Academic literature on the topic 'Listing Decisions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Listing Decisions"
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Sarkissian, Sergei, and Michael J. Schill. "Cross-Listing Waves." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 51, no. 1 (2016): 259–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109016000016.
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AbstractUsing a 57-year global foreign listing sample, we identify cross-listing waves at the host market, home market, and industry levels. Waves in host markets are often due to cross-listing waves in proximate home markets. Consistent with gravity-model implications and economic-synergy arguments of cross-listing decisions, cross-listing waves in a given host country coincide with the outperformance of the host and proximate home countries’ economies and financial markets. The valuation gains from listings associated with cross-listing waves are transitory, supporting the market-timing component in these decisions. Our results provide novel evidence of nonmonotonic market development across countries and over time.
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Wang, Shiheng, and Serena Wu. "Compliance costs and comparability benefits of cross-listing." Asian Review of Accounting 27, no. 4 (2019): 563–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-03-2019-0076.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine two channels through which accounting standard differences could affect cross-listing: compliance costs and/or comparability benefits. Design/methodology/approach The authors use two settings to disentangle the two channels. First, financial reporting requirements are more stringent for cross-listings via direct listings than cross-listings via depositary receipts; as a result, the effect of compliance costs (if any) would be manifested differently in the two venues of cross-listings. Second, some host countries allow foreign firms to report under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) without mandating IFRS for domestic firms; compared to host countries that mandate IFRS for both domestic and foreign firms, these IFRS-permitting countries provide a setting to test the importance of comparability benefits while holding constant compliance costs. Findings The authors find that prior to IFRS adoption, direct listings decrease with accounting standards differences between two countries while depositary receipts increase with such differences, consistent with the costs of complying with host country’s accounting standards affecting firms’ cross-listing decisions. After the harmonization of accounting standards, the authors find that IFRS-mandating host countries gain cross-listings from other IFRS-mandating jurisdictions, while IFRS-permitting countries do not experience such gains. These combined results suggest that accounting related compliance costs and comparability benefits both influence cross-listing decisions. Originality/value The paper employs unique settings that enable an in-depth examination of the role of compliance costs vs that of comparability benefits on cross-listing decisions. The settings employed by the authors allow them to disentangle the two channels and provide an important insight that accounting standard-related compliance costs and comparability benefits both affect cross-listing decisions.
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Jorion, Philippe, and Christopher Schwarz. "The Strategic Listing Decisions of Hedge Funds." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 49, no. 3 (2014): 773–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109014000350.
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AbstractThe voluntary nature of hedge fund database reporting creates strategic listing opportunities for hedge funds. However, little is known about how managers list funds across multiple databases or whether investors are fooled by funds’ listing decisions. In this paper, we find that hedge funds strategically list their small, best-performing funds in multiple outlets immediately while preserving the option to list their other funds in additional databases later. We generally find that investors react rationally to these fund listings based on the predictability of performance. Finally, our results lead to specific guidelines on handling backfilled returns to minimize biases.
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Gehring, Thomas, and Eva Ruffing. "When Arguments Prevail Over Power: The CITES Procedure for the Listing of Endangered Species." Global Environmental Politics 8, no. 2 (2008): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2008.8.2.123.
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The legitimacy and effectiveness of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) depends on problem-adequate listing decisions. Decisions are frequently highly controversial, because they commit the member states to imposing trade restrictions on listed species. We examine whether—and how—CITES' impressive institutional apparatus deprives the member states of their bargaining power and empowers actors who can make reasoned arguments on the merits of a listing decision. For this purpose, we demonstrate theoretically that appropriately designed decision-making procedures can diminish stake-holders' opportunities for exploiting their bargaining power and provide room for reason-based deliberation. Subsequently, we explore member states' and other stakeholders' incentives, created by the CITES listing procedure, for refraining from bargaining and accepting scientifically sound decisions. Finally, we examine three recent controversial listing decisions as examples of the actual operation of the listing procedure.
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Blau, Benjamin M., and Tyler J. Brough. "Short Sales and Option Listing Decisions." Financial Management 43, no. 3 (2014): 703–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fima.12039.
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Ho, Cheryl, Howard J. Lim, and Dean A. Regier. "FDA Accelerated Approval for Malignant Hematology and Oncology Indications in the Canadian Environment." Current Oncology 29, no. 2 (2022): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29020036.
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Accelerated approval (AA) by the FDA enables earlier access to promising new therapies. Health Canada has a similar process. Canada implemented a national health technology assessment (HTA) for reimbursement decisions in 2011. This study evaluated regulatory and funding timelines and decisions for FDA AA cancer therapies in Canada. The FDA’s AA of malignant hematology and oncology from January 2000–December 2019 was reviewed. Dates from Health Canada, HTA decisions and provincial listings were collected. There were 94 FDA AAs, two of which were subsequently withdrawn. Of the 92 AAs, 70 received full (46)/conditional (24) Health Canada approval, and 22 were not filed. Since the introduction of HTA, 31 out of 45 of Health Canada’s approved indications underwent HTA review: 18 received a positive recommendation conditional on cost-effectiveness, 8 were not recommended and 5 were withdrawn/suspended. The median time from the AA to any Health Canada approval is 9.4 months, from any Health Canada approval to HTA decision is 5.8 months and from HTA decision to the first formulary listing is 12.0 months. The access and timeline for the first formulary listing differences were observed between the USA and Canada due to the decision of pharmaceutical companies to submit (or not) to regulatory/HTA bodies, national procedural delays with different healthcare delivery models and submission timelines. This study demonstrates that there is delayed access to promising new therapies in Canada.
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Scanlon, Zoe. "SAFEGUARDING THE LEGITIMACY OF ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED AND UNREGULATED FISHING VESSEL LISTINGS." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, no. 2 (2019): 369–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589319000022.
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AbstractPunitive measures taken against vessels listed on RFMO IUU vessel lists often have very direct effects on the individuals associated with those vessels, such as the owner or operator. With developments such as cross-listing mechanisms and cross-references in international agreements, the number of actors that are encouraged or obliged to take measures against listed vessels now extends to a much wider group, well beyond just the Members of the listing RFMO. The impacts of these punitive measures on such individuals are accordingly very significant. Despite this, however, these listing procedures contain relatively limited due process features. This article considers whether this could contribute to diminishing the perceived legitimacy of IUU listings and generate a risk of reluctance by some actors within the international community to impose punitive measures on listed vessels.Movement towards enhanced due process in decision-making processes appears to be emerging within many international organizations in recognition of the fact that increasingly, individuals are directly affected by decisions of international organizations. Examining such developments in other fora, this article considers possible adjustments to listing procedures, which might assist in safeguarding the legitimacy and effectiveness of IUU vessel lists. IUU lists play a significant role in international efforts to combat IUU fishing, and upholding their effectiveness is accordingly of critical importance.
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Rovira, Ericka, Kathleen McGarry, and Raja Parasuraman. "EFFECTS OF UNRELIABLE AUTOMATION ON DECISION MAKING IN COMMAND AND CONTROL." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 3 (2002): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600345.
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The effectiveness of automated decision aids used by human operators in command and control systems may depend not only on automation reliability, but also on the type (stage) and level the automated support provides. Automation can be applied to information acquisition, information integration and analysis, decision choice selection, or action implementation (Parasuraman, Sheridan, & Wickens, 2000). The present study examined the effects of variations in the stage of automation support on performance in a “Sensor to Shooter” targeting simulation of command and control. Independent variables included the type and level of automation support (complete listing, priority listing, top choices, and recommendation of decision choice) and the reliability of the automation (60% and 80%). Dependent variables included accuracy and reaction time of target engagement decisions. Compared to manual performance, reliable automation did not affect the accuracy of target engagement decisions but did significantly reduce decision times. When the automation was unreliable, under the higher reliability condition (80%) there was a greater cost in accuracy performance for higher levels of automation aiding (priority listing, top choice, and recommendation) than at a lower level (complete listing). The results support the view that automation unreliability has a greater performance cost for decision automation than for information automation. This performance cost generalizes across a number of different forms of decision-aiding.
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Chemmanur, Thomas J., Jie He, and Paolo Fulghieri. "Competition and Cooperation among Exchanges: Effects on Corporate Cross-Listing Decisions and Listing Standards." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 20, no. 3 (2008): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2008.00195.x.
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Heath, Jason, and Eben Hobbins. "Coordinating Interstate Listing Decisions for the Ohio River." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2011, no. 2 (2011): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864711802864903.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Listing Decisions"
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Lindorfer, Robert, Anne d'Arcy, and Jonas Puck. "Location decisions and the liability of foreignness: Spillover effects between factor market and capital market strategies." Elsevier, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5730/1/JIM1356.pdf.
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In this paper we build on the liability of foreignness concept and the institutional perspective to show how an equity listing and subsidiary formations in the host market are interlinked. Using a matched sample of foreign equity-listed and domestic equity-listed European firms on EU-regulated capital markets, we find that (1) the number of prior host-market subsidiary formations increases the probability of a host-market equity listing, and (2) a prior host-market equity listing increases the number of host-market subsidiary formations. Hence, we identify spillover effects between factor market and capital market strategies. However, the extent of these spillover effects depends on institutional characteristics of the host market, where companies on smaller markets gain higher spillover effects. We contribute to international management and finance research by providing factor market strategies as a valuable source to overcome capital market liabilities of foreignness and capital market strategies as a valuable source to overcome factor market liabilities of foreignness.
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Fu, Youyan. "The behavior of institutional investors in IPO markets and the decision of going public abroad." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25692.
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This thesis comprehensively studies three questions. First of all, I use a unique set of institutional investor bids to examine the impact of personal experience on the behavior of institutional investors in an IPO market. I find that, when deciding to participate in future IPOs, institutions take into account initial returns of past IPOs in which they submitted bids more than IPOs which they merely observed. In addition, initial returns from past IPOs in which institutions’ bids were qualified for share allocation were given more consideration than IPOs for which unqualified bids were submitted. This phenomenon is consistent with reinforcement learning. I also find that institutions do not distinguish the returns that are derived from random events. Furthermore, institutions become more aggressive bidders after experiencing high returns in recent IPOs, conditional on personal participation or being qualified for share allocation in those IPOs. This bidding behavior provides additional evidence of reinforcement learning in IPO markets. Secondly, I merge the dataset of institutional investor bids with post-IPO institutional holdings data to examine whether institutional investors such as fund companies reveal their true valuations through bids in a unique quasi-bookbuilding IPO mechanism. I find that fund companies do truthfully disclose their private information via bids, despite these being without guaranteed compensation. My results contribute to the existing literature by providing new evidence on the information compensation theory and have implications for the IPO mechanism design. Finally, I explore the impact on firm valuation of going public abroad using a sample of 136 Chinese firms that conducted IPOs in the US during the period of 1999-2012. I find that US-listed Chinese firms have higher price multiples and experience less underpricing than their domestic-listed peers. The valuation premium stays consistent when a firm’s characteristics and listing cost are being controlled. These findings are consistent with the theories of foreign listing. Moreover, I find that high-tech Chinese firms with a high growth rate but low profitability are more likely to issue shares in the US, particularly for specific industries such as semiconductors, software and online business services. This industry clustering is interpreted as an incentive to access foreign expertise through listing abroad.
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Flint, Jesse. "Altering cue use in complex auditory decision tasks." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Arrelöv, Britt. "Towards understanding of determinants of physicians' sick-listing practice and their interrelations : a population-based epidemiological study /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3557.
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Harr, Jenifer Joy. "Listening to deaf children : exploring the involvement of pupils in the educational decision-making process." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621224.
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Ohta, Renka. "Integrated listening-to-write assessments: an investigation of score generalizability and raters’ decision-making processes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6232.
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In measuring second language learners’ writing proficiency, test takers’ performance on a particular assessment task is evaluated by raters using a set of criteria to generate writing scores. The scores are used by teachers, students, and parents to make inferences about their performance levels in real-life writing situations. To examine the accuracy of this inference, it is imperative that we investigate the sources of measurement error involved in the writing score. It is also important to ensure rater consistency, both within a single rater and between raters, to provide evidence that the scores are valid indicators of tested constructs.
This mixed methods research addressed the validity of integrated listening-to-write (L-W) scores. More specifically, it examined the generalizability of L-W scores and raters’ decision-making processes and scoring challenges. A total of 198 high school English learners in Taiwan completed up to two L-W tasks, each of which required them to listen to an academic lecture and respond to a related writing prompt in English. Nine raters who had experience teaching English evaluated each student’s written materials using a holistic scale.
This study employed a univariate two-facet random effects generalizability study (p × t × r) to investigate the effects of tasks and raters on the score variance. Subsequent decision studies (p × T × R) estimated standard error of measurement and generalizability coefficients. Post-rating stimulated recall interview data were analyzed qualitatively to explore raters’ alignment of rating scale descriptors, decision-making behaviors, and scoring challenges.
The results indicated that the majority of score variance was explained by test takers’ ability difference in academic writing proficiency. The raters were similar in their stringency and did not contribute much to score variance. Due to a relatively large magnitude of person-by-task interaction effect, increasing the number of tasks, rather than raters, resulted in a much lower degree of error and higher degree of score generalizability. The ideal assessment procedure to achieve an acceptable level of score generalizability would be to administer two L-W tasks scored by two raters.
When evaluating written materials for L-W tasks, nine raters primarily focused on the content of the essays and paid less attention to language-related features. The raters did not equally consider all aspects of essay features described in the holistic rubric. The most prominent scoring challenges included 1) assigning a holistic score while balancing students’ listening comprehension skills and writing proficiency and 2) assessing the degree of students’ successful reproduction of lecture content. The findings of this study have practical and theoretical implications for integrated writing assessments for high school EFL learners.
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Arrelöv, Britt. "Towards Understanding of Determinants of Physicians’ Sick-listing Practice and their Interrelations : A Population-based Epidemiological Study." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3557.
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<p>Physicians are supposed to act as sick-listing experts and they possess a role as gate-keepers to the social insurance system. Earlier studies have demonstrated variation between physicians and physician categories regarding sick-listing practice. In addition to the patient's disease and its severity, a number of other factors may be expected to influence sick-listing practice. Most earlier studies have focused on the patient's disease and his or her work place as cause for sickness absence.</p><p>The aims of this study were to analyse variation of sick-listing practice between physician categories and the influence of physician characteristics on sick-listing practice, the influence of structure, organisation and remuneration of health care on physician sick-listing practice, the influence of local structural factors in the community, and the influence of a legislative change on physician sick-listing practice.</p><p>The study was conducted as a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 57563 doctors’ certificates for sickness absence, received by 28 local social insurance offices in eight Swedish counties, during four months in 1995 and two months in 1996.</p><p>Patient age, sex, and diagnostic group, issuing physician category, presence of a hospital in the municipality, municipality population size and county were all significantly and independently correlated to number of net days of sick-listing. Physician characteristics, such as age, sex and degree of specialisation were all associated with number of net days of sick-listing. Physicians working in general practice issued significantly shorter periods of sick-listing than the other physician categories. Reimbursement of general practice and participation in financial co-operation with social insurance were significantly correlated to length of sickness episode issued by general practitioners. A legislative change performed during the study period was associated with small effects in sick-listing practice.</p><p>In conclusion, a number of factors other than disease and disease severity and other patient and physician linked factors were found to influence the variation of sick-listing practice. It appears that the closer the influencing factor was to the place were the decision was taken, i.e., the patient-physician consultation, the higher the impact on the decision appeared to be.</p>
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Szarek, Harmony Kristin. "Subjectivity in Expert Decision Making: Risk Assessment, Acceptability, and Cognitive Heuristics Affecting Endangered Species Act Listing Judgments for the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Grizzly Bear." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430998102.
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Bittencourt, Anelise Caon. "Escuta permanente de informação informal e sua exploração coletiva para tomada de decisão : uma observação participante na Johnson & Johnson UN SuL." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/69942.
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A informação tem assumido ao longo dos anos maior papel de destaque no cotidiano empresarial, com as organizações contemporâneas passando reconhecê-la possivelmente como o seu principal recurso. Associado a isso, assistimos ao crescimento cada vez maior de um volume de informações organizacionais não estruturadas, mas que são de profunda importância na tomada de decisão; o que justifica o aumento de discussão do tema nos últimos anos. Atribui-se nada menos que quatro quintos (4/5) de informação não estruturada dentre todas as informações criadas em uma organização, volume considerável, pois, e para os quais ainda muito há por fazer em termos de métodos, técnicas e ferramental. Este trabalho se insere na continuação das pesquisas do grupo GIANTI (Grupo de pesquisa de Gestão do Impacto da Adoção de novas Tecnologias de Informação), complementarmente à abordagem referente à gestão da informação com caráter subjetivo, enfatizando seu compartilhamento nas organizações. O presente estudo objetivou adentrar neste contexto através de uma Observação Participante realizada na empresa Johnson & Johnson, propondo um framework de estruturação da coleta e do tratamento das informações qualitativas e mesmo subjetivas, baseado no compartilhamento de informações informais para sua utilização em processos decisórios individuais ou coletivos, trabalhando com uma dinâmica prática de processos, aqui denominado “Escuta Permanente”. A partir de uma literatura que buscou elementos de processo decisório e de compartilhamento de informação, foi possível retomar e agregar elementos ao conceito de Escuta Permanente, bem como operacionalizá-lo através de uma ferramenta computacional via web. Como contribuição, considera-se que teve condições de demonstrar, na realidade observada, a utilidade e, sobretudo a aplicabilidade do conceito de Escuta Permanente, mostrando-se efetiva sua aderência e link com os referenciais teóricos propostos, associando a aplicação prática e relevância a possíveis ganhos com sua utilização em maior escala.<br>Information has assumed over the years greater role in everyday business, with contemporary organizations through possibly recognize it as their main resource Associated with this, we see the growth of a growing volume of unstructured organizational information, but which are of profound importance in decision making, which explains the increased discussion of the topic in recent years. Assigns up no less than four-fifths (4/5) of unstructured information from all the information created in an organization, considerable amount, therefore, and for which there is still much to be done in terms of methods, techniques and tools. This work is part of the continuation of the research group GIANTI (Management Research Group Impact of the Adoption of New Information Technologies), complementary approach to the management of information relating to subjective character, emphasizing his sharing in organizations. The present study aimed to penetrate this context through a Participant Observation held at Johnson & Johnson company, proposing a model for structuring the collection and processing of qualitative information and even subjective, based on informal information sharing for its use in decision-making processes or individual collective, working with a dynamic practice processes, here called "Listen Standing." From a literature that sought elements of decision-making and sharing of information, it was possible to resume and add elements to the concept of Permanent Listening and operationalized it through a web-based computational tool. As a contribution, it is able to demonstrate that had actually observed, utility and especially the applicability of the concept of Permanent Listening, showing up your grip and effective link with the theoretical frameworks proposed, involving the practical application and relevance to possible gains from their use on a larger scale.
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Parkin, Tracey. "Empathy : its significance and monitoring in the dietetic consultation for chronic disease management." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/908.
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Communication between the patient and healthcare professional is pivotal in enabling effective self-care management to occur (Street et al., 2009) which in turn leads to improved health outcomes (Kravitz et al., 1993). However, there is little published data exploring the most effective tools for evaluating whether these communication skills occur and what particular attributes enhance the process (Goodchild, Skinner & Parkin, 2005; Heisler et al., 2003; Parkin & Skinner, 2003). This study aims to identify patient-centred communication skills occurring in consultations and to explore their link with a tool-recording agreement on reported decisions made. Quantitative analysis was conducted on 86 dietetic consultations across four outpatient diabetes services. Audio recordings from 20 of these were qualitatively analysed. Greater agreement on reported decisions correlated significantly with level of empathy demonstrated (t = .283, p = .0005). In consultations featuring agreement, dietitians expressed more empathy (p = .02), used more active listening skills, asked significantly more exploratory questions on self-care practices (U = 18.5, p = .007), provided significantly more supportive/collaborative information-giving exchanges (U = 11, p = .003) and were more likely to set an agreed agenda at the start of consultations. In contrast, consultations featuring disagreement had low levels of empathy, fewer active-listening skills and exploratory questions, significantly greater numbers of persuasive information-giving exchanges (U = 17, p = .007) and more recommending exchanges. Generally, agendas were not set. In conclusion, recording patient/healthcare professional agreement on reported decisions made during a consultation is a simple tool that can indicate the presence of patient-centred communication skills. Active-listening skills allow expressions of empathy that facilitate patient involvement and interactive dialogue. The measure of agreement should be used frequently as a marker of effective dietetic consultations and to provide further data on the relationship between patient-centred communication and implementation of behaviour change for improved health outcomes.
Books on the topic "Listing Decisions"
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Marco, Pagano, and Centre for Economic Policy Research., eds. What makes stock exchanges succeed?: Evidence from cross-listing decisions. Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2001.
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Service, United States Immigration and Naturalization. Listing of precedent decisions that have not been published in bound volumes as of December 15, 1984. U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1985.
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Office, General Accounting. Endangered species: Factors associated with delayed listing decisions : report to the chairman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives. GAO, 1993.
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United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Endangered species: Fish and Wildlife Service uses best available science to make listing decisions, but additional guidance needed for critical habitat designations : report to Congressional requesters. GAO, 2003.
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Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality., ed. Oregon's approved 1998 section 303(d) decision matrix: Oregon's criteria used for listing waterbodies, decision matrix, basin maps & glossary. Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality, 1998.
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Lukaszewski, James E. Why Should the Boss Listen to You. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.
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Quality, Oregon Dept of Environmental. DEQ's 1994/96 303(d) list supporting documents: Decision matrix, criteria used for listing waterbodies, glossary, bibliography. The Dept., 1996.
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United States. National Marine Fisheries Service., ed. Administrative record for National Marine Fisheries Service's May 6, 1997 listing decision for the Oregon coast coho salmon ESU. National Marine Fisheries Service, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Listing Decisions"
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Selway, Jamie, Noreen Culhane, John Labuszewski, John McGonegal, and William O’Brien. "Intermarket Competition: Listing Decisions." In Competition in a Consolidating Environment. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75943-2_4.
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Burgman, Mark. "Expert frailties in conservation risk assessment and listing decisions." In Threatened species legislation. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.054.
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Wintle, Bonnie C., Nibedita Mukherjee, Victoria Hemming, Stefano Canessa, and Marissa McBride. "5. Improving the Reliability of Judgements." In Transforming Conservation. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0321.05.
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Judgements underpin all aspects of decision making, whether assessing the nature of the problem, interpreting evidence, or deciding upon the risks and benefits of different actions. Serious problems arise with conventional means of deriving judgements to inform decisions, such as confusing values and facts, listening to a single expert, or deploying processes prone to individual and group biases such as forced consensus. Thankfully there are methods that reduce the impact of such biases including processes such as the Delphi Technique and the IDEA protocol. This chapter outlines these methods to aid in eliciting better judgements in decision making.
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Johansson, Martin, Tatsuro Hori, Gabriel Skantze, Anja Höthker, and Joakim Gustafson. "Making Turn-Taking Decisions for an Active Listening Robot for Memory Training." In Social Robotics. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47437-3_92.
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Ujewe, Samuel, and Werdie Van Staden. "Policy-Making Indabas to Prevent “Not Listening”: An Added Recommendation from the Life Esidimeni Tragedy." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_29.
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AbstractThis chapter reflects on the Life-Esidimeni tragedy in which more than 140 mental healthcare users died as a consequence of a policy decision. The main finding of an official investigation into these events was a “failure to listen or take advice”, but how this failure may be averted in the future did not feature among the recommendations of the Ombud’s report, this being mostly about further legal, regulatory and rights-based actions. To avert similar tragedies in the future, this chapter adds another recommendation. This is a practical decision-making process by which to listen properly in policy-making. Specifically, a policy-making indaba in an African version of values-based practice generates a space in which all stakeholders implied in the formulation and execution of a health policy may listen properly to each other about what matters to them in that context over and above the values captured in regulations and rights. The resulting policy may thus creatively account for the differences between values of the stakeholders without dismissing or changing anyone’s values.
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Sigillo, Alexandra E. "Promoting Positive Perceptions of Justice by Listening to Children’s Sentiment in Custody Decisions." In Handbook of Community Sentiment. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1899-7_12.
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Rose-Munro, Leanne. "Innovative Learning Environments, Are They Inclusive? Why Evaluating the Speaking, and Acoustic Potential of the Space Matters." In Teacher Transition into Innovative Learning Environments. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7497-9_13.
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AbstractInnovative learning spaces are a platform primarily designed to support the activity of speaking, listening and learning. However, evidence suggests that nearly 10% of students attending mainstream schools in their local communities have hearing difficulties. This study explores the acoustic potential of innovative learning spaces (ILE’s), and the impact of design affordances in terms of supporting the inclusion of students with hearing difficulties. The study highlights the importance of an acoustic platform that enables opportunity for all to participate in speaking and listening activity. In addition, the importance of student agency, the power to act and contribute to decision-making regarding the use and application of environmental affordances to enable student opportunity, inclusion and successful learning.
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Dorochowicz, Aleksandra, Piotr Hoffmann, Agata Majdańczuk, and Bożena Kostek. "Classification of Music Genres by Means of Listening Tests and Decision Algorithms." In Studies in Big Data. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77604-0_21.
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Schilizzi, Richard T., Ronald D. Ekers, Peter E. Dewdney, and Philip Crosby. "Site Selection Story, 2002–2006: Shortlist." In The Square Kilometre Array. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51374-9_7.
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AbstractThe SKA telescope site selection process was long and complex. It went through five distinct stages: (1) separate national initiatives in China and Australia to identify potential sites (1994–2002), (2) centrally coordinated activity to identify and characterise these and two other potential sites in Southern Africa and Argentina-Brazil (2000–2005), (3) the short-listing process and decision (2004–2006), (4) further characterisation of the two short-listed sites, and politicisation of the site competition (2007–2011), and (5) the final site selection process and decision (2009–2012).This chapter describes and analyses the first three stages of site selection from the early national initiatives to the creation of a shortlist of two potential hosts, Australia and Southern Africa. Initially the International SKA Steering Committee (ISSC) aimed to select the SKA site in 2006 but after advice from the funding agencies interested in the project, the goal of outright selection changed in mid-2005 to a shortlist of acceptable sites.Chapter 8 continues the story to its culmination in 2012 when the SKA governing body decided to locate the mid-frequency dish array in Southern Africa and the low-frequency array in Australia.
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Penaluna, Lee-Ann, and Roxanne Ross. "How to Talk About Academic Integrity so Students Will Listen: Addressing Ethical Decision-Making Using Scenarios." In Academic Integrity in Canada. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1_20.
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AbstractThe field of academic integrity in higher education has made significant gains in exploring the proliferation of integrity issues, the frequency of student misconduct behaviours, and in identifying strategies for embedding academic integrity education more broadly into the curriculum. Regardless of calls for institution-wide approaches which focus on preventing academic misconduct, those of us engaged in the field can attest that there will always be a need to address academic misconduct behaviours and support the development of those students who engage in them. As student affairs practitioners in a Canadian post-secondary institution, we present our approach to creating meaningful teaching and learning experiences that enable students with misconduct violations to critically explore potential misconduct situations and practice the skills needed to make alternative decisions. Utilising existing work that frames academic integrity as ‘standards of practice’, this chapter demonstrates our application of key themes from the academic integrity literature within our teaching and learning practice. Recognizing that mandated academic integrity education can be a challenging learning experience, we discuss our approach to engaging these students in analyzing the common situational factors that post-secondary students face that pose potential academic integrity conflicts and the way ethical decision-making frameworks can support their ability to navigate academic integrity concerns in the future. We conclude the chapter with our key learnings and recommendations for implementing an engaging experience with students who are mandated to attend instruction following an academic integrity violation.
Conference papers on the topic "Listing Decisions"
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Pillai, Asokan P. "Direct Assessment Data Categorization, Integration and Risk Indexation – a Novel Approach." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01479.
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Abstract Direct Assessment is an approved and well established pipeline integrity inspection protocol. As this is a data intensive program, this paper is intended to provide a critical listing of the various data categories including Pipe Related, Construction Related, Soil/Environmental, Corrosion Control, Operational Data and Right of Way (ROW) elements. A novel approach integrating the data elements of External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA), Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) and Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment (SCCDA) in a single exercise is discussed extensively, illustrating the key benefits. A typical analysis chart, incorporating the pertinent elements, is also presented. Lastly, a practical relative risk indexation system is suggested for each element so as to facilitate standardized criteria for continuous consistency for sound pipeline integrity management decisions, including determining dig locations and justifying the integrity assessment process. Overall, this paper will illustrate the categorization and integration of ECDA, ICDA, SCCDA and ROW data elements in a holistic program and their respective relative risk index so as to avail a consistent system that is truly continuously improving.
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Garcia, Alfonso, Len J. Krissa, and Jerry DeWitt. "Repair Prioritization Analysis for Cased Pipeline Crossings." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07587.
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Abstract A major pipeline Company has an inventory of approximately 2300 cased crossings throughout the various regions of Canada and the USA. Emphasis for managing and controlling corrosion within cased pipeline crossings is increasing from both operator and regulatory perspectives. Understanding the causes and characteristics of carrier pipe corrosion is an important stride towards improved integrity management of cased crossings. An excavation at a cased highway location is a complicated and intrusive process considering the impact to traffic and the numerous permits required prior to initiating any repair activity. Execution of repair activities under these circumstances is also very expensive and time constrained. The pipeline industry has recognized these challenges and responded with a proactive solution to prevent situations of this nature. A vapor phase corrosion inhibitor gel solution is being applied to control the corrosiveness of the environment within the annular space of the casing and its effectiveness is continually monitored using remote telecommunication technologies. The technique is very effective on a case by case basis; however due to the number of casings within the system, it becomes impractical to qualify the entire inventory. Subsequently, a prioritization method has been developed to select cased crossings that require immediate mitigation and also schedule long range planning for repairs. The innovative and systematic process evaluates critical information and attributes within an expert environment using established decision making techniques. Priority for all locations is determined by structuring a hierarchy of criteria and eliciting technical judgment of company’s Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), stakeholders, and unbiased industry specialists. Experts’ opinions are supported by combining Cathodic Protection (CP) and Inline Inspections (ILI) results within a structured, multi-criteria decision making matrix to create an enterprise listing for the casing management program.
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Hadzi-Velkova, Biljana. "Determinants of Leverage of the Companies Listed on the Official Market of the Macedonian Stock Exchange." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2023.0030.
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The decisions pertaining to the choice of the type of financing are ones of paramount importance for every company, since they have a direct impact on its profitability. Adequate choice of capital structure can minimize the overall cost of financing, which, in turn, leads to maximizing the value of the company. The focus of this paper is to establish and examine the determinants that influence the leverage of the companies listed on the Macedonian Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the Fixed Effects Panel Regression model is used on a sample data that consists of 36 companies, out of which 16 are on the exchange listing and the remaining 20 are on the mandatory listing on the Macedonian Stock Exchange. The data for the analysis is collected from the audited financial statements of these companies for a period of 5 years, starting from 2017 to 2021. The results of the research imply that only two of the total five analyzed variables have certain impact on the capital structure of the companies, while the other three are statistically insignificant and have a negative impact on the leverage. Profitability and tangibility are variables that have statistically significant influence on the leverage of the Macedonian companies, while liquidity, free cash flow and the size of the companies are not statistically significant variables according to this analysis.
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Franca, Josue, and Erik Hollnagel. "Comparative analysis of Air France 447 (2009) and Costa Concordia (2012) using FRAM: how organizational culture influences cockpit/bridge decisions." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003601.
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In the night of June 1st, 2009, the Airbus A330 of the Air France Flight AF 447, on the route between Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and Paris (France), after a series of events, lost altitude and fell into the Atlantic Ocean, leaving no survivors. Few years after this event, in the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, on January 13th, 2012, a cruise vessel named Costa Concordia struck a rock formation on the sea floor, listing and capsizing the vessel, leaving 32 fatalities and dozens of wounded. Two accidents apart in time and space, in different domains - aviation and maritime - but which have more similarities than differences. In this study, a systematic analysis of these two accidents with the FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) is presented, based on the two official reports issued by the responsible authorities, as well as relevant scientific publications about these events. Applying a Human Factors approach, where work systems are analysed from worker’s perspective, understanding the interactions between organizational, technological, environmental, and individual elements, it was possible to comprehend and identify how the organizational decisions, taken in the executive offices, and company’s culture, resonate till the cockpit/bridge decisions. Particularly in these events, it was perceived that this resonance contributed to the accidents, evidencing the real complexity of the workplaces in the aeronautical and maritime industries, where actions, decisions and relationships reverberate (complexly) throughout the system. In this aspect, it was also noted that the levels of complexity of these two distinct domains, despite being structurally different, require the same adaptive and regenerative responses from work systems and, consequently, from workers, generating the organizational culture of work environments.
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Lutz, Andrew R., and Thomas A. Bubenik. "A Practical Approach to Continuous Quality Control of Pipeline System Records." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33224.
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In recent years there has been an industry wide initiative to verify operating pressures by reviewing source records and ensuring they are traceable, verifiable, and complete. A methodology was presented in a recent paper (A Practical Approach to Pipeline System Materials Verification by Lutz and Bubenik) to systematically review and organize records into an auditable framework (i.e. a GIS compatible listing or database). Once operators have completed their systematic records review, they are advised to maximize their investment by performing appropriate on-going records maintenance. An effective records maintenance program will include the following elements to ensure effective management-of-change and continuous quality assurance and quality control. 1. Source documents will be made available to the company engineers and technicians that use the verified information to make everyday integrity and operational decisions (i.e. use a GIS interface to link verified information to the source documents). 2. A controlled process for management-of-change that effectively integrates new construction and replacement records into the existing database. 3. Continuously verify and cross-check pipeline system material properties with… a. …destructive material testing of any pipe that is removed or replaced. b. …in-the-ditch NDE methodologies, such as UT wall-thickness measurements and hardness to yield strength testing. c. …global survey data such as GIS and in-line inspection. 4. A controlled process to resolve records failures that includes the following steps: a. Identify and isolate the data point(s) that are the cause of the records failure. b. Establish a boundary around the potential extents of the records failure. c. Systematically investigate within the established boundary and verify the data discrepancies until the records failure is resolved to a reasonable certainty. By implementing a records maintenance program with these elements, operators will ensure that their records database will be maintained and that the information being relied upon for daily integrity and operational decisions is reliable. Operators will decrease the likelihood of issues resulting from records failures and will ensure their records organization will with stand the scrutiny of future audits and records investigations.
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Sundar, Sivakumar, Marcos Esterman, Brian K. Thorn, and Carol Romanowski. "Warranty Prediction During Product Development: Developing an Event Generation Engine." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13542.
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In 2010, high tech industries including computer makers, peripherals manufacturers, and medical equipment manufacturers spent a total of $8 billion on warranty. Reducing warranty costs improves the manufacturer’s profit and helps to reduce the overall cost of the product. An often cited principle is that approximately 80% of the eventual product cost is ‘locked in’ during the very early stages of product development; however, traditional methods of warranty analysis are not well suited to predict the warranty costs during these early stages. Thus, product development personnel need better tools to make good predictions about the warranty costs so that they can make better decisions to reduce those costs earlier in product development. In order to address this gap, previous research defined a warranty prediction framework, which at its core was a warranty event generation engine integrating the disparate data sources available early in the product development process. The objective of this work was to create an event generation model, which would give the probability of occurrence for a warranty event given the length of time of service for the system. The model developed in this work used three data sources: namely, field data, product development data, and engineering judgment data from our industrial partner. The datasets were then combined using a two-stage numerical Bayes method to predict the probability of occurrence of an event. Various test cases were created by using the different datasets as priors and likelihoods. The results were then compared to an actual field data set to understand how well the model performed. It was found that the model performed well and was able to produce a bounded solution. The paper closes by listing out the future research agenda to create a tool for product development professionals that will help them predict warranty costs.
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"Staff or Society Listings." In 2007 Information, Decision and Control. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idc.2007.374513.
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Nicmane, Lolita Tereze, and Regina Baltusite. "Evaluation of listening as teachers communicative ability in the context of mediation." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.046.
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In recent years, the interest in mediation has increased significantly in school environment. Study groups are organized for both teachers and students. Teachers and agemates can participate in resolving conflicts. To become a mediator, students and teachers need certain competencies, skills and knowledge. The core competence which helps in this process is the communicative competence. The communicative competence is also one of professional competences of a teacher. Listening skills, which ensure the receipt and processing of information and decision-making, plays an important role in the communicative competence. The aim of the article is to evaluate the level of teachers’ listening ability and to improve the mediation training program based on the results of the research. Eighty nine respondents participated in the survey. The data were obtained using the methodology developed by Burley-Allen with 30 statements about listening as an element of the communication process, which was based on the respondents’ self-assessment. The topicality of the article is determined by the fact that listening as a communicative ability is considered within the context of mediation rather than the acquisition of foreign languages. The empiric study analyses the replies given by the respondents, describing the way they listen to a conversation and skills they use to understand the conversation partner better. The study draws a conclusion that teachers must pay attention to listening, when they are not interested in the speaker’s words, as well as to selectivity of attention.
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Social Listening, How, Big Data, and AI Apply in the Business Decision Process. "Machine Learningin FMCG." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100920.
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Without a machine, human beings cannot process the massive data volume produced by us nowadays for business analysis purposes. Being part of the critical decision-making process in the commercial sector, the usage and role of Big Data, especially those collected from social listening are getting important: how a company listen to the true voices from a group of genuine customers and avoid those misleading, fake comments generated by the robot, to enhance the efficiency on measuring competitor's performance towards their marketing return compared to the investment (MROI), is critical and more challenging.In this paper, we will discuss various analytical methodologies from the angles of business and technological viewpoint: what decision-makers want from social media, what kind of information are they looking into, how visualization provides instant insights and what kind of system design provides enough interaction to the decision-maker. We will investigate the real-world challenges and difficulties: how the data inconsistency affects the computational analysis, what kind of obstacles was facing in the existing product de-sign in the market. Finally, we will conclude the used machine learning techniques that can address the mentioned business problems, including the successful rate, accuracy and various efficiency level in the studied samples.
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Gutierrez, David, Nate Anderson, Chad Hanak, Tim Paton, Julia Vallejos, and Nick Brown. "Real-Time Wellbore Placement Improvement with High-Fidelity Trajectory Estimation and Dual-Sensor MWD Packages." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206253-ms.
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Abstract High-fidelity trajectory estimation combined with dual-probe Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) directional instrumentation provides a solution to minimum curvature’s known inefficiencies in modeling the true wellbore position and definition (Stockhausen & Lesso, 2003). While it may not be cost efficient to increase survey frequency from the industry standard of 30ft-200ft, it is possible using the techniques defined in this research to maintain current survey intervals and increase wellbore placement accuracy while reducing positional uncertainty by up to 45% over the most advanced commercially available magnetic survey correction algorithms. Taking advantage of modern MWD tool platforms enables the installation of an additional (30-inch) survey measurement probe in the existing tool string with a fixed and known offset to the primary survey probe. Directional surveys from both survey probes are telemetered to surface at traditional course length survey intervals in real-time. The two surveys along with the known steering and non-steering intervals are processed through a high-fidelity trajectory estimation algorithm to quantify the wellbore behavior between survey stations. The result is a highly accurate and dense survey listing with modeled trajectory waypoints between traditional surveys to reduce the course length between directional measurement datapoints and better capture the true well path. Through extensive lab modeling, it was determined that the use of the dual-probe MWD package in combination with the high-fidelity trajectory estimation algorithm could result in a reduction in the Ellipse of Uncertainty (EOU) by 20% in the horizontal (semi-major) plane and 45% in the vertical (semi-minor) plane when compared to Multi-Station Analysis (MSA) and BHA Sag survey correction techniques. In addition to proof-of-concept modeling, the system has been deployed and used in real-time application on three separate pads, totaling nine wells. The results were able to validate and exceed baseline goals by exhibiting, on average, a reduction of the EOU by 21% in the horizontal plane and 58% in the vertical plane. Further, True Vertical Depth (TVD) error at well Total Depth (TD) in excess of 10ft was observed on three out of nine wells (33%) in this limited real-time application study. This difference was relative to separate, concurrent processing of the surveys via Multi-Station Analysis (MSA) and BHA sag corrections. This level of increased TVD accuracy is significant in many applications, depending on zone thickness and difficulty of geological interpretation. Increased accuracy and reduced uncertainty result from a better understanding of the true well path between traditional course length surveys. The trajectory estimation algorithm quantifies the rotational build/drop and walk rates in real-time and is reinforced by the dual-probe directional survey measurements. These tendencies can be used to better project forward to the bit as the well is drilled. Improved projection to the bit allows for enhanced recognition of deviation from the well plan and better-informed steering decisions.
Reports on the topic "Listing Decisions"
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Doidge, Craig, G. Andrew Karolyi, Karl Lins, Darius Miller, and Rene Stulz. Private Benefits of Control, Ownership, and the Cross-Listing Decision. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11162.
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Avery, Christy, and Anne Matsov. Olympic National Park Consensus Determination of Eligibility: Sol Duc Road (ineligible). National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2310377.
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Sol Duc Road (Olympic National Park) consensus Determination of Eligibility (cDOE) of ineligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Document includes text, sources, maps, photographs, signed by Acting Park Superintendent, and includes concurrence letter from WA State Historic Preservation Office. Document also includes evaluation of 2 additional buildings (OLYM buildings 1155 and 1156) and one site (Sol Duc RV Park), also determined ineligible for the National Register. The Consensus Determination of Eligibility process allows Federal decision makers, in consultation with SHPOs, FPOs, or THPOs, and other consulting parties to assess a property for listing in the NRHP. If they agree that it meets NRHP criteria the property is treated as eligible for purposes of compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act.
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Kashyap, Varsha, Jill Hooks, Asheq Rahman, and Md Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan. Institutional Determinants of Carbon Financial Accounting Practices. Unitec ePress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.084.
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This paper investigates how and why firms affected by Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) are financially accounting for carbon in a voluntary setting. Using institutional theory, the authors seek to identify the determinants of a firm’s decision to adopt a particular carbon financial accounting practice. We identify the recognition and measurement practices for carbon-emission allowances using data gathered from the annual reports of ETS-affected firms in Australia. These practices are identified in the five stages of carbon-emission allowance transactions, namely, when these are: (1) received for free, (2) purchased, (3) used, (4) sold, and (5) surrendered. Inconsistencies in carbon financial accounting practices are observed. The findings reveal that carbon-emission allowances are recorded as intangible assets, but most firms provide incomplete information on their carbon financial accounting practices. Firms also exhibit inconsistencies in specifying how they are ‘recognising’ and ‘measuring’ carbon-emission allowances. The results provide evidence of coercive (regulation) and mimetic (size, leverage, and listing status) pressures being the main determinants of carbon financial accounting practice.
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Denaro, Desirée. How Do Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Scholas' Approach to Engage Youth. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002899.
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The lack of motivation and sense of community within schools have proven to be the two most relevant factors behind the decision to drop out. Despite the notable progress made in school access in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, dropping out of school has still been a problem. This paper explores Scholas Occurrentes pedagogical approach to address these dropouts. Scholas focuses on the voice of students. It seeks to act positively on their motivation by listening to them, creating spaces for discussion, and strengthening soft skills and civic engagement. Scholas aims to enhance the sense of community within schools by gathering students from different social and economic backgrounds and involving teachers, families, and societal actors. This will break down the walls between schools and the whole community. This paper presents Scholas work with three examples from Paraguay, Haiti, and Argentina. It analyzes the positive impacts that Scholas' intervention had on the participants. Then, it focuses on future challenges regarding the scalability and involvement of the institutions in the formulation of new public policies. The approach highlights the participatory nature of education and the importance of all actors engagement.
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Goodwin, Sarah, Yigal Attali, Geoffrey LaFlair, et al. Duolingo English Test - Writing Construct. Duolingo, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46999/arxn5612.
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Assessments, especially those used for high-stakes decision making, draw on evidence-based frameworks. Such frameworks inform every aspect of the testing process, from development to results reporting. The frameworks that language assessment professionals use draw on theory in language learning, assessment design, and measurement and psychometrics in order to provide underpinnings for the evaluation of language skills including speaking, writing, reading, and listening. This paper focuses on the construct, or underlying trait, of writing ability. The paper conceptualizes the writing construct for the Duolingo English Test, a digital-first assessment. “Digital-first” includes technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, with human expert involvement, throughout all item development, test scoring, and security processes. This work is situated in the Burstein et al. (2022) theoretical ecosystem for digital-first assessment, the first representation of its kind that incorporates design, validation/measurement, and security all situated directly in assessment practices that are digital first. The paper first provides background information about the Duolingo English Test and then defines the writing construct, including the purposes for writing. It also introduces principles underpinning the design of writing items and illustrates sample items that assess the writing construct.
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Vano, Julie, Tanya Petach, Jeffrey Deems, et al. A Collaborative, In Situ Mountain Hydrology NASA Test Bed. Aspen Global Change Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69925/vcbq9771.
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Beginning primarily as snowmelt from the Rocky Mountains, the Colorado River supplies water to over 40 million people in seven U.S. states and Mexico. As demand for water grows and climate-driven drought threatens supply, there is an urgent need to advance decision-relevant hydrologic research in this region, which serves as an example for similarly positioned mountain headwaters around the world. Within this report we share the design for a collaborative process for testing innovative approaches to doing research—a test bed for short—that leverages existing research efforts and articulates strategies for accelerating the science resource managers are seeking to address this need. We designed this test bed by 1) engaging researchers and those who forecast, operate, and manage resources and 2) by employing collaborative science expertise and network analysis. Our activities involved investigations into areas of untapped potential (including 15 events on a listening tour), the research landscape, and the user needs landscape, which we drew upon to design our proposed test bed. This test bed is built from a suite of recommendations (listed below) based on those explorations. The proposed test bed supports an approach to conducting mountain hydrology research that complements NASA science goals and that is centered on collaborations and strategic monitoring, modeling, and data science enhanced by local partners to: Accelerate understanding of mountain water cycles and improve forecasts in a rapidly changing world; Use long-term monitoring to calibrate, validate, complement, and enhance satellite data and land surface models; and Cultivate learning and community building among scientists, within and across institutions, and in collaboration with research users. In general, we focus on systematic ways to build on what already exists (vs. creating something entirely new). Through our work in designing the test bed, we utilize network analysis, user needs synthesis, and collaboration management (bringing people together in ways that support collaborative science)—tools that will also help to further refine and sustain the effort. This report develops a suite of broadly applicable recommendations for future work (summarized below), as well as action items more specific to the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology program.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Nordic youth voices – The pandemic and the right to be heard. Nordic Welfare Centre, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52746/jziu8194.
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Being heard and involved in all matters that concern them is important for children and youth. In this collection of filmed interviews, youth in the Nordic region give insights into how the pandemic affected them. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, it has become evident that most of the measures to prevent the spread of the virus were implemented by decision-makers without consulting or listening to children and youth. This is a violation of children’s rights under Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Consequently, some of the measures seriously impacted children and youth. Watch our filmed interviews with youth in the Nordic region. They give insights into how the pandemic affected them, but also talk about how things could have been different. If things had been managed differently, with more influence for the youth, it would have cause them less stress.
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Creative Praxis and Working with Children and Young People. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/rejuvenate.2022.002.
Full textAbstract:
The series of Rejuvenate dialogues are intended to foster discussion and debate across a community of practitioners working on child and youth rights. Dialogue three explored the transformative capacity of creative praxis and how it can strengthen rights and participation for children and young people. During the dialogue, we highlighted the importance of moving from the UNCRC’s 3Ps (protection, provision, participation) to the 3Ss (space, support, system change). Safe spaces can build confidence and decision-making capacity. Support and active listening fosters inter-generational community building. Meanwhile, system change involves challenging the social hierarchies that reproduce ‘adultism’ and exclusionary mentalities towards young people. On the 23rd February 2022, we gathered online with three key speakers and a diversity of participants from around the world to reflect upon the role of creative practice when working with children and young people. Three key speakers presented their experiences before a short Question & Answers session.
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Creative Praxis and Working with Children and Young People. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/rejuvenate.2022.002.
Full textAbstract:
The series of Rejuvenate dialogues are intended to foster discussion and debate across a community of practitioners working on child and youth rights. Dialogue three explored the transformative capacity of creative praxis and how it can strengthen rights and participation for children and young people. During the dialogue, we highlighted the importance of moving from the UNCRC’s 3Ps (protection, provision, participation) to the 3Ss (space, support, system change). Safe spaces can build confidence and decision-making capacity. Support and active listening fosters inter-generational community building. Meanwhile, system change involves challenging the social hierarchies that reproduce ‘adultism’ and exclusionary mentalities towards young people. On the 23rd February 2022, we gathered online with three key speakers and a diversity of participants from around the world to reflect upon the role of creative practice when working with children and young people. Three key speakers presented their experiences before a short Question & Answers session.