Journal articles: 'Liquirizia'

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Zhou, Peng, An-lu Shen, Pei-pei Liu, Shu-shu Wang, and Liang Wang. "Molecular docking and in vivo studies of liquiritin against acute myocardial infarction via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling." Italian Journal of Food Science 34, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v34i2.2188.

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Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is an essential herb in Chinese medicine, as well as a common ingredient in health foods and natural sweeteners. Liquiritin, the primary constituent of licorice, possesses a wide range of pharmacological and biological properties. This research aims to study the protective mechanism of liquiritin in the myocardium. The potential therapeutic efficacy of liquiritin against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was tested using molecular docking and verified using an AMI rat model caused by the ligation of the LAD coronary artery. Molecular docking between liquiritin and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) was predicted using SystemsDock. Then, for experimental validation, in vivo studies were employed. Rats with the AMI model established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery were divided into four groups—sham group, model group, captopril group, and liquiritin group. LVSP, LVEDP, +dp/dtmax, and -dp/ dtmax were detected and analyzed. HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes. The protein expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and nuclear factorκB p65 (NF-κB p65) were detected by Western blotting. Molecular docking showed that liquiritin may act on the TLR4 and MyD88, and, therefore, liquiritin was pre-dicted to exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Liquiritin improved LVSP, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, and LVEDP levels, and alleviated pathological changes and cardiac fibrosis. Further study found that liquiritin could decrease the overexpression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, which validated the molecular docking study. Hence, liquiritin ameliorates AMI by reducing inflammation, and blocking TLR4/ MyD88/NF-κB signaling. These results indicate that liquiritin as a potential compound could alleviate AMI and broaden its application.

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Liu, Chang, Dai Yuan, Chi Zhang, Ye Tao, Ying Meng, Mengli Jin, Wu Song, Bingmei Wang, and Lin Wei. "Liquiritin Alleviates Depression-Like Behavior in CUMS Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Hippocampus." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (January 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7558825.

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Objective. Central inflammation is generally accepted to be involved in the pathology of depression. We investigated whether liquiritin exerts antidepressant effects by inhibiting central NLRP3 inflammasomes. Results. The behavioral despair model and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in mice were established to evaluate the antidepressant action of liquiritin. In the despair model study, liquiritin (40 mg/kg) administration reduced immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) without affecting locomotion activity. In CUMS model study, liquiritin (40 mg/kg, once daily for 4 weeks) significantly increased sucrose consumption and body weight of CUMS mice. The behavioral experiment results showed that liquiritin reduced the immobile time of CUMS mice in TST and FST, respectively, and increased the time spent and open arm entries in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. Further, the hippocampal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in liquiritin-treated group, while malonaldehyde (MDA) decreased. Additionally, the hippocampal cytokines interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) contents were reduced in the liquiritin-treated group. Further, liquiritin downregulated the expression of NLRP3 in the hippocampus of CUMS mice rather than TLR4. Besides, NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins caspase-1 and ASC were also downregulated. However, liquiritin did not alter the thermal stability of NLRP3 in the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), suggesting that its inhibition of NLPR3 was not by direct targeting of NLRP3 protein. Conclusions. Liquiritin attenuates depression-like behavior of CUMS mice and inhibited cytokines levels triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting the antidepressant action is, at least partially, associated with antioxidant stress and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

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Liao, Liangying, and Zhanwei Zhang. "Liquiritin Relieves Oxygen-Glucose Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Injury via Inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 32, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43450-022-00233-1.

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AbstractIn traditional Chinese medicine, liquiritin, an active component of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Fabaceae, has several pharmacological effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to explore the protective functions and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of liquiritin on nerve injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with varying concentrations of liquiritin for different periods of time, and 3-(45)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-35-di-phenytetrazoliumromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were employed to determine the levels of cell viability and damage. Subsequently, cells were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation to establish an ischemia/reperfusion injury model. The results revealed that liquiritin protected SH-SY5Y cells from oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced damage by improving viability and reducing apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Liquiritin inhibited activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In addition, treatment with a p38MAPK-specific agonist reversed the protective effects of liquiritin. Graphical abstract

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Cong, Jing Xiang, Shao Yan Wang, and Hong Gao. "Separation of Liquiritin by Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1232.

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Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) is an important technology for the separation and analysis of complex samples. Liquiritin, an important active component in licorice, was chosen as the target compound and it was separated by three kinds of off-line 2DLC, i.e. size exclusion chromatography × reversed phase chromatography, normal phase × reversed phase chromatography and reversed phase chromatography × reversed phase chromatography (SEC×RP, NP×RP and RP×RP). The chromatographic conditions were selected and the 2D systems were combined. The results show that it is feasible to separate Liquiritin from licorice extract using 2DLC. Among the 2D modes mentioned above, the highest purity of Liquiritin was obtained in the RP×RP mode, and the concentration of Liquiritin was increased most significantly in the NP×RP mode.

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Han, You Jin, Bitna Kang, Eun-Ju Yang, Min-Koo Choi, and Im-Sook Song. "Simultaneous Determination and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Glycyrrhizin, Isoliquiritigenin, Liquiritigenin, and Liquiritin in Rat Plasma Following Oral Administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix Extract." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091816.

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Glycyrrhizae Radix is widely used as herbal medicine and is effective against inflammation, various cancers, and digestive disorders. We aimed to develop a sensitive and simultaneous analytical method for detecting glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin, the four marker components of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract (GRE), in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to apply this analytical method to pharmacokinetic studies. Retention times for glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin were 7.8 min, 4.1 min, 3.1 min, and 2.0 min, respectively, suggesting that the four analytes were well separated without any interfering peaks around the peak elution time. The lower limit of quantitation was 2 ng/mL for glycyrrhizin and 0.2 ng/mL for isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin; the inter- and intra-day accuracy, precision, and stability were less than 15%. Plasma concentrations of glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin were quantified for 24 h after a single oral administration of 1 g/kg GRE to four rats. Among the four components, plasma concentration of glycyrrhizin was the highest and exhibited a long half-life (23.1 ± 15.5 h). Interestingly, plasma concentrations of isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin were restored to the initial concentration at 4–10 h after the GRE administration, as evidenced by liquiritin biotransformation into isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin, catalyzed by fecal lysate and gut wall enzymes. In conclusion, our analytical method developed for detecting glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin could be successfully applied to investigate their pharmacokinetic properties in rats and would be useful for conducting further studies on the efficacy, toxicity, and biopharmaceutics of GREs and their marker components.

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Amer, Mohamed, and Mohamed Metwalli. "Topical liquiritin improves melasma." International Journal of Dermatology 39, no. 4 (April 2000): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00943.x.

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Guan, Yong-Ge, Jin-Bin Liao, Kun-Yin Li, Yu-Cui Li, Yang Song, Jing Ling, and Zi-Ren Su. "Potential Mechanisms of an Antiadenomyosis Chinese Herbal Formula Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction in Primary Cell Culture Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/982913.

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Background. Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction (SGD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely used to treat adenomyosis, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, and inflammation in Asia. However, the mechanism underlying the effectiveness of SGD in the treatment of adenomyosis still remains elusive. The present study aimed to investigate the bioactivity of SGD and its underlying molecular mechanisms using cultured human adenomyosis-derived cells.Methods. Human adenomyosis-derived cells were treated with SGD and its major constituents (paeoniflorin and liquiritin)in vitro. Effects of SGD, paeoniflorin, and liquiritin on cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry analyses. The effects of SGD, paeoniflorin, and liquiritin on the production of PGE2and PGF2αwere assayed using ELISA. ER-αand OTR mRNA expression levels were also evaluated by real-time qRT-PCR.Results. SGD, paeoniflorin, and liquiritin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of human adenomyosis-derived cells in a dose-dependent manner. SGD and paeoniflorin significantly reduced the PGE2and PGF2αproduction. Furthermore, they remarkably decreased the mRNA levels of ER-αand OTR.Conclusions. The results of this study provide possible mechanisms for the bioactivity of SGD for treating adenomyosis and contribute to the ethnopharmacological knowledge about this prescription.

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Wang, Hao, Hu Shan, and Haitao Lü. "Preparative Separation and Purification of Liquiritin and Glycyrrhizic Acid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography." Journal of Chromatographic Science 58, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmaa050.

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Abstract The technique of high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was applied to the preparative isolation and purification of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid from a crude extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch for the first time. Using single factor and orthogonal design experiments, the best extraction conditions were 70% ethanol, 1:25 ratio of solid-to-liquid (w/v) and extracted 1.5 h at 80°C. The contents of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid in the crude extract were 1.3 and 5.3%, respectively. Using the two-phase solvent system of ethyl acetate–methanol–water (5:2:5, v/v), 6.0 mg liquiritin (the purity was 96.7%, and the recovery was 89.3%), and 20.5 mg glycyrrhizic acid (the purity was 98.9%, and the recovery was 77.1%) were obtained from 500 mg crude extraction by HSCCC, respectively. The retention rate of stationary phase was 51.0%. Their structures were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, melting points, ultraviolet radiation, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectra. The scavenging abilities of glycyrrhizic acid to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl free radicals were stronger than those of liquiritin.

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Hennemann, H. H. "Akute Intoxikationserscheinungen durch Succus Liquiritiae." Allgemeine Homöopathische Zeitung 200, no. 07 (April 14, 2007): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-934726.

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10

Wu, Yin-Ping, Xian-Sheng Meng, Yong-Rui Bao, Shuai Wang, and Ting-Guo Kang. "Simultaneous Quantitative Determination of Nine Active Chemical Compositions in Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycyrrhiza by RP-HPLC with Full-Time Five-Wavelength Fusion Method." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 41, no. 01 (January 2013): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x13500158.

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A new, simple, accurate and reliable full-time five-wavelength fusion method for the simultaneous separation and determination of nine active chemical compositions (liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, ononin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, calycosin, isoliquiritigenin, Glycyrrhizic acid monoammonium salt) in traditional Chinese medicine Glycyrrhiza was developed using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a diode-array detector (DAD). The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column with gradient elution using 0.04% methanoic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 and UV detection at 248 nm, 250 nm, 276 nm, 362 nm, 370 nm. The standard curves were linear over the range of 2.1379–12.8272 μg for liquiritin apioside, 3.9299–23.5794 μg for liquiritin, 1.0432–6.2592 μg for isoliquiritin apioside, 0.8764–5.8584 μg for ononin, 1.0701–6.4205 μg for isoliquiritin, 1.3685–8.2111 μg for liquiritigenin, 0.3927–2.3563 μg for calycosin, 0.2498– 1.4986 μg for isoliquiritigenin, 2.0094–12.0564 μg for Glycyrrhizic acid monoammonium salt, respectively (r2 > 0.9997). The recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) varied from 95.09% to 103.54% and 1.09% to 2.36%, respectively. The precision for all the analytes was less than 2.52%. The method indicated good performance in terms of precision, accuracy and linearity. The method enabled the simultaneous determination of nine active chemical compositions for quality control of Glycyrrhiza.

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Nabilla Cahyani, Farmasita, Rachmawati Ardiana, Dewi Uswatun Khasanah, Adinda Sukma Dewi, and Oktavia Rahayu Adianingsih. "Pengembangan dan Optimasi Kapsul Mikrosfer Ekstrak Licorice sebagai Bentuk Sediaan Oral Extended Release Kanker Payudara." Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2021.007.01.10.

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Kanker payudara adalah kanker dengan angka kejadian tertinggi pada wanita. Protein yang terlibat dalam proses metastasis pada kanker adalah high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) dilaporkan memiliki efek farmakologi antikanker dan ekstrak etanol roasted licorice dapat mengurangi viabilitas metastasis sel kanker. Sistem penghantaran mikrosfer merupakan serbuk padat terdiri dari polimer, crosslinked, dan bahan aktif yang dapat memberikan efek terapeutik diperpanjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi kemampuan licorice menghambat protein HMGB1 melalui molecular docking study dan mengetahui konsentrasi crosslinked natrium tripolifosfat yang paling optimal dalam formula kapsul mikrosfer ekstrak licorice. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan uji in silico berupa molecular docking dan uji ADMET, formulasi kapsul mikrosfer ekstrak licorice dengan variasi konsentrasi natrium tripolifosfat 3%, 6%, dan 9%, dan uji evaluasi mutu sediaan meliputi morfologi dan ukuran, sifat alir, penetapan kandungan, organoleptik, kadar air, waktu hancur, dan keseragaman bobot. Data hasil uji evaluasi dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis melalui IBM SPSS 28.0. Hasil yang diperoleh yakni senyawa glycyrrhetic acid, liquiritin apioside, dan liquiritin berpotensi menghambat protein HMGB1, glycyrrhetic acid dan licochalcone A merupakan substrat CYP450 3A4, dan delapan senyawa merupakan substrat P-gp dengan kelas toksisitas rendah. Kemudian tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada hasil uji ketiga formula namun konsentrasi crosslinked natrium tripolifosfat yang paling optimum dapat terlihat melalui uji evaluasi mutu sediaan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah senyawa glycyrrhetic acid, liquiritin apioside, dan liquiritin dalam licorice berpotensi menghambat HMGB1 dan formula mikrosfer yang memenuhi uji evaluasi paling baik adalah formula dengan konsentrasi natrium tripolifosfat 3%.

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Ma, Li, Yangyang Zhao, Xiaoxue Zhang, Tianfeng Liu, Fei Han, and Ran Yin. "Characterization of the global metabolic profile of liquiritin in rat plasma, urine, bile and feces based on UHPLC-FT-ICR MS." RSC Advances 8, no. 11 (2018): 5945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12529a.

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Liao, Mingyan, Yudan Zhao, Lizi Huang, Biao Cheng, and Kun Huang. "Isoliquiritigenin and liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis inhibit α-synuclein amyloid formation." RSC Advances 6, no. 89 (2016): 86640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17770k.

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Kumar, Neeraj, Bikram Singh, and Vijay K. Kaul. "Flavonoids from Rosa Damascena Mill." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 8 (August 2006): 1934578X0600100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600100805.

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A new flavanone glycoside, butin 4′-O-(2″-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), together with liquiritin (2), liquiritin apioside (3), isoliquiritn apioside (4), davidioside (5), quercetin (6), kaempferol (7), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8) and kaempferol 3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside (9) were isolated from the marc of Rosa damascena flowers after industrial distillation of essential oil. This is the first report of the occurrence of compounds 2, 3, 4 and 5 in R. damascena. The structures of the isolated constituents were established on the basis of spectroscopic {UV, IR, 1D, 2D NMR (DEPT, HMQC, HMBC and COSY)}, spectrometric (ESI-QTOF-MS), and chemical evidence.

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Dang, Hanli, Tao Zhang, Zhongke Wang, Guifang Li, Wenqin Zhao, Xinhua Lv, and Li Zhuang. "Differences in the endophytic fungal community and effective ingredients in root of three Glycyrrhiza species in Xinjiang, China." PeerJ 9 (March 9, 2021): e11047. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11047.

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Background Endophytic fungi influence the quality and quantity of the medicinal plant’s bioactive compounds through specific fungus-host interactions. Nevertheless, due to the paucity of information, the composition of endophytic fungal communities and the mechanism by which effective ingredients regulate endophytic fungal communities in roots remains unclear. Methods In this study, we collected root and soil samples (depth range: 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) of three Glycyrrhiza species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata, and Glycyrrhiza glabra). Glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin content were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and total flavonoid content was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to explore the composition and diversity of the endophytic fungal community in different root segments of three Glycyrrhiza species. Furthermore, soil samples were subjected to physicochemical analyses. Results We observed that the liquiritin content was not affected by the root depth (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm). Still, it was significantly affected by the Glycyrrhiza species (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata, Glycyrrhiza glabra) (P < 0.05). In Glycyrrhiza root, a total of eight phyla and 140 genera were annotated so far, out of which Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla, and the Fusarium, Paraphoma, and Helminthosporium genera were found to be significantly dominant. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that liquiritin content was accountable for the differences in the diversity of the endophytic fungal community. Furthermore, distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) showed that physicochemical properties of the soil (available potassium and ammonium nitrogen) and the root factors (liquiritin and water content) were the main contributing factors for the variations in the overall structure of the endophytic fungal community. Our results showed that the effective ingredients of Glycyrrhiza root and physicochemical properties of the soil regulated the endophytic fungal community composition and medicinal licorice diversity.

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Seo, Chang-Seob, and Mee-Young Lee. "Simultaneous Quantification of Eight Marker Components in Traditional Herbal Formula, Haepyoyijin-Tang Using HPLC–PDA." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 3888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113888.

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Haepyoyijin-tang (HPYJT) is a traditional herbal prescription that is composed of 12 medicinal herbs. Although HPYJT is frequently used in patients with asthma in Korea, no quality assessment protocols have been developed. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry on the eight main components (mulberroside A, amygalin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, narirutin, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, and glycyrrhizinic acid) to establish a quality control protocol for HPYJT. The simultaneous analysis method developed was satisfactorily validated with respect to linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, and precision. This analytical method thus provides an efficient approach for the evaluation of HPYJT quality.

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Wang, Xiaoli, Xiao Liu, Tingting Zhu, and Baochang Cai. "Development and Validation of an UHPLC-QqQ-MS Technique for Simultaneous Determination of Ten Bioactive Components in Fangji Huangqi Tang." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1435106.

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The aim of this study is to develop an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography method coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of tetrandrine, fangchinoline, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide III, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin in Fangji Huangqi Tang (FHT). The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-C18column, eluted with a mixture of 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile at 0.4 mL/min. The separation of these ten compounds was achieved by linear gradient elution. The method was strictly validated with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, and repeatability. All the compounds showed good linearities (r≥0.999). The LOQs of the ten components were 0.36, 0.18, 0.09, 0.43, 0.02, 1.89, 0.26, 0.18, 0.61, and 0.48 ng/mL for tetrandrine, fangchinoline, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide III, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin, respectively. The LODs of the ten components were 0.11, 0.05, 0.03, 0.13, 0.01, 0.57, 0.08, 0.05, 0.18, and 0.14 ng/mL for tetrandrine, fangchinoline, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide III, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin, respectively. The method was proven to be specific and reliable, which would provide a meaningful basis for the quality control and evaluation of FHT during its clinical application.

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Kim, Su Ji, Soon Sik Kwon, Eun Ryeong Yu, and Soo Nam Park. "Development of Porous Cellulose Hydrogel for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Liquiritin and Liquiritigenin as Licorice Flavonoids." Polymer Korea 38, no. 5 (September 25, 2014): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2014.38.5.676.

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Tian, Minglei, Hongyuan Yan, and Kyung Ho Row. "Extraction and Analysis of Liquiritin from Licorice." Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies 32, no. 7 (March 9, 2009): 964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826070902790769.

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Vanzara, Akash. "Liquiritin from Glycirrhyza Glabra L (Fabaceae) - A Natural Drug, as a Potent Inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45792.

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Abstract: Novel Corona virus-2 (Covid-19) is spreading and causing major damage around the globe and constantly increasing daily. There is a prerequisite for expeditious development of safe and efficient drugs for such a contagious disease. In this regard, the utilization of a computational approach with an aim to provide potent enzyme inhibitors derived from natural resources will give a providential therapy. The present study investigated one of the promising plants namely Glycyrrhiza glabra L. It has various medicinal properties viz. anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-demulcent, expectorant, etc. In-Silico Analysis of liquiritin against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was carried out using Autodock 4.2.6 and results were compared with presently prescribed drugs i.e. dexamethasone, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin. The binding energy of liquiritin was found to be - 6.62 kcal/mol. It shows the presence of hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, and electrostatic interaction with six active residues THR26, GLY143, CYS145, HIS 164, GLU166, and GLN189. Comparative studies investigated that dexamethasone, remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin have four (THR26, GLY143, CYS145, GLU166), three (CYS145, GLU166, GLN189), four (GLY143, CYS145, HIS 164, GLN189), and two (GLU166, GLN189) identical active residues, respectively. The present study recommended liquiritin as a potential candidate against SARS-CoV-2 as it is naturally derived and has tremendous traditional usage against various diseases. However, in-vitro and in-vivo studies are required to prove its efficacy.

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Zhang, Xia, Caijuan Liang, Jintuo Yin, Yupeng Sun, and Lantong Zhang. "Identification of metabolites of liquiritin in rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS: metabolic profiling and pathway comparisonin vitroandin vivo." RSC Advances 8, no. 21 (2018): 11813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra13760e.

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Liquiritin (LQ), the main bioactive constituent of licorice, is a common flavoring and sweetening agent in food products and has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antidepressant-like, neuroprotective and anti-cancer properties.

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Liu, HuiNa, and HuiRong Shi. "Chemical structure and immunity activity of Liquiritia glycyrrhiza heteropolysaccharide in animal." Carbohydrate Polymers 86, no. 1 (August 2011): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.04.041.

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Cong, Jing Xiang, Shao Yan Wang, and Hong Gao. "Separation of Liquiritin by Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/scientific5/amr.455-456.1232.

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Cong, Jingxiang, and Bingchang Lin. "Separation of Liquiritin by simulated moving bed chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 1145, no. 1-2 (March 2007): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.088.

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Yin, Yan, Yanpeng Li, Dan Jiang, Xianan Zhang, Wei Gao, and Chunsheng Liu. "De novo biosynthesis of liquiritin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 10, no. 4 (April 2020): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.07.005.

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Yu, Ping, Qian Li, Yanmei Feng, Yuying Chen, Sinan Ma, and Xiaoqin Ding. "Quantitative Analysis of Flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch by 1H-qNMR." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2021 (January 18, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6655572.

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Objective. To establish a method for simultaneous determination of liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritinin glycyrrhizin using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance quantitative technology (1H-qNMR). Methodology. Deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the solvent, and dichloromethane was used as the internal standard. The probe temperature was 298.0 K, the pulse sequence was Zg30, the number of scans was 16, and relaxation delay (D1) was 10 s. Quantitative characteristic signal peaks were δ 4.891∼4.878 ppm, δ 8.187∼8.172 ppm, and δ 6.790∼6.776 ppm for liquiritin, isoliquiritin, and liquiritigenin, respectively. Results. The experimental result showed that the content of flavonoids in Licorice, from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, was the highest. Conclusion. In this study, a new method for determination of three flavonoids in Licorice using 1H-qNMR was established. This experimental method has the advantages of accuracy, efficiency, and economy. It lays a foundation for the study on the determination of flavonoids content in licorice by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

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Seo, Chang-Seob, and Hyeun-Kyoo Shin. "Quantitative Analysis of 18 Marker Components in the Traditional Korean Medicine, Cheongsangbangpung-Tang, Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Photodiode Array Detector." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010014.

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Cheongsangbangpung-tang (CSBPT) is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used in many regions of Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan, for the treatment of purulent inflammation and eczema on the face. In this study, a method for the simultaneous analysis of 18 marker components, geniposide (1), coptisine chloride (2), prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (3), berberine chloride (4), liquiritin apioside (5), liquiritin (6), ferulic acid (7), narirutin (8), 5-O-methylvisammisoide (9), hesperidin (10), arctigenin (11), baicalin (12), oxypeucedanin hydrate (13), wogonoside (14), baicalein (15), arctiin (16), glycyrrhizin (17), and pulegone (18), was developed for quality control of CSBPT. The novel approach, which is based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation coupled with photodiode array detection, was verified by the assessment of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, recovery, and precision. Analysis of CSBPT by using the established assay revealed that compounds 1–18 were present in concentrations of 0.27–18.31 mg/g.

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Bi, Quan, Hua Yao, Fei Wang, Dajun He, Wenbin Xu, Shuangquan Xie, Xifeng Chen, et al. "Integrative analysis of the pharmaceutical active ingredient and transcriptome of the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under salt stress reveals liquiritin accumulation via ABA-mediated signaling." Molecular Genetics and Genomics 297, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00438-021-01847-1.

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AbstractThe aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis supply substantial raw material for the extraction of active pharmaceutical ingredients comprehensively utilized in many industries. Our previous study indicated that salt stress increased the content of active ingredients. However, the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the aerial parts of G. uralensis treated with 150 mM NaCl for 0, 2, 6, and 12 h was performed to identify the key genes and metabolic pathways regulating pharmacological active component accumulation. The main active component detection showed that liquiritin was the major ingredient and exhibited more than a ten-fold significant increase in the 6 h NaCl treatment. Temporal expression analysis of the obtained 4245 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained by RNA-seq revealed two screened profiles that included the significant up-regulated DEGs (UDEGs) at different treatment points. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these UDEGs identified phenylpropanoid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis as the most significantly enriched pathways in 2 h treated materials. Interestingly, the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway that is related to ABA synthesis was also discovered, and the ABA content was significantly promoted after 6 h NaCl treatment. Following ABA stimulation, the content of liquiritin demonstrated a significant and immediate increase after 2 h treatment, with the corresponding consistent expression of genes involved in the pathways of ABA signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis, but not in the pathway of glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis. Our study concludes that salt stress might promote liquiritin accumulation through the ABA-mediated signaling pathway, and provides effective reference for genetic improvement and comprehensive utilization of G. uralensis.

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Seo, Chang-Seob, and Hyeun-Kyoo Shin. "Phytochemical Analysis of Twelve Marker Analytes in Sogunjung-tang Using a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (November 30, 2020): 8561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238561.

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Sogunjung-tang (SGJT) is a traditional herbal prescription that has been used in Korea for the treatment of abdominal pain since ancient times. In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 12 marker analytes (gallic acid (GA), albiflorin (ALB), paeoniflorin (PAE), liquiritin apioside (LIAP), liquiritin (PIQ), benzoic acid (BA), coumarin (COU), liquiritigenin (LIQG), cinnamic acid (CINA), benzoylpaeoniflorin (BPAE), cinnamaldehyde (CINAD), and glycyrrhizinic acid (GLYA)) for quality evaluation of SGJT was developed based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with a photodiode array detector. A Waters SunFire reverse-phased C18 column was used for the chromatographic separation of the 12 marker analytes in SGJT using a two-mobile phases system consisting of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile. The developed analytical method was validated by assessment of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, recovery, and precision. Using the developed and validated HPLC method, the 12 marker analytes were determined to be present in 0.10–32.83 mg/g in SGJT.

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Zhu, Guangwei, Guijun Zhang, Meng Wang, Jingjuan Wang, Weixin Zeng, and Xiaomei Gao. "Simultaneous Determination of Nine Active Compounds of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang and Analysis of the Relationship between Therapeutical Effect and Compatibility of Medicines." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/521038.

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A simple and sensitive HPLC-DAD detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of nine compounds including oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin in the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang (SGT) and we analyze the relationship between therapeutical effect and compatibility of medicines by using an Agilent extend-C18 column at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C and the detection wavelength was set at 230 nm for oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and glycyrrhizic acid; 276 nm for liquiritin and liquiritigenin; 360 nm for isoliquiritin and isoliquiritigenin. The total contents of the nine compounds in SGT varied from 4.65 to 20.06 mg/mL. The results of this study showed that the content of chemical compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription is mainly influenced by the dosage and compatibility of medicines and the therapeutical effect of Traditional Chinese Medicinal prescription is mainly influenced by the dosage and compatibility of medicines. The method could be suitable for quality control of SGT with bioactive multicompounds.

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Wang, Shaoyan, Min Guo, Jingxiang Cong, and Shoujiang Li. "Facile optimization for chromatographic separation of liquiritin and liquiritigenin." Journal of Chromatography A 1282 (March 2013): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.01.075.

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Onrust, H., A. P. Jansen, and B. S. J. Wöstmann. "A polarographic determination of glycyrrhizic acid in succus liquiritiae." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 74, no. 12 (September 2, 2010): 1515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19550741209.

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Zhou, S., W. Kong, J. Cao, A. F. Logrieco, S. Yang, and M. Yang. "Effect of Aspergillus flavus contamination on the inherent quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis." World Mycotoxin Journal 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2013.1622.

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Glycyrrhiza uralensis is a common edible plant of the Chinese Materia Medica (CMM). Such a herb might be naturally contaminated with toxicogenic fungi producing various mycotoxins that can cause serious harm to humans. So far, studies have focused mainly on mycotoxin detection in CMM, but the effect of mycotoxin production on the inherent quality of CMM has not been investigated and elucidated. In the present study, sterilised G. uralensis was inoculated and incubated with Aspergillus flavus for several days to investigate the effect of aflatoxins accumulation on the inherent quality of G. uralensis. Changes in content of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2, and the herb's four bioactive components, i.e. glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin and liquiritigenin, were detected using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence and photodiode array detection, respectively. The results showed that incubation of G. uralensis with A. flavus for 10 days resulted in the accumulation of aflatoxins, especially aflatoxin B1 and B2, and the reduction of the four bioactive components. From the negative correlation between the content of aflatoxins and bioactive components, it can be concluded that fungal contamination does not only result in harmful mycotoxins in CMM, but also influences its inherent quality.

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Alsaadi, Doaa H. M., Aedla Raju, Ken Kusakari, Faruk Karahan, Nazim Sekeroglu, and Takashi Watanabe. "Phytochemical Analysis and Habitat Suitability Mapping of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Collected in the Hatay Region of Turkey." Molecules 25, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 5529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235529.

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The growth and quality of licorice depend on various environmental factors, including the local climate and soil properties; therefore, its cultivation is often unsuccessful. The current study investigated the key factors that affect the contents of bioactive compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root and estimated suitable growth zones from collection sites in the Hatay region of Turkey. The contents of three bioactive compounds (glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, and liquiritin), soil factors (pH, soil bearing capacity, and moisture content), and geographical information (slope, aspect, curvature, elevation, and hillshade) were measured. Meteorological data (temperature and precipitation) were also obtained. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed on the data. The soil bearing capacity, moisture content, slope, aspect, curvature, and elevation of the study area showed statistically significant effects on the glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin contents. A habitat suitability zone map was generated using a GIS-based frequency ratio (FR) model with spatial correlations to the soil, topographical, and meteorological data. The final map categorized the study area into four zones: very high (15.14%), high (31.50%), moderate (40.25%), and low suitability (13.11%). High suitability zones are recommended for further investigation and future cultivation of G. glabra.

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Cong, Jing Xiang, Shao Yan Wang, Xiu Hong Wu, and Ping Yu. "Optimization of Separation Conditions of Liquiritin in Preparative Liquid Chromatography." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1647.

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The aim of this work was to study the separation conditions of Liquiritin (LQ) in preparative liquid chromatography. Based on the inverse method, the adsorption isotherm parameters of LQ and the closely impurities were determined. Then the chromatographic conditions were optimized by combination of orthogonal design experiments and numerical simulation. The optimum injection concentration, injection purity of LQ and injection volume was found as 50 g/L, 45 % and 5 mL, respectively. The parameters of simulated moving bed chromatography were selected and the separation process was analysis. This method can give reference for purifying of low content component from the complex herbs.

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Wang, Shu-shu, Tong-juan Tang, Meng Zhang, Peng Zhou, and Jin-ling Huang. "Study on the plasma protein binding of liquiritin by ultrafiltration." Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 79, no. 2 (June 18, 2022): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/appdr/148426.

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Fujii, Shunsuke, Osamu Morinaga, Takuhiro Uto, Shuichi Nomura, and Yukihiro Shoyama. "Development of Double Eastern Blotting for Major Licorice Components, Glycyrrhizin and Liquiritin for Chemical Quality Control of Licorice Usinganti-Glycyrrhizin andanti-Liquiritin Monoclonal Antibodies." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, no. 5 (January 27, 2016): 1087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04732.

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Seo, Chang-Seob, and Hyeun-Kyoo Shin. "Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Quantification of Eleven Phytochemical Constituents in Traditional Korean Medicine, Sogunjung Decoction." Processes 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010153.

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The Sogunjung decoction (SGJD) is a traditional herbal formula that has been used to treat constipation and improve the constitution of infirm children in Korea. In this study, simultaneous quantification of gallic acid (1), magnoflorine (2), albiflorin (3), paeoniflorin (4), liquiritin apioside (5), liquiritin (6), liquiritigenin (7), coumarin (8), cinnamaldehyde (9), benzoylpaeoniflorin (10), and glycyrrhizin (11) was conducted using fast and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS) multiple-reaction monitoring to develop a quality-control protocol for the SGJD. A Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for the chromatographic separation of the 11 marker compounds in the SGJD using two mobile phases (5 mM ammonium acetate in distilled water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid, and acetonitrile). The MS parameters for a simultaneous analysis were capillary voltage (3.0 kV), source temperature (150 °C), desolvation temperature (500 °C), desolvation gas flow (700 L/h), and cone gas flow (50 L/h). The developed LC–MS method was validated by the evaluation of linearity, limits of detection, limits of quantification, recovery and precision. By using the developed and validated assay, the 11 marker components in the SGJD were detected in amounts of 0.01–51.83 mg/g.

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Zhang, Yulong, Mengyue Wang, Jingyu Yang, and Xiaobo Li. "The Effects of the Honey-Roasting Process on the Pharmacokinetics of the Six Active Compounds of Licorice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (June 21, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5731276.

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A convenient UPLC-MS/MS method was established to determine the contents of six bioactive compounds, namely, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, and glycyrrhetinic acid, in rat plasma and their pharmacokinetics. By comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters of these compounds in rats by orally administering raw and honey-roasting licorice, the Cmax of isoliquiritin showed a significant decrease, while the AUC0-24h showed no significant differences. The Cmax and AUC0-24h of isoliquiritigenin were increased by 49.3% and 42.7% over those of the raw licorice group, respectively. These results indicate that the absorption of isoliquiritin in rats was reduced while the absorption of isoliquiritigenin was promoted in the honey-roasting process. These results may provide one explanation as to why licorice is more able to relieve cough, while honey-roasting licorice is better at invigorating qi and restoring pulse. Furthermore, the Cmax of glycyrrhetinic acid was increased, suggesting that it may enhance the tonic effect of licorice. Additionally, the amount of honey added in the honey-roasting process influenced the pharmacokinetic parameters of the six compounds whose absorption decreased when the 50% honey-roasting licorice water decoction was administered. These results provide an experimental basis for studying the influence of licorice processing on bioactive compound pharmacokinetics.

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Ying, Zheming, Guoyuan Sui, Lianqun Jia, and Guanlin Yang. "Simultaneous Determination of Three Compounds in Rat Plasma by UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and Its Application to Pharmacokinetics of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2023 (January 14, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5119997.

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A rapid and highly selective and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) method was applied to simultaneously determine ephedrine, gastrodin, and liquiritin in rat plasma. The three analytes and vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside (I.S.) were analyzed on a Waters Acquity UPLC C18 column (1.7 μm, 2.1 mm × 100 mm) at 30°C with gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) after one-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The detection was performed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive and negative ion modes. The product ions m/z 166.1⟶148.1, 285.1⟶123.1, 417.1⟶255.1, and 579.0⟶433.1 were used for determination of ephedrine, gastrodin, liquiritin, and I.S., respectively. The calibration curves of the three analytes were linear with r2 greater than 0.994. The intra and interday precision RSD% was less than 11.5 and 13.4. The intra and interday precision RE% was between −10.4% and 9.33%. The average extraction recoveries of the three analytes were no less than 86.88 ± 1.08%. The developed and validated method was for the first time applied to the pharmacokinetics of three compounds in rat plasma after intragastric administration of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang.

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Seo, Chang-Seob, and Hyeun-Kyoo Shin. "SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF THE BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF AN EXTRACT OF YEONGGYECHULGAM-TANG, A TRADITIONAL HERBAL PRESCRIPTION, USING HPLC–DAD." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative medicines 15, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajtcamv15i2.11.

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Background: Yeonggyechulgam-tang (YGCGT) is a well-known classic herbal formula and has been used clinically in Korea for the treatment of chest congestion. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method coupled with diode-array detection (DAD) was performed for the simultaneous analysis of eight bioactive components, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, coumarin, liquiritigenin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, glycyrrhizin, and atractylenolide III in a YGCGT decoction. Materials and Methods: For simultaneous analysis using HPLC, the eight components were separated using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (250 mm  4.6 mm; particle size 5 m) eluted with a gradient of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile at 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature and injection volume were 40C and 10 L. Results: Correlation coefficients of the eight compounds ranged between 0.9996 and 1.0000. The lower limits of detection and quantification of the analytes were 0.01–0.09 and 0.02–0.28 g/mL, respectively. Recovery of the eight compounds was 97.63–102.70% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 3.00%. The RSDs of intra and interday precision were 0.06–2.07% and 0.02–1.95%, respectively. The amounts of the eight compounds in a lyophilized YGCGT were in the range 0.18 to 10.34 mg/g. Conclusion: The optimized and validated HPLC analytical method used in the present study is expected to be useful for evaluation the quality of YGCGT decoctions or related herbal prescriptions.

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Jung, Dong Ho, Joo Tae Hwang, Bo-Jeong Pyun, Song Yi Yu, and Byoung Seob Ko. "Assessment of the Aromatase Inhibitory Activity of Ma-Huang-Tang (MHT) and Its Active Compounds." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (December 18, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4809846.

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Aromatase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme that converts androgens into estrogens, is an important drug target for hormone-dependent diseases. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the aromatase inhibitory effects of Ma-Huang-Tang (MHT), a traditional Korean herbal medicine prescription, and to identify its active ingredients. In this study, the inhibitory effect of MHT on aromatase activity was observed using dibenzylfluorescein (DBF) and KGN cells, and the dose-dependent effect of MHT was verified (IC50 values of 251 μg/mL and 246 μg/mL as determined by the two methods, respectively). Furthermore, among the six herbal medicines that constitute MHT, Ephedrae Herba, Cinnamomi Ramulus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma showed the most potent inhibition of aromatase activity. Furthermore, upon identification of the active MHT compounds, three markers from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, liquiritin (5), liquiritin apioside (6), and liquiritigenin (7), were verified (IC50 values of 530 μM, 508 μM, and 1.611 mM and 499 μM, 522 μM, and 1.41 mM as determined by the two methods, respectively). In addition, their contents were confirmed to be 15.58, 19.80, and 2.22 mg/g, respectively, by HPLC/DAD analysis. These results indicate that the aromatase inhibitory effect of MHT results from the synergistic action of its active components and that MHT has potential as a preventive agent against aromatase activity.

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Yu, Meng, Wei Xie, Xin Zhang, Shubin Zhang, Youshan Wang, Zhipeng Hao, and Baodong Chen. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Can Compensate for the Loss of Indigenous Microbial Communities to Support the Growth of Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)." Plants 9, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010007.

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Soil microorganisms play important roles in nutrient mobilization and uptake of mineral nutrition in plants. Agricultural management, such as soil sterilization, can have adverse effects on plant growth because of the elimination of indigenous microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the most important beneficial soil microorganisms for plant growth. However, whether AM fungi can compensate for the loss of indigenous microbial communities to support plant growth and metabolism is largely unknown. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of AM fungi on plant growth and secondary metabolism in sterilized and unsterilized soil. We used liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), an important medicinal plant as the host, which was inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis or not and grown in unsterilized or sterilized soil. Plant photosynthesis traits, plant growth and nutrition level, concentrations of the secondary metabolites, and expression levels of biosynthesis genes were determined. The results showed that soil sterilization decreased plant growth, photosynthesis, and glycyrrhizin and liquiritin accumulation, and moreover, downregulated the expression of related biosynthesis genes. Inoculation with R. irregularis in sterilized soil offset the loss of indigenous microbial communities, resulting in plant growth and glycyrrhizin and liquiritin concentrations similar to those of plants grown in unsterilized soil. Thus, AM fungi could compensate for the loss of indigenous microbial communities by soil sterilization to support plant growth and secondary metabolism.

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Wu, Jing, Fei Xiang Huang, Jing Wang, Chang Cheng Shi, and Guo Ying Fang. "Protective effect of liquiritin on corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17, no. 10 (March 18, 2019): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v17i10.17.

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Thu, Vu Thi, Ngo Thi Hai Yen, and Nguyen Thi Ha Ly. "Liquiritin from Radix Glycyrrhizae Protects Cardiac Mitochondria from Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Damage." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2021 (August 6, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1857464.

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Aims. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of liquiritin (LIQ) from Radix Glycyrrhizae on cardiac mitochondria against hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury. Methods. H9C2 cells were subject to the HR model. LIQ purified from Radix Glycyrrhizae (purity > 95%) was administrated to reoxygenation period. Cell viability, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial Ca2⁺ level were then assessed by using Cell Counting kit-8 and suitable fluorescence probe kits. Results. LIQ administration remarkably reduced the rate of HR damage via increasing H9C2 cell viability level and preserving mitochondria after HR. Particularly, 60 μM of LIQ posthypoxic treatment markedly reduced cell death in HR-subjected H9C2 cell groups ( p < 0.05 ). Interestingly, posthypoxic treatment of LIQ significantly prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the decrease in mitochondrial mass, the increase in reactive oxygen species production, and the elevation of mitochondrial Ca2⁺ level in HR-treated H9C2 cells. Conclusion. The present study provides for the first time the cardioprotective of LIQ posthypoxic treatment via reducing H9C2 cell death and protecting cardiac mitochondria against HR damage.

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Wei, Wan, Xiuping Gao, Lei Zhao, Jianguo Zhuang, Yang Jiao, and Fadi Xu. "Liquiritin apioside attenuates laryngeal chemoreflex but not mechanoreflex in rat pups." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 318, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): L89—L97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00306.2019.

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Liquiritin apioside (LA), a main flavonoid component of licorice, reportedly suppresses cough responses to inhalation of aerosolized capsaicin [CAP; a stimulant to transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)] in conscious guinea pigs via acting on peripheral nerves. However, the evidence of LA having a direct effect on airway sensory fibers is lacking. Considering the important role laryngeal chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors play in triggering apnea and cough, we studied whether LA suppressed the apneic responses to stimulation of these receptors via directly acting on the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). Intralaryngeal delivery of chemical [CAP, HCl, and distilled water (DW)] and mechanical [an air-pulse (AP)] stimulations was applied in anesthetized rat pups to evoke the apnea. These stimuli were repeated after intralaryngeal LA treatment or peri-SLN LA treatment to determine the direct effect of LA on the SLN. Our results showed that all stimuli triggered an immediate apnea. Intralaryngeal LA treatment significantly attenuated the apneic response to chemical but not mechanical stimulations. The same attenuation was observed after peri-SLN LA treatment. Owing that TRPV1 receptors of laryngeal C fibers are responsible for the CAP-triggered apneas, the LA impact on the activity of laryngeal C neurons retrogradely traced by DiI was subsequently studied using a patch-clamp approach. LA pretreatment significantly altered the electrophysiological kinetics of CAP-induced currents in laryngeal C neurons by reducing their amplitudes, increasing the rise times, and prolonging the decay times. In conclusion, our results, for the first time, reveal that LA suppresses the laryngeal chemoreceptor-mediated apnea by directly acting on the SLN (TRPV1 receptors of laryngeal C fibers).

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Yan, Zhi-Qiang, Jing Tan, Kai Guo, and Lun-Guang Yao. "Phytotoxic mechanism of allelochemical liquiritin on root growth of lettuce seedlings." Plant Signaling & Behavior 15, no. 10 (July 21, 2020): 1795581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2020.1795581.

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Im, Na Ri, Hae Soo Kim, Ji Won Lim, Kyeong Jin Kim, Geun Young Noh, and Soo Nam Park. "Characterization and Transdermal Delivery of Ethosomes Loaded with Liquiritigenin and Liquiritin." Applied Chemistry for Engineering 26, no. 5 (October 10, 2015): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14478/ace.2015.1072.

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Lan, Xin‐Yi, Hui Yu, Qiu‐Jing Chen, Shuo Zhai, Chun‐Feng Zhang, Fei Li, Chong‐Zhi Wang, and Chun‐Su Yuan. "Effect of liquiritin on neuroendocrine‐immune network in menopausal rat model." Phytotherapy Research 34, no. 10 (April 12, 2020): 2665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6696.

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Zhang, Wei, Shu Jiang, Dawei Qian, Er-xin Shang, and Jin-ao Duan. "Effect of liquiritin on human intestinal bacteria growth: metabolism and modulation." Biomedical Chromatography 28, no. 9 (February 26, 2014): 1271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.3160.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquirizia'

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