelettes et trois liquides ioniques différents faisaint office de phase continue ont été utilisés pour évaluer cette nouvelle approche d'enrichissement des minéraux d’éléments de terres rares. Ce processus s’est avéré très prometteur en tant qu'alternative d'enrichissement des minéraux à base d’éléments de terres rares comparativment aux deux approches précédentes en termes de sélectivité et de récupération des éléments de terres rares. Enfin dans la dernière partie de la thèse, des simulations de type chimie quantique basée sur la théorie de la densité fonctionnelle (DFT) ont été mises en oeuvre pour proposer une méthode de classification reposant sur la stabilité de la formation de complexes à partir de trente différents liquides ioniques à base de phosphonium aidant à l'extraction par solvant des éléments de terres rares solvatés. Cette étude a d'une part montré que les liquides ioniques choisis peuvent être appliqués plus efficacement pour l'extraction par solvant des éléments de terres rares contenus dans les solutions aqueuses après digestion acide des minéraux par l’acide nitrique ou chlorhydrique plus que lors d’un recours à l'acide sulfurique. Il a ensuite été démontré que les groupements anioniques des liquides ioniques testés sont capables de former directement des liaisons covalentes par complexation avec les éléments des terres rares solvatés. Au contraire, les interactions des groupements cationiques ont été plus faibles se résumant à des interactions de sphère externe par rapport au complexes formés. Ce travail de recherche a permis d’explorer la faisabilité dans l'application des liquides ioniques à base de phosphonium au traitement des minéraux et des métaux de terres rares. Les résultats obtenus durant cette étude pourront contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l’apport des liquides ioniques au secteur des industries des terres rares afin en ayant pour cible l'amélioration de l'efficacité des procédés d'enrichissement des minéraux et d'extraction par solvant des éléments de terres rares dissous.
This Ph.D. thesis examines the application of phosphonium/ammonium based ionic liquids in the beneficiation of rare earth element bearing minerals. It has been divided into four main parts. Firstly, the use of phosphonium/ammonium based ionic liquids in three different approaches for rare earth element minerals beneficiation has been explored. These three processes were examined for actual rare earth elements bearing complex ore from Niobec deposit as well as for its constitutive model minerals consisting of monazite and bastnäsite associated with other gangue minerals. Subsequently, application of phosphonium based ionic liquids in rare earth elements solvent extraction has been studied from quantumchemistry point of view. In the first process in rare earth element minerals beneficiation, application of a phosphonium/ammonium based ionic liquid as an aqueous collector for froth flotation of rare earth element minerals was studied. In this study, the ionic liquid revealed superior performance to recover rare earth elements bearing minerals as compared with industrial hydroxamic acid collectors. The ionic liquid anionic and cationic moieties interactions during rare earth element minerals flotation were rationalized in terms of an inner synergistic pathway, meaning that the uptake of both cationic and anionic moieties through ionic liquid collector adsorption occurred altogether. In the second process in rare earth element minerals beneficiation, the potential of liquid-liquid mineral separation mediated by means of three types of phosphonium/ammonium based ionic liquids to beneficiate rare earth elements bearing minerals was studied. This process was found to outperform micro-flotation of the same minerals in terms of selectivity. Likewise, it was shown that this process can be effectively applied over a wide range of pH (4-9) and for fine particle sizes (-105 μm) in rare earth element minerals beneficiation. Interaction of the ionic liquid on the mineral surfaces occurred in aqueous phase, aqueousorganic phases interface and also in the organic phase thereby promoting minerals activation and next separation. In the third process in rare earth element minerals beneficiation, the potential of ionic liquid-ionic liquid mineral separation process as a novel ionic liquid-based system to beneficiate rare earth elements bearing minerals was investigated. A phosphonium/ammonium based ionic liquid as droplet phase and three different ionic liquids as continuous phase were used to assess this approach of beneficiation of rare earth elements bearing minerals. This process revealed high potential, as an alternative, to beneficiate rare earth elements bearing ore as it even outperformed the two previous processes in terms of selectivity and rare earth elements recovery. In the last part of this thesis, quantum chemistry simulations based on DFT have been undertaken to rank the complex-forming ability of thirty different phosphonium based ionic liquids in solvent extraction of rare earth elements. This study firstly indicated that phosphonium based ionic liquids can be applied more effectively for solvent extraction of rare earth elements in pregnant solutions resulting from nitric and hydrochloride acids leaching process, and less by means of sulfuric acid leaching. It was also demonstrated that while anionic moieties of phosphonium based ionic liquids are able to make directly covalent bonds during complexation with rare earth elements, their cationic moieties can be involved in complexation through outer-sphere interactions. The implications of this research work include new insights towards application of phosphonium based ionic liquids into mineral and metal processing especially rare earth elements processing. Finding from this work can contribute to the rare earth industry in order to improve efficiency of mineral beneficiation and solvent extraction processes.
Diallo, Alpha Oumar. "Contribution à la caractérisation des profils de dangers physico-chimiques des liquides ioniques." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2124/document.
Full textIonic liquids are advanced chemicals promised according to many people to a brilliant future in a number of strategic applications that might serve greener future in chemistry and energy related technological developments. However, lack of appropriate thermodynamic data as well as some what misleading discourse advocating on high thermal stability and absence ofany intrinsic hazard as absolute trends of these chemicals have led to initiate this thesis workwith the objective to develop a dedicated and pertinent methodology aiming at characterizing the comprehensive physico-chemical hazards profile of such chemical.Indeed, given the huge potential number of ionic liquids, a better strategy consists in exploring real world properties of these materials, not neglecting potential physico-chemical hazards,including the fire hazards, as to contribute to their green use. For that purpose, experimental tools have been implemented and used; obtained results so far confirm that the physico-chemical hazards potential must be assessed on a case by case approach. Finally, perspectives regarding future work with regard to better knowledge and assessmentof ionic liquids physico-chemical related issues are given with the aim of serving sustainable design and use of ionic liquids
Filippi, Alexandra. "Métathèse : nouveaux développements pour le flux continu et en chimie du phosphore." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2006.
Full textThe first part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of new catalytic materials, so-called BioSILP for olefin metathesis. In these catalytic materials, an ionic liquid phase containing an ionically tagged metathesis catalyst (HG-II type) is immobilized on a bio-polymer support, alginate. The catalytic efficiency and the recycling ability of these supported catalytic materials (Bio-Ru-SILP) were evaluated for metathesis reactions to define the scope and limitations of this novel immobilization strategy. The second part of this work is dedicated to the development of a new synthetic route towards quaternary phosphonium salts, using as a key step for their synthesis, the olefin metathesis reaction of arylalkenylphosphonium salts. Various olefinic partners were studied. Excellent conversions could be obtained, however purification of the products is troublesome. Using Michael acceptors as olefinic partners afforded a new route to the synthesis of a wide variety of original phosphonium salts, by a unexplored catalytic reaction process: the tandem hydrophosphination/metathesis reaction