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1
Song, Chaoqun. "Three Operational Modes of Back-door Listing in China." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 11, no. 3 (2023): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v11i3.13214.
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Backdoor listing refers to a transaction in which an acquiring company purchases a listed company and changes its main business. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the three operation modes for backdoor listing in China: reverse acquisition, agreement acquisition, and three-party cooperative acquisition. It discusses the advantages, disadvantages, transaction structure and compliance with the backdoor listing criteria defined by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). The acquirer should consider the risks and benefits of each mode based on relevant legal provisions and regulations. Regulatory authorities, on the other hand, should use these provisions and regulations as screening tools to identify transactions that may pose serious risks to the capital market.
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Dixon, Graham, and Austin Hubner. "Neutralizing the Effect of Political Worldviews by Communicating Scientific Agreement: A Thought-Listing Study." Science Communication 40, no. 3 (2018): 393–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1075547018769907.
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Messages emphasizing scientific agreement are increasingly used to communicate politically polarizing issues. Proponents argue that these messages neutralize the effect of people’s political worldviews due to the neutral scientific character of the message. Yet this argument has not undergone extensive testing. Addressing this, we measured participants’ thoughts on scientists featured in messages emphasizing scientific agreement on politically dissonant issues. Our results show that readers often produce less favorable thoughts and moral judgments when scientists agree on a politically dissonant issue. As a result, messages emphasizing scientific agreement on politicized issues might not always neutralize the effect of people’s political worldviews.
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Adlung, Rudolf, and Hamid Mamdouh. "How to Design Trade Agreements in Services: Top Down or Bottom-Up?" Journal of World Trade 48, Issue 2 (2014): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2014008.
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This article deals with claims, recently raised in various circles, that structural faults in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) have prevented WTO Members from advancing services liberalization under the Agreement. The GATS is generally associated in this context with a bottom-up (positive-list) scheduling approach where the sectors on which trade commitments are undertaken are selected individually. This is claimed to be less efficient, in terms of liberalization effects, than alternative approaches under which everything is considered to be fully committed unless specifically excluded (top-down or negative listing). However, a closer look at services negotiations conducted in various settings, including the Doha Round process, WTO accession cases and different types of Regional Trade Agreements (RTA), suggests that such structural issues have limited, if any, impact on the results achieved. What ultimately matters are not negotiating or scheduling techniques, but the political impetus that the governments concerned are ready to generate.
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Acuña-Fariña, Carlos. "Aspects of a psychologically informed theory of agreement." Folia Linguistica 52, no. 2 (2018): 449–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2018-0012.
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AbstractIn this paper I try to establish bidirectional links between the grammar and the processing (especially production) of agreement in order to provide the broad strokes of a psychologically viable theory of agreement. I start by arguing that full encapsulation and full interactivity in agreement operations are not realistic options. The question therefore becomes how much of each should be posited on principled grounds. It is further argued that in language production agreement ‘leaks’, in the sense that conceptual structure is ready to interfere in the establishment of agreement ties, and that that interference is neatly modulated by morphological strength, in the sense that morphology acts a barrier to it. I suggest a series of components that a theory of agreement must contain if it is to be psyscholinguistically realistic. Among these: a. constant conceptual pressure (leaking) and varying degrees of morphologisation both inter- and intra-linguistically (blocking); b. constructional ‘listing’, which adds to the division of labour between direct semantic influence and encapsulated feature transmission; c. ‘Avalanching’ (a chain reaction of chunking), which results in near encapsulation in practice in the minds of speakers of languages with a rich morphology; d. a process of ‘Match and Check’, which ensures automatic, non-strategic computations of massive feature redundancy (Match) without the need for accompanying access to conceptual structure (Check).
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Kawasaki, Noriko. "Two puzzles on the nominative particle ga in Japanese." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 34, no. 2 (2018): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2018-0015.
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Abstract Back in the 1970s, Kazuko Inoue observed that some active sentences in Japanese allow a prepositional subject. Along with impersonal sentences pointed out by S.-Y. Kuroda, such examples suggest that the nominative subject is not an obligatory element in Japanese sentences. While this observation supports the hypothesis that important characteristics of the Japanese language follow from its lack of (forced-)agreement, Japanese potential sentences require the nominative ga on at least one argument. The present article argues that the nominative case particle ga is semantically vacuous even where a ga-marked phrase is indispensable or the ga-marked phrase is construed as exhaustively listing. Stative predicates require a ga-marked phrase because they can ascribe a property to an argument only by function application. The exhaustive listing reading arises by conversational implicature when the presence of a ga-marked phrase signals that a topic phrase is being avoided. The discussion leads to a semantic account of subject honorification whereby the honorification only concerns the semantic content of the predicate, and does not involve agreement with the subject. It is also shown that sentences with a prepositional subject allow zibun only as a long-distance anaphor, which indicates that they do lack a subject with the nominative Case.
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Brusset, Bleuenn, Jerome Dumortier, Daniel Cherqui, et al. "Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Real-Life Comparison of Milan Criteria and AFP Model." Cancers 13, no. 10 (2021): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102480.
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Purpose: To compare the agreement for the criteria on the explant and the results of liver transplantation (LT) before and after adoption of the AFP (α-fetoprotein) model. Methods: 523 patients consecutively listed in five French centers were reviewed to compare results of the Milan criteria period (MilanCP, n = 199) (before 2013) and the AFP score period (AFPscP, n = 324) (after 2013). (NCT03156582). Results: During AFPscP, there was a significantly longer waiting time on the list (12.3 vs. 7.7 months, p < 0.001) and higher rate of bridging therapies (84 vs. 75%, p = 0.012) compared to the MilanCP. Dropout rate was slightly higher in the AFPscP (31 vs. 24%, p = 0.073). No difference was found in the histological AFP score between groups (p = 0.838) with a global agreement in 88% of patients. Post-LT recurrence was 9.2% in MilanCP vs. 13.2% in AFPscP (p = 0.239) and predictive factors were AFP > 2 on the last imaging, downstaging policy and salvage transplantation. Post-LT survival was similar (83 vs. 87% after 2 years, p = 0.100), but after propensity score analysis, the post-listing overall survival (OS) was worse in the AFPscP (HR 1.45, p = 0.045). Conclusions: Agreement for the AFP model on explant analysis (≤2) did not significantly change. AFP score > 2 was the major prognostic factor for recurrence. Graft allocation policy has a major impact on prognosis, with a post-listing OS significantly decreased, probably due to the increase in waiting time, increase in bridging therapies, downstaging policy and salvage transplantation.
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Rathna, Kumudha. "Impact of Clause 49 of Listing Agreement of Securities and Exchange Board of India on Corporate Governance." Christ University Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2012): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12728/culj.1.9.
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Corporate governance is the current exhortation in India as well as the world over. As an offshoot of economic liberalization, global investment in the form of foreign direct investment and foreign institutional investment
 have gained momentum leading to vast economic growth in India. On the other hand, major corporate scams that have occurred worldwide in recent times, have revealed that the need for strict supervision and scrutiny over
 corporate management and governance is a sin quo non for the protection of stakeholders and the growth of the nation which has to compete with the multinational companies in the global arena. 
 
 Further, in India, most of the listed companies, and substantially all billion-dollar companies, are family-run. A particular characteristic of the Indian corporate landscape, however, is a tendency for individuals (and their families) to establish large interlocking networks of subsidiaries and sister companies that include partially owned, publicly listed companies. Such pyramidal structures can lead to severely inequitable treatment of shareholders. The extent of this control is frequently opaque to outsiders and undisclosed by insiders. A particular need for effective corporate governance in India is, therefore, to encourage the dynamism and
 growth of family. The inclusion of Clause 49 by Securities Exchange Board
 of India (SEBI) in the listing agreement between companies endeavouring to have their securities listed in stock exchanges has impacted the modality of corporate management.
 
 This research paper examines the impact of clause 49 of listing agreement of SEBI on corporate governance.
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Schuhmacher, W. Wilfried, and F. Seto. "Austronesian and Dene-Basque (Dene-Caucasian)." Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 62 (April 30, 1993): 7–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv62.1.
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There is general agreement among linguistic "lumpers" today that the Dene- Caucasian macrophylum ("Dene-Basque" would be more correct) consists of the following languages and language families: BASQUE; North Caucasian; Sumerian; Burushaski; Sino-Tibetan; Yeniseian; Na-Dene. Other languages have been added; following in the wake of others (e.g., Karl Bouda), the Austronesian connection of Dene-Caucasian is demonstrated by listing matchings between Austronesian and North Caucasian, Burushaski, and Sino-Tibetan respectively.
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Borbatc, N. M., and T. V. Shkolina. "CHECKING THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC DISTRIBUTION FORM BY NON-PARAMETRIC CRITERIA AGREEMENT IN MATLAB." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 280 (July 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.supp.2020.07.pp.001-019.
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To check the agreement of the empirical distribution with the theoretical one, especially with a relatively small sample size, the socalled nonparametric criteria of agreement are often applied. The rules for the correct application of nonparametric criteria for consent, especially when the parameters of the proposed distribution are not known and are estimated from sample data, are given in recommendations R 50.1.037–2002. In order to facilitate the practical application of the provisions of these recommendations, the authors developed a procedure in MATLAB, full the listing of which is given in the appendix. As a result of applying the procedure, the values of the statistics of the criteria, the corresponding values of the attainable level of significance, as well as the graphs of the empirical and theoretical distribution functions that allow visually assessing the degree of discrepancy between them are displayed. For a number of theoretical distributions, it is possible to use the corresponding MATLAB builtin functions.
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Borbatc, N. M., and T. V. Shkolina. "CHECKING THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC DISTRIBUTION FORM BY NON-PARAMETRIC CRITERIA AGREEMENT IN MATLAB." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 280 (July 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.supp.2020.07.pp.001-019.
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To check the agreement of the empirical distribution with the theoretical one, especially with a relatively small sample size, the socalled nonparametric criteria of agreement are often applied. The rules for the correct application of nonparametric criteria for consent, especially when the parameters of the proposed distribution are not known and are estimated from sample data, are given in recommendations R 50.1.037–2002. In order to facilitate the practical application of the provisions of these recommendations, the authors developed a procedure in MATLAB, full the listing of which is given in the appendix. As a result of applying the procedure, the values of the statistics of the criteria, the corresponding values of the attainable level of significance, as well as the graphs of the empirical and theoretical distribution functions that allow visually assessing the degree of discrepancy between them are displayed. For a number of theoretical distributions, it is possible to use the corresponding MATLAB builtin functions.
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Khan, Mohd Anas. "RENTEASE: A MERN Stack-Based Web Application for Rental Property Management." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 2840–48. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70796.
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The digital transformation of traditional industries has now extended to the real estate sector, where rental property management continues to face inefficiencies. Many processes remain fragmented, relying on outdated manual paperwork, inconsistent communication, and limited accessibility, resulting in delays, mismanagement, and frustration for landlords and tenants alike. This research introduces RENTEASE, a comprehensive web-based application developed using the MERN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, Node.js) to address these challenges. Designed as a user-centric platform, RENTEASE digitizes the entire lifecycle of rental property management, including listing properties, streamlining tenant discovery, managing lease agreements, and tracking rent payments. The platform is built with usability, security, and scalability in mind, ensuring seamless interactions between stakeholders while reducing dependence on intermediaries. In addition to simplifying rental operations, RENTEASE provides a centralized property listing system, AI-driven tenant matching, automated lease agreement management, secure rent payment tracking, and robust security measures to protect user data. This paper delves into the problem space, system architecture, implementation strategy, testing methodologies, and prospective future enhancements. By leveraging fullstack web development, RENTEASE demonstrates how technology can improve rental management efficiency and user experience, bridging industry gaps. Future developments may incorporate advanced features such as blockchain integration for smart contracts, AI-driven predictive analytics for pricing strategies, and IoT connectivity for smart home automation, further revolutionizing the sector. Through RENTEASE, rental management evolves from traditional inefficiencies into a streamlined, tech-driven ecosystem that fosters transparency, reliability, and enhanced trust among landlords and tenants.
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Martin, Josh B. "Protecting Outstanding Underwater Cultural Heritage through the World Heritage Convention: The Titanic and Lusitania as World Heritage Sites." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, no. 1 (2018): 116–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13301069.
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Abstract Despite growing recognition of the global value of underwater cultural heritage (uch), along with intensified international efforts to ensure its protection, the possibility of its inscription on the World Heritage List has never been comprehensively examined. Arguing that the unesco 2001 Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (uch Convention) is insufficient alone to protect globally outstanding wrecks, such as the Titanic and the Lusitania, this article examines in detail the many legal and practical challenges involved with listing such sites under the World Heritage Convention. By reviewing key international agreements such as the uch Convention, World Heritage Convention, Law of the Sea Convention and the International Titanic Agreement, it draws the conclusion that it is the improved offshore management of uch—through ‘cultural’ marine protected areas operating under the framework of the uch Convention—which would open the possibility of nomination to the World Heritage List.
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Van Maldegem, Koen. "The Biocidal Products Directive." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 7, Issue 10 (1998): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1998042.
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A more detailed review of the provisions of the Biocidal Products Directive than that appearing at [1998] EELR 204. The position in the Member States. The background to the Directive. Scope; definitions. Procedures for EU authorizations of active substances and for Member State authorizations of products containing active substances; data to be included in application dossiers - basic and specific data. Procedure for the inclusion of an active substance in Annex I, I A or IB: who may apply; the dossier on the active substance and on at least one product containing the active substance; evaluation by the reviewing Member State - completeness check, evaluation, report; Commission proposal and decision on the application; duration and renewal of listing; terms of listing; consequences of refusal of an application. Comparative assessment of active substances leading to refusal of listing or de-listing of an active substance where an alternative substance, posing less risk, is already listed - a shift from risk assessment to risk management; proposed technical guidance on comparative assessment. Product authorization by Member States. Mutual recognition of product authorizations; procedure; refusal to grant mutual recognition; recognition subject to restrictions; modifications to original authorization. Technical aspects: principles for the evaluation of active substances and products; extensive data requirements; risk assessment based on the identification of hazards, assessment of exposure and likelihood that hazards will arise. Classification, packaging, labelling and safety data sheets in respect of biocidal products and active substances. The expense of meeting the data requirements for listing; confidentiality to be observed by the competent authorities if so requested by the applicant; justification for such a request; data protection and its consequences; differences between confidentiality and data protection; periods of data protection; access to the data of other applicants by agreement. "Task forces" and cooperation in the use and development of data - advantages and disadvantages. Ten-year transitional period and review of existing active substances; Enforcement by the Member States; their discretion; interpretation of the Directive, which is based on Article 100(a), EC Treaty (the internal market).
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Romero, Ross. "Colloquium 2 Commentary on Marren." Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium in Ancient Philosophy 37, no. 1 (2023): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134417-00371p06.
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Abstract This paper responds to Marina Marren’s “The Contemplative Community: Pre-Socratic Teachings and Their Appropriation in the Phaedo” by listing areas of agreement and raising questions for further consideration. Marren’s position—that the comedic aspects of the dialogue can be understood through a retrieval of Anaxagorean mixing of opposites and Heraclitean images of doubling—is discussed. The response then challenges Marren to clarify why we should think that Plato would disagree with Socrates regarding the status of the forms and to think more deeply about divinization as a theme in the Phaedo.
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Harrington, Robin, Ronald Kujawski, and H. Dennis Ryan. "Invasive Plants and the Green Industry." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 29, no. 1 (2003): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2003.006.
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There are many motivations for introducing plant species to areas outside their native range. Non-native plants can provide food, medicine, shelter, and ecosystem services, as well as aesthetic value. However, some species, such as Norway maple (Acer platanoides), Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), and Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), have escaped from cultivation, with severe ecological and economic consequences. The approval of a National Invasive Species Management Plan in June 2001 has major implications for future plant introductions and has generated concern in the green industry. There is general agreement among plant professionals regarding (1) a need for education of industry people and client groups on the issue of invasive species, (2) minimizing economic disruption to the nursery industry, and (3) requirements for objective data to support listing of species as invasive. Nursery and landscape associations in several states have already taken steps toward listing invasive species in cooperation with conservation organizations. This proactive approach ensures industry representation and input in developing policy and, when coupled with intense and ongoing educational programs for industry people and their clients, could dramatically reduce the introduction and spread of invasive species.
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Beiersdorfer, Peter, and Ming Feng Gu. "K-shell Emission from O vi Near 19 Å." Astrophysical Journal 931, no. 1 (2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5684.
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Abstract Laboratory measurements of O vi K-shell emission lines are presented that are situated near the O viii Lyα line at 19 Å. The data provide additional rest-frame references for velocity determinations based on absorption features in the spectra of warm absorbers in active galactic nuclei and other astrophysical objects. They also provide benchmarks for testing atomic structure calculations of energy levels with electrons in a high principal quantum number (n = 3, 4). Excellent agreement is found with our calculations using the many-body perturbation theory method, and we provide a complete listing of the O vi energy levels calculated with this approach.
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Prakoso, Giesma Dwi, Shafa Kintan Nabila, and Tetti Samosir. "Analysis of the Validity of Notarial Deeds in Land Ownership Transactions by Foreign Nationals through Nominees based on Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles." JURNAL AKTA 12, no. 2 (2025): 594. https://doi.org/10.30659/akta.v12i2.45303.
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Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Regulations (UUPA) explicitly limits land ownership in Indonesia to Indonesian citizens (WNI). However, in practice, many foreign citizens (WNA) use the nominee scheme to acquire land by listing the name of the WNI as the formal owner in the land title certificate. This scheme is generally facilitated through a notarial deed containing a nominee agreement, absolute power of attorney, or a sale and purchase agreement. This study aims to analyze the validity of notarial deeds made in land ownership transactions by WNA through a nominee scheme based on applicable laws and regulations. The research method used is normative legal research with a statute approach and a case approach. The results of the study indicate that notarial deeds made in nominee transactions can be considered null and void because they conflict with the UUPA and the principle of legal certainty in the Indonesian agrarian system. Based on Article 21 paragraph (1) and (3) of the UUPA, land ownership rights cannot be owned by foreign nationals, and if transferred to foreign nationals, the land must be released within one year or fall to the state. In addition, nominee agreements made before a notary also conflict with Article 1320 of the Civil Code because they have an “unlawful cause” (causa illicita). Therefore, stricter supervision of nominee practices and more assertive legal reform are needed to prevent misuse of this scheme and maintain agrarian sovereignty in Indonesia.
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Goyal, Tanu M. "Technology Uncertainty and Incompleteness in Trade Agreements: Reflections from the Design of India’s Bilateral Agreements Covering Services." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 3 (2021): 322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732520981511.
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International trade agreements are incomplete contracts. The international environment is non-stationary, and technological progress affects both the nature of services and modes of service delivery. This creates uncertainty about future developments in technology-based services. In the presence of transactions costs and due to limited foresight, it is difficult to specify all contingencies within trade agreements ex ante, resulting in contractual incompleteness. This article investigates the design of India’s services agreements to assess the approach followed while listing the ex ante commitment and its implication on technology-based services. It also discusses the ex post mechanism under these agreements to address the gaps in the commitments with respect to new services, and the enforcement mechanism to facilitate the inclusion of these services. It is found that India’s bilateral agreements leave the inclusion of services that may not be technically feasible, ex ante, at the discretion of the trading partners, ex post. Some of India’s agreements also institute a governance mechanism for facilitating this inclusion. The article argues that there is a need for addressing the issue of technology uncertainty both at an international-trade-policy level and under bilateral agreements. Internationally, efforts are underway for a technology-neutral classification of services. Bilateral agreements must include a robust mechanism within the scope of the Agreement for filling gaps that may arise with technological advancements. For furthering the objective of trade agreements, these mechanisms must be backed by sound governance structure. JEL Codes: L80, L84, L86, F13, K33, F53, F55
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Raju, Guntur Anjana, and Sharlene Conceicao. "Projections and Utilization of Funds by IPOs and Compliance with Clause 43 of Listing Agreement at Stock Exchanges in India." Journal of Wealth Management 10, no. 3 (2007): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jwm.2007.698896.
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Thắm, Hoàng Thị. "The “Détente to Step Forward” Diplomatic Strategy and Efforts to Save Vietnam’s Fragile Peace from March 1946 to December 1946." Studies in Media and Communication 12, no. 2 (2024): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i2.6864.
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The historical period 1945–1946 occupies a particularly prominent position in modern Vietnamese history. It was a period full of challenges for the Communist Party, the newly formed government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and the Vietnamese people. It was also a period with many historical events including the diplomatic struggle of the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to protect and strengthen the revolutionary government in the face of imperialist countries’ plot to monopolize Vietnam. The current study set out to describe the art of the diplomatic struggle of the Government of Vietnam and the Communist Party in the fight against the sabotage of the Preliminary Agreement of March 6, 1946, by Chiang Kai-shek’s army and his henchmen, and the violation of the same agreement by the French colonialists using historical research, logic, analysis, and listing. The diplomatic struggle was “firm in objectives, flexible in strategies and tactics.” Study findings on Vietnam’s revolutionary and modern diplomatic art revealed the plot of France and Chiang, and how the Vietnamese peacefully protected their territorial integrity and national sovereignty.
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Carollo, Massimo, Salvatore Crisafulli, Margherita Selleri, Luca Piccoli, Luca L’Abbate, and Gianluca Trifirò. "Agreement of Different Drug-Drug Interaction Checkers for Proton Pump Inhibitors." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 7 (2024): e2419851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19851.
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ImportanceProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a widely prescribed class of drugs, potentially interacting with a large number of medicines, especially among older patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Beyond summary of product characteristics (SPCs), interaction checkers (ICs) are routinely used tools to help clinicians in medication review interventions.ObjectiveTo assess the consistency of information on drugs potentially interacting with PPIs as reported in their SPCs and different ICs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using data from SPCs for 5 PPIs (omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole) and 5 ICs (ie, INTERCheck WEB, Micromedex, Lexicomp, Epocrates, and drugs.com). Information from the SPCs and the ICs were extracted between July 15 and 30, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the level of agreement among SPCs and the 5 ICs in identifying drugs potentially interacting with PPIs and attributing drug-drug interaction (DDI) severity categories. The level of agreement was computed using Gwet AC1 statistic on the 5 ICs and by comparing 4-sets and 2-sets of ICs. As a sensitivity analysis, the level of agreement in listing PPI-related DDIs was evaluated using Cohen κ and Fleiss κ coefficients.ResultsConsidering SPCs and the 5 ICs, a total of 518 potentially interacting drugs with omeprazole were reported, 455 for esomeprazole, 433 for lansoprazole, 421 for pantoprazole, and 405 for rabeprazole. As compared with the ICs, the SPCs reported a much smaller number of drugs potentially interacting with PPIs, with proportions ranging from 2.7% (11 potentially interacting drugs) for rabeprazole to 7.6% (33 potentially interacting drugs) for lansoprazole of the total identified drugs at risk of interaction with a PPI. The overall level of agreement among the 5 ICs for identifying potential interactions was poor (from 0.23 [95% CI, 0.21-0.25] for omeprazole to 0.27 [95% CI, 0.24-0.29] for pantoprazole and 0.27 [95% CI, 0.25-0.29] for rabeprazole). Similarly, the level of agreement was low in 4-set and 2-set analyses as well as when restricting the analysis to the potential DDIs identified as severe (range, 0.30-0.32).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found significant disagreement among different ICs and SPCs, highlighting the need to focus on standardizing DDI databases. Therefore, to ensure evaluation and prevention of clinically relevant DDIs, it is recommended to revise multiple ICs and consult with specialists, such as clinical pharmacologists, particularly for patients with complex medical conditions.
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Dewan, Alif Ovi, and Abdul Hakim Noyon Md. "A Legal Appraisal of the Protection and Opportunities of Geographical Indication (GI) in Bangladesh." UAP Law Review 1, no. 2 (2023): 57–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7541676.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> Geographical indication is a sign used on goods that distinguishes a product depending on its place of source and have qualities or a brand image as a result of that source. The research has concentrated on idea of geographical indication, current regulatory mechanisms for geographical indication protection, the ongoing GI issues, a potential GI goods list, and challenges. This article also examines some of the administrative and legal difficulties that nations like Bangladesh confront in assuring its GI protection. The paper strengthens the argument that a Least Developed Country (LDC) like Bangladesh has its business interests in its neighbors substantially affected by the lack of any uniform policy framework to safeguard cross-border GIs. Furthermore, Bangladesh"s sui generis Gl registration process, which is currently developing, is insufficient to address this issue. To overcome such challenges, some recommendations have been provided. In order to stop other nations from listing and owning their own products, the authors concluded that Bangladesh must act quickly and with significant effort. Any constructive disciplinary action taken by the Bangladesh government in these areas could safeguard their interests.
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Song, Lan, and Zhiji Huang. "Exploring the Effects of Industrial Land Transfer on Urban Air Quality Using a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (2022): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010384.
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This paper explores the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the impact of industrial land transfer on urban air quality using the air quality index (AQI) and primary land market transaction data of 284 cities from 2015 to 2019 in China. Based on a three-dimensional conceptual framework including scale, price and style effect of industrial land transfer, we find that: (1) The scale effect shows an obvious characteristic of spatial agglomeration, and the agglomerations transfer from central and northern China to the western and southeast coastal regions. (2) Industrial land transfer price has a greater impact on air quality than transfer scale no matter whether the effect is positive or negative, which may be because the expansion scale of construction land is restricted strictly by indicators. (3) The scale of industrial land transferred by agreement in the west and northeast will reduce the air quality. (4) The impact of industrial land price transferred by bidding, auction and listing on AQI is gradually decreasing, but that of land transferred by agreement is still high in the northwest and northeast regions. Finally, we put forward policy recommendations based on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of these effects, which will help alleviate or avoid environmental problems caused by land resources mismatch and industrial development.
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Ignatowicz, Krzysztof. "Międzyrządowy wymiar polsko-rosyjskiej współpracy transgranicznej i międzyregionalnej." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 19, no. 2 (2021): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2021.2.9.
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This article offers a presentation of the Polish-Russian cross-border and interregional cooperation at the intergovernmental level. To this end, it refers to specific international documents on the basis of which three Polish- Russian institutions have been established to coordinate this area of cooperation. In addition to a conceptual framework outlined, the text includes a short historical outline to help the reader trace the beginnings and development of the Polish-Russian cross-border and interregional cooperation in the adopted approach. When describing the activities of intergovernmental councils and commissions, the author draws attention to their positions in the central administration and their structures, listing specific areas of mutual cooperation. The presentation ends with an attempt to evaluate the activities of the said bodies and the search for new perspectives in the context of the upcoming thirtieth anniversary of the agreement on cross-border cooperation with Russia.
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Ghosh, Sudipta. "Corporate Governance Practices through Board of Directors: A case study of Reliance Industries Limited." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 10 (2018): 463–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467836.
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Corporate Governance (CG) practices have emerged as a fundamental theme of modern corporate regulatory system. In simple terms, corporate governance refers to a code of conduct adopted by the management of company while exercising its powers. The present study is an attempt to assess the CG practices through of Board of Directors of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) for the period 2014-15 to 2016-17. The findings of the study reveal that RIL has complied 100% compliance on several aspects of board of directors as per Clause 49 of the listing agreement of SEBI during the selected years under study. Thus, RIL has shown good performance in maintaining the CG standards and attaining the quality of governance practices through board of directors. In fine, CG through board of directors of RIL is based on the principles of integrity, fairness, equity, transparency, accountability and commitment to values.
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DR, ANIL KUMAR PARIHAR. "THE ROLE OF SEBI IN STRENGTHENING CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS." International Educational Scientific Research Journal 11, no. 5 (2025): 102–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15450324.
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The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) serves as the cornerstone of India's securities market regulation, playing a pivotal role in shaping corporate governance practices among listed companies. Established in 1988 and granted statutory powers in 1992, SEBI has introduced numerous reforms to enhance transparency, accountability, and investor protection. This research article critically analyzes SEBI’s contributions to strengthening corporate governance, focusing on its regulatory interventions, their impact on corporate practices, and persistent challenges. Utilizing secondary data, including regulatory documents, corporate reports, and empirical studies, the study employs data tables and graphs to illustrate trends and outcomes. While SEBI’s initiatives, such as Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement and the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR), have bolstered governance standards, issues like enforcement gaps, insider trading, and market manipulation persist. The article concludes with recommendations to enhance SEBI’s regulatory efficacy.
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Stevens, Lawrence E., Kathryn Holcomb, Chris Crookshanks, Donald W. Sada, Jeff Jenness, and Kristin Szabo. "A Strategy for Conservation of Springsnails in Nevada and Utah, USA." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159546.
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The Nevada and Utah Springsnail Conservation Strategy (the Strategy) is a comprehensive and proactive 10-year plan to protect 103 species of truncatelloidean springsnails and their habitats (primarily springs). Springsnails are tiny, aquatic, and often locally endemic truncatelloidea and cerithioidean snails threatened by both local and regional stressors. A bi-state agreement (the Agreement) was forged by state and federal agencies and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in 2018 in a manner consistent with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) conservation criteria. Successful achievement of Agreement objectives will protect springsnails and their habitats in the two states, precluding the need for a federal listing of those species. The objectives of the Agreement are to: (1) compile springsnail ecology and distribution data into a single database; (2) identify, assess, and reduce threats to the taxa and their habitats; (3) maintain, enhance, and restore spring habitats; (4) develop and maintain a springsnail conservation team (SCT); and (5) create an effective education and outreach program for landowners, agencies, and the general public. The SCT held in-person and multiple virtual meetings in 2019–2020 to initiate the Strategy, introduce and clarify member roles, and pursue the integration of available information. The SCT assembled information and literature on each taxon in the two states into the Springs Online database (springsdata.org), a password-protected, easily used online information management system for archiving and reporting on springs-dependent species taxonomy, distribution, associated species, and population and conservation status data. The information gathered was used to generate conservation reports for individual species that can be readily updated as new information emerges. Within each Agreement objective, we describe issues to ensure springsnail species representation, resiliency, and redundancy, which are USFWS metrics of population integrity. We describe springsnail diversity and distribution, the threats and challenges to effective springsnail conservation, and the process the SCT is using to address those issues. Development of the Strategy enables the SCT to monitor, prioritize, and readily report on springsnail conservation progress over the decadal life of the Agreement. As one of the largest springs and springs-dependent species conservation efforts in the world, the context and development of the Strategy provide key lessons for other such efforts.
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Chincholkar, Sujata Nitin. "Ownership Structure and Corporate Performance in India." Journal of Global Economy 12, no. 2 (2016): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v12i2.429.
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The ownership structure of a publicly held Corporation is one of the internal mechanisms of corporate governance. Insider ownership is one of the internal controlling mechanisms that could theoretically reduce agency costs. Earlier researcher has investigated the effects of insider ownership on firm performance. But we have attempted to add few more dimensions to it. Firstly, earlier studies did not attempt to study this relationship after the implementation of revised corporate governance code in 2006 in India and after the changes in the disclosures of insider ownership as per the clause 49 of the listing agreement. Secondly, earlier studies did not take into account the time lag for the studies on Indian markets. We have attempted time lag studies using panel data on the Indian Markets using MBVR ratio as a performance measure. The result shows that corporate performance is significantly influenced by insider ownership. Hence corporate governance issues needs to be dealt with great care.Â
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Krimmer, Maren. "Soviet War Memorials in Poland – An International Legal Analysis." osteuropa recht 65, no. 4 (2019): 422–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2019-4-422.
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Cultural property recently came to the public attention during the debate on monuments and memorials in Poland following the “de-communization law” enacted in 2016. The “Law on the Prohibition of Propaganda of Communist or Other Totalitarian Regimes through Naming Buildings, Objects and Public Utility Installations, dated 1 April 2016” implies banning communist propaganda or other totalitarian regimes and mostly concerns Soviet monuments and memorials erected in Poland after the Second World War by the USSR. This law not only concerns the protection of cultural heritage, but there is also an existing Polish-Russian bilateral agreement listing certain objects as cultural property. This article analyses the interpretation of the bilateral treaty between Russia and Poland concerning the protection of cultural property, and further examines whether or not Poland’s actions conform with the 1992 Polish- Russian treaty. Furthermore, this article sheds light on the 1970 UNESCO Convention and thus the current status of the customary international law in regard to the destruction of cultural property.
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Kapoor, Nimisha, and Sandeep Goel. "Do diligent independent directors restrain earnings management practices? Indian lessons for the global world." Asian Journal of Accounting Research 4, no. 1 (2019): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajar-10-2018-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of independent directors’ diligence in restraining earnings management practices in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach It employs a panel data analysis to test the association of earnings management with the diligence of independent directors. Findings The results suggest that the diligence of independent directors has a significant impact on earnings management. The findings support the agency theory and provide evidence of the role played by the board processes in restricting earnings management. Originality/value This study is important for the regulators as it highlights the significance of independent directors’ diligence in producing higher quality financial statements, thereby creating the real economic value of companies. This is the first article that explores the impact of independent directors’ diligence on earnings management practices particularly in the context of an emerging economy, like India in the light of new Companies Act 2013 and revised Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement, 2014 by Securities and Exchange Board of India.
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Dr., Madan Lal Bhasin. "The Challenge of Improving Corporate Governance by Creating Effective Audit Committees." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 5, no. 8 (2016): 25–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464844.
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Even though there are many measures to put corporate governance (CG) in place and practice, an important tool essential for the success is the effective functioning of an audit committee (AC). As the eyes and ears of the board, the AC plays a pivotal role in helping to stop or reverse the rise in reported fraud incidents worldwide. Now-a-days, an AC is being looked upon as a distinct culture for CG and has received a wide-publicity across the globe. Regulation has bolstered the role of the AC in past years. Government authorities, regulators and international bodies all have indicated that they view an AC as a potentially powerful tool that can enhance the reliability and transparency of financial information. Being mandatory under the SEBI’s Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement, an AC can be of great help to the board in implementing, monitoring and continuing ‘good’ CG practices to the benefit of the corporation and all its stakeholders
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Howze, Jennifer M., and Lora L. Smith. "Detection of Gopher Tortoise Burrows Before and After a Prescribed Fire: Implications for Surveys." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10, no. 1 (2018): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052018-jfwm-045.
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Abstract Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus populations have declined by as much as 80% over the past century, primarily as a result of habitat loss. In 2006, the eastern population of the gopher tortoise was petitioned for federal listing as threatened. In response, a Candidate Conservation Agreement was developed for the gopher tortoise. A Candidate Conservation Agreement is a voluntary agreement between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other interested parties to address the conservation needs of a species before it becomes federally listed and to enact measures to preclude the need to list the species. The gopher tortoise Candidate Conservation Agreement identified an assessment of the status of populations on protected lands as a priority and line transect distance sampling (LTDS) was adopted as the standardized survey methodology. Surveys with LTDS rely on detection of gopher tortoise burrows because tortoises are fossorial. However, gopher tortoise burrows vary greatly in size and small burrows of juveniles are rarely detected. Although LTDS is statistically robust and allows for imperfect detection, few studies have examined how detection varies with tortoise burrow size and whether habitat structure may influence detection of gopher tortoise burrows. Both factors could affect the accuracy of population estimates using LTDS and interpretation of demographic parameters needed for the Candidate Conservation Agreement. Therefore, we conducted surveys for burrows using LTDS before (28 March–13 April 2016) and after (9–18 May 2016) a prescribed burn, which reduced vegetation cover. We detected significantly more burrows (P &lt; 0.001, n = 651) of all sizes after the burn, and the burrow abundance estimate was 64% higher postburn. Our study showed that conducting gopher tortoise surveys after a prescribed burn increased detections and provided a more accurate population estimate. We therefore recommend conducting surveys immediately after a burn. However, varying burn cycles on large sites may make it difficult to survey following a prescribed burn and because the effects of a burn on habitat structure may vary within a site, methods to account for variation in detection due to habitat structure are needed. Population estimates for gopher tortoises using LTDS that do not account for variation in detection due to habitat structure likely underestimate population size.
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Olden, J. D., and N. L. Poff. "Long-term trends of native and non-native fish faunas in the American Southwest." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 28, no. 1 (2005): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2005.28.0075.
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Environmental degradation and the proliferation of non-native fish species threaten the endemic, and highly unique fish faunas of the American Southwest. The present study examines long-term trends (> 160 years) of fish species distributions in the Lower Colorado River Basin and identifies those native species (n = 28) exhibiting the greatest rates of decline and those non-native species (n = 48) exhibiting the highest rates of spread. Among the fastest expanding invaders in the basin are red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), western mosquitofish (Gambussia affinis) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus); species considered to be the most invasive in terms of their negative impacts on native fish communities. Interestingly, non-native species that have been recently introduced (1950+) have generally spread at substantially lower rates as compared to species introduced prior to this time (especially from 1920 to 1950), likely reflecting reductions in human-aided spread of species. We found general agreement between patterns of species decline and extant distribution sizes and official listing status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. ‘Endangered’ species have generally experienced greater declines and have smaller present-day distributions compared to ‘threatened’ species, which in turn have shown greater declines and smaller distributions than those species not currently listed. A number of notable exceptions did exist, however, and these may provide critical information to help guide the future listing of species (i.e., identification of candidates) and the upgrading or downgrading of current listed species that are endemic to the Lower Colorado River Basin. The strong correlation between probability estimates of local extirpation and patterns of native species decline and present-day distributions suggest a possible proactive conservation strategy of implementing management actions for declining species prior to extreme rarity and imperilment.
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Seroja, Triana Dewi, David Tan, Winda Fitri, and Shelvi Rusdiana. "Dual-Class Share Structure in the Indonesian Equity Market." Lentera Hukum 10, no. 3 (2024): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v10i3.43733.
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A lot of major equity markets abroad have allowed the listing of the Dual-Class Share Structure (DCSS) corporations. DCSS is an agreement in which two types of shares are issued by the very same firm, with one type of share conferring greater power compared to the other. The Indonesian Stock Exchange only allows for limited access for DCSS technology-related corporations to list on its Mainboard. To remain attractive as Southeast Asia's top financial centre, Indonesia needs to alter its securities regulations while making its listing market adaptable to meet the needs of various enterprises. This research aims to analyse and elaborate on permitting DCSS corporations to go public and devise suitable governance safeguards to guarantee the highest possible standards of corporate governance are upheld. This research explores the legal certainty and applicability of DCSS in the Indonesian equity market and abroad, using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis of secondary data. The major finding of this research is the acceptance of DCSS adds to issues with abuse of power by the controlling shareholders, which was outweighed by their cash flow rights. While those in favour of DCSS argue that the existing shareholders' main reason for choosing a DCSS arrangement is to preserve company control. Most major exchanges in the world have taken action to accommodate DCSS going public, like those in the USA, Hong Kong, Singapore, and China. Considering the magnitude of the Asian market, Indonesia can emulate the accomplishments of other exchanges too. A series of recommendations are provided to guarantee the highest standards of corporate governance can be upheld, such as: permitting DCSS for new entrants and innovative businesses, regulating the ownership of enhanced voting shares, and setting out sunset provisions for DCSS arrangement.
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Hu, Qiuguang, and Weiteng Shen. "Effects of Industrial Land Conveyance on Coastal Marine Pollution: An Spatial Durbin Econometric Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137209.
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Compared to inland areas, coastal areas display more frequent economic activity in China. Unfortunately, they also have the greatest impact on the coastal environment. Among the economic activities in coastal areas, industrial land conveyance not only has a profound impact on local economic growth, but also poses a greater threat to coastal water. Using panel data collected from 45 coastal cities during the period 2007–2017, this study constructed a spatial Durbin model to investigate the effects of industrial land conveyance on coastal marine pollution. Results show that the expansion of two-lagged agreement-based industrial land conveyance areas in a coastal city can increase coastal marine pollution. Meanwhile, the positive impacts of the two-lagged industrial land conveyance and the industrial land conveyance areas, through bidding, auction, and listing, on coastal marine pollution are statistically significant but economically insignificant. Furthermore, the two-lagged industrial land conveyance areas have a spatial spillover effect on coastal marine pollution. Specifically, the expansion of such areas from a coastal city can increase the marine pollution of other coastal cities.
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Yang, Xiaodong. "STATE IMMUNITY OUTSIDE THE STATE IMMUNITY ACT." Cambridge Law Journal 60, no. 1 (2001): 1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000819730165061x.
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IS the State Immunity Act 1978 the sole basis for deciding on State immunity? It is and it is not. This seemingly self-contradictory reply is due to the fact that, on the one hand, any proceedings directly or indirectly against a foreign State must be brought under the 1978 Act while, on the other, certain provisions of that Act might paradoxically render the Act itself inapplicable and therefore entail recourse to rules outside the Act for settling the issue of State immunity. This is amply illustrated by the decision of the House of Lords in Holland v. Lampen-Wolfe [2000] 1 W.L.R. 1573, which involved a claim for defamation brought by a US university professor teaching international relations at a US military base in England as part of an education programme provided by her university under a commercial agreement with the US Government. The claim was brought against the education services officer at the base, who had written a memorandum listing serious complaints about the plaintiff’s performance and questioning her professional competence. The US Government claimed immunity on the defendant’s behalf.
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Kumar, Ramesh. "Investor's Perception with Respect to Corporate Governance: A Study of Selected IT firms." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 4, no. 1 (2024): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.4.1.5.
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This research delves into the complexities of corporate governance within the Indian IT sector, focusing on the perspectives and awareness levels of retail investors. It explores the evolution of corporate governance practices, influenced by global trends and local market dynamics, in leading IT companies such as Infosys, Wipro, and TCS. The study employs a comprehensive survey to assess the demographic profile, investment patterns, and corporate governance awareness among IT professionals in the Delhi NCR region. The findings reveal a youthful demographic with a cautious investment approach and varying degrees of engagement with corporate governance issues. Notably, a strong relationship is observed between professional roles and the understanding of corporate governance norms, particularly Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement. The study underscores the importance of corporate governance awareness in shaping investment decisions and highlights the need for transparent and accountable governance practices to align with investor expectations. It contributes valuable insights to the discourse on corporate governance in Indian IT firms, providing a foundation for enhancing investor-friendly governance frameworks.
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Dr., S.S Sodha. "A Study on Corporate Governance Disclosure Practices of Selected Indian Companies." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION 37, no. 3 (2022): 5236–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217552.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> In the recent decade, corporate governance (CG) has exploded in popularity, and it is now widely recognised as a critical business feature. The Asian financial crisis has been attributed to "poor" CG and "lack" of company financial reporting transparency. As a result, a significant increase in transparency is required, both in "accounting" and "public disclosures." Nowadays, CG disclosure is a central feature of the modern corporate regulation system, which includes a company's provision of information to the public in a number of formats. This 'empirical' case study examines the CG disclosure procedures in India in light of CG compliance requirements and mandatory/non-mandatory disclosure standards, as contemplated by the latest provisions of the SEBI's "Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement." This article investigates the practises of corporate governance in a number of India's publicly traded corporations. The researcher chose ten organisations from ten different industries for this investigation. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Corporate Governance, India, Listed Companies
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Porcher, Ila France, and Brian W. Darvell. "Shark Fishing vs. Conservation: Analysis and Synthesis." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159548.
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The expanding shark fin market has resulted in intensive global shark fishing and with 90% of teleost fish stocks over-exploited, sharks have become the most lucrative target. As predators, they have high ecological value, are sensitive to fishing pressure, and are in decline, but the secretive nature of the fin trade and difficulties obtaining relevant data, obscure their true status. In consumer countries, shark fin is a luxury item and rich consumers pay high prices with little interest in sustainability or legal trade. Thus, market demand will continue to fuel the shark hunt and those accessible to fishing fleets are increasingly endangered. Current legal protections are not working, as exemplified by the case of the shortfin mako shark, and claims that sharks can be sustainably fished under these circumstances are shown to be misguided. In the interests of averting a catastrophic collapse across the planet’s aquatic ecosystems, sharks and their habitats must be given effective protection. We recommend that all sharks, chimaeras, manta rays, devil rays, and rhino rays be protected from international trade through an immediate CITES Appendix I listing. However, a binding international agreement for the protection of biodiversity in general is what is needed.
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KHANNA, P. N., and R. R. KELKAR. "Temperature sounding of the atmosphere over the Indian region using satellite data." MAUSAM 44, no. 2 (2022): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v44i2.3815.
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Capability has been developed at the INSAT Meteorological Data Utilisation Centre (MDUC). New Delhi for making sounding retrievals using data from the U.S. Polar Orbiting Satellites; The International TOYS Processing Package (ITPP) developed by the University of Wisconsin, USA, was used for asking temperature soundings software for front-end processing and input of 1000 hPa analysis data Into the retrieval algorithm was developed at MDUC. In the physical retrieval method regression estimates generated listing stratospheric level HIRS channels and MSU channels were used as Initial guess. For the surface, two options were used, (i) climatological guess, and (ii) 1000 hPa analysis.
 
 The paper discusses temperature retrievals over the Indian region made on 13 selected dates from different seasons in 1989-91. Results of comparison of satellite retrievals with colocated radiosonde data are presented. There is good agreement between the two from 700 hPa to 150 hPa levels, with RMSE with 3 C. The error is higher at 850 hPa and near the surface, when climatologic IS used as surface guess, but IS within 3°-4° C when the 1000 hPa analysis is used.
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Hughes, Roger. "Competencies for effective public health nutrition practice: a developing consensus." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 5 (2004): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003574.
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AbstractObjectives:To assess the level of consensus amongst an international panel of public health nutrition leaders regarding the essential competencies required for effective public health nutrition practice.Design:A modified Delphi study involving three rounds of questionnaires.Subjects:A panel of 20 public health nutrition experts from seven countries in the European Union, the USA and Australia.Results:Expert panellists completed three rounds of the study relating to competencies. A literature review conducted as a prelude to the expert panel survey identified common competency units from the fields of public health, health promotion, nutrition and dietetics, and health education. These were categorised into seven competency areas including analytical, socio-cultural and political, public health service, communication, management and leadership, nutrition science and professional competency categories. There was strong initial agreement (≥90% of panellists at Round 1) that developing internationally recognised competencies for public health nutrition specialists was a priority. Twenty-six of an initial listing of 52 competency units were rated as essential competencies by ≥80% of the panellists after Round 1. Iteration rounds resulted in the addition of five extra competency units suggested by panellists after Round 1 and an increase by 13 in the number of competencies rated as essential to consensus levels. From a total of 57 competency units rated after the final survey round, 41 competency units were rated as essential competencies by ≥80% of the panellists (consensus), with 21 of these unanimously rated as essential competencies.Conclusions:There is strong international agreement amongst public health nutrition leaders in Europe, the USA and Australia about a range of competencies required for effective public health nutrition practice. Essential competency units identified can be used to develop and review competency standards for public health nutrition.
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Mortada, M. A., N. Ehab, E. Elshahawy, and S. Elnaggar. "AB0999 RELIABILITY OF INFLAMMATORY BACK PAIN CRITERIA AS A TOOL FOR DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY AND MECHANICAL BACK PAIN AMONG EGYPTIAN PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (2023): 1720.1–1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.216.
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BackgroundInflammatory back pain (IBP) is a key symptom of axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA). Most items of the IBP criteria are subjective and liable to change depending on the patient’s expression. (1)ObjectivesAssessment of the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of IBP parameters and sets in patients with AxSpA.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted on 2 groups: the first group included 103 patients with AxSpA, and the other group included 103 patients with chronic mechanical back pain. A standardized questionnaire, addressing all items included in Calin, Berlin, and ASAS criteria sets, was applied by 2 rheumatologists (one senior and one junior) to both groups. The sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the 3 sets and individual parameters were assessed.ResultsMorning stiffness > 30 minutes was the most specific parameter (81%), while the insidious onset was the most sensitive (98%). Calin set was the most sensitive set (88.1%), but it had the least specificity (60%). Adding the item of Morning stiffness > 30 minutes to Calin criteria resulted in improving the specificity of Calin criteria to 81%. Reliability of all parameters and the 3 sets showed moderate agreement (kappa 0.422–0.588) except for Morning stiffness > 30 minutes which showed good agreement (kappa 0.736) and night pain which showed fair agreement (kappa 0.388) (Table 1).Table 1.Reliability of IBP parameters and criteria setsIBP parameterKappa AgreementAge of onset less than 40 years1.000Insidious onset0.581Morning stiffness0.588Morning stiffness more than 30 min0.736Improvement with exercise0.566No improvement with rest0.422Improvement with exercise and no improvement with rest0.508Night pain0.388Awakening in night due to pain0.553Buttock pain0.504Global Evaluation0.951CriteriaCalin0.556Berlin0.496ASAS0.455modified. Calin0.694ConclusionMost IBP parameters and criteria have moderate reliability and average sensitivity and specificity. There may be a need for an objective tool to differentiate between inflammatory and mechanical back pain.Reference[1]Poddubnyy D, Callhoff J, Spiller I, Listing J, Braun J, Sieper J, Rudwaleit, M (2018) Diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory back pain for axial spondyloarthritis in rheumatological care. RMD open, 4(2): e000825.http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000825Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsMohammed A Mortada Speakers bureau: NOVARTIS.SANDOS.EVA, Grant/research support from: EVA, NOHA EHAB: None declared, Eman Elshahawy: None declared, Safaa Elnaggar: None declared.
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Hameed, Syed Abdul. "A Comparative Study on Corporate Governance Standards and Practices with Special Reference to Indian Banking Industry." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 5, no. 2 (2016): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v5.n2.p4.
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<div><p><em>The vital constituent of an economy are Banks. The significance of banking sector is highlighted by the fact that it is an internationally regulated industry and the banks are under the purview of financial regulators of the country. It is of pivotal significance that the banks have robust corporate governance. A new clause 49 was introduced by SEBI in the listing agreement before a decade mentioning the principles of corporate governance to be followed by the listed companies. In the following years SEBI revised clause 49 several times after incorporating the recommendation of various committees. After taking into account the various trends and factors related to corporate Governance the topic entitled. "A comparative study of corporate standards and practices with special reference to Indian Banking Industry" has been drafted to assess the structure and processes of corporate governance followed by select banks in India and their effectiveness in the content of substance and quality of reporting of corporate governance activities in the annual reports. The study also looks in to the state of compliance of key governance benchmarks in the select banks and offers suggestions to accomplish better governance standards. </em></p></div>
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Forrester, Peter J., and Anthony Mays. "Finite-size corrections in random matrix theory and Odlyzko’s dataset for the Riemann zeros." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2182 (2015): 20150436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2015.0436.
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Odlyzko has computed a dataset listing more than 10 9 successive Riemann zeros, starting from a zero number to beyond 10 23 . This dataset relates to random matrix theory as, according to the Montgomery–Odlyzko law, the statistical properties of the large Riemann zeros agree with the statistical properties of the eigenvalues of large random Hermitian matrices. Moreover, Keating and Snaith, and then Bogomolny and co-workers, have used N × N random unitary matrices to analyse deviations from this law. We contribute to this line of study in two ways. First, we point out that a natural process to apply to the dataset is to minimize it by deleting each member independently with some specified probability, and we proceed to compute empirical two-point correlation functions and nearest neighbour spacings in this setting. Second, we show how to characterize the order 1/ N 2 correction term to the spacing distribution for random unitary matrices in terms of a second-order differential equation with coefficients that are Painlevé transcendents, and where the thinning parameter appears only in the boundary condition. This equation can be solved numerically using a power series method. In comparison to the Riemann zero data accurate agreement is exhibited.
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Mills, Jane, Hannah Chiswell, Peter Gaskell, et al. "Developing Farm-Level Social Indicators for Agri-Environment Schemes: A Focus on the Agents of Change." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147820.
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Most monitoring and evaluation programmes for agri-environment schemes focus on understanding the environmental outcomes and the cost-effectiveness of these schemes. Evaluation of the social dimensions of agri-environment schemes, particularly the socio-cultural factors that might influence the quality of engagement with the schemes and the social wellbeing impact of scheme engagement, is limited. This is a critical gap in knowledge as there is growing recognition that without more explicit consideration of the farmers involved in land management as agents of change, the required environmental improvements will not be achieved. The aim of this paper was to undertake a systematic literature review to inform the development of a set of social indicators that can be used to measure the level of farmers’ engagement with their scheme agreement and the social sustainability outcomes from participation. Following the literature review and a short-listing ranking exercise with two sets of experts, 20 high-level (composite) social indicators and associated sub-level (component) indicators were identified. A series of scale or ranking questions that can be used to capture the indicator data were also developed and tested. This paper presents the first stage in the development of a robust set of social indicators for agri-environment schemes that will also provide a good indicator of long-term environmental outcomes.
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Asare, Emmanuel Tetteh, King Carl Tornam Duho, and Edmund Narh Amegatcher. "Climate Change Reporting and Corporate Governance among Asian and African Energy Firms." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 997, no. 1 (2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/997/1/012005.
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Abstract This paper examines the extent of climate change disclosure among energy firms operating in Africa and Asia, as well as the firm, country and global determinants of the disclosures. A quantitative approach was applied to evaluate an unbalanced panel data of 31 firms in 18 countries across Africa and Asia for 2015 to 2020. Data was collected from the GRI database and a composite index was constructed to measure the extent of climate change disclosure using “GRI 305: Emissions” indicators. The study used a regression model to find the nexus between climate change disclosure and its determinants. Comparatively, Asian energy firms disclose more than their African counterparts. The determinants of climate change disclosure are board size, board diversity, multinational status, profitability, cross-listing status, membership to the United Nations Global Compact and the Human Development Index of the countries within which firms operate. This study provides insights about the extent of GRI 305: Emissions usage by energy firms in Africa and Asia. It also adds to the limited knowledge on climate change disclosure in Africa and Asia. With the recent COP26 conference in mind, this study extends knowledge on how businesses are taking action in line with the Agenda 2030 (specifically Sustainable Development Goal 13), the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
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Wang, Zixing, and Meirong Zhang. "The Distributional Effects Associated with Land Finance in China: A Perspective Based on the Urban–Rural Income Gap." Land 12, no. 9 (2023): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091771.
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Land finance has become an important way of generating fiscal incomes in developing countries, while the urban–rural income gap (URIG) in developing countries remains high. However, existing research has not paid much attention to the connection between land finance and the URIG. Therefore, this study used a fixed-effects model to test this relationship for 275 prefecture-level cities in China from 2014 to 2017. To identify the effects of the potential omitted variables, this study conducted additional robustness checks using placebo tests. The results showed that land finance significantly widened the URIG, and this finding was maintained after a set of tests. Further study found that the effect of land finance on the URIG showed significant heterogeneity. Land grants by tender, listing, and auction significantly widened the URIG, while land grants by agreement did not affect the URIG; the effect of land finance on the URIG was more significant in Eastern and Middle regions, but not marked in Western regions; and land finance had no impact on the URIG in large and medium-sized cities, while it had a significant impact in small cities. Based on the above results, this study offers recommendations to improve land fiscal policy and urban-biased development strategies, which aim to promote the equalization of the basic rights and interests of urban and rural residents and reduce the URIG.
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Lepson, J. K., P. Beiersdorfer, M. F. Gu, N. Hell, and G. V. Brown. "K-shell X-Ray Emission from Lithium-like Nitrogen N v." Astrophysical Journal 962, no. 2 (2024): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1e58.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We present laboratory measurements of n = 3 → n = 1 N v X-ray emission lines situated near 26 Å. The lines are excited by electron-impact collisions and are shown to reach a combined intensity of about a fifth of the combined strong N v 1s2s2p 2 P 1/2,3/2 → 1s 22s 2 S 1/2 resonance lines, commonly labeled q and r, at 29.4 Å. In addition, we present new experimental data for the wavelength of the blended q and r lines at 29.4 Å, as well as for that of the blended inner-shell-excited N v lines u and v at 30.0 Å. All of these collisional N v lines need to be included in astrophysical emission models in order to properly account for flux from N v in the soft X-ray region. The measured wavelengths provide benchmarks for testing atomic structure calculations and excellent agreement is found with our calculations using the many-body perturbation theory method. We provide a complete listing of the N v energy levels with valence electrons in the n = 2, 3, and 4 shells calculated with this approach. The experimental and theoretical data, thus, provide accurate rest-frame wavelengths needed for velocity determinations based on high-resolution absorption features in spectra of warm absorbers in active galactic nuclei and other astrophysical objects.
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Freudenburg, William R., Lisa J. Wilson, and Daniel J. O'Leary. "Forty Years of Spotted Owls? A Longitudinal Analysis of Logging Industry Job Losses." Sociological Perspectives 41, no. 1 (1998): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389351.
Full textAbstract:
The protection of habitat for an officially designated “threatened” species, the Northern Spotted Owl, is widely seen as having endangered the survival of a very different “species,” namely the rural American logger. In spite of the widespread agreement on this point, however, it is not clear just how many jobs have been endangered, over just how long a period, due to the protection of spotted-owl habitat and of the environment more broadly. In the present paper, we analyze longer term employment trends in logging and milling, both nationally and in the two states of the Pacific Northwest where the spotted-owl debate has been most intense, to determine the length of time over which such environmental protection efforts have been creating the loss of logging and milling jobs. There are three potential key “turning points” since the start of high-quality employment data in 1947—the 1989 controversy over the federal “listing” of the Northern Spotted Owl under the Endangered Species Act, the earlier increase in environmental regulations accompanying the first Earth Day in 1970, and the still-earlier “locking up” of timber after the passage of the Wilderness Protection Act in 1964. We also examine the effects of two other variables that have received considerable attention in the ongoing debates—levels of U.S. Forest Service timber harvests and the exporting of raw logs. We find that the 1989 listing of the spotted owl has no significant effect on employment—not even in the two states where the debate has been most intense. Instead, the only statistically significant turning point came with the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964. The direction of the change, however, was precisely the opposite of what is generally expected. Both nationally and in the Pacific Northwest, the greatest decline in timber employment occurred from 1947 until 1964—a time of great economic growth, a general absence of “unreasonable environmental regulations,” and growing timber harvests. The period since the passage of the Wilderness Act has been one of increased complaints about environmental constraints, but much less decline in U.S. logging employment. If logging jobs have indeed been endangered by efforts to protect the environment in general and spotted-owl habitat in particular, what is needed is a plausible explanation of how the influence of the owls could have begun more than forty years before the species came under the protection of the Endangered Species Act.
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Secretariat, OPEC. "OPEC production agreements: a detailed listing." OPEC Review 27, no. 1 (2003): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0076.00124.
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