To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Litchi – Varieties.
Journal articles on the topic 'Litchi – Varieties'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 36 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Litchi – Varieties.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Li, Hui, Diejun Huang, Qiuzhuo Ma, Wene Qi, and Hua Li. "Factors Influencing the Technology Adoption Behaviours of Litchi Farmers in China." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010271.
Full textAbstract:
Litchi is a traditional tree crop grown in Southern China. Sustainable development of the litchi industry is reliant on technology adoption by farmers. The top grafting technique allows for the introduction of new, quality litchi varieties. The fact that these new varieties ripen earlier or later than the traditional ones helps stabilize litchi prices. Selling new litchi varieties can increase farmers’ incomes through higher prices of quality varieties and stabilizing prices by staggering the harvest periods. However, the rate of adoption of top grafting among farmers is low, and up till now, more than half of the litchi trees in China are still traditional litchi varieties. This study explores the factors that influence top grafting adoption by litchi farmers. Using primary data gathered by the China Agriculture Research System of Litchi and Longan (CARSLL) from 567 litchi farming households, a binary logit choice model is employed to determine the factors that influence adoption of litchi top grafting among litchi farmers. The results show that farmers owning larger litchi orchards are more likely to adopt top grafting compared to ones owning smaller orchards. Litchi information accumulation, including experience and training, significantly influences farmers’ technology adoption levels. Moreover, a positive attitude toward technology also significantly influences technology adoption behaviours.
2
Uddin, H., and S. Chowhan. "Performance of Indian spinach and papaya in litchi based agroforestry system." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 1 (August 12, 2016): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i1.29210.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation was conducted at Borjona village of Kapasia, Gazipur district during September 2011 to October 2012 to examine the biological performance of Indian spinach and papaya in litchi based agroforestry system. Papaya was planted between two litchi plants in each line and Indian spinach varieties were grown in the inter-space of two lines of litchi plant as well as control (farmers practice) in May 2012. Yield and yield contributing characters of Indian spinach varieties grown as litchi-papaya based agroforestry system and control did not vary. However, sprout plant-1 and sprout weight of Indian spinach varieties grown in litchi-papaya based system were significantly influenced while the other parameters did not vary. Sprout plant-1 of KS green (2.97) and local (2.89) variety were identical but higher over KS red variety (2.57). Sprout weight of KS red variety was the highest (85.80 g) while KS green and local variety gave lower and identical sprout weight. Though the yield did not vary among the varieties, KS red gave the highest yield (36.32 t ha- 1) followed by local (34.61 t ha-1) and KS green (34.00 t ha-1). In case of growth of litchi, plant height and stem diameter increment were 21.39 and 44.94 % over the eleven months observation period. The yield of papaya was quite satisfactory with an average 42 fruits per plant with 23.71 t ha-1. Therefore, in the Litchi-Papaya-Indian spinach based system, Indian spinach varieties could be ranked as KS red > Local> KS green.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (1): 34-40, June, 2016
3
Wu, Jiefang, Danwen Fu, Jiezhen Chen, Changhe Cai, Qian Yan, and Liangxi Ou. "Pollen Quantity and Viability in 65 Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Cultivars." HortScience 52, no. 10 (October 2017): 1337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12193-17.
Full textAbstract:
The characteristics of litchi pollen have drawn increasing attention in recent years. Previous studies indicated that there are significant differences in the quantity and viability of litchi pollen grains among different varieties and flowering stages. Moreover, the same variety may show a different quantity of pollen grains and viability in different years. There is still a lack of systematic studies on the change of pollen germination rate and pollen amount in different varieties and at different flowering stages. In this study, the changes in the germination rate of pollen at different development stages were studied. It was primarily revealed that the pollen germination rate already approached its peak upon the filament extends fully, but the anther does not dehisce the developmental stage. In 2009 and 2010, the viability and number of pollen grains per anther were investigated in 65 litchi cultivars, and a difference was observed among cultivars. The pollen germination rate ranged between 20.14% (‘Wuchali’) and 54.69% (‘Donlongmili’). The number of pollen grains per anther ranged between 1555 (‘Zhongshanzhuangyuanhong’) and 7455 (‘Houye’). Sixty-five litchi cultivars were classified into six clusters based on the pollen quantity and germination rate. Most litchi cultivars can produce large amounts of viable and compatible pollen grains during the flowering period. Thus, our results indicate that the pollen amount and germination rate might not be the only factors restricting the successful pollination of litchi.
4
Amaral, I., L. G. Matta, and D. J. Andrade. "Population dynamics of Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) reveals differential responses of lychee varieties." Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
Lychee productivity (Litchi chinensis) has been decreasing since the appearance of the erinose mite Aceria litchii (Keifer) in the main producing regions. This mite causes erinose formation in leaflets, branches, and fruits, which affects fruit productivity and quality. This study referred to an assessment of the population dynamics of this mite associated with abiotic factors in different lychee varieties during 25 months. For the assessments, the germplasm bank of the Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP–Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, with lychees in full production was used. The assessed varieties were Bengal, Americana, Brewster, Groff, and WB4. Aceria litchii occurred in lychee plants over the years, reaching the highest levels in October and November. These results are considered important for the establishment of a more adequate management program for A. litchii. In this study, we verified that the Bengal variety (widely commercialized) is one of the varieties more susceptible to the mite attack. The variety Americana showed resistance to the mite. Despite the occurrence records for the pest in this variety, the number of individuals and, consequently, the erinose was reduced. Information reported here on the relationships between lychee varieties and the main crop pest is essential to implement plant-breeding programs or even select resistant or tolerant varieties to the erinose mite.
5
Gontier, E., N. Boussouel, C. Terrasse, M. Jannoyer, M. Ménard, B. Thomasset, and F. Bourgaud. "Litchi chinensis fatty acid diversity: occurrence of the unusual cyclopropanoic fatty acids." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280578.
Full textAbstract:
Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) is a tree that originates from China and is cultivated for its sweet fruits all over the world in warm climates. Unusual fatty acids such as cyclopropanoic fatty acids have been identified in the seeds of Litchi. Because of their potential value for industry (as inks, cosmetics, detergents, lubricants, etc.), the variability in the relative levels of unusual fatty acids in the seeds of 28 different Litchi varieties was analysed at two locations (on Ræunion Island in the Indian Ocean) and on two different harvest dates. Except for one variety, all the seeds contained cis-9, 10-methylene-octadecanoic acid (C19CA) at a relative level of 35–48%. The only variety that contained no or only traces of C19CA was Groff, seeds of which were significantly much smaller than those from all other varieties.
6
Akter, R., M. Serajul Islam, and H. Jahan. "Profitability of litchi production in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i2.28800.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examined the profitability of litchi production in Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. Both primary and secondary data were used to accomplish the study. The primary data were collected during production period of litchi from February to May, 2015 through direct interviews with litchi growers. In total 60 litchi growers were interviewed from four villages of Dinajpur district to collect the necessary information. Profitability analysis was employed for analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses of the study. The life cycle of litchi is divided into five parts; juvenile or non-bearing stage, early bearing stage, young bearing orchards, full bearing orchards and old declining orchard, respectively. Per acre production in a season of its full bearing stage was considered for this paper. The production of litchi largely depends on its age and weather during the four month of litchi production. The major findings of the present study revealed that per acre net return of litchi considering selected varieties was Tk. 171624 based on one production period (February to May) in its full bearing stages which means litchi production is a profitable enterprise.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 283-289, December 2015
7
Rahman, M., M. Bari, M. Rahman, M. Ginnah, and M. Rahman. "Screening of Potato Varieties under Litchi Based Agroforestry System." American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 14, no. 1 (January 10, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2016/28695.
Full text
8
Hossain, MA, MR Molla, and I. Ahmed. "Morphological characterization of geographical indication litchi crops and released varieties grown in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 1 (March 29, 2017): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i1.31984.
Full textAbstract:
Four Geographical Indication litchi genotypes (GIs) viz., Kadmi Lichu, Mongalbari Lichu, Deshi/Ati/Rajshahi Local (BARI Lichu-1) and Bedana Lichu, and three released varieties viz., BARI Lichu-2, 3 and 4) were characterized morphologically during July 2012 to June 2013 with a view to identifying the degree of morphological and genetic variation of litchi within cultivars, and to establish a permanent database for documentation of litchi. Morphological characterization data were recorded from standing trees of the most concentrated areas of cultivation for GIs and the respective stations from where the variety was released viz., Kadmi from Sonargaon, Narayanganj; Mongalbari from Pakundia, Kishoreganj; Rajshahi Local from Mohanpur village of Shyampur union under Rajshahi district; Bedana from Masimpur, Dinajpur; BARI Lichu-2 and BARI Lichu-3 from RARS, Akbarpur and BARI Lichu-4 from BSPC, Debiganj. Historical background of geographical indication crops of litchi as described by aged people of their most concentrated areas of cultivation indicated that the cultivars were originated naturally in those areas. The cultivars were very location specific. They do not perform well in respect of yield and quality outside their areas of origin indicating their very narrow adaptability range. It was another indication regarding location of origin of the GI crops. On the other hand, the exotic cultivars grown in the country such as BARI Lichu-2, BARI Lichu-3 etc. possess country wide adaptability. Wide variations were observed among the GI crops and released varieties included in this study for plant, leaf, inflorescence, flower and fruit characters. Variation was also recorded in respect of incidence of biotic and abiotic stresses like insect pests, mites, diseases, sunburn, fruit cracking and fruit drop. Each GI/released variety possesses some unique characters, which distinguish it from all other genotypes.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 103-120, March 2017
9
Khan, MAH, I. Hossain, MU Ahmad, and MSM Chowdhury. "Leaf Blight Disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in the Nurseries of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and its Management." Agriculturists 15, no. 1 (August 4, 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v15i1.33424.
Full textAbstract:
Leaf blight of seven varieties of litchi caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae was surveyed in the nurseries of major litchi growing areas in Bangladesh viz. Rajshahi, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Mymensingh and Khagrachari. The mean level of incidence and severity were 8.58 and 7.88% in Rajshahi, 9.88 and 8.88% in Dinajpur, 8.44 and 7.76% in Rangpur, 6.50 and 6.18% in Mymensingh and 9.00 and 7.98% in Khagrachari. Incidence and severity of bacterial leaf blight disease of litchi varied significantly depending on weather conditions. Correlation studies revealed that bacterial leaf blight disease of litchi seedlings were positively correlated with temperature, rainfall and relative humidity, where temperature and rainfall was the major factor to the variations of both incidence and severity. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that among fifteen isolates, most of the isolates of P. syringae pv. syringae collected from litchi were sensitive to Gentamycin and Erythromycin. Under net house condition, six different treatments (i) Gentamycin @ 0.05%, (ii) Erythromycin @ 0.05%, (iii) Doxycycline @ 0.05%,(iv) Copper sulphate @ 0.05%, (v) BAU-Biofungicide @ 2% and (vi) Control were used for controlling bacterial leaf blight of litchi (Variety: China-3). BAU-Biofungicide was found to be superior in controlling bacterial leaf blight of litchi that reduced 33.64% disease incidence and 60.77 % disease severity in 2010-11 and 63.76% disease incidence and 61.40 % disease severity in 2011-12 over control when applied as foliar spray @ 2% followed by Copper sulphate (0.05%) and Erythromycin (0.05%).The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 10-18
10
Xu, Sai, Huazhong Lu, Enli Lu, and Keming Hou. "Nondestructive Classification and Recognition of Litchi Varieties Using Bionic Electronic Nose." Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 12, no. 6 (October 25, 2016): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.12.2970.
Full text
11
Hasan, Md Mahmodul, Md Jahirul Islam, Subodh Kumar Sarkar, and Nurul Absar. "Evaluation of major nutritional components and phytochemical screening of four different Bangladeshi branded unifloral honey and their brine shrimp toxicity study." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (September 28, 2016): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6670.
Full textAbstract:
The research work was conducted to investigate the biochemical composition of four different Bangladeshi branded unifloral honey. The honey from Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Black cumin (Nigella sativa), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Mustard (Brassica campestris) were used. We investigated color, pH, Moisture, Dry matter ,Specific gravity, Total sugar, Reducing sugar, Non reducing sugar, Crude protein, Water soluble protein, Lipid, Ash, Total Carbohydrate, Metabolizable energy, Vitamin C and minerals content. The result revealed the presence of nutrient constituent among the varieties comprising pH(3.47 to 4.06),specific gravity(1.32 to 1.37),dry matter(85.2 to 86.6%), moisture(13.4 to 14.7%),ash(0.64 to 0.66%),lipid(0.14 to 0.16%),crude protein(0.63 to 0.73%), total carbohydrate(83.70 to 85.18%), metabolizing energy(2763.59 to 2808.95Kcal/Kg),total sugar(77.36 to 81.2%),reducing sugar(60.5 to 63.03%),non-reducing sugar(16.61 to 18.17%),vitamin C (4.63 to 6.36mg%), and minerals such as Calcium(6.36 to 7.87mg%) and Iron(1.62 to 1.89mg%) respectively. Moreover, alkaloids, flavonoids found in all varieties but only polyphenols was absent in Black cumin varieties. In the cytotoxic activity studies, LC50 values were obtained in the range of 4800 to 4966.7µg/ml.
12
Islam, M. S., M. Ibrahim ., M. A. Rahman ., M. A. Uddin ., and S. K. Biswas . "Studies on the Fruit Characteristics, Bio-chemical Composition and Storage Behaviour of Litchi Varieties." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2002): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2003.70.72.
Full text
13
Chen, Wanmei, Yueguan Fu, Fangping Zhang, and Zhengqiang Peng. "Effect of different varieties of litchi on the development and reproduction of Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst)." Systematic and Applied Acarology 10 (August 20, 2004): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.10.1.3.
Full text
14
Wang, Jun, Xiao Fang Wu, Yong Tang, Jian Guo Li, and Ming Lei Zhao. "RNA-Seq Provides New Insights into the Molecular Events Involved in “Ball-Skin versus Bladder Effect” on Fruit Cracking in Litchi." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010454.
Full textAbstract:
Fruit cracking is a disorder of fruit development in response to internal or external cues, which causes a loss in the economic value of fruit. Therefore, exploring the mechanism underlying fruit cracking is of great significance to increase the economic yield of fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanism underlying fruit cracking is still poorly understood. Litchi, as an important tropical and subtropical fruit crop, contributes significantly to the gross agricultural product in Southeast Asia. One important agricultural concern in the litchi industry is that some famous varieties with high economic value such as ‘Nuomici’ are susceptible to fruit cracking. Here, the cracking-susceptible cultivar ‘Nuomici’ and cracking-resistant cultivar ‘Huaizhi’ were selected, and the samples including pericarp and aril during fruit development and cracking were collected for RNA-Seq analysis. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the “ball-skin versus bladder effect” theory (fruit cracking occurs upon the aril expanding pressure exceeds the pericarp strength), it was found that seven co-expression modules genes (1733 candidate genes) were closely associated with fruit cracking in ‘Nuomici’. Importantly, we propose that the low expression level of genes related to plant hormones (Auxin, Gibberellins, Ethylene), transcription factors, calcium transport and signaling, and lipid synthesis might decrease the mechanical strength of pericarp in ‘Nuomici’, while high expression level of genes associated with plant hormones (Auxin and abscisic acid), transcription factors, starch/sucrose metabolism, and sugar/water transport might increase the aril expanding pressure, thereby resulting in fruit cracking in ‘Nuomici’. In conclusion, our results provide comprehensive molecular events involved in the “ball-skin versus bladder effect” on fruit cracking in litchi.
15
Carrillo, Daniel, Luisa F. Cruz, Alexandra M. Revynthi, Rita E. Duncan, Gary R. Bauchan, Ronald Ochoa, Paul E. Kendra, and Samuel J. Bolton. "Detection of the Lychee Erinose Mite, Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in Florida, USA: A Comparison with Other Alien Populations." Insects 11, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040235.
Full textAbstract:
The lychee erinose mite (LEM), Aceria litchii (Keifer) is a serious pest of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). LEM causes a type of gall called ‘erineum’ (abnormal felty growth of trichomes from the epidermis), where it feeds, reproduces and protects itself from biotic and abiotic adversities. In February of 2018, LEM was found in a commercial lychee orchard on Pine Island, Florida. Infestations were recorded on young leaves, stems, and inflorescences of approximately 30 young trees (1.5–3.0 yrs.) of three lychee varieties presenting abundant new growth. Although LEM is present in Hawaii, this mite is a prioritized quarantine pest in the continental USA and its territories. Florida LEM specimens showed small morphological differences from the original taxonomic descriptions of Keifer (1943) and Huang (2008). The observed differences are probably an artifact of the drawings in the original descriptions. Molecular comparisons were conducted on the DNA of LEM specimens from India, Hawaii, Brazil, Taiwan, Australia and Florida. The amplified COI fragment showed very low nucleotide variation among the locations and thus, could be used for accurate LEM identification. The ITS1 sequences and partial 5.8S fragments displayed no nucleotide differences for specimens from any of the locations except Australia. Consistent differences were observed in the ITS2 and 28S fragments. The ITS1-ITS2 concatenated phylogeny yielded two lineages, with Australia in one group and Hawaii, India, Brazil, Florida and Taiwan in another. Specimens from Taiwan and Florida present identical ITS and rDNA segments, suggesting a common origin; however, analysis of additional sequences is needed to confirm the origin of the Florida population.
16
Gotame, Tek P., Ishwori P. Gautam, Surendra L. Shrestha, Jiban Shrestha, and Bal Krishna Joshi. "Advances in fruit breeding in Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i1.27183.
Full textAbstract:
Nepal has spent about six decades on fruit development and research in different species. Fruit breeding particularly local and exotic germplasm collection started after 1950s and has gained momentum after the formation of commodity programme in 1972 AD. Major researches in the past were focused on indigenous and exotic genotype collection, evaluation, selection, propagation protocol standardization and adoptive trials. Some good ground works have already been done in major fruits such as apple, pear, plum, persimmon, kiwifruit, citrus, litchi, guava, pomegranate, walnut, papaya, banana and mango. The major public institutions involved in fruit breeding are Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) following Agriculture and Forestry University. Some of the private nurseries like Everything Organic Nursery, Kavre and Technology Demonstration Centre of ICIMOD, Lalitpur were also involved in introduction and maintenance of indigenous and exotic fruit species. National Centre for Fruit Development, Kirtipur; Tropical Region Horticulture Centre, Nawalpur; Temperate Horticulture Farm, Satbanj, and Horticulture Farm, Marpha collected many local and exotic fruits and maintained at field gene bank. Horticulture Research Station, Rajikot has introduced 25 spur type apple cultivars and maintained in field gene bank. National Citrus Research Programme, Paripatle has introduced, collected and maintained 130 genotypes including exotic and indigenous landraces of citrus. Two varieties of acid lime ‘Sunkagati-1’ and ‘Sunkagati-2’ have been released and one variety ‘Terhathum Local’ has been registered. ‘Khoku Selection’ of mandarin orange has also been registered. Banana varieties 'Malbhog', 'Willium Hybrid' and 'G9' has been selected by participatory varietal selection and registered. To strengthen fruit breeding in the nation, NARC needs to be restructured with special focus on fruit researches. Establishment of national fruit commodity programs along with establishment of Tropical Fruit Research Station in Province 2 and Temperate Fruit Research Station in Province 5 at national level can streamline NARC's fruit breeding researches.
17
PORAT, ZEPHYRA. "TOWARDS THE PROMETHEAN LEDGE: VARIETIES OF SCEPTIC EXPERIANCE IN MELVILLE'SCLAREL." Literature and Theology 8, no. 1 (1994): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litthe/8.1.30.
Full text
18
Benson, Julietta. "VARIETIES OF ‘DIS-BELIFE’: ANTONIA WHITE AND THE DISCOURSES OF FAITH AND SCEPTICISM." Literature and Theology 7, no. 3 (1993): 284–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litthe/7.3.284.
Full text
19
Watts, K. J. "THE HUTTON SANDSTONE-BIRKHEAD FORMATION TRANSITION, ATP 269P(1), EROMANGA BASIN." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86018.
Full textAbstract:
The Hutton Sandstone and Birkhead Formation are the reservoir and seal, respectively, for most ofthe oil discovered in the Eromanga Basin. The traps are generally simple anticlinal closures; however stratigraphic complexities are common. Development well failures in ATP 269P(1) are commonly caused by stratigraphic variations at the Hutton-Birkhead transition.In ATP 269P(1) two distinct sandstone compositions are present over the Hutton-Birkhead transition, and are end-members of a spectrum of compositions. The first end-member consists of porous and permeable quartzose sandstone which is typical of the Hutton Sandstone. The second end-member is a lithic labile sandstone which is generally not of reservoir quality and is typical of the Birkhead Formation. Mixed and interbedded varieties are common, and are included in the Birkhead. The sandstone composition indicates that the quartzose 'Hutton' variety was derived from a stable, plutonic-metamorphic craton, whereas the lithic 'Birkhead' variety was sourced from a tectonically mobile belt, consisting of acid to intermediate volcanics, regional metamorphics, and metasediments.The Bodalla South Field displays a gradational change from quartzose sandstone in the Hutton to mixed and interbedded varieties in the Birkhead. Substantial range in reservoir quality is seen in the field and is related to sandstone composition and to a fluviodeltaic environment of deposition. In the Kenmore Field lithic sandstone, deposited in channels eroded into the quartzose sediments, provides stratigraphic enhancement of the structural closure.Similar relationships are seen in the Jackson-Naccowlah area and the Surat Basin and are linked to a change from a single provenance during deposition of the Hutton to a dual provenance during deposition of the Birkhead. This change was caused by increased activity in a mid-Jurassic arc system off the present Queensland coast and has important implications for petroleum exploration in the Eromanga and Surat Basins.
20
Alam, Taufan, Priyono Suryanto, Aprilia Ike Nurmalasari, and Budiastuti Kurniasih. "GGE-Biplot Analysis for Soybean Varieties Suitability in an Agroforestry System based on Kayu Putih Stands." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 34, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v34i2.30434.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The existence of genotype and environment (G x E) interaction causes difficulty in selecting suitable varieties of soybean in an agroforestry system based on <em>kayu putih</em> stands. This study aimed to determine the suitability of adaptive, stable and high yield soybean varieties in an agroforestry system based on <em>kayu putih</em> stands by using GGE-Biplot analysis. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2018 at Menggoran Forest Resort, Playen District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five block as replications. The first factor was soil type in Menggoran Forest Resort, consisting of Lithic Haplusterts, Vertic Haplustalfs and Ustic Endoaquerts. The second factor was soybean varieties, consisting of Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Burangrang, Dering I, Devon I, Gema and Grobogan. The observation was carried out on seed dry weight of soybean per hectare. The data were analyzed using Combined Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with α = 5% and GGE-Biplot. Dering I was the most suitable varieties in an agroforestry system based on <em>kayu putih</em> stands and showed the mean of highest yield of 1.22 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
21
Sánchez-Yustos, Policarpo, Joan Garcia Garriga, and Kenneth Martínez. "Experimental Approach to the Study of the European Mode 1 Lithic Record: The Bipolar Core Technology at Vallparadís (Barcelona, Spain)." European Journal of Archaeology 20, no. 2 (January 9, 2017): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2016.9.
Full textAbstract:
In this article we present an experimental approach focused on bipolar core technology. The main goal is to define the major constraints and parameters faced when identifying the bipolar component of the Early Pleistocene site of Vallparadís (Spain). For these experiments we have used the same varieties of raw materials and blanks as those documented in the archaeological record. The methodological framework applied in the study of the experimental sample is largely based on the most diagnostic parameters recurrently cited in bipolar-related literature: double striking platforms and opposite battering damage. This information has been encoded by grouping blanks, cores and detached elements in morphotechnical types. The results suggest that the reduction process is conditioned by the morphology and fracture consistency of the knapped nodules. Although blank morphology does not categorically determine the final shape of the cores and flakes, there is a clear correlation between them. The most diagnostic parameter for identifying bipolar objects in statistical terms is the presence of opposite battering damage. However, there are many non-diagnostic pieces generated throughout the bipolar knapping process. Hence we consider it pertinent to analyse the archaeological assemblage of Vallparadís according to alternative methodological approaches (e.g. morphotechnical types).
22
Rey-Solé, Mar, Maria Pilar García-Argüelles, Jordi Nadal, Xavier Mangado, Anders Scherstén, and Tomas Næraa. "Preliminary Archaeopetrological Study of the Lithic Industry From the l’Hort de la Boquera Rock Shelter (Margalef de Montsant, Tarragona, Spain): Applying Mineralogical and Geochemical Techniques." Archaeologia Polona 56 (January 1, 2018): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/apa56.2018.002.
Full textAbstract:
The l’Hort de la Boquera site is located in the northeastern part of Iberia and its stone tool assemblage includes up to 25,000 flint artefacts. This is the first approach to the analysis of the raw material through an archaeopetrological study. Results were obtained by use of mineralogi¬cal techniques: macroscopic and petrographic analysis, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Micro-Raman and X-Ray diffraction (XRD); additionally, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry was applied. It has been possible to discriminate at least four flint categories, the ‘Evaporitic flint type’ (with two local subvarieties – ‘Common evaporitic’ and ‘Garnet’ varieties) that comes from local outcrops of the Ulldemolins Complex, and two flint types that had their origin further afield: the ‘Charophyta flint type’ (coming from the Torrente de Cinca Unit) and the ‘Dark flint type’ (from the La Serra Llarga Formation).These results make this study the most comprehensive analysis of raw materials that has been carried out in the area so far
23
Williams, John, and David Jenkins. "A Petrographic Investigation of a Corpus of Bronze Age Cinerary Urns from the Isle of Anglesey." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65 (1999): 189–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001997.
Full textAbstract:
The results are presented of a comprehensive petrographic study of 82 Bronze Age cinerary vessels from the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. Petrographic analysis is particularly appropriate when applied to this island location with its diverse and well defined geology. The pottery is characterised by a distinctive range of clasts, of which the most characteristic are varieties of igneous rocks and sandstone. The clasts can be matched to outcrops on the island with one exception which could have been derived from a known mainland source. The particular rock types seen in the pottery are not common in the island's alluvial and glacial sediments and it is therefore concluded that the potters showed a strong preference for specific dark coloured igneous rock types as added filler, in common with other Bronze Age potters in Britain. Although typology implies some extraneous influences, petrography indicates that the pottery was made on the island. However, despite the varied geology, the widespread distribution of many of the crucial rock types (dolerites, lithic sandstones) across the island means that individual production centres cannot be distinguished, a difficulty exacerbated by the lack of known habitation sites and associated domestic pottery. The question as to whether specifically designed pottery or redundant domestic pottery was used for burials is discussed, but remains unresolved.
24
Knezevic, Milan, and Olivera Kosanin. "Edaphic potentials of beech forests on Brezovica." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 86 (2002): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0286135k.
Full textAbstract:
The study deals with the soils in the montane beech forest (Fagetum moesiacae montanum Jov. 53) in the management units "Ju?ni Ku?aj II" and "Bogovina I", on the mountain massif Brezovica. Soil genesis in the beech forests of Brezovica, along with vegetation and relief, was affected by the character of parent rock. The study soils occur over two types of bedrock: limestone and argilloschist The soil types and sub-types are defined based on the profile morphology, parent rock and pedogenetic processes Two types of soil were analysed on limestone: black earth (calcomelanosol) and brown soil (calcocambisol). Two sub-types of black earth were defined: organomineral and brownised. There are two varieties of organomineral black earth: colluvial and lithic. Also two sub-types of brown soils were defined and: typical and illimerised. The soils on limestone are characterised by great spatial variability. Different combinations of soil formations occur on a small area. Soil combinations consist of two or three development phases, the most represented of which are the following: organomineral black earth - brownised black earth; organomineral black earth - brownised black earth - typical brown soil; typical brown soil - illimerised soil Typical brown soil is formed on argilloschists and it occurs in two forms: medium deep, medium skeletal acid brown soil and deep, poorly skeletal acid brown soil The most productive sites of the montane beech forest on Brezovica are deep acid brown soils and the soil combination: typical brown soil - illimerised soil on limestone.
25
Henrique-Pinto, R., C. Guilmette, C. Bilodeau, R. Stevenson, and B. B. Carvalho. "Petrography, geochemistry, and Nd isotope systematics of metaconglomerates and matrix-rich metasedimentary rocks: implications for the provenance and tectonic setting of the Labrador Trough, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 6 (June 2019): 672–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0187.
Full textAbstract:
The New Quebec Orogen consists of a supracrustal belt that was reworked when the Superior Craton collided with the Core Zone terrane during the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogeny. Within the New Quebec Orogen, the Kaniapiskau Supergroup can be divided into four terrigenous lithotypes metamorphosed at low-grade: one set with greater compositional and textural sedimentary maturity classified as quartz arenites and subarkoses, and another set with lower textural maturity classified as feldspathic wackes and mudrocks. In contrast, the Laporte Group includes homogeneous lithotypes represented by feldspathic and lithic wackes with a range of matrix contents metamorphosed at low to medium grade. The Kaniapiskau Supergroup rocks have a wide range of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents (SiO2/Al2O3 = 3.7–51) compared to the restricted compositional range of the Laporte Group rocks (SiO2/Al2O3 = 4.4–6.8). In general, the geochemical variations in both formations of the Laporte Group are within the range of the main clast varieties from basal metaconglomerates, although the Deborah Formation (top unit) records higher TiO2, P2O5, MgO, and Ni contents and high Cr/Th, Co/Ba, Th/U, and Rb/Sr ratios indicating additional mafic sources. Our results support the hypothesis that the Kaniapiskau Supergroup was deposited along an intraplate continental margin with predominantly recycled (εNd(1.87Ga) –12) Paleoarchean sources (TDM 3.2 Ga). In contrast, the Laporte Group marks the transition from a continental forearc (Grand Rosoy Fm.) with a typical juvenile source, including granitic clasts (εNd(1.83Ga) –0.1 to +3.1), to a wedge-top depozone (Deborah Fm.) in the context of a collisional proforeland basin. This syncollisional sedimentary environment is characterized by the presence of old crustal components (εNd(1.83Ga) –4.4 to –9.1).
26
Lima, A. S. O. D., A. R. Melo, L. F. Oliveira, V. R. Tolentino, and C. S. V. Branco. "Análises físicas, composição centesimal e nutricional de minimilho (Zea mays, L.) orgânico de diferentes variedades." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 10, no. 3 (December 29, 2015): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v10i5.3589.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Atualmente os produtos orgânicos vêm roubando a cena dos produtos tradicionais, por serem saudáveis, livres de agrotóxicos e por gerarem menor impacto no meio ambiente. O minimilho (<em>Zea mays</em>, L.) também conhecido como “babycorn”, uma espiga imatura ainda não fertilizada (espiguetas), é uma hortaliça, produto considerado fino que vem ganhando importância no mercado de conservas no Brasil. Esta pesquisa se propôs avaliar a qualidade de minimilho orgânico <em>in natura</em> de diferentes variedades e determinar a composição centesimal e nutricional.Utilizou-se como metodologias analíticas as determinações de rendimento, peso médio, diâmetro e comprimento das espiguetas, além de pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, umidade, cinzas, lipídeos, proteínas, carboidratos e valor energético total. Com os resultados obtidos concluiu-se que as variedades que apresentaram maior rendimento foram Pipoca (48,75%), Eldorado (42,06%)e Branco (40,50%), sendo mais recomendadas para o beneficiamento e que o minimilho se trata de um produto de baixo valor calórico, podendo ser indicado em dietas hipocalóricas.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Physical analysis, and nutritional composition centesimal babycorn (Zea mays, L.) organic variety of different</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Currently organic products come stealing the show from traditional products to be healthy, free of pesticides and generate less impact on the environment. The lithe corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) also known as " babycorn " an immature ear is not fertilized (spikelets), is a vegetable , thin product concerned that has gained importance in the market preserved in Brazil. This research aims to evaluate the quality of organic fresh baby corn in different varieties and determine the composition and nutritional. Used as analytical methodologies determinations yield , average weight , diameter and length of the spikelets , and pH , soluble solids , titratable acidity, moisture, ash , lipids , proteins , carbohydrates and total energetic value . With these results it was concluded that the varieties of higher yield were Popcorn (48.75%), Eldorado (42.06 %) and White (40.50 %), and most recommended for improvement and that is babycorn is a product of low calorific value and can be displayed on a hypocaloric diet.</p>
27
Berek, Arnoldus Klau, Prisila Oktoviana Tabati, Ursulina Uto Keraf, Edmundus Bere, Remegius Taekab, and Ardianus Wora. "Perbaikan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Tanah di Tanah Entisol Semiarid melalui Aplikasi Biochar." Savana Cendana 2, no. 03 (July 25, 2017): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/sc.v2i03.205.
Full textAbstract:
Produktivitas kacang tanah di tanah Entisol (lithic subgroup) semiarid di wilayah Timor Barat sangat rendah karena solum tanahnya sangat tipis, kandungan bahan organik sangat rendah, retensi air dan haranya pun rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperbaiki produktivitas kacang tanah di tanah Entisol melalui aplikasi biochar. Tiga jenis biochar yakni sekam padi, kayu putih dan jerami kirinyu yang diproduksi pada suhu 290-320oC diberikan pada tanah Entisol dengan takaran 0, 5 dan 10 t/ha, diinkubasikan selama 30 hari dan ditanami dengan kacang tanah varietas lokal. Setiap petak percobaan, kecuali kontrol, diberikan 5 t/ha pupuk kandang sebagai sumber unsur hara. Semua kombinasi perlakukan disusun dalam sebuah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial 3 x 3 dan diulang melalui 4 blok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil kacang tanah ( berat kering polong) meningkat 50-100% dibandingkan dengan kontrol melalui pemberian biochar 5-10 t/ha. Pemberian biochar juga meningkatkan total polong dan jumlah polong berbiji 2 dan 3, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, luas daun, jumlah bintil akar, dan berat kering tanaman. Efek jenis biochar terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang tanah secara berurutan adalah sekam padi > kirinyu > kayu putih, sedangkan dari aspek takaran, secara umum 10 t/ha lebih tinggi dari pada 5 t/ha. Perbaikan produktivitas kacang tanah oleh pemberian biochar tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan oleh efek langsung pada tanaman atau perbaikan produktivitas tanah Entisol. Secara umum, pemberian biochar sekam padi, kirinyu dan kayu putih pada tanah Entisol semiarid dapat memperbaiki produktivitas tanah dan karenanya meningkatkan hasil kacang tanah. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
28
ARANTES, RENAN FIACADORI, DANIEL JUNIOR DE ANDRADE, INGRID AMARAL, and ANTONIO BALDO GERALDO MARTINS. "EVALUATION OF LITCHI VARIETIES SEEKING SOURCES RESISTANT TO Aceria litchi MITE." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 39, spe (February 9, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452017816.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Since the first report of Aceria litchi in Brazil, litchi productivity is reducing in the main productive regions. The aims of this study were to evaluate litchi varieties in relation to feeding by A. litchi mite and to determine the moisture and reducing sugars contents, seeking sources resistant to this mite. The experiment was conducted in the Fruit Growing Active Germoplasm Bank, Laboratory of Acarology and Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry at FCAV/UNESP. The plant varieties evaluated were Americana, Bengal, Groff, Mauritius and Sweet Clift varieties. Descriptions were performed regarding symptoms caused by A. litchii, moisture and reducing sugars contents present in the leaves of plantvarieties. There were differences among varieties with respect to the symptoms caused by A. litchi regarding erinose formation and coloring. The final erinose formed in ‘Groff’, ‘Americana’ and ‘Bengal’ varieties is similar in relation to color and density of erineos. The highest reducing sugars and moisture contents were observed in ‘Bengal’, while the lowest values were found in ‘Mauritius’. Visually in the field, ‘Bengal’ was highly susceptible to A. litchii and ‘Mauritius’ was the least damaged by erinose. ‘Sweet Clift’ was as susceptible to A. litchi as Bengal variety. The results are pioneer in Brazil and provide subsidies for breeding programs on litchi trees resistant to A. licthii.
29
Kumari, Rashmi, Ruby Rani, Abha Kumari, and Feza Ahmad. "Genetic Variability in Flowering and Fruiting Behaviors of Litchi Varieties and Hybrids." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, May 13, 2019, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v35i330180.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation was undertaken to study the variability in litchi hybrids developed at BAU, Sabour and their parents with respect to flowering and fruiting behavior. The experiment was carried out in Horticulture garden Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour. A critical analysis of the data for various characters of flowering and fruiting parameters like date of panicle initiation, duration of panicle emergence, flowering duration, flower colour, inflorescence shape and size, maturity period and fruit morphology were taken. Initiation of panicle emergence varied from 21/01/2013 (H-587, H-590) to 17/02/2013 (H-141, Kasba). Duration of anthesis varied from 25/02/2013 (H-517, H-574, H-598 & Early Bedana) to 12/03/2013 (H-70, H-104) and maturity period ranged from 55 to 68 days. Among different genoty [pes. H-73, H-98, H-104, H-510 had fruit shape oval to round similar to their male parent Bedana. Dark red fruit colour of H-70, H-73, H-104, H-566 also resembled Bedana i.e. their male parent. Significant genetic variability was found among the genotypes with respect to flowering characters, thus there is an ample scope for selection of promising genotypes. Thus from above finding it may be concluded that extended period of flowering, fruit set and harvesting span could be achieved through hybridization.
30
Hossain, S., M. S. Rahman, K. N. Kona, M. S. Bari, N. Akter, and M. M. Ali. "Growth Performance of Two Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Varieties under Different Agroforestry Systems in Bangladesh." Asian Plant Research Journal, May 7, 2020, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2019/v3i3-430074.
Full textAbstract:
The experiments was conducted at a farmers’ field adjacent to the HSTU Research Farm, Dinajpur during 28th April to 13th December 2018 to evaluate growth and quality of two ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) varieties under different tree such as ghoraneem, litchi and mango based Agroforestry systems. The experiment was two factors RCBD where Factor A (four Agroforestry systems) and Factor B (two ginger varieties). Factor A (Agroforestry system) were- T1=under Ghoraneem, T2= under Litchi, T3= under Mango and T4= Open field (control). Again, factor B (variety) were- V1= Deshiand V2= China. Therefore, the treatment combinations were T1V1, T1V2, T2V1, T2V2, T3V1, T3V2, T4V1 and T4V2. The experiment results revealed that the growth and quality of ginger were significantly varied by the main effect of different Agroforestry systems. The highest germination speed, plant height was higher under Ghoraneem (T1) but thehighest fresh rhizome weight (21600 kg/ha) was found under Mango based System (T3), whereas the highest dry rhizome weight (20%) was found under Open field condition (T4). The main effect of varieties on growth and quality of ginger were significantly varied. Germination speed, plant height, fresh rhizome weight was higher in deshi ginger (V1) but highest dry rhizome weight was found in china ginger (V2). The interaction effect of Agroforestry systems and ginger varieties was also significant. The highest germination found in T1V1.Again, the tallest plant was recorded in T1V2.The highest fresh rhizome weight (20865 kg/ha) was found in T3V1 but the highest dry rhizome weight was found inT4V1 (21.25 %). The relationship between light intensity and fresh ginger rhizome yield was inversely proportional. The highest ginger rhizome yield (21600 kg/ha) was found when the total light intensity was 115.50 LUX under Mango (T1) and the lowest ginger rhizome yield(18366 kg/ha) was when the total light intensity was 321.50 LUX in open field (T4).
31
Calvo, Aitor, and Alvaro Arrizabalaga. "Piecing together a new mosaic: Gravettian lithic resources and economic territories in the Western Pyrenees." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 12, no. 12 (November 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01231-x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTo palliate the current scarcity of information about lithic raw materials in the Western Pyrenees during the Gravettian, the study of ten assemblages has explored the flint procurement patterns and economic organisation of the territory. The study was based on the macro- and microscopic analysis of the different lithic remains. A wide range of flint varieties were used, including some excellent rocks for knapping and others of poorer quality. This diversified catchment pattern was defined by the criteria of quality and suitability for reduction. Although procurement took place mostly at the primary outcrops, there is some evidence of limited acquisition in secondary deposits. Within the economic territory of the Western Pyrenees, divergences in the connections between the outcrops on one side of the mountains and the archaeological sites on the other may indicate different territorial or economic roles for each side. In general terms, the northern side may have been more residential with more stable habitation, while the southern side was linked with logistic tasks and more seasonal occupation. The economic connections between this territory and surrounding areas revealed by the lithic resources are the reflection of inter-group contacts and an economic mosaic imbricated with a cultural or symbolic one.
32
Wiśniewski, Tadeusz, Maciej T. Krajcarz, and Karol Standzikowski. "Turonian flint economy in the easternmost Magdalenian: new data from Stare Baraki, site 1 (eastern Poland)." Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 12, no. 12 (November 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01230-y.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMagdalenian communities exploited mostly local and regional good-quality lithic raw materials. In south-eastern Poland, being the easternmost fringe of the Magdalenian range, Turonian grey flint had a particular importance. Outcrops of this raw material occur both at the west and at the east sides the Vistula River Gorge. The varieties from the eastern area (called here “eastern Turonian flint” or ETF) are common among inventories of the Magdalenian sites situated to west of the Vistula river. This fact points toward the frequent penetration of the ETF outcrop area by those societies. However, no Magdalenian sites were known directly from the ETF deposit area, and this gap in knowledge restricted further understanding of the character and diversity of Magdalenian activity there. Therefore, in this paper, we present the results of searching for Magdalenian sites within the ETF outcrop zone. Applied methodology included study of the archive archaeological materials, followed by detail survey and excavation of the selected site—Stare Baraki 1. This site documents a short stay or multiple stays of Magdalenian people, who were focused on Turonian flint knapping. Lithic inventory records collecting of several local flint varieties at the distance up to around 20 km from the site, followed by almost all stages of flint working. The material from Stare Baraki is the first known and currently the only trace of the Magdalenian people inside the zone of Turonian flint deposits on the right bank of the Vistula river. The study in Stare Baraki delivered new data for the reconstruction of territory exploitation strategies used in the easternmost Magdalenian.
33
Fuertes-Prieto, M. Natividad, Esperanza Fernández-Martínez, Fernando Gómez-Fernández, Eduardo Alonso-Herrero, Diego Herrero Alonso, and Ana Neira-Campos. "The Escalada Formation: Characterization of a potential chert supply source in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain) during prehistory." Journal of Lithic Studies 3, no. 2 (September 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v3i2.1421.
Full textAbstract:
A study of the chert nodules found in the Escalada Formation (Carboniferous, Ponga region, Cantabrian Zone) was carried out as a means to characterise a number of lithic raw materials found in several prehistoric sites of the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). This study comprises fieldwork aimed at locating the outcrops and obtaining samples. Some selected samples from two localities were used for both petrological (macroscopic and microscopic analyses from thin sections) and geochemical (X-ray fluorescence and powder diffraction) analysis. The macroscopic study shows a rather homogeneus coloration and a conchoidal fracture although two extreme types of cherts with a variety of intermediate forms can be differentiated according to the matrix composition. The microscopic analysis shows a high heterogeneity in carbonate versus silica percentage and gentle differences in some other features such as type of silica, origin of carbonates, occurrence of organic matter and type of skeletal components. The results of several geochemical analysis suggest that there are not geochemical features neither in the major elements nor in the traces that allows us to clearly distinguish between the analysed samples. All these studies allow us to define the main features of these chert nodules and to establish several types and varieties among them. Those varieties with high percentage of silica and with a more homogeneous matrix are the most suitable samples for knapping. These results together with the study of the geological and geographical location of archaeological sites suggest that the nodules from the Escalada Formation likely were lithic material supply sources used in knapping activitiesWhen aiming to demonstrate the use of these materials at archaeological sites the sole macroscopic analysis of the pieces does not suffice; further analyses, such as those involving thin sections, are necessary. The absence of chert from Escalada Formation in some Mesolithic sites in the area was confirmed via these additional analyses.
34
Herrero-Alonso, Diego, Antonio Tarriño-Vinagre, Ana Neira-Campos, and Natividad Fuertes-Prieto. "Chert from the Vegamián Formation: A new raw-material supply source in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain) during prehistory." Journal of Lithic Studies 3, no. 2 (September 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v3i2.1449.
Full textAbstract:
This work provides the keys to the mineralogical and geochemical characterization of black chert from the Vegamián Fm. This formation crops out throughout the whole of the Cantabrian Zone (of Palaeozoic age), one of the geological zones of the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). The geographical distribution of this formation is very wide, surfacing in the provinces of León, Asturias, Palencia and Cantabria.This variety of chert had been included within the group generically known as ‘black chert’, a macrogroup including different types of chert that appear in different Palaeozoic formations in the area and which share a characteristic black colour at the macroscopic level. The characterisation presented here has enabled us to distinguish it from other varieties. In this study, Vegamián chert has been divided into two different groups depending on their textural, mineralogical, geochemical and thermal propierties. Type 1, the most suitable for knapping, is characterized by high content in silica (>97%), laminated matrix and, occasionally, ghost of radiolarians. In addition, the characteristics specific to this chert make it suitable for lithic knapping processes. To confirm its use by prehistoric populations, this chert will be compared to that found in two Mesolithic sites, the caves of La Uña and El Espertín (León, south versant of the Cantabrian Mountains), the raw materials from which are currently under study.
35
Soto, María. "Procurement and mobility during the Late Pleistocene: Characterising the stone-tool assemblage of the Picamoixons site (Tarragona, NE Iberian Peninsula)." Journal of Lithic Studies 3, no. 2 (September 15, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v3i2.1782.
Full textAbstract:
The Picamoixons site is a rockshelter located in the province of Tarragona (NE Iberian Peninsula). It was object of two rescue campaigns during 1988 and 1993, which led to the recovery of a complete archaeological assemblage, including stone tools as well as faunal and portable art remains that date the occupation to the 14th to 11th millennium BP (calibrated). This study involves a petrographic characterisation of the stone-tool assemblage in order to establish: 1) the procurement areas, 2) the raw materials management strategies and 3) the mobility radius and territorial sizes of the hunter-gatherers groups that occupied the site. The method applied comprises in a multiscale analysis that includes systematic prospection, the petrographic characterisation of geological and archaeological samples, an analysis of the chert types represented in the knapping sequence, and the definition of the mobility axes and areas frequented according to lithic procurement.A petrographic analysis of the chert in the prospected area led to the definition of nine macroscopic varieties related to five types (Vilaplana, Morera, Maset, Vilella and Tossa cherts), related to Lower and Upper Muschelkalk (Triassic), Lutetian, Bartonian (Palaeocene) and Sannonian (Oligocene) deposits.The study of the knapping sequences indicates the main exploitation of Bartonian cherts (Tossa type), and the use of Lutetian cherts (Maset and Morera types) for configuring retouched tools. The exploitation of the remaining raw material types identified is considered sporadic and opportunistic.Defining the procurement areas enabled the mobility radius to be assessed as between 3 and 30 km, highlighting the importance of the fluvial basins as natural movement pathways. The results indicate that the main procurement territory was 16 km2 in area, associable with a forager radius. The most remote procurement distances suggest a maximum exploitation area of 260 km2, defining an intra-regional range. This range presents parallelisms with various contemporaneous hunter-gatherers groups in Western Europe, suggesting a progressive mobility reduction dynamic during the Late Pleistocene-Initial Holocene.
36
Walters, Mark. "Prehistoric Ceramics from the Browning Site (41SM195A)." Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2009.1.39.
Full textAbstract:
Archaeological work at the Browning site (4JSM195A) in eastern Smith County, Texas, has shown that it is a stratified site with two very distinct occupations: an early nineteenth century assemblage of artifacts in the upper zone overlying a buried prehistoric occupation. This occupation appears to be confined to the Woodland time period (ca. 500 B.C. to A.D. 800) with little evidence of any earlier or later prehistoric activity. The Woodland period in East Texas is a time of important cultural changes, "the most obvious (and most important?) of which is pottery-making and the bow and arrow." The main focus of the prehistoric occupation at the Browning site occurs in an organically enriched darker soil zone that is the result of either a continuous human occupation or frequent revisiting of this location, what Waters has described as archaeo-sediments resulting from human activity. This darker soil occupies the center of the landform and covers approximately 500m2 It contains charred wood, charred nut shell, lithic debris from stone tool manufacture/maintenance, and small amounts of burned and unburned animal bone. Other artifacts in this distinct soil zone include small dart points, mostly varieties of Gary; arrow points, mostly of the Friley and Steiner types; ground stone tools; and ceramics, primarily plain grog-tempered wares. Early work at the site included the excavation of 6.546 m3 of archaeological deposits from 10 1 x 1 m test units plus 22 shovel tests, resulting in the recovery of numerous historic and prehistoric artifacts, including eight Woodland period sherds. To date, excavations at the Browning site have totaled 20.4 m3 of archaeological deposits from 41 1 x 1m test units. The total amount of sherds associated with the Woodland occupation now totals 40 pieces. Those sherds, which are described in some detail and compared with other known sites, are the focus of this article. These sherds are scattered evenly across the occupation area in low densities.