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1
Vázquez-Boland, José A., Michael Kuhn, Patrick Berche, Trinad Chakraborty, Gustavo Domı́nguez-Bernal, Werner Goebel, Bruno González-Zorn, Jürgen Wehland, and Jürgen Kreft. "Listeria Pathogenesis and Molecular Virulence Determinants." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 584–640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.3.584-640.2001.
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SUMMARY The gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a highly fatal opportunistic foodborne infection. Pregnant women, neonates, the elderly, and debilitated or immunocompromised patients in general are predominantly affected, although the disease can also develop in normal individuals. Clinical manifestations of invasive listeriosis are usually severe and include abortion, sepsis, and meningoencephalitis. Listeriosis can also manifest as a febrile gastroenteritis syndrome. In addition to humans, L. monocytogenes affects many vertebrate species, including birds. Listeria ivanovii, a second pathogenic species of the genus, is specific for ruminants. Our current view of the pathophysiology of listeriosis derives largely from studies with the mouse infection model. Pathogenic listeriae enter the host primarily through the intestine. The liver is thought to be their first target organ after intestinal translocation. In the liver, listeriae actively multiply until the infection is controlled by a cell-mediated immune response. This initial, subclinical step of listeriosis is thought to be common due to the frequent presence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes in food. In normal indivuals, the continual exposure to listerial antigens probably contributes to the maintenance of anti-Listeria memory T cells. However, in debilitated and immunocompromised patients, the unrestricted proliferation of listeriae in the liver may result in prolonged low-level bacteremia, leading to invasion of the preferred secondary target organs (the brain and the gravid uterus) and to overt clinical disease. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are facultative intracellular parasites able to survive in macrophages and to invade a variety of normally nonphagocytic cells, such as epithelial cells, hepatocytes, and endothelial cells. In all these cell types, pathogenic listeriae go through an intracellular life cycle involving early escape from the phagocytic vacuole, rapid intracytoplasmic multiplication, bacterially induced actin-based motility, and direct spread to neighboring cells, in which they reinitiate the cycle. In this way, listeriae disseminate in host tissues sheltered from the humoral arm of the immune system. Over the last 15 years, a number of virulence factors involved in key steps of this intracellular life cycle have been identified. This review describes in detail the molecular determinants of Listeria virulence and their mechanism of action and summarizes the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of listeriosis and the cell biology and host cell responses to Listeria infection. This article provides an updated perspective of the development of our understanding of Listeria pathogenesis from the first molecular genetic analyses of virulence mechanisms reported in 1985 until the start of the genomic era of Listeria research.
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MOORE, JOHN, and ROBERT H. MADDEN. "Detection and Incidence of Listeria Species in Blended Raw Egg." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 652–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.8.652.
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In an egg pasteurizing plant, in-line filters removing solids from raw blended whole egg were sampled on a daily basis for 5 months for the presence of Listeria species. Two selective enrichment procedures (the Food and Drug Administration and U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] protocols) were assessed along with three selective plating media, Oxford Listeria selective agar, modified Vogel Johnson agar, and lithium chloride phenylethanol moxalactam agar. Overall, 173 samples were studied, with 125 (72%) being Listeria positive and the USDA method with Oxford agar proving most efficient. The only species isolated were Listeria innocua (62.2%) and Listeria monocytogenes (37.8%). To estimate the numbers of listeriae present in the blended raw egg, samples were taken from a sampling point immediately prior to the pasteurizer and subjected to selective enrichment in USDA broth. A most probable number counting experiment was employed to study egg samples in quintiplicate, and Listeria spp. were detected using Tecra Listeria ELISA kits, which had been previously evaluated for their sensitivity and ease of use. Samples from 9 successive days' production showed a mean level of Listeria spp. of 1 organism per ml. Hence, Listeria spp. were frequently present at low levels in raw egg before pasteurization. A total of 500 daily samples of pasteurized product were also studied, and all proved to be negative for Listeria, confirming the safety of the pasteurization process with regard to listeriae.
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CONFICONI, DANIELE, MANUEL SANTAGIULIANA, MASSIMO MARCHESAN, FRANCESCO FRANCESCHINI, PAOLO CATELLANI, MARCELLO FERIOLI, and VALERIO GIACCONE. "Distribution of Listeria spp. on Carcasses of Regularly Slaughtered Swine for Italian Dry Cured Ham." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 7 (June 14, 2019): 1104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-599.
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ABSTRACT In recent years, the role of Listeria monocytogenes as a foodborne pathogen in public health has increased. Its presence poses a risk for humans, especially in ready-to-eat foods, such as ham. Understanding the presence and distribution of Listeria spp. on swine carcasses meant for Italian dry-cured hams can be a useful tool to improve food safety. This study assessed the distribution of Listeria spp. (as a marker of contamination with L. monocytogenes) on slaughtered pig carcasses intended for the production of high-quality, Italian, dry-cured ham and examined the roles of the site sampled on the carcass, farming cycle (open versus closed), farm-to-slaughterhouse distance, and time spent in lairage. Samples were collected from swine carcasses (n = 150) before refrigeration, from three different carcass locations (head, shoulder, and thigh), and assessed for the presence of listeriae. A total of 115 carcasses were contaminated with Listeria spp. in at least one location. In all, 178 listeriae were isolated and identified: 130 Listeria innocua, 28 Listeria welshimeri, 17 Listeria ivanovii, and 3 L. monocytogenes. Listeriae were detected on 62.7% of heads, on 25.3% of shoulders, and on 30.7% of thighs, with significant differences between heads versus shoulders and thighs. Animals reared in closed-cycle farms were more contaminated (P < 0.05) than were animals from open-cycle farms (90 versus 71.8%). The distance between farms and slaughterhouse was not related to the contamination rate. Carcasses of swine that stayed in lairage before slaughtering for more than 10 h showed a higher degree of contamination (90%) and were positive for Listeria spp. in more sample sites (55%) compared with those held for less than 2 h (73% of carcasses and 33.3% of samples). Our results show that heads should be detached from carcasses immediately after slaughter for meat-safety purposes and the amount of time animals stay in lairage should be limited. These results will be useful for a more-valid implementation of good manufacturing processes for slaughtering. HIGHLIGHTS
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Pron, Benedicte, Claire Boumaila, Francis Jaubert, Sabine Sarnacki, Jean-Paul Monnet, Patrick Berche, and Jean-Louis Gaillard. "Comprehensive Study of the Intestinal Stage of Listeriosis in a Rat Ligated Ileal Loop System." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.2.747-755.1998.
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ABSTRACT The intestinal stage of listeriosis was studied in a rat ligated ileal loop system. Listeria monocytogenes translocated to deep organs with similar efficiencies after inoculation of loops with or without Peyer’s patches. Bacterial seeding of deep organs was demonstrated as early as 15 min after inoculation. It was dose dependent and nonspecific, as the ΔinlAB, theΔhly, and the ΔactA L. monocytogenesmutants and the nonpathogenic species, Listeria innocua, translocated similarly to wild-type L. monocytogenesstrains. The levels of uptake of listeriae by Peyer’s patches and villous intestine were similar and low, 50 to 250 CFU per cm2 of tissue. No listeria cells crossing the epithelial sheet of Peyer’s patches and villous intestine were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The lack of significant interaction of listeriae and the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer’s patches was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The follicular tissue of Peyer’s patches was a preferential site of Listeriareplication. With all doses tested, the rate of bacterial growth was 10 to 20 times higher in Peyer’s patches than in villous intestine. At early stages of Peyer’s patch infection, listeriae were observed inside mononuclear cells of the dome area. Listeriae then disseminated throughout the follicular tissue except for the germinal center. The virulence determinants hly and, to a lesser extent,actA, but not inlAB, were required for the completion of this process. This study suggests that Peyer’s patches are preferential sites for replication rather than for entry ofL. monocytogenes, due to the presence of highly permissive mononuclear cells whose nature remains to be defined.
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Chuku, Aleruchi, Godwin Attah Obande, and Sani Bashir Eya. "Listerial contamination of raw beef and chevon in north-central Nigeria." IMC Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcjms.v13i2.45274.
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Background and objective: Listeria sp. is a ubiquitous and frequently isolated foodborne pathogen. The prevalence of Listeria sp in raw beef and chevon sold in Lafia Nigeria, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility profile was evaluated.
Methods: A total 104 samples comprising of 52 raw beef and 52 chevon were obtained from street vendors (hawkers), Shinge abattoir, Lafia old market and Lafia Modern Market. Isolation of Listeria sp. was performed on Listeria Selective Agar, following enrichment in supplemented Listeria Selective Broth. Identification of Listeria sp. was carried out by cultural and biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated L. monocytogenes was performed by standard disk diffusion method. Chi-square test was used to determine association between contamination levels at p=0.05.
Results: Seven types of Listeria sp. were isolated. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii were the most frequently isolated contaminants in all meat types and from all sample sources. L. monocytogenes was isolated with a frequency of 64.4% (67/104) in the meat samples. Beef samples had the highest listerial contamination with a frequency of 58.2% (78/134) compared to chevon which had a listerial frequency of 41.8% (56/134). Resistance of L. monocytogenes to streptomycin and sparfloxacin was 58.2% and 55.2% respectively. Resistance to ampicillin (34.3%) and gentamicin (20.9%) was also observed. Resistances to multiple antimicrobials were detected in 11 L. monocytogenes isolates.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the raw meat sold in Lafia was contaminated with several Listeria sp. L. monocytogenes showed high rate of resistance to several antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of listerial infection. Appropriate regulation and monitoring of livestock rearing and meat retailing practices are advocated to safeguard the health of consumers.
Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 1-8
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Hood, S., G. Liddell, and R. H. Baxter. "Listeria Monocytogenes: A Rare Cause of Pleural Effusion in a Patient with Congestive Cardiac Failure." Scottish Medical Journal 42, no. 1 (February 1997): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309704200107.
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We report the case of a 65 year old immunocompetent man with a listerial pleural effusion. Infection of the pulmonary parenchyma and pleura with listeria monocytogenes has been reported in small numbers of immunocompromised patients but there have been only two previous reports of pulmonary listeria in non-compromised hosts.
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Sleator, Roy D., Cormac G. M. Gahan, and Colin Hill. "Mutations in the Listerial proB Gene Leading to Proline Overproduction: Effects on Salt Tolerance and Murine Infection." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 4560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4560-4565.2001.
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ABSTRACT The observed sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes to the toxic proline analogue l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZ) suggested that proline synthesis in Listeria may be regulated by feedback inhibition of γ-glutamyl kinase (GK), the first enzyme of the proline biosynthesis pathway, encoded by theproB gene. Taking advantage of the Epicurian coli mutator strain XL1-Red, we performed random mutagenesis of the recently described proBA operon and generated three independent mutations in the listerial proB homologue, leading to proline overproduction and salt tolerance when expressed in an E. coli (ΔproBA) background. While each of the mutations (located within a conserved 26-amino-acid region of GK) was shown to confer AZ resistance (AZr) on an L. monocytogenes proBA mutant, listerial transformants failed to exhibit the salt-tolerant phenotype observed in E. coli. Since proline accumulation has previously been linked to the virulence potential of a number of pathogenic bacteria, we analyzed the effect of proline overproduction on Listeria pathogenesis. However, our results suggest that as previously described for proline auxotrophy, proline hyperproduction has no apparent impact on the virulence potential of Listeria.
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LADO, CARLOS, and DIANA WRIGLEY DE BASANTA. "Typification of the myxomycete taxa described by the Listers and preserved at the Natural History Museum, London (BM)." Phytotaxa 341, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.341.1.1.
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This paper describes a revision and typification of the slime mould or myxomycete taxa proposed by the Lister family, according to current nomenclatural and taxonomic criteria. It is based on the collections in the BM fungarium housed at the Natural History Museum, London, formerly called the British Museum (Natural History). Arthur Lister, and his daughter Gulielma Lister, conducted intense research between 1887–1945 on the taxonomy and description of new species of myxomycetes. Arthur Lister published one of the first monographs of the myxomycetes in the world “A monograph of the Mycetozoa” in 1894, from collections in BM. His daughter Gulielma Lister edited and revised a second (1911) and third (1925) edition of this keystone publication. The Listers maintained a strong relationship with the Museum, and so the BM holds most of the type specimens of the taxa described by them in the three editions of the monograph, and the huge number of the scientific papers they published on myxomycetes. In almost six decades of work, the Listers described 115 new taxa, and proposed more than 100 new name combinations, but some of them are of doubtful interpretation currently, and a clarification was needed of the nomenclatural position of the described species. A search was made of type material and documents housed in the Natural History Museum such as notebooks, collections of slides or personal annotated copies of the monographs. A large quantity of information was checked with the historically important notes and illustrations of the 50 personal notebooks, and 20 other books detailing collections studied or revised by these authors. Almost all of Lister’s nomenclatural novelties lacked type indication, although in some cases a herbarium identifier was given, often referring to multiple collections, and in other cases several collections were mentioned under the description of the new taxa, so a lectotypification was done. From the 115 new taxa described by the Listers, 2 holotypes have been determined, 2 neotypes and 86 lectotypes have been designated in this publication. In 2 taxa syntypes were found but the material was too poor to lectotypify. Ten taxa remain unresolved when the pertinent material was not located. The rest were illigitimate names or doubtful taxa. All the typification information has been standardized, the geographical information updated, and BM barcodes included to facilitate future work. A brief biography of Arthur and Gulielma Lister, some historical notes, and a revision of the organization and level of conservation of their collection at BM, are included. There are also appendices with doubtful and excluded taxa, all the new combinations proposed by these authors, a list of notebooks and a complete list of publications by the Listers.
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ZHANG, GUODONG, LI MA, OMAR A. OYARZABAL, and MICHAEL P. DOYLE. "Aerosol Studies with Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.8.1857.
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Aerosol studies of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing plants have been limited by lack of a suitable surrogate microorganism. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using green fluorescent protein–labeled strains of Listeria innocua as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes for aerosol studies. These studies were conducted in a laboratory bioaerosol chamber and a pilot food-processing facility. Four strains of L. innocua and five strains of L. monocytogenes were used. In the laboratory chamber study, Listeria cells were released into the environment at two different cell numbers and under two airflow conditions. Trypticase soy agar (TSA) plates and oven-roasted breasts of chicken and turkey were placed in the chamber to monitor Listeria cell numbers deposited from aerosols. A similar experimental design was used in the pilot plant study; however, only L. innocua was used. Results showed that L. monocytogenes and L. innocua survived equally well on chicken and turkey breast meats and TSA plates. No-fan and continuous fan applications, which affected airflow, had no significant effect on settling rates of aerosolized L. monocytogenes and L. innocua in the bioaerosol chamber or L. innocua in the pilot plant study. Listeriae cell numbers in the air decreased rapidly during the first 1.5 h following release, with few to no listeriae detected in the air at 3 h. Aerosol particles with diameters of 1 and 2 μm correlated directly with the number of Listeria cells in the aerosol but not with particles that were 0.3, 0.5, and 5 μm in diameter. Results indicate that L. innocua can be used as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes in an aerosol study.
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Askhatova, Natalia A., Azat M. Alimov, Nadiya R. Kasanova, and Elena Y. Mikryukova. "Retrospective allergy diagnosis of lysteriosis and lysteria carrying in animals." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700054.
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Experimental infections of guinea pigs and rabbits with a sublethal dose of L. monocytogenes pathogen caused an allergic reaction in the form of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTHS), which was detected by an intradermal allergy test with a Listeriose allergen. The status of DTHS in guinea pigs and rabbits was recorded for a longer time as compared to specific antibodies. A positive allergic reaction correlated with listeria, which was confirmed by the isolation of a Listeria culture 6 months after infection of rabbits with a virulent Listeria strain. The research findings showed that an intradermal allergy test with a developed Listeria allergen allows a retrospective diagnosis of Listeriosis and Listeria carrying. A specific feature of Listeria allergen was established through an intradermal provocative test in animals sensitized by heterogeneous microorganisms (Salmonella and E. coli).
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Gray, M. L. "LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES AND LISTERIC INFECTION IN THE DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 98, no. 3 (December 15, 2006): 686–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb30590.x.
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JOHNSON, JENNIFER L., MICHAEL P. DOYLE, and ROBERT G. CASSENS. "Listeria monocytogenes and Other Listeria spp. in Meat and Meat Products A Review." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.1.81.
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Long known as an animal pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes has recently been recognized as a important foodborne agent in human disease. The widespread distribution of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. in nature and an association with domestic livestock makes the occasional presence of these bacteria on raw meats almost unavoidable. Contamination of ready-to-eat meat products with L. monocytogenes poses a special threat to public health because of the organism's ability to grow at refrigeration temperatures and its pathogenicity within certain segments of the population. This paper reviews the prevalence of Listeria spp. in meat and meat products, analyzes the potential for survival and growth of listeriae on fresh meats and during meat processing, and addresses the effect of various meat preservation parameters on L. monocytogenes.
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AZIZ, FAHAD, SUDHEER PENUPOLU, SUJATHA DODI, and Adriana Grigoriu. "LISTERIA PERITONITIS." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 01 (March 10, 2011): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.01.1888.
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One case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) caused by Listeria monocytogenes in cirrhotic patients is reported. In our case, the listeris was isolated from ascites from the asictic fluid. SBP is a serious and common complication of patients with ascites caused by hepatic cirrhosis and the culture of the ascitic fluid is an important tool for the diagnosis and for the more appropriate treatment. Although a third generation cephalosporin has usually been employed for empiric treatment of SBP, it does not provide adequate coverage against Listeria spp. In such cases the use of ampicillin (with or without sulbactam) or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is recommended. The sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim is used for secondary prophylaxis, instead of norfloxacin. To summarize, Listeria monocytogenes infection is a rare cause of SBP, whose treatment should be specific for the bacteria.
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Mukherjee, Krishnendu, Boran Altincicek, Torsten Hain, Eugen Domann, Andreas Vilcinskas, and Trinad Chakraborty. "Galleria mellonella as a Model System for Studying Listeria Pathogenesis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 1 (November 6, 2009): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01301-09.
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ABSTRACT Essential aspects of the innate immune response to microbial infection are conserved between insects and mammals. This has generated interest in using insects as model organisms to study host-microbe interactions. We used the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, which can be reared at 37°C, as a model host for examining the virulence potential of Listeria spp. Here we report that Galleria is an excellent surrogate model of listerial septic infection, capable of clearly distinguishing between pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria strains and even between virulent and attenuated Listeria monocytogenes strains. Virulence required listerial genes hitherto implicated in the mouse infection model and was linked to strong antimicrobial activities in both hemolymph and hemocytes of infected larvae. Following Listeria infection, the expression of immune defense genes such as those for lysozyme, galiomycin, gallerimycin, and insect metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI) was sequentially induced. Preinduction of antimicrobial activity by treatment of larvae with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly improved survival against subsequent L. monocytogenes challenge and strong antilisterial activity was detected in the hemolymph of LPS pretreated larvae. We conclude that the severity of septic infection with L. monocytogenes is modulated primarily by innate immune responses, and we suggest the use of Galleria as a relatively simple, nonmammalian model system that can be used to assess the virulence of strains of Listeria spp. isolated from a wide variety of settings from both the clinic and the environment.
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Nagata, Toshi, Taiki Aoshi, Mina Suzuki, Masato Uchijima, Yeung-Hyen Kim, Zhibo Yang, and Yukio Koide. "Induction of Protective Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes by Immunization with Plasmid DNA Expressing a Helper T-Cell Epitope That Replaces the Class II-Associated Invariant Chain Peptide of the Invariant Chain." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 5 (May 2002): 2676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.5.2676-2680.2002.
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ABSTRACT Listeria epitope-specific helper T (Th) cells were able to be primed and induced in vivo by immunization with a plasmid carrying an invariant chain (Ii) gene whose class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) region was replaced by a Listeria Th epitope. Immunization of C3H/He mice with an Ii-LLO 215-226 plasmid induced specific interferon-γ- and interleukin 2-producing Th cells and conferred significant protective immunity against listerial infection.
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Manjur, Md Shifat E., Shahariar Siddique, and Sangita Ahmed. "Multi-drug resistant pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes in surface water and soil samples of Dhaka city." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2018): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v33i1.39602.
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Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of human listeriosis is widely distributed in nature and a major threat to human health. Aiming to investigate the environmental distribution of this pathogen in Bangladesh, the current study conducted an initial investigation on 30 soil samples and 20 surface water samples for the presence of the pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes. Based on cultural, morphological, biochemical tests and presence of the virulent gene hly, 7 (14%) Listeria monocytogenes were obtained of which, surface water samples contained four Listeria monocytogenes (15%) while, three Listeria spp. (13.33%) were isolated from soil samples. Antibiotic resistance profile of the Listeria isolates showed that 100% isolates were resistant to erythromycin and resistance to oxacillin, ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim and penicillin was 71%, 57%, 43% and 43% respectively. 71% Listeira monocytogenes isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and 100% sensitivity was observed to imipenem. This study shows that multi-drug resistant pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes is widely spread in soil and water samples in Dhaka and imposes great risk to public health.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 33, Number 1-2, June-Dec 2016, pp 39-42
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GRAU, FREDERICK H., and PAUL B. VANDERLINDE. "Occurrence, Numbers, and Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on some Vacuum-Packaged Processed Meats." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.1.4.
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Listeriae were detected on 93 of 175 samples of vacuum-packed processed meats obtained from retail stores. More than 1000 colony forming units of listeriae per g were found on seven of 130 samples in which the numbers of listeriae were estimated. When sliced corned-beef and ham, from four manufacturers, were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and vacuum-packed, the growth rate of the organism varied with the composition of the product. High residual nitrite or lowered aw reduced growth, particularly when products were stored at 0 to 5°C. As the storage temperature increased from 0 to 15°C, the growth rate of L. monocytogenes increased more rapidly than that of the other flora (lactic acid bacteria and Brochothrix thermosphacta). Growth rates on inoculated packs were similar to rates observed for packs contaminated with L. monocytogenes during commercial production.
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LEASOR, SUSAN B., and PEGGY M. FOEGEDING. "Listeria Species in Commercially Broken Raw Liquid Whole Egg1,2." Journal of Food Protection 52, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-52.11.777.
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Commercially broken raw liquid whole egg (LWE) was obtained from 11 processing establishments across the United States on 3 or 4 occasions over an eight-month period. The samples were evaluated for the presence of Listeria species by the FDA, USDA, and cold enrichment procedures. Forty-five Listeria isolates were obtained from 15 of 42 (36%) egg samples. Both the USDA and FDA methods were useful for isolation of Listeria species, resulting in 12 and 8 positive samples, respectively. Six samples were positive by both procedures. Listeria was isolated from one sample by cold enrichment. The most frequently isolated species was L. innocua, which was found in all (15) of the listeriae-positive samples. L. monocytogenes was the only other species isolated and was obtained from 5% (2) of the egg samples. The USDA and FDA procedures each yielded one L. monocytogenes-positive sample. The two L. monocytogenes-positive samples contained estimated populations of 1 and 8 CFU L. monocytogenes/ml and were obtained from the same plant during the spring and early summer sampling times. Twelve (80%) of the 15 Listeria-positive samples were solids-adjusted LWE. Thus, Listeria species, including the psychrotrophic pathogen L. monocytogenes, are present in commercially broken raw LWE.
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Hofer, Ernesto, Rejane Soares do Nascimento, and Marta Antunes de Oliveira. "Meningite por Listeria monocytogenes. Relato de casos em pacientes do Distrito Federal." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 31, no. 2 (April 1998): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821998000200002.
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São descritos os primeiros casos de meningite por Listeria monocytogenes comprovados bacteriologicamente, em pacientes do Distrito Federal. Alguns comentários foram realizados com base nos achados laboratoriais, assim como, sobre certas peculiaridades clínico-epidemiológicas da listeriose humana.
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Nyyssönen, Tuomo, Varpu Hirvelä-Koski, Harri Norberg, and Mauri Nieminen. "Septicaemic listeriosis in reindeer calves – a case report." Rangifer 26, no. 1 (January 28, 2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.26.1.185.
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Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 4 reindeer calves as a nearly pure growth from several internal organs, pointing to a septicaemic form of listeriosis. The calves were born in a calving corral. Silage feeding was considered the most probable source of the infection.Abstract in Finnish / Tiivistelmä:Listeria monocytogenes -bakteerin aiheuttama verenmyrkytys poronvasoilla – tapausselostus Toukokuussa 2005 Suomen poronhoitoalueen kaakkoisosassa sijaitsevassa vasotustarhassa kuoli neljä poronvasaa pian syntymän jälkeen 5-11 päivän ikäisinä. Kaikkien vasojen kuolinsyyksi todettiin Listeria monocytogenes -bakteerin aiheuttama verenmyrkytys. Tartunnan todennäköisin lähde oli vaatimien lisäruokinnassa käytetty säilörehu. Kyseessä on ensimmäinen poronvasoilla todettu Listeria monocytogenes -bakteerin aiheuttama verenmyrkytys Suomessa. Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Tilfelle av sjukdomsfremkallende Listeriabakterie i reinkalver Listeria monocytogenes ble isolert fra 4 reinkalver som en nesten ren vekst fra flere indre organer, noe som antyder en sykdomsfremkallende form av listeriose. Kalvene nedkom i en kalveinnhegning, og man antok at dårlig silofôr var smittekilden.
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Tilney, L. G., D. J. DeRosier, A. Weber, and M. S. Tilney. "How Listeria exploits host cell actin to form its own cytoskeleton. II. Nucleation, actin filament polarity, filament assembly, and evidence for a pointed end capper." Journal of Cell Biology 118, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.118.1.83.
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After Listeria, a bacterium, is phagocytosed by a macrophage, it dissolves the phagosomal membrane and enters the cytoplasm. The Listeria than nucleates actin filaments from its surface. These newly assembled actin filaments show unidirectional polarity with their barbed ends associated with the surface of the Listeria. Using actin concentrations below the pointed end critical concentration we find that filament elongation must be occurring by monomers adding to the barbed ends, the ends associated with the Listerial surface. If Listeria with tails are incubated in G actin under polymerizing conditions, the Listeria is translocated away from its preformed tail by the elongation of filaments attached to the Listeria. This experiment and others tell us that in vivo filament assembly must be tightly coupled to filament capping and cross-bridging so that if one process outstrips another, chaos ensues. We also show that the actin filaments in the tail are capped on their pointed ends which inhibits further elongation and/or disassembly in vitro. From these results we suggest a simple picture of how Listeria competes effectively for host cell actin. When Listeria secretes a nucleator, the host's actin subunits polymerize into a filament. Host cell machinery terminate the assembly leaving a short filament. Listeria overcomes the host control by nucleating new filaments and thus many short filaments assemble. The newest filaments push existing ones into a growing tail. Thus the competition is between nucleation of filaments caused by Listeria and the filament terminators produced by the host.
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MEHTA, ANUJ, and SITA R. TATINI. "An Evaluation of the Microbiological Safety of Reduced-Fat Cheddar-like Cheese." Journal of Food Protection 57, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-57.9.776.
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This study was carried out to investigate microbiological safety of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. This was done by studying the behavior of two strains of Listeria monocytogenes, (Scott A-4b and V7-1a) and two species of the genus Salmonella, (Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella senftenberg) during manufacture and aging of reduced or low-fat stirred curd Cheddar cheese made from milk containing 1.5 to 2.0% fat. The fat content of reduced-fat cheeses was between 20.03 and 21.13% while that of control cheeses was between 28.11 and 30.41%. Listeriae declined slowly in both cheeses and their rate of decline was not affected by fat reduction. During the 20-week aging period, the average (3 trials) log10 colony forming units (CFU)/g decline in Listeria population was 0.84 in control cheese and 0.62 in reduced-fat cheese. During the same period, the average log10 CFU/g decline in Salmonella population was 4.81 in control cheese and 5.16 in reduced-fat cheese. Salmonellae were affected by fat reduction, and during the entire aging period their population was lower in reduced-fat cheese than in control cheese. Thus, reduction of fat in the dry matter of cheese from 48 to 36% had no effect on listeriae but salmonellae declined faster in reduced-fat stirred curd Cheddar cheese.
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Leroy, Frédéric, Kristoff Lievens, and Luc De Vuyst. "Modeling Bacteriocin Resistance and Inactivation of Listeria innocua LMG 13568 by Lactobacillus sakei CTC 494 under Sausage Fermentation Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 11 (November 2005): 7567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.11.7567-7570.2005.
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ABSTRACT In mixed cultures, bacteriocin production by the sausage isolate Lactobacillus sakei CTC 494 rapidly inactivated sensitive Listeria innocua LMG 13568 cells, even at low bacteriocin activity levels. A small fraction of the listerial population was bacteriocin resistant. However, sausage fermentation conditions inhibited regrowth of resistant cells.
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Wood, Laurence M., Patrick D. Guirnalda, Matthew M. Seavey, and Yvonne Paterson. "Cancer immunotherapy using Listeria monocytogenes and listerial virulence factors." Immunologic Research 42, no. 1-3 (October 2008): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12026-008-8087-0.
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GIRAFFA, GIORGIO, DOMENICO CARMINATI, and GIOVANNA TORRI TARELLI. "Inhibition of Listeria innocua in Milk by Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus faecium 7C5." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 621–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.6.621.
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Enterococcus faecium 7C5 produces a bacteriocin active against Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua. In co-cultures of the strain 7C5 with a thermophilic starter, which was composed of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, the acidifying activity of the latter was not affected. In contrast, the rate of bacteriocin production was lower when compared with the pure culture of strain 7C5. In co-cultures of L. innocua CNRZ LIN 11 with the thermophilic starter or with strain 7C5, a bacteriostatic effect on Listeria growth was observed. In the co-culture of L. innocua with both strain 7C5 and the thermophilic starter, a complete listerial inhibition occurred. The combined inhibitory effect of the pH decrease and bacteriocin production, which were shown to be synergistic, was demonstrated both at 37°C and under temperature conditions reproducing the first 24 h of a soft-cheese technology. This data substantially supported the potential of using bacteriocin-producing strains as a culture adjunct to inhibit Listeria during cheese manufacturing.
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Joyce, Susan A., and Cormac G. M. Gahan. "Molecular pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes in the alternative model host Galleria mellonella." Microbiology 156, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 3456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.040782-0.
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Larvae of Galleria mellonella, the greater wax moth, provide an alternative infection model for many human pathogens as they are amenable to use at elevated incubation temperatures (37 °C). This study and a parallel study by Mukherjee et al. [Mukherjee, K., Altincicek, B., Hain, T., Domann, E., Vilcinskas, A. & Chakraborty, T. (2010). Appl Environ Microbiol 76, 310–317] establish this insect host as an appropriate model to investigate the pathogenesis of Listeria species. In this study we show that inoculation with Listeria monocytogenes initiates a dynamic infection in G. mellonella and that production of the cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO) is necessary for toxicity and bacterial growth. Production of LLO by the non-pathogenic species Lactococcus lactis is sufficient to induce mortality in the insect model. We employed real-time bioluminescence imaging to examine the dynamics of listerial growth and virulence gene expression in the G. mellonella model. Analysis of lux promoter fusions demonstrated significant induction of virulence gene expression upon introduction of the pathogen into insects at both 30 and 37 °C. The host response to listerial infection was examined which demonstrated that haemocyte destruction accompanies L. monocytogenes pathogenesis and is preceded by activation of the phenoloxidase system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Listeria innocua is pathogenic to G. mellonella through a persistence mechanism that implicates an alternative mechanism for pathogenicity in this model.
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Wei, Pengxu, Ruixue Bao, and Yubo Fan. "Brainstem Encephalitis Caused by Listeria monocytogenes." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2020): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090715.
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International outbreaks of listerial infections have become more frequent in recent years. Listeria monocytogenes, which usually contaminates food, can cause potentially fatal infections. Listerial cerebritis is a rare disease that is encountered mostly in immunocompromised or elderly patients. However, listerial brainstem encephalitis (mesenrhombencephalitis or rhombencephalitis) is found in persons who were formerly in good health, and recognizing this disease, particularly at its early stages, is challenging. Listerial brainstem encephalitis has high mortality, and serious sequelae are frequently reported in survivors. Early recognition and correct diagnosis, as well as the timely use of appropriate antibiotics, can reduce the severity of listerial infections. The trigeminal nerve is proposed as a pathway through which L. monocytogenes reaches the brainstem after entering damaged oropharyngeal mucosa or periodontal tissues. This review introduces the clinical manifestations, pathology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, diagnosis, and treatment of listerial brainstem encephalitis. Moreover, it proposes that L. monocytogenes may also invade the brainstem along the vagus nerve after it infects enteric neurons in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Hiromatsu, K., Y. Yoshikai, G. Matsuzaki, S. Ohga, K. Muramori, K. Matsumoto, J. A. Bluestone, and K. Nomoto. "A protective role of gamma/delta T cells in primary infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice." Journal of Experimental Medicine 175, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.175.1.49.
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We have previously reported that T cells bearing T cell receptors (TCRs) of gamma/delta type appear at a relatively early stage of primary infection with Listeria monocytogenes in mice. To characterize the early-appearing gamma/delta T cells during listeriosis, we analyzed the specificity and cytokine production of the gamma/delta T cells in the peritoneal cavity in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose of L. monocytogenes. The early-appearing gamma/delta T cells, most of which were of CD4-CD8- phenotype, proliferated and secreted IFN-gamma and macrophage chemotactic factor in response to purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or recombinant 65-kD heat-shock protein derived from M. bovis but not to heat-killed Listeria. To further elucidate the potential role of the gamma/delta T cells in the host-defense mechanism against primary infection with Listeria, we examined the effects of in vivo administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against TCR-gamma/delta or TCR-alpha/beta on the bacterial eradication in mice infected with Listeria. Most of alpha/beta T cells or gamma/delta T cells were depleted in the peripheral lymphoid organs at least for 12 d after an intraperitoneal injection of 200 micrograms TCR-alpha/beta mAb or 200 micrograms TCR-gamma/delta mAb, respectively. An exaggerated bacterial multiplication was evident at the early stage of listerial infection in the gamma/delta T cells-depleted mice, whereas the alpha/beta T cell-depleted mice exhibited much the same resistance level as the control mice at this stage although the resistance was severely impaired at the late stage after listerial infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Sibelius, Ulf, Eva-Cathrin Schulz, Frank Rose, Katja Hattar, Thomas Jacobs, Siegfried Weiss, Trinad Chakraborty, Werner Seeger, and Friedrich Grimminger. "Role of Listeria monocytogenes Exotoxins Listeriolysin and Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C in Activation of Human Neutrophils." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.3.1125-1130.1999.
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ABSTRACT Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are essential for resolution of infections with Listeria monocytogenes. The present study investigated the role of the listerial exotoxins listeriolysin (LLO) and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PlcA) in human neutrophil activation. Different Listeria strains, mutated in individual virulence genes, as well as purified LLO were used. Coincubation of human neutrophils with wild-type L. monocytogenes provoked PMN activation, occurring independently of phagocytosis events, with concomitant elastase secretion, leukotriene generation, platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis, respiratory burst, and enhanced phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Degranulation and leukotriene formation were noted to be solely dependent on LLO expression, as these features were absent when the LLO-defective mutant EGD− and the avirulent strain L. innocua were used. These effects were fully reproduced by a recombinant L. innocuastrain expressing LLO (INN+) and by the purified LLO molecule. LLO secretion was also required for PAF synthesis. However, wild-typeL. monocytogenes was more potent in eliciting PAF formation than mutants expressing LLO, suggesting the involvement of additional virulence factors. This was even more obvious for phosphoinositide hydrolysis and respiratory burst: these events were provoked not only by INN+ but also by the LLO-defective mutant EGD− and by a recombinantL. innocua strain producing listerial PlcA. We conclude that human neutrophils react to extracellularly provided listerial exotoxins by rapid cell activation. Listeriolysin is centrally involved in triggering degranulation and lipid mediator generation, and further virulence factors such as PlcA apparently contribute to trigger neutrophil phosphoinositide hydrolysis and respiratory burst. In this way, listerial exotoxins may influence the host defense against infections with L. monocytogenes.
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ZHAO, TONG, TERESA C. PODTBURG, PING ZHAO, DONG CHEN, DAVID A. BAKER, BRUCE CORDS, and MICHAEL P. DOYLE. "Reduction by Competitive Bacteria of Listeria monocytogenes in Biofilms and Listeria Bacteria in Floor Drains in a Ready-to-Eat Poultry Processing Plant." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-323.
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The ability of Listeria monocytogenes and two competitive exclusion (CE) bacteria, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain C-1-92 and Enterococcus durans strain 152, to form biofilms on coupons composed of different materials (stainless steel, plastic, rubber, glass, and silicone) was determined at 4 and 8°C. Biofilm characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy. L. monocytogenes produced well-formed biofilms within 24 h at 37°C on coupon surfaces. Treating Listeria-laden biofilms with the CE isolates individually at either 4 or 8°C for 3 weeks substantially reduced or eliminated listeriae in the biofilms. Treatment with L. lactis subsp. lactis strain C-1-92 and E. durans strain 152 at 4°C for 3 weeks reduced the population of L. monocytogenes in a biofilm from 7.1 to 7.7 log CFU/cm2 to 3.0 to 4.5 log CFU/cm2 and to 3.1 to 5.2 log CFU/cm2, respectively, and treatment at 8°C for 3 weeks reduced L. monocytogenes from 7.5 to 8.3 log CFU/cm2 to 2.4 to 3.5 log CFU/cm2 and to 3.8 to 5.2 log CFU/cm2, respectively, depending on the coupon composition. These two CE isolates were combined and evaluated for control of Listeria bacteria in floor drains of a ready-to-eat poultry processing plant. The results revealed that treating the floor drains with CE four times in the first week eliminated detectable Listeria bacteria from five of six drains, and the drains remained free of detectable Listeria bacteria for 13 weeks following the first four treatments. These studies indicate that CE can effectively reduce Listeria contamination in biofilms and in flow drains of a plant producing ready-to-eat poultry products.
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Silva, Wladimir Padilha da, Andréia Saldanha de Lima, Eliezer Ávila Gandra, Márcia Ribeiro de Araújo, Márcia Raquel Pegoraro de Macedo, and Eduarda Hallal Duval. "Listeria spp. no processamento de lingüiça frescal em frigoríficos de Pelotas, RS, Brasil." Ciência Rural 34, no. 3 (June 2004): 911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782004000300039.
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Alimentos intensamente manipulados, como as lingüiças mistas do tipo frescal são freqüentemente responsáveis pela veiculação de enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos. Devido ao risco à saúde pública que a bactéria Listeria monocytogenes representa, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a presença de Listeria spp., em especial de L. monocytogenes, durante o processamento de lingüiças mistas do tipo frescal, em três frigoríficos com inspeção sanitária estadual, em Pelotas-RS. Para isso, analisou-se a matéria-prima utilizada no preparo da lingüiça, os equipamentos da linha de processamento e o produto final. Isolou-se Listeria spp. em 100% das 41 amostras analisadas, nos 3 estabelecimentos estudados. Dentre as diferentes espécies, L. innocua foi aquela isolada com maior freqüência, em 97,6% das amostras, seguida por L. monocytogenes em 29,3% e L. welshimeri em 24,4%. A presença destes microrganismos nas amostras analisadas, em especial no produto final, demonstra a necessidade de readequação nas práticas de limpeza e sanificação das plantas de processamento analisadas, bem como representa risco potencial de listeriose ao consumidor.
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Degenhardt, Roberto, and Fernanda Cavali Da silva. "Pesquisa de Listeria monocytogenes em sorvetes expresso e de buffet comercializados na cidade de Joaçaba, Santa Catarina – Brasil." Revista E-Tech: Tecnologias para Competitividade Industrial - ISSN - 1983-1838 4, no. 1 (November 11, 2011): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18624/e-tech.v4i1.147.
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Listeria monocytogenes é o patógeno causador da listeriose, e encontra nos neonatos, mulheres grávidas, idosos e pessoas imunodeprimidas seu grupo de risco. Essa bactéria pode estar presente nos alimentos, mesmo os em estado de refrigeração, onde pode sobreviver e se multiplicar. O sorvete é um alimento obtido através de uma mistura de leite e outros ingredientes, que podem sofrem contaminações de ordem microbiológica. Diante dessa possibilidade, este estudo foi realizado para verificar a contaminação por Listeria monocytogenes em sorvetes comercializados em sete estabelecimentos no município de Joaçaba, SC. Foram coletadas 32 amostras de sorvetes, 16 servidas em buffet e 16 do tipo expresso, nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2009. Foi observado um índice de contaminação por bactérias do gênero Listeria de 25,44%, sendo 9,8% L. monocytogenes, 6,25% L. ivanovii, 3,13% L. welshimeri. L. innocua foi detectada simultaneamente com L. grayi em uma amostra (3,13%), e L. grayi ocorreu isoladamente em uma outra amostra (3,13%). Os dados demonstraram um alto índice de presença do gênero Listeria, sobretudo nos sorvetes servidos em buffet, merecendo maior atenção dos comerciantes e autoridades de vigilância com relação às condições higiênico-sanitárias durante a comercialização.
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Kirinus, Jackeline Karsten, Carina Krewer, Diego Zeni, Fernanda Monego, Marcia Cristina da Silva, Glaucia Denise Kommers, and Agueda Castagna de Vargas. "Surto de listeriose sistêmica em chinchilas." Ciência Rural 40, no. 3 (March 2010): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782010000300033.
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A listeriose é uma doença infecciosa que afeta uma grande variedade de espécies animais, causando septicemia, encefalite e aborto. As chinchilas são os animais mais susceptíveis à infecção sistêmica por Listeria monocytogenes. Este relato descreve um surto de listeriose sistêmica em uma criação de chinchilas da região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, onde cerca de 16% das chinchilas morreram. Na necropsia, havia múltiplos focos brancos, pequenos e de distribuição aleatória nas superfícies capsular e de corte do fígado e aumento de volume do linfonodo hepático. Histologicamente, observaram-se hepatite necrossupurativa e linfadenite supurativa multifocais, com numerosos bacilos intralesionais. L. monocytogenes foi o agente etiológico do surto de listeriose sistêmica, sendo o diagnóstico confirmado por meio das lesões de necropsia e histopatológicas, das características fenotípicas e genotípicas da bactéria e da técnica de imuno-histoquímica.
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Stefanovic, Aleksandra, James Reid, A. Celine Nadon, and Jennifer Grant. "Potential Nosocomial Acquisition of EpidemicListeria monocytogenesPresenting as Multiple Brain Abscesses Resembling Nocardiosis." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 21, no. 1 (2010): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/812648.
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Listerial brain abscesses are rare, and are found mostly in patients with underlying hematological malignancies or solid-organ transplants. A case of a patient with Crohn’s disease and multiple brain abscesses involving the left cerebellum and right sylvian fissure is described. The Gram stain and histopathology of the cerebellar abscess revealed Gram-positive, beaded rods suggestive ofNocardia. However, on culture,Listeria monocytogeneswas identified.Listeriamay appear Gram-variable and has been misidentified as streptococci, enterococci and diphtheroids. The present case is the first reported case ofL monocytogenesresemblingNocardiaon both microbiological and histopathological assessment. Reported cases of listerial brain abscesses are sporadic, while the current case was part of a nationwide listerial outbreak linked to consumption of contaminated deli meats. Broad antimicrobial therapy (including antilisterial coverage) in immunosuppressed patients presenting with brain abscess is crucial, until cultures confirm the identification of the organism.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekseevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "LISTER Joseph (1827-1912). To the 190th of the birthday." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 2 (September 23, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-2-175.
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Joseph Lister – the largest English surgeon and scientist, the founder of antiseptics, President of the Royal society of surgeons, a member of the house of lords. Joseph Lister was born on 5 apr 1827 in England. In 1844 he graduated from high school, and in 1852, the medical faculty of the University of London and was appointed resident assistant College University hospital. The first scientific work of Lister was published in 1852 and was dedicated to the structure of the iris of the eye and its muscles. Soon Lister began working in the clinic of Professor George. Syme in Edinburgh and published lectures, devoted primarily to ophthalmology. In 1855 he became a member of the Royal College of surgeons and is a Professor in the George. Saimaa. In 1858 Lister became a surgeon of the Royal hospital in Edinburgh and at the same time began to read a course of surgery at the University. On 9 March 1860 he was appointed Professor of surgery in Glasgow. In 1867 in the journal "Lancet" published articles Lister, in which he argued the idea that wound infection is called a living beginning, introduced from the outside; was presented to combat surgical infection, comprising treating hand surgeon, surgical field and instruments, disinfection of the air by atomization of a solution of carbolic acid. In 1869 Lister was transferred to the surgical clinic in Edinburgh, and in 1877 he was given the chair of clinical surgery at king's College London. In 1884 Joseph Lister was given the title of baronet, from 1895 to 1900 he was President of the Royal society of surgeons; in 1897 appointed a member of the house of lords. In 1892 he was 65 years old and, according to the law, he had to leave the Department at the Royal College. Joseph Lister was made an honorary member of numerous universities and scientific societies, was awarded the Royal medal (1880), medal of Comenius (1877), albert (1894), Copley (1902); the order of merit (1902). Died Joseph Lister, on 10 February 1912 in Walmer. In honor of Joseph Lister has been named a genus of bacteria Listeria (Listeria), he is on the English postage stamp, issued in 1966.
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Bierne, Hélène, and Pascale Cossart. "Listeria monocytogenes Surface Proteins: from Genome Predictions to Function." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 71, no. 2 (June 2007): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00039-06.
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SUMMARY The genome of the human food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is predicted to encode a high number of surface proteins. This abundance likely reflects the ability of this bacterium to survive in diverse environments, including soil, food, and the human host. This review focuses on the various mechanisms by which listerial proteins are attached at the bacterial surface and their many functions, including peptidoglycan metabolism, protein processing, adhesion to host cells, and invasion of host tissues. Extensive in silico analysis of the domains or motifs present in these mosaic proteins reveals that diverse structural features allow the surface proteome to interact with diverse bacterial or host components. This diversity offers new clues about the molecular bases of Listeria pathogenesis.
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PETERSON, LUKE D., NANCY G. FAITH, and CHARLES J. CZUPRYNSKI. "Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes F2365 Cells to Synthetic Gastric Fluid Is Greater following Growth on Ready-to-Eat Deli Turkey Meat Than in Brain Heart Infusion Broth." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 2589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.11.2589.
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Ready-to-eat (RTE) deli meats have been categorized as high-risk foods for contraction of foodborne listeriosis. Several recent listeriosis outbreaks have been associated with the consumption of RTE deli turkey meat. In this study, we examined whether the growth of Listeria monocytogenes F2365 on commercially prepared RTE deli turkey meat causes listerial cells to become more resistant to inactivation by synthetic gastric fluid (SGF). Listerial cells grown on turkey meat to late logarithmic–early stationary phase were significantly more resistant to SGF at pH 7.0, 5.0, or 3.5 than listerial cells grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The pH was lower in the fluid in packages of turkey meat than in BHI broth (6.5 versus 7.5). However, listerial cells grown in BHI broth adjusted to a lower pH (6.0) did not exhibit enhanced resistance to SGF. The lesser resistance to SGF of listerial cells grown in BHI broth may be due, in part, to the presence of glucose (0.2%). This study indicates the environment presented by the growth of L. monocytogenes on deli turkey meat affects its ability to survive conditions it encounters in the gastrointestinal tract.
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D'Orazio, Sarah E. F., Marisela Velasquez, Nadia R. Roan, Olaia Naveiras-Torres, and Michael N. Starnbach. "TheListeria monocytogenes lemA Gene Product Is Not Required forIntracellular Infection or To Activate fMIGWII-Specific TCells." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 12 (December 2003): 6721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.12.6721-6727.2003.
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ABSTRACT Clearance of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes requires antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Recently it was shown that activation of class Ib major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted CD8+ T cells alone is sufficient for immune protection against listeriae. A major component of the class Ib MHC-restricted T-cell response is T cells that recognize formylated peptide antigens presented by M3 molecules. Although three N-formylated peptides derived from L. monocytogenes are known to bind to M3 molecules, fMIGWII is the immunodominant epitope presented by M3 during infection of mice. The source of fMIGWII peptide is the L. monocytogenes lemA gene, which encodes a 30-kDa protein of unknown function. In this report, we describe the generation of two L. monocytogenes lemA deletion mutants. We show that lemA is not required for growth of listeriae in tissue culture cells or for virulence during infection of mice. Surprisingly, we found that fMIGWII-specific T cells were still primed following infection with lemA mutant listeriae, suggesting that L. monocytogenes contains at least one additional antigen that is cross-reactive with the fMIGWII epitope. This cross-reactive antigen appears to be a small protease-resistant molecule that is secreted by L. monocytogenes.
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Yu, Wei Ling, Hanhong Dan, and Min Lin. "Novel protein targets of the humoral immune response to Listeria monocytogenes infection in rabbits." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46977-0.
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The role of the humoral immune response in protective immunity against listerial infection has been overlooked and is essentially unknown. This study aimed to discover the protein targets of Listeria monocytogenes that elicit an antibody response following infection in a rabbit model. A genomic expression library for L. monocytogenes was constructed and differentially screened to identify genes encoding proteins that reacted with antiserum from rabbits infected with live L. monocytogenes serotype 4b (RαL), but not with that from animals immunized with heat-killed bacteria (RαK). Thirty-one clones expressing proteins that reacted exclusively with RαL were identified and sequenced. Sequence analysis, together with Western blot analysis of the proteins expressed from positive clones, led to the identification of eight L. monocytogenes proteins as targets of humoral immune responses during listerial infection: three internalin members (InlA, InlD and InlC2) and five novel proteins of unknown function (designated IspA, IspB, IspC, IspD and IspE, respectively). Exhibition of humoral immune responses to these proteins in actively infected rabbits but not in animals receiving heat-killed L. monocytogenes suggested that they were induced or significantly upregulated in vivo during infection and thus are important in Listeria pathogenesis. With the exception of antibodies to InlA, this is the first demonstration of antibodies to the other seven proteins in infected hosts. These immunogenic proteins may be useful candidates for elucidation of the role of antibodies in protective immunity in the context of listerial infection, as well as potential targets for serodiagnostic reagents and vaccine and drug development.
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Ribeiro, L. A. O., N. C. Rodrigues, L. C. B. Fallavena, S. J. Oliveira, and M. A. Brito. "Listeriose em rebanho de ovinos leiteiros na região serrana do Rio Grande do Sul: relato de caso." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 58, no. 3 (June 2006): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352006000300005.
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Relatam-se dois casos de listeriose ocorridos em ovinos leiteiros da raça Lacaune, mantidos em confinamento e alimentados com silagem de milho. O exame histológico do tecido nervoso mostrou meningoencefalite supurada, e a imunoistoquímica foi positiva para Listeria monocytogenes com isolamento da bactéria do tecido nervoso. Enfatiza-se a ocorrência dessa enfermidade em ovinos leiteiros que apresentavam lesões na cavidade oral e eram alimentados com silagem de baixa qualidade.
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Richardson, Ruth, and Bryan Rhodes. "Joseph Lister's first operation." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 67, no. 4 (June 26, 2013): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2013.0033.
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Joseph Lister was still a medical student in 1851 when he served as house surgeon at University College Hospital, London, under John Erichsen. Here we report the first major operation that Lister accomplished, hitherto apparently missed by biographers. We chart his exemplary dealings with an emergency case of eviscerating stab wound in a woman brought to casualty at night, when he had been in post for less than a month. The case demonstrates Lister's fundamental competence at an early stage in his training. We outline the context of debate and controversy over the repair of lacerated gut at the time, and argue that Lister's period at University College London was profoundly formative.
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PICCININ, DORIS M., and LEORA A. SHELEF. "Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Cottage Cheese." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.2.128.
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Most studies on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes in cheeses have focused on the soft, ripened types because of human listeriosis outbreaks linked to consumption of these foods, while observations in cottage cheese are limited and conflicting. Fresh market cottage cheese samples with and without sorbate, purchased in the United States and Canada, respectively, were contaminated with L. monocytogenes strain Scott A (103 CFU/g). Mean total plate counts/g, log10, in the fresh U.S. and Canadian cheeses were 3.54 and 5.22, respectively. After 24 days at 5°C, the respective numbers were 3.51 and 6.27. Mean pH values in the U.S. cheeses at freshness and after 24 days were 5.05 and 5.03, respectively, and values in the Canadian cheese were 4.89 and 4.77. Increases of >3 logs in cell numbers were seen at temperature abuse (10 and 20°C) in all cheese samples, although sorbate-containing cheese spoiled at a slower rate and samples were free of visible surface mold growth even after 21 days. Cottage cheese did not support growth of L. monocytogenes at any of the storage temperatures, and declines (0.35 and 0.81 log10, in sorbate-free and sorbate-containing cheese, respectively) were seen after 24 days at 5°C. Treatment with 3% sodium or calcium lactate did not affect listerial cell numbers. These findings demonstrate that sorbates in cottage cheese are effective as preservatives but not as antilisterials. Persistence of listeriae in cottage cheese emphasizes the need to prevent contamination during manufacturing and storage.
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Sleator, Roy D., Jeroen Wouters, Cormac G. M. Gahan, Tjakko Abee, and Colin Hill. "Analysis of the Role of OpuC, an Osmolyte Transport System, in Salt Tolerance and Virulence Potential of Listeria monocytogenes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 2692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.6.2692-2698.2001.
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ABSTRACT The success of Listeria monocytogenes as a food-borne pathogen owes much to its ability to survive a variety of stresses, both in the external environment prior to ingestion and subsequently within the animal host. Growth at high salt concentrations and low temperatures is attributed mainly to the accumulation of organic solutes such as glycine betaine and carnitine. We utilized a novel system for generating chromosomal mutations (based on a lactococcal pWVO1-derived Ori+ RepA− vector, pORI19) to identify a listerial OpuC homologue. Mutating the operon in two strains of L. monocytogenes revealed significant strain variation in the observed activity of OpuC. Radiolabeled osmolyte uptake studies, together with growth experiments in defined media, linked OpuC to carnitine and glycine betaine uptake inListeria. We also investigated the role of OpuC in contributing to the growth and survival of Listeria in an animal (murine) model of infection. Altering OpuC resulted in a significant reduction in the ability of Listeria to colonize the upper small intestine and cause subsequent systemic infection following peroral inoculation.
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Zimmer, C., E. Neuen-Jacob, E. Möbius, M. Benn, and W. Wechsler. "Listeria monocytogenes - Ein ungewöhnlicher Fall einer Listerien-Enzephalitis bei einem gesunden erwachsenen Patienten." Aktuelle Neurologie 16, no. 03 (June 1989): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1020593.
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Silva, Luiz Jancintho da, Mariângela R. Resende, William B. de Abreu, Fransisco H. Aoki, Raquel B. S. Bocatto, Maria Luiza Moretti Branchinni, Fernando Lopes Gonçales Jr., et al. "Listeriosis and AIDS: case report and literature review." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 34, no. 5 (October 1992): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651992000500016.
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Listeriosis is a not uncommon infection in humans, usually associated with immunodeficient states and with newborns. However, relatively few cases have been reported in HIV-infected patients. This scarcity of reported cases has aroused interest in the association of listerosis and AIDS. In this paper we present a case of meningitis and septicemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a female patient with AIDS. A review of recent medical literature indicates that association of listeriosis and AIDS may be more common than it seems. Recent research in host-parasite interaction in listerial infection suggests an important role for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and for integralin, a bacterial protein, in modulating listerial disease in AIDS patients. Inadequate diagnosis may be in part responsible for the scarcity of reports.
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Azenha, Nicolle Ramos de Moraes, and Marcos Vinícius Mendes Silva. "Contaminação por L. Monocytogenes em queijo / Contamination by L. Monocytogenes in cheese." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 4, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 2556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv4n2-080.
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A Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) é uma bactéria de origem alimentar muito resistente, sendo capaz de sobreviver a altas concentrações de sal e até mesmo sob refrigeração. Além disso, ela é capaz de formar biofilmes e se espalhar facilmente pelo ambiente, proporcionando a contaminação cruzada e mesmo não sendo uma das principais causadoras de doenças transmitidas por alimentos, a listeriose é uma das principais causas de óbito quando nos referimos a essa categoria de doenças e por isso foi feita uma revisão de literatura. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo ressaltar a importância do diagnóstico correto e notificação da listeriose no Brasil, a fim de salientar a importância do controle rigoroso dos produtos alimentícios. Utilizou-se o Diário Oficial da União, a ferramenta de pesquisa “Google Acadêmico” com as palavras-chave “Listeriose”, “Queijo” e “Listeria”, e livros como “Modern Food Microbiology” e “The Microbiology of Safe Food”. O queijo meia-cura é produzido de forma artesanal, com leite cru, sem as boas práticas de fabricação que incluem processos higiênicos-sanitários para o preparo, armazenamento e acondicionamento, além disso ele não tem um padrão para o tempo de cura e consequentemente a AW varia muito entre eles. Cerca de 40% dos produtores de queijo brasileiros produzem queijo artesanal, considerando a importância econômica e cultural que esses queijos representam para o país, foi criado o selo “Arte” que permite a comercialização desses queijos entre os estados do país e os produtores só podem ser fiscalizados e inspecionados sob caráter orientativo. Durante a revisão foi possível identificar que vários países possuem dados de notificação de listeriose e dos índices de mortalidade, visando um controle mais detalhado sob a doença. Além disso, o queijo é de suma importância para a economia do Brasil e do Mundo, e os brasileiros apreciam muito as características organolépticas dos produtos artesanais evidenciadas no queijo meia-cura. Vale ressaltar, que este queijo é fabricado sem padronização e fiscalização adequada. Conclui-se que o queijo meia-cura oferece risco para a população que pode apresentar a forma grave e invasiva da listeriose, levando ao óbito.
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Beretich, Guy R., Philip B. Carter, and Edward A. Havell. "Roles for Tumor Necrosis Factor and Gamma Interferon in Resistance to Enteric Listeriosis." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 2368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.5.2368-2373.1998.
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ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes normally infects the host by translocating from the intestinal lumen. Experiments were carried out to determine if, when, and where tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) function in antibacterial resistance during enteric listeriosis. Groups of normal mice and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were injected with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for each cytokine and then inoculated intragastrically with L. monocytogenes. The course of infection was monitored by enumerating listeriae in gut-associated lymphoid tissues, livers, and spleens. By the third day of infection, bacterial numbers in infected tissues and organs were greatly exacerbated in all mice treated with anti-TNF MAb, whereas bacterial numbers in the organs of mice treated with anti-IFN-γ MAb did not differ from those present in the respective organs of control mice. However, by the fifth day of infection, bacterial numbers in the organs of anti-IFN-γ MAb-treated normal mice and SCID mice were much greater than in the corresponding organs of control mice. Experiments withListeria-immune mice revealed that TNF and IFN-γ are involved in the expression of anti-Listeria memory immunity; however, it was also found that the anti-IFN-γ MAb was relatively ineffective in inhibiting the expression of anti-Listeria immunity, whereas a polyclonal anti-IFN-γ was quite effective.
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Vasconcelos, Rafaela Moledo de, and Victor Augustus Marin. "Listeria Monocytogenes em queijo minas frescal e critérios para a avaliação de risco." Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional 15, no. 2 (February 4, 2015): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/san.v15i2.1815.
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Das espécies de Listeria, a Listeria monocytogenes é considerada patogênica, causando a listeriose. Surtos têm sido associados à ingestão de produtos lácteos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os critérios para avaliação de risco de L. monocytogenes em queijo minas frescal. A maior parte da literatura estudada aborda os alimentos prontos para o consumo, originados de leite e alguns de seus derivados. Por isso, foi feito um levantamento das informações necessárias para avaliação de risco em queijo minas frescal, seguindo as etapas: identificação do perigo, caracterização do perigo, avaliação da exposição e caracterização do risco. Foi verificado um escasso acervo literário sobre avaliação de risco de L. monocytogenes em queijo minas frescal, mostrando a necessidade de um estudo mais específico com queijos provenientes de vários Estados brasileiros, por este ser um tema de importância para a saúde pública.
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AOUAJ, Y., L. SPANJAARD, N. VAN LEEUWEN, and J. DANKERT. "Listeria monocytogenes meningitis: serotype distribution and patient characteristics in The Netherlands, 1976–95." Epidemiology and Infection 128, no. 3 (June 2002): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802006969.
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Two hundred and seven cases of listeria meningitis that occurred in The Netherlands over 20 years were reviewed to study associations between Listeria monocytogenes serotype, age, underlying disease, and outcome. The mean annual incidence per 100000 population was 0·12 in 1981–90, decreasing to 0·07 in 1991–5. Underlying disease was present in 50% of non-neonatal patients, most often haematological malignancy (15%) and the use of immunosuppressive therapy (14%). The meningitis-related case fatality rate was 16%; a significantly higher rate was associated with the presence of underlying disease (30%) or age [ges ]70 years (29%). Serotype 4b was most frequent (65%) and L. monocytogenes types 1/2a, 1/2b, or 1/2c (30% of cases) were significantly more often isolated from non-neonatal patients with underlying disease, suggesting a higher virulence of listerial serotype 4b.
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Appelberg, Rui, and Irene S. Leal. "Mutants of Listeria monocytogenes Defective in In Vitro Invasion and Cell-to-Cell Spreading Still Invade and Proliferate in Hepatocytes of Neutropenic Mice." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 912–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.2.912-914.2000.
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ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes mutants defective in theactA gene, the plcB gene, and theinlA and inlB genes were less virulent when injected intravenously into BALB/c mice. The growth of these strains as well as of the virulent wild-type strains was increased by treating mice with a neutrophil-specific depleting monoclonal antibody, RB6-8C5. Histologic examination of the livers of the treated animals showed intrahepatocytic proliferation of the listeriae in all cases. Our data show that more than one pathway exists that allows L. monocytogenes to invade parenchymal cells. One pathway most likely involves the actA and plcB gene products, and a second one probably involves the internalins.