Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'List Latein'

Sabor Criollo S.A es una compañía que se dedica principalmente a la producción y comercialización de platos criollos congelados, la cual busca expandir y ofrecer a las poblaciones emigrantes en los países latinoamericanos, garantizando excelente calidad, cumpliendo las normas de salubridad y exportación del producto. Para alcanzar estos propósitos se cuenta con una infraestructura técnica y administrativa de calidad, con un grupo humano comprometido y dispuesto a brindar sus mejores esfuerzos en un marco de excelencia y competitividad. Bajo la marca 5cina ofrece tres variedades: (a) arroz con pollo, (b) seco de res con frijoles y (c) fetuccini al pesto con apanado. El mercado objetivo son los emigrantes peruanos que se han establecido en el área metropolitana de Santiago de Chile, específicamente para personas entre 15 y 44 de años. Se inició la investigación considerando dos posibles destinos, Chile y Colombia, los cuales fueron analizados. Además se evalúo la mejor forma de comercialización, desarrollando un plan de marketing, un plan de operaciones y uno de personal. Finalmente, se llegó a desarrollar una evaluación financiera, donde se determinó que se requiere una inversión inicial de US$ 351,629, con un costo de capital promedio ponderado (CCPP o WACC) igual a 10.07% para generar una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 23.45%, lo que lleva a definir que conviene realizar el proyecto.

This document focuses on a major nineteenth century choral composition written for Roman Catholic worship, Franz Liszt's Via Crucis. Analysis of this composition suggests that in it the composer mixes styles described in an early 1835 article in Gazette musicale de Paris with Lutheran chorales and ways of composition characteristic of his late period.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This work aims to analyze the interpretations about Evo Morales' government in Bolivia. For such, it proposes a theoretical reclaim of Marxism in Latin America, as well as of Bolivian political history since the 1952 Revolution, going through the crisis in Pacted Democracy intensified in the five-year conjuncture of struggles started in 2000 up to the election and reelection of Morales. It departs from an empirical prior conjecture taken from a qualitative analysis and a broad literature review to analyze the different interpretations of the Bolivian political process from Marxist theoretical matrices. After this historical recovery and this reading of contemporary Bolivia, it concludes with a consideration about the formation of a possible new block of power in the country, with the retaking of nationalism and Indianism as revolutionary reasons
Este trabalho tem como foco a an?lise das interpreta??es do governo de Evo Morales, na Bol?via. Para tanto, prop?e uma retomada te?rica do marxismo na Am?rica Latina, bem como da hist?ria pol?tica boliviana desde a revolu??o de 1952, passando pela crise da democracia pactuada intensificada no quinqu?nio de lutas iniciado no ano 2000 at? a elei??o e reelei??o de Morales. Partimos, ent?o, de um pressuposto emp?rico a partir de um exame qualitativo e de uma ampla revis?o bibliogr?fica para analisar as diferentes interpreta??es do processo pol?tico boliviano por matrizes te?ricas de origem marxista. Feito esse resgate hist?rico e esta leitura da Bol?via contempor?nea, conclu?mos problematizando sobre a poss?vel forma??o de um novo bloco no poder no pa?s, com a retomada do nacionalismo e do indigenismo como raz?es revolucion?rias

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The aim of this work is to verify and analyze the driver of environmental impact in Latin America and OECD countries member for the period 2000-2008 .To this end, we used the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population , Affluence and Technology ( STIRPAT ) model widely used in the literature , which presupposes that the population, affluence and technology are the main drivers of environmental impact . This model allows the use of statistical methods and the inclusion of other explanatory variables to the model . Were used panel data with fixed effects method for the study . Four models , where the measure used was the environmental impact ecological footprint analysis for Latin America and OECD , and CO2 emissions , also for Latin America and OECD were estimated . The estimation results corroborate in some respects with the current literature, demonstrating that population and income are the most important variables to explain the environmental impacts, whether for developed countries, represented here by the OECD, is for developing countries, as in case of Latin American countries. The innovation of labor is associated with concomitant use of this model for analysis of OECD countries and Latin America.
O objetivo do presente trabalho ? verificar e analisar os indutores de impacto ambiental nos pa?ses da Am?rica Latina e nos pa?ses membros da Organiza??o para a Coopera??o e Desenvolvimento Econ?mico (OCDE) para o per?odo de 2000 a 2008. Para tal, foi utilizado o Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT), modelo amplamente utilizado na literatura, que tem como pressuposto que a popula??o, a aflu?ncia e a tecnologia s?o os principais indutores de impacto no meio ambiente. Este modelo permite a utiliza??o de m?todos estat?sticos e a inser??o de outras vari?veis explicativas ao modelo. Para o estudo foram utilizados dados em painel, com o m?todo de efeitos fixos. Foram estimados seis modelos, onde as medidas de impacto ambiental utilizadas foram a pegada ecol?gica, emiss?o de CO2 total e emiss?o de CO2 per capita para a an?lise da Am?rica Latina e OCDE. Os resultados da estima??o corroboram em alguns aspectos com a literatura vigente, demonstrando que a popula??o e a renda s?o as vari?veis mais importantes para explicar os impactos ambientais, seja para pa?ses desenvolvidos, aqui representado pelos membros da OCDE, seja para pa?ses em desenvolvimento, como no caso dos pa?ses Latino americanos . A inova??o do trabalho est? associada ? utiliza??o deste modelo para an?lise concomitante dos pa?ses da OCDE e Am?rica Latina.

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The focus of this research is the teaching of the Latin language. Due to the fact that its teaching has been facing a growing crisis in the last four decades, which currently persists, we ponder about external and internal causes of its decline, aiming at pointing out an alternative that enable us to find a way out of this situation. So, our research questions mainly concern how the teaching of Latin is viewed amongst the academic society, also investigating if it has kept up with the development of the scientific reflection about human language and the new approaches on language teaching. Furthermore, we analyse the contribution that the study of Latin can provide to the academic formation of language teachers and try to identify the areas of knowledge that can contribute to a reshaping of its teaching. Based on these guidelines, we have established as the goals of this research: 1) to reflect about the current situation of the teaching of Latin and the causes of its decline; 2) to determine its social representation among teachers and students of the Language Courses, as a way of defining the role it fulfills in the academic formation of teachers; 3) to accomplish an exploratory study of some handbooks that show alternative proposals on how to teach Latin, in order to detect their adequacy to current times and to the goals of the academic study of languages; 4) to offer an alternative proposal on how to teach Latin that takes into account the principles of Applied Linguistics, considering the socio-historical and cultural aspects of the language, enabling it to meet the requirements set by modern times. This research is divided into two parts. The first part presents the theoretical framework. We map the studies about Latin teaching inside and outside Brazil and argue against the concept of Latin being a dead language, presenting arguments set on changing this view. Then we describe and comment the notions of literacy, genre and culture, which helped us understand the reasons for the decline of the teaching of Latin and to point out suitable ways to overcome the crisis. The second part is dedicated to reflecting on the literacy practices in Latin teaching. We began by examining the answers to the questionnaires given to students and teachers about the view of Latin in the Language Courses; then we reflect on the teaching-learning of Latin as an academic literacy practice followed by an analysis of the didactic material used in teaching Latin. Finally, we suggest an approach of the familiar letter genre in ancient Rome as a means of teaching Latin in a contextualized way
O foco deste trabalho ? o ensino da l?ngua latina. Partindo da constata??o de que esse ensino vem enfrentando, desde as ?ltimas quatro d?cadas, uma situa??o crescente de crise, que perdura nos dias atuais, refletimos sobre as causas externas e internas do seu decl?nio, com o objetivo de apontar alguma alternativa para a sa?da da crise em que se encontra. Assim, nossas quest?es de pesquisa se preocupam, antes de mais nada, em verificar como o ensino do latim ? visto no meio acad?mico, investigando ainda se este ensino tem acompanhado os progressos da reflex?o cient?fica sobre o fen?meno da linguagem humana e sobre as novas abordagens do ensino de l?nguas. Al?m disso, discutimos acerca da contribui??o que o estudo do latim pode oferecer para a forma??o acad?mica em Letras e procuramos identificar os campos do saber que podem contribuir para um redimensionamento do seu ensino. Em raz?o dessas quest?es, estabelecemos como objetivos do trabalho 1) Refletir sobre a situa??o atual do ensino do latim e sobre as causas do seu decl?nio; 2) Identificar sua representa??o social no meio acad?mico discente e docente do Curso de Letras, como forma de contribuir para a defini??o do papel que lhe cabe na forma??o docente; 3) Fazer um estudo explorat?rio de alguns comp?ndios que apresentam propostas alternativas de didatiza??o do latim, com o intento de verificar sua adequa??o ? nossa realidade e aos objetivos da forma??o em Letras; 4) Apresentar uma proposta alternativa de ensino do latim que leve em conta as contribui??es da Ling??stica Aplicada e que, contemplando os aspectos s?cio-hist?ricos e culturais da l?ngua, seja capaz de atender as exig?ncias da modernidade e da sua inser??o no curr?culo de Letras. O trabalho est? dividido em duas partes. A primeira constitui o quadro te?rico. Nela procedemos a um mapeamento introdut?rio dos estudos sobre o ensino do latim no Brasil, com uma breve incurs?o no panorama europeu e norte americano. Em seguida, tecemos considera??es sobre a concep??o do latim como l?ngua morta, apresentando argumentos para uma revis?o desta met?fora. Finalizamos com a apresenta??o dos conceitos de letramento, g?nero e cultura, que fundamentam teoricamente a nossa proposta de abordagem do ensino do latim. A segunda parte ? destinada ? reflex?o sobre as pr?ticas de letramento no ensino do latim. Come?amos examinando as respostas aos question?rios aplicados a alunos e professores, com o intuito de detectar as representa??es acerca do latim no meio acad?mico de Letras, refletimos sobre o ensino-aprendizagem do latim como uma pr?tica de letramento acad?mico, detendo-nos a seguir na an?lise de materiais utilizados para a didatiza??o do latim. Por fim, sugerimos uma abordagem do g?nero carta familiar em Roma como instrumento de ensino do latim de uma forma contextualizada

La thèse porte sur le « canon » (au sens de « liste des auteurs considérés comme les meilleurs au sein d’un genre donné ») des poètes grecs et latins du chapitre 10.1 de l’Institution oratoire. Dans ce traité de rhétorique de l’époque flavienne, la liste-canon est issue d’une tradition littéraire et doctrinale qui sélectionne certains auteurs à inclure et les évalue les uns par rapport aux autres pour en faire des supports de lecture et des modèles d’éloquence. Le présent travail envisage la liste d’auteurs du chapitre 10.1 à la fois comme le point d’aboutissement d’un processus de constitution de « canons » effectué en diachronie et, en synchronie, comme une émanation du contexte culturel propre à la Rome flavienne. Il interroge sa dynamique de constitution en expliquant les motivations qui sous-tendent différentes opérations de « mise en liste » (sélection – ou exclusion – des auteurs, établissement entre eux de relations de hiérarchisation, et évaluation critique de leurs qualités). Il montre que les principales influences critiques qui s’exercent sur les différentes notices de la liste sont celles de Cicéron, d’Horace et de Denys d’Halicarnasse. Nous montrons notamment que cette dynamique de constitution de la liste est propre à chaque genre poétique. Notre travail entend s’inscrire ainsi au confluent de l’histoire de la rhétorique et de ses doctrines, de l’histoire de la philologie, de l’histoire littéraire et de l’histoire de la critique littéraire ancienne
This thesis deals with the "canon" (in the sense of "list of authors considered the best within a given genre") of Greek and Latin poets in chapter 10.1 of the Institutio oratoria. In this treatise on rhetoric from the Flavian period, the canon-list derives from a literary and doctrinal tradition that selects certain authors for inclusion and evaluates them in relation to each other as reading material and models of eloquence. The present work describes the list of authors in chapter 10.1 both as the culmination of a diachronous process of establishing "canons", and, in synchrony, as an emanation of the cultural context specific to Flavian Rome. It questions the dynamic of how the list was established by explaining the motivations behind different operations of "listing" (selection - or exclusion - of authors, establishment of hierarchical relations between them, and critical evaluation of their qualities). It shows that the main critical influences on the different entries in the list are those of Cicero, Horace and Denys of Halicarnassus. In particular, its show that the dynamics of how the list was established is specific to each poetic genre. Accordingly, the present work is located at the confluence of the history of rhetoric and its doctrines, the history of philology, literary history, and the history of ancient literary criticism

VANTI, Nadia. Links hipertextuais na comunica??o cient?fica: an?lise webom?trica dos s?tios acad?micos latino-americanos em Ci?ncias Sociais. Porto Alegre, 2007. 292 f. Tese (Doutorado em Comunica??o e Informa??o) ? Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, 2007.
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RESUMO Os principais objetivos deste estudo s?o a investiga??o do campo da webometria, definindo o lugar que esta ocupa dentro da Ci?ncia da Informa??o e o seu inter-relacionamento com os tradicionais campos das m?tricas (bibliometria, cientometria e informetria), assim como a an?lise dos fluxos da informa??o na Web, mediante a aplica??o de diferentes indicadores webom?tricos aos s?tios dos centros filiados ao Conselho Latino-Americano de Ci?ncias Sociais (CLACSO). Os indicadores webom?tricos utilizados s?o: Tamanho do S?tio, Visibilidade, Luminosidade, Fator de Impacto Web, Densidade por Link e Densidade da Rede. O foco de an?lise ? o estudo dos links enquanto fontes de informa??o e como instrumentos de conex?o que influenciam e s?o influenciados pelos v?nculos acad?micos neste ambiente. Para a extra??o, quantifica??o e representa??o gr?fica dos dados s?o utilizados motores de busca (Google, Yahoo e Alta Vista), programas mapeadores (Xenu Link Steuth) e programas de an?lise e visualiza??o de redes (Ucinet 5 e Netdraw). Os resultados obtidos indicam que a informetria deve ser entendida como o campo maior que compreende n?o s? a bibliometria e a cientometria, mas tamb?m campos emergentes como a cibermetria e a webometria. Apresenta-se a posi??o de que a webometria n?o est? totalmente absorvida pela bibliometria, j? que a informa??o no meio digital n?o pode ser considerada como informa??o ?registrada? e sim como ?dispon?vel? em meio eletr?nico, havendo a necessidade de uma maior reflex?o te?rica para abrigar novos conceitos que surgem com a influ?ncia das inova??es tecnol?gicas no pensar e no fazer da Ci?ncia da Informa??o. A aplica??o dos indicadores webom?tricos demonstra que o Fator de Impacto da Web e Densidade por Link n?o oferecem resultados satisfat?rios. J? os demais indicadores demonstram sua utilidade e relev?ncia na mensura??o dos dados coletados na Web e nos processos de identifica??o e an?lise dos padr?es do fluxo da informa??o e inter- relacionamento entre institui??es acad?micas dentro do mundo virtual. O estudo demonstra tamb?m que a maioria dos s?tios latino-americanos de ci?ncias sociais estabelece poucas rela??es com outros centros do mesmo pa?s e de outros paises da regi?o na Web, o que se traduz em uma densidade de rede em geral bastante baixa e deixa em evid?ncia o importante potencial de conectividade a ser explorado no futuro pelo CLACSO e pelos seus centros membros. ABSTRACT: The main propose of this study is to research the field of webometrics, and define its role within Information Science and its relation with traditional metric fields (bibliometrics, scientometrics and informetrics). Also, by applying different webometric indicators to the sites of centers affiliated to the Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO), this study analyzes the information flows that occur inside the Web. The webometric indicators utilized are: Site Size, Visibility, Luminosity, Web Impact Factor, Link Density and Network Density. The analysis focuses mainly on an examination of links. These are regarded as sources of information and as instruments of connection that influence scholarly relationships within this virtual environment, at the same time being influenced by those relationships. Search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Alta Vista, link checking software such as Xenu Link Steuth, and programs for analysis and visualization of large networks such as Ucinet 5 and Netdraw are utilized for data collection, quantification and graphic representation of data. The results obtained indicate that infometrics has to be understood as a large field to include not only bibliometrics and scientometrics, but also emergent fields such as cybermetrics and webometrics. According to this research, webometrics should not be completely absorbed by bibliometrics, because the information in this digital environment cannot be considered as ?recorded.? Instead, this information should be seen as ?available? in electronic support. Therefore, it is necessary to think about a broader theoretical framework that allows us to include the new concepts that come out with the influence of technological innovations on the thinking and the makings of Information Science. The application of webometric indicators demonstrates that Link Density and the Web Impact Factor are insufficient. On the other hand, the other indicators stand out as useful, and are relevant tools to the measurement of data collected in the Web, as well as to the processes of information flows and to the interrelation among scholarly institutions inside the virtual world. This study also demonstrates that most of Latin American social sciences websites establish very few connections with the websites of other centers of the same country or region, which is reflected on a relatively low Network Density and emphasizes the enormous potential of connectivity as an area to be developed in the future by CLACSO and its member centers

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This study analyzes strategies to bring the reading audience close to images of political personalities through biographies. We have sought to identify a typology for neo-populist leadership practices in Latin American realities based on the biographies of charismatic leaders. We focused on reconstructing the lives of Presidents Luiz In?cio Lula da Silva (Brazil, 2002-2010) in A hist?ria de Lula: O filho do Brasil (2009), by Denise Paran?, and O que sei de Lula (2011), by Jos? N?umanne Pinto; Hugo Ch?vez Frias (Venezuela, 1999-present), from the report Hugo Ch?vez sem uniforme (2006), by Cristina Marcano and Alberto Barrera Tyszka; and Evo Morales (Bolivia, 2006-current) based on the text: Evo Morales: The extraordinary rise of the first indigenous president of Bolivia (2010), by Mart?n Sivak. We made use of Critical Discourse Analysis, with a methodological lens that allowed us to identify the stereotypes, myths and archetypes used by the authors. We observed that the book format biographies were an extension of the strategies to build the images of Latin American neo-populist leaders. The style of neo-populist leadership is characterized by a reading from the field of Social Communication, through the personality traits that are attributed to the character in question, always seeking to become closer to the people. Transposition of the stages of the Hero's Journey concept by Joseph Campbell (2007) made it possible to frame the analysis of the biographical content, tracing a common line among the works: the heroic treatment given to the characters. The story of the presidential leaders is narrated in three main stages: the beginning, with the obstacles that test the hero at the beginning of life; the initiation, when the individual comes into contact with the political world and begins their personal learning experience; and the return, in the expression of their attaining the highest level on the political scale with the mission to change the reality in which they are inserted.
Este estudo analisa as estrat?gias para a aproxima??o entre o p?blico leitor e as imagens de personalidades pol?ticas, atrav?s de suas trajet?rias biogr?ficas. Buscamos a identifica??o de uma tipologia para as pr?ticas de lideran?a neopopulistas, em realidades latino-americanas, com base nas biografias de l?deres carism?ticos. Focamo-nos na reconstru??o de vida dos presidentes Luiz In?cio Lula da Silva (Brasil, 2002-2010) em A hist?ria de Lula: O filho do Brasil (2009), de Denise Paran? e O que sei de Lula (2011), de Jos? N?umanne Pinto; Hugo Ch?vez Fr?as (Venezuela, 1999-atual), a partir do relato Hugo Ch?vez sem uniforme (2006), de Cristina Marcano e Alberto Barrera Tyszka; e Evo Morales (Bol?via, 2006-atual), com base no texto Evo Morales: The extraordinary rise of the first indigenous president of Bolivia (2010), de Mart?n Sivak. Utilizamos a An?lise Cr?tica do Discurso, como lente metodol?gica que permitiu identificar os estere?tipos, mitos e arqu?tipos utilizados pelos autores. Percebemos que as biografias, no formato de livro, constituem-se em extens?o para as estrat?gias de constru??o das imagens dos l?deres neopopulistas da Am?rica Latina. O estilo de lideran?a neopopulista caracteriza-se, em uma leitura a partir do campo da Comunica??o Social, pelos tra?os de personalidade que s?o atribu?dos ao personagem, sempre em busca da aproxima??o com o povo. A transposi??o das etapas da Jornada do Her?i, de Joseph Campbell (2007), permitiu o enquadramento da an?lise do conte?do das biografias, demonstrando uma linha comum entre as obras: o tratamento heroico conferido aos protagonistas. A trajet?ria dos l?deres presidenciais ? narrada a partir de tr?s fases principais: a partida, com as prova??es que se interp?e ao her?i no in?cio de sua vida; a inicia??o, quando o indiv?duo entra em contato com o universo pol?tico e inicia o seu aprendizado pessoal; e o retorno, na express?o da conquista do topo da escalada pol?tica, com a miss?o de modificar a realidade em que est? inserido.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
This doctoral thesis presents a comparative analysis of the Brazilian and Peruvian strategies to get access to the London financial market between 1850 and 1880. Between these three decades, Brazil and Peru were the biggest borrowers at the London financial market, concentrating almost half of the total British capital for the Latin America in the shape of public loans. Both countries developed autonomous and creative strategies to get access to considerable amount of capital in London. Hence, the analysis begins with a comparative view of the disparities between Brazil and Peru as a investment field for British investors. Right after, the analysis encompass the good results achieved by both countries in the British financial market. The last chapter contemplates the strategies created by both countries, and how they applied their political, economic and financial resources in order to get access to the loans in the biggest financial market of 19th century.
O presente trabalho analisa comparativamente as estrat?gias de obten??o de capital dos governos brasileiro e peruano no mercado financeiro Londrino entre 1850-1880. Brasil e Peru se tornaram os dois maiores mutu?rios latino-americanos no mercado de capitais de Londres entre 1850-1880. Contando com quase metade de todo o capital de empr?stimo brit?nico investido na Am?rica Latina ? ?poca, os governos do Brasil e Peru desenvolveram estrat?gias diferentes para alcan?arem resultados positivos e semelhantes. Partindo da an?lise das diferen?as de Brasil e Peru como lugar de investimento brit?nico no s?culo 19, este trabalho comparou seus resultados, encontrando duas trajet?rias distintas e eficientes para atra?rem vultosos capitais de empr?stimo por meio de venda de t?tulos de d?vida p?blica na Bolsa de Valores de Londres. A an?lise comparada acompanha a evolu??o do sistema financeiro global entre 1850 e 1880 apontando os recursos pol?ticos, econ?micos e financeiros utilizados por ambos pa?ses latino-americanos apara aceder ? principal pra?a financeira mundial com resultados positivos.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is essential to promote proper growth and development, and contribute to reducing child mortality. Socioeconomic, demographic, biological, behavioral, psychological among others, interfere with this practice. However, the measurement of some variables has been a challenge due to the subjectivity and limitations of self-report data, both prone to errors. The identification of similar characteristics patterns among nursing mothers and health professionals allows better understanding of the between interrelationship the various factors associated with breastfeeding, and the role of each individual in that process. To this end, theoretical models can be used by Latent Class Analysis (LCA); statistical technique that seeks to identify characteristics of individuals with similar patterns of behavior; and categorize them into their most likely class their responses. The objectives of this study were: a) identify behavior patterns towards EBF among nursing mothers and health professionals; b) evaluates the factors associated with EBF cessation within the first month of life, including variables that were not previously examined in the literature. This is a cohort study with cross-sectional analysis, which used LCA to design a model with four constructs (maternal emotional state, availability to breastfeeding, maternal attitude towards breastfeeding; and health professional?s attitude towards breastfeeding), each with two latent classes, from 15 indicators surveyed in a birth cohort composed 1.309 women interviewed in the first month after delivery. In addition, logistic regression analysis was also performed to investigate the association between EBF interruption at 1 month of life and the latent variables and other covariates. Four constructs were defined using LCA, three related to maternal characteristics: attitude, emotional state and availability to breastfeeding, and on attitude of health professionals on breastfeeding. The frequency of women with unfavorable emotional state was 36.5%; 14.7% had less availability to breastfeed; and 41.5% had a negative attitude towards breastfeeding; and 62.0% of health professionals had negative attitude towards breastfeeding. The classes unfavorable maternal emotional state (OR=1.62; IC95%: 1.28-2.05), unfavorable health professional?s attitude towards breastfeeding (OR=1.31; IC95%: 1.03-1.67) and negative maternal attitude to breastfeeding (OR=2.18; IC95%: 1.73-2.75) were associated with EBF interruption in the 1st month of life. Maternal education up to elementary school (OR=1.47; IC95%: 1.15-1.89) and family income less than one minimum wage (OR=1.41; IC95%: 1.10-1.81) also presented statistical significance for the denouement. The results for education and income were consistent with the literature. The LCA demonstrated behavior patterns of nursing mothers and health professionals on the EBF. The study found new factors associated with interruption of EBF at 1 month of life.
O aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) nos primeiros seis meses de vida ? fundamental para promover bom crescimento e desenvolvimento, al?m de contribuir para a redu??o da morbimortalidade infantil. Fatores socioecon?micos, demogr?ficos, biol?gicos, comportamentais, psicol?gicos entre outros, interferem nesta pr?tica. Entretanto, a mensura??o de algumas vari?veis tem se mostrado um desafio devido ? subjetividade e as limita??es de dados autorrelatados, ambos propensos a erros. A identifica??o de padr?es de caracter?sticas similares entre nutrizes e profissionais de sa?de permite compreender melhor a interrela??o entre os diversos fatores associados ? pr?tica da amamenta??o, e o papel de cada indiv?duo nesse processo. Para tal, podem ser utilizados modelos te?ricos, mediante An?lise de Classes Latentes (ACL); uma t?cnica estat?stica que busca identificar caracter?sticas de indiv?duos com padr?es similares de comportamentos; e categoriz?-los em sua classe mais prov?vel, dadas as suas respostas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: a) identificar padr?es de comportamento relacionados ao AME entre nutrizes e profissionais de sa?de; e b) avaliar os fatores associados ? interrup??o do AME no primeiro m?s de vida, incluindo vari?veis latentes. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte com an?lise transversal, que utilizou ACL para elaborar um modelo com quatro constructos (estado emocional materno, disponibilidade para amamentar, atitudes maternas e dos profissionais de sa?de quanto ? amamenta??o), cada um com duas classes latentes a partir de 15 indicadores pesquisados em uma coorte de nascidos vivos composta por 1.309 mulheres entrevistadas no primeiro m?s p?s-parto. Ademais, foi realizada an?lise de regress?o log?stica para investigar a associa??o entre a interrup??o do AME no primeiro m?s de vida e as vari?veis latentes definidas e outras covari?veis. Foram definidos quatro constructos, utilizando ACL, tr?s relacionados ?s caracter?sticas maternas: atitude, estado emocional e disponibilidade para amamentar, e um sobre atitude dos profissionais de sa?de quanto ? amamenta??o. A frequ?ncia de mulheres com estado emocional desfavor?vel foi de 36,5%; 14,7% apresentaram menor disponibilidade para amamentar e 41,5% informaram atitudes negativas quanto ? amamenta??o; e 62,0% dos profissionais de sa?de apresentaram atitude desfavor?vel quanto ? amamenta??o. As classes estado emocional materno desfavor?vel (OR=1,62; IC95%: 1,28-2,05), atitude do profissional de sa?de desfavor?vel quanto ? amamenta??o (OR=1,31; IC95%: 1,03-1,67) e atitude materna negativa quanto ? amamenta??o (OR=2,18; IC95%: 1,73-2,75) associaram-se com a interrup??o do AME no primeiro m?s de vida. Escolaridade materna at? ensino fundamental (OR=1,47; IC95%: 1,15-1,89) e renda familiar inferior a um sal?rio m?nimo (OR=1,41; IC95%: 1,10-1,81), tamb?m foram significativamente associados ao desfecho. Os resultados encontrados para escolaridade e renda apresentaram-se concordantes com a literatura. A ACL demonstrou padr?es de comportamentos de nutrizes e profissionais de sa?de quanto ao AME. O estudo encontrou novos fatores associados ? interrup??o do AME no primeiro m?s de vida.

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Oil wells subjected to cyclic steam injection present important challenges for the development of well cementing systems, mainly due to tensile stresses caused by thermal gradients during its useful life. Cement sheath failures in wells using conventional high compressive strength systems lead to the use of cement systems that are more flexible and/or ductile, with emphasis on Portland cement systems with latex addition. Recent research efforts have presented geopolymeric systems as alternatives. These cementing systems are based on alkaline activation of amorphous aluminosilicates such as metakaolin or fly ash and display advantageous properties such as high compressive strength, fast setting and thermal stability. Basic geopolymeric formulations can be found in the literature, which meet basic oil industry specifications such as rheology, compressive strength and thickening time. In this work, new geopolymeric formulations were developed, based on metakaolin, potassium silicate, potassium hydroxide, silica fume and mineral fiber, using the state of the art in chemical composition, mixture modeling and additivation to optimize the most relevant properties for oil well cementing. Starting from molar ratios considered ideal in the literature (SiO2/Al2O3 = 3.8 e K2O/Al2O3 = 1.0), a study of dry mixtures was performed,based on the compressive packing model, resulting in an optimal volume of 6% for the added solid material. This material (silica fume and mineral fiber) works both as an additional silica source (in the case of silica fume) and as mechanical reinforcement, especially in the case of mineral fiber, which incremented the tensile strength. The first triaxial mechanical study of this class of materials was performed. For comparison, a mechanical study of conventional latex-based cementing systems was also carried out. Regardless of differences in the failure mode (brittle for geopolymers, ductile for latex-based systems), the superior uniaxial compressive strength (37 MPa for the geopolymeric slurry P5 versus 18 MPa for the conventional slurry P2), similar triaxial behavior (friction angle 21? for P5 and P2) and lower stifness (in the elastic region 5.1 GPa for P5 versus 6.8 GPa for P2) of the geopolymeric systems allowed them to withstand a similar amount of mechanical energy (155 kJ/m3 for P5 versus 208 kJ/m3 for P2), noting that geopolymers work in the elastic regime, without the microcracking present in the case of latex-based systems. Therefore, the geopolymers studied on this work must be designed for application in the elastic region to avoid brittle failure. Finally, the tensile strength of geopolymers is originally poor (1.3 MPa for the geopolymeric slurry P3) due to its brittle structure. However, after additivation with mineral fiber, the tensile strength became equivalent to that of latex-based systems (2.3 MPa for P5 and 2.1 MPa for P2). The technical viability of conventional and proposed formulations was evaluated for the whole well life, including stresses due to cyclic steam injection. This analysis was performed using finite element-based simulation software. It was verified that conventional slurries are viable up to 204?F (400?C) and geopolymeric slurries are viable above 500?F (260?C)
Po?os sujeitos ? inje??o c?clica de vapor apresentam importantes desafios para desenvolvimento de pastas de cimenta??o, devido principalmente aos esfor?os de tra??o causados pelos gradientes t?rmicos durante a sua vida ?til. Falhas em cimenta??es que empregaram pastas convencionais de elevada resist?ncia ? compress?o levaram ao emprego de pastas mais flex?veis e/ou d?cteis, com destaque para as pastas de cimento Portland com adi??o de l?tex. Recentes pesquisas t?m apresentado pastas geopolim?ricas como alternativa. Estas pastas cimentantes s?o baseadas na ativa??o alcalina de aluminosilicatos amorfos como o metacaulim ou a cinza volante e possuem propriedades vantajosas como alta resist?ncia ? compress?o, r?pido endurecimento e estabilidade t?rmica. Encontram-se na literatura formula??es geopolim?ricas b?sicas que atendem ?s especifica??es da ind?stria de petr?leo, incluindo reologia, resist?ncia ? compress?o e tempo de espessamento. Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se novas formula??es geopolim?ricas ? base de metacaulim, silicato de pot?ssio, hidr?xido de pot?ssio, micross?lica e fibra mineral, utilizando o estado da arte em composi??o qu?mica, modelagem de misturas e aditiva??o para otimizar as propriedades relevantes para a cimenta??o de po?os. Partindo de raz?es molares consideradas ideais na literatura (SiO2/Al2O3 = 3,8 e K2O/Al2O3 = 1,0), realizou-se um estudo de misturas secas baseado no modelo do empacotamento compress?vel, obtendo-se um volume ?timo de 6% para o material s?lido adicional. Este material (micross?lica e fibra mineral) serve tanto como fonte de s?lica adicional (no caso da micross?lica) quanto refor?o mec?nico, principalmente no caso da fibra mineral, a qual incrementou a resist?ncia ? tra??o. Realizou-se o primeiro estudo mec?nico triaxial desta classe de pastas. Para efeito de compara??o, tamb?m foi realizado um estudo mec?nico de pastas convencionais ? base de l?tex. Apesar de diferen?as no modo de ruptura (fr?gil no caso dos geopol?meros, d?ctil no caso das pastas com l?tex), a superior resist?ncia compressiva uniaxial (37 MPa para a pasta geopolim?rica P5 versus 18 MPa para a pasta convencional P2), comportamento triaxial similar (?ngulo de atrito 21? para P5 e P2) e menor rigidez (na regi?o el?stica 5,1 GPa para P5 versus 6,8 GPa para P2) das pastas geopolim?ricas permitiu uma capacidade de absor??o de energia (155 kJ/m3 para P5 versus 208 kJ/m3 para P2) compar?vel entre as duas, sendo que os geopol?meros atuam no regime el?stico, sem a microfissura??o presente nas pastas com l?tex. Assim, os geopol?meros estudados neste trabalho devem ser dimensionados para aplica??es no regime el?stico para evitar fraturas fr?geis. Finalmente, a resist?ncia ? tra??o do geopol?mero ? originalmente pobre (1,3 MPa para a pasta geopolim?rica P3) devido ? sua estrutura fr?gil. Entretanto, ap?s a aditiva??o desse sistema com fibra mineral, a resist?ncia ? tra??o do mesmo tornou-se equivalente (2,3 MPa para P5 e 2,1 MPa para P2) ? das pastas com l?tex. A viabilidade t?cnica das formula??es convencionais e geopolim?ricas foi avaliada durante toda a vida ?til do po?o, incluindo os esfor?os devidos ? inje??o c?clica de vapor. Esta an?lise foi feita utilizando um software de simula??o ? base de elementos finitos. Verificou-se que as pastas convencionais s?o vi?veis at? a temperatura de 204?C (400?F) e as geopolim?ricas acima de 260?C (500?F)

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
This work aims at reading O para?so na outra esquina, by Mario Vargas Llosa, focusing on the representation of space a category of narratives. Its main goal is to think of how space is presented and what is its functionality in the novel. For this, we understand space not only as a backdrop for the actions of the characters, but assuming decisive significance for the understanding of the entire work. Thus, the space becomes a functional element ever seen in its application and in relation to other elements. The first part of this work presents a recover of some theories which propose a conceptualization of literature, discuss the issue of representation, think the novel as a genre and, finally, consider questions about space as a term and in narrative. Among the approached studies are the ones of Eagleton (1997), Compagnon (2001) and Reis (2003), as well as those of Borneuf and Ouellet (1976), Bakhtin (1993; 2000) and Brand?o (2007). The second chapter aims to give a brief resume of important events in the life of Mario Vargas Llosa as a writer and discuss the insertion of his literature in the Latin American context, as well as presenting the novel that will be analyzed in terms of its construction, theme, plot and critical receptivity. The third and final part, subdivided into another three, is the analysis of the multiple spaces contained in O para?so na outra esquina. Initially, it focuses on the continental areas, Latin-America, Oceania and Europe, considering them in a center-periphery relationship and in their individual representation. Then it goes on to reflect on the internal and external spaces, while these are meaningful as an objective perspective and a possibility of living and learning, and those, as subjective perspective and spaces of memory, loneliness and self-discovery. Finally, we analyze the paradise while a slippery space of utopia, directly related to the individual concept that each character has of freedom and, therefore, with two different configurations.
Este trabalho apresenta uma leitura de O para?so na outra esquina, de Mario Vargas Llosa, com enfoque na representa??o do espa?o enquanto categoria narrativa. Seu objetivo ? pensar como se apresentam e qual a funcionalidade dos espa?os presentes no romance. Para isso, entende-se que o espa?o funciona n?o s? como cen?rio para as a??es das personagens, mas assume significados decisivos para a compreens?o da totalidade da obra. Dessa forma, o espa?o passa a ser um elemento funcional, visto sempre em sua aplicabilidade e em rela??o com outras categorias narrativas. A primeira parte deste trabalho traz uma recupera??o de teorias que se propuseram a conceitualizar a literatura, a discutir o tema da representa??o, a pensar o romance enquanto g?nero e, por fim, a considerar quest?es sobre o espa?o enquanto termo e enquanto categoria narrativa. Dentre os estudos abordados, est?o os de Eagleton (1997), Compagnon (2001) e Reis (2003), bem como os de Borneuf e Ouellet (1976), Bakhtin (1993; 2000) e Brand?o (2007). O segundo cap?tulo faz uma breve retomada de eventos importantes da vida de Mario Vargas Llosa enquanto escritor e discutir sua literatura inserida no contexto latino-americano, bem como apresentar o romance que ser? analisado em termos de sua constru??o, tem?tica, enredo e receptividade cr?tica. A terceira e ?ltima parte, subdividida em outras tr?s, d? conta da an?lise dos m?ltiplos espa?os que nele se apresentam. Inicialmente, discorre-se sobre os espa?os continentais, Am?rica-Latina, Oceania e Europa, pensando-os na rela??o centro-periferia e em sua representa??o individual. Depois, passa-se a refletir sobre os espa?os internos e externos, estes importantes enquanto perspectiva objetiva e possibilidade de conv?vio e aprendizagem, e aqueles enquanto perspectiva subjetiva e espa?os da mem?ria, da solid?o e da autodescoberta. Por fim, analisa-se o para?so enquanto o espa?o escorregadio da utopia, diretamente relacionado ao conceito individual que cada personagem tem de liberdade e, por isso, com duas configura??es distintas.

This dissertation asserts that the tortuous relationship Spanish American literature had with cosmopolitanism since the Wars of Independence reached a turning point towards the end of the second half of the twentieth century. While the literary production of the nineteenth and most of the twentieth century was centred on the Spanish American nation and the continent, contemporary literature has become increasingly deterritorialized, and has begun to present narrative worlds and discuss issues that transcend this circumscribed universe. The discerning of this articulation of global issues in contemporary literature – which I contend is predicated on the concept of cosmopolitanism – is the primary objective of this investigation. The five novels examined here are Elena Poniatowska’s La “Flor de Lis” (1988), Mario Vargas Llosa’s El Paraíso en la otra esquina (2003) and El sueño del celta (2010), and Jorge Volpi’s El fin de la locura (2003) and No será la Tierra (2006). This study aims to describe and assess an evolving perspective on the treatment of cosmopolitanism in Spanish America. I trace the shift from the previous generations’ main preoccupation with aesthetic cosmopolitanism, which sought to engage Latin American literary discourse with the Western canon, to what I identify as the current political implication of the concept. To this end, I show that whereas mid-twentieth century authors displaced cosmopolitanism in favour of more politically expedient concepts, authors now plot it in their novels as a means of discussing issues of identity and citizenship in an increasingly globalized world.

Ce travail porte sur le développement d’un système de stockage de chaleur en vue d’assurer le confort thermique de l’habitacle d’un véhicule électrique. Ce dispositif, appelé batterie thermique, se présente comme un réservoir composé d’un lit fixe de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP). Ce type de matériau a la propriété d’emmagasiner de fortes quantités de chaleur (latente) sous de faibles volumes, permettant d’envisager un système très compact. A l’échelle du matériau, une investigation sur la cinétique des transferts thermiques au sein de plusieurs MCPs a été évaluée. Une expression phénoménologique décrivant l’évolution temporelle de la température d’un MCP en phase de solidification a été proposée. Elle permet d’estimer la durée de solidification du matériau en fonction de ses caractéristiques géométriques et thermiques. A l’échelle du système, un prototype de batterie thermique a été réalisé et la dynamique des transferts en phase de stockage et déstockage a été étudiée. Les durées de stockage et déstockage suivent des lois de puissance avec le débit imposé ; les pertes de charges s’avèrent insignifiantes. En parallèle, un modèle numérique simulant le comportement dynamique et thermique d’un lit fixe de particules de MCP a été développé et validé sur les données expérimentales. Il pourra être utilisé pour le dimensionnement du futur prototype et servira également d’outil pour optimiser les performances de la batterie en ajustant les paramètres de contrôle
This study focuses on the development of a heat storage system used to ensure passenger compartment thermal comfort in an electric vehicle. This device, called a thermal battery, is a packed bed latent heat tank filled with phase change materials (PCM). This type of material has the property of storing large amounts of latent heat in small volumes, allowing a very compact system. At the material scale, an investigation on heat transfer dynamics within several PCM was studied. A phenomenological expression which depicts the temporal evolution of the PCM temperature for a solidification phase was suggested. This allows the estimation of the material solidification duration in terms of geometric and thermal characteristics. At the system scale, a thermal battery prototype was set up and the thermal transfer dynamics during the charging and discharging phases were studied. The charging and discharging durations are fitted by power laws in terms of the flow rate; the pressure drops are insignificant. Simultaneously, a numerical model which simulates the dynamic and thermal behavior of a PCM particle fixed bed was developed and validated with the experimental data. It can be used for future prototype sizing and will also serve as a tool to optimize the performance of the battery by setting the control parameters

This PowerPoint file contains 21 slides and was presented in the 2005 ALISE Conference, Session 5.1 - Collaborative Projects between LIS Schools in Different Countries. This presentation calls for collaborative projects in LIS education between the U.S. and Latin American countries. By highlighting the necessity of cooperating with Latin American Library Schools, the presentation emphasizes the importance of enhancing the quality of the LIS classrooms. It describes steps toward establishing mutual collaborations and points to some issues in the conduct of the projects.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊管理學研究所
101
A medication error is any preventable event that leads to patient harm because of inappropriate drug use. One major reason is because discrepancies may exist between drugs prescribed and drugs taken by patients. Drug omission is a major cause of discrepancies. The goal of this study is to develop a drug omission detection method to help resolve these discrepancies and improve health care quality. This study developed a method for automatic detecting omissions in medication lists. Our key insight is that the diagnosis items and drug items from one medical visit have the same latent health condition factors. The problem is, to some degree, analogous to the topic modeling framework which is increasingly used to inference latent topics in documents. We modified the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model according to the characteristics of the health insurance claim data and developed the Multiple Channel Latent Dirichlet Allocation (MCLDA). MCLDA discovers the relationship between diagnoses and drugs and compute the conditional probability that a given drug is omitted given the observed drugs and diagnosis. We evaluate the effectiveness of MCLDA model using the medication data from National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database. Compared with previous Collaborative Filtering methods, the results show that MCLDA has improved accuracy for drug omission predicting.

This diploma thesis deals with basic features of magic squares and analyses these features with regard to usability during the teaching at elementary schools. Magic squares are known for hundreds years and since then they have changed due to various modifications, from which other kinds were derived. The first part of the thesis is therefore dedicated to the history. Next chapter deals with the construction of magic squares. The following chapters study similar games as Sudoku, Kakuro and Latin squares. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to the usability of magic squares in teaching mathematics. To practice the given topic, the worksheets which are divided according to their difficulty, were created.