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Murphy, Katharine Anne. "Pio Baroja and English literature : a comparative approach to the novels." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267209.
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Kensky, Eitan Lev. "Facing the Limits of Fiction: Self-Consciousness in Jewish American Literature." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10716.
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This thesis explores the limits of fictional language by studying the work of Jewish American writer-critics, novelists who significantly engaged with literary criticism, and critics who experimented with the novel or short fiction. These writer-critics all believed in Literature: they believed that literature could effect social change and educate the masses; or they believed in literature as an art-form, one that exposed the myths underlying American society, or that revealed something fundamental about the human condition. Yet it is because they believed so stridently in the concept of Literature that they turned to non-fiction. Writing fiction exposed problems that Literature could not resolve. They describe being haunted by “preoccupations” that they could not exhaust in fiction alone. They apologetically refer to their critical texts as “by-products” of their creative writing. Writer-critics were forced to decide what the limits of fiction were, and they adopted other types of writing to supplement these unexpected gaps in fiction's power. This dissertation contains four chapters and an introduction. The introduction establishes the methodological difficulties in writing about author-critics, and introduces a set of principles to guide the study. Chapter 1 approaches Abraham Cahan's The Rise of David Levinsky (1917). I argue that many of the novel's difficulties result from Cahan's desire to present the way that ideology shades our understanding of reality while minimizing direct narratorial intrusions. Chapter 2 studies how politics affected the work of Mike Gold, Moishe Nadir, and Isaac Bashevis Singer. In all three writers, literature emerges as a kind of ersatz-politics, a space for the dispossessed to imagine the political. In the end, the political novel only reinforces the fictionality. Chapter 3 is a study of Leslie Fiedler's problematic novel, The Second Stone. While critics have seen the novel as a kind of game, I propose reading the novel as an earnest expression of Fiedler's vision of literature as a conversation. Chapter 4 turns to Cynthia Ozick and Susan Sontag. A cumulative reading of their fiction and criticism shows the deep twinning of their fiction and critical thought. For both writers true knowledge comes only through the imagination.Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
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Costa, Alyni Ferreira. "Artes em diÃlogo. Poesia e Pintura: JoÃo Cabral de Melo Neto e Joan MirÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8955.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA Pintura e a Literatura, apesar de consistirem em atividades distintas, interagem entre si e se comunicam dentro de um campo abrangente, denominado Arte. O presente estudo pretende uma aproximaÃÃo, um diÃlogo, estabelecido entre poesia e pintura. Propomos uma abordagem comparativa entre algumas peÃas da obra do pintor catalÃo Joan Mirà (1893-1983), e os poemas presentes no livro A pedra do sono (1942) do poeta pernambucano JoÃo Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999), tendo como pano de fundo a estÃtica surrealista, postulada por Andrà Breton, em 1924, na FranÃa. Teremos como base teÃrica fundamental o pensamento de JoÃo Cabral de Melo Neto, exposto em um ensaio crÃtico, no ano de 1949, intitulado âJoan MirÃâ. O conhecido âpoeta engenheiroâ possuÃa forte afinidade com a Teoria LiterÃria, escrevendo alguns textos de crÃtica de arte e literatura. Neles discorre acerca do processo de composiÃÃo artÃstica, correntes estÃticas, movimentos literÃrios, personalidades brasileiras e estrangeiras. Para viabilizar a anÃlise, recorremos aos teÃricos de Literatura Comparada, como: TÃnia Carvalhal, Sandra Nitrini, Julia Kristeva e Mikhail Bakhtin; bem como, aos crÃticos de Arte: Fayga Ostrower, Omar Calabrese, Paul ValÃry, dentre outros, que possibilitaram uma compreensÃo acerca de movimentos artÃsticos, correntes estÃticas e tÃcnicas peculiares de criaÃÃo e composiÃÃo. Iniciamos com uma reflexÃo acerca da Arte e do fazer artÃstico; em seguida, foi enfocado o perfil artÃstico de JoÃo Cabral de Melo Neto e sua face teÃrico-crÃtica, tendo por base o estudo relativo à obra de Joan MirÃ. A Ãltima etapa contempla uma anÃlise do ensaio de JoÃo Cabral acerca da pintura de MirÃ, concernente à construÃÃo de sua obra. O diÃlogo à viabilizado no tocante à evidÃncia de temas recorrentes, bem como pelo processo de composiÃÃo com vÃrios pontos de aproximaÃÃo entre os dois artistas.
Painting and Literature, although they consist of different activities, interact and communicate to each other into a large field, denominated Art. This study aims to approximate, like a dialogue, between Poetry and Painting. We propose a comparative approach between some parts of the Spanish painter Joan MirÃâs (1893-1983) work and some poems of A pedra do sono (1942), by JoÃo Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999), a Brazilian poet from Pernambuco. This study will have as a backdrop the Surrealist aesthetic, postulated by Andrà Breton, in 1924, in France. We will have as a fundamental theoretical basis JoÃo Cabral de Melo Netoâs thought, exhibited in a critical essay, in 1949, entitled âJoan MirÃâ. The famous âengineer poetâ had a strong relation with the Literary Theory, and he wrote some critic texts of Art and Literature, in which the author discusses about the artistic composition process, kinds of aesthetic, literary movements, Brazilian and foreign personalities. To enable this analyses, we used the Comparative Literature Theoretical, like: TÃnia Carvalhal, Sandra Nitrini, Julia Kristeva e Mikhail Bakhtin; and the Art critics: Fayga Ostrower, Omar Calabrese, Paul ValÃry, among other, who have allowed a comprehension about artistic movements, kinds of aesthetic and creationâs and compositionâs peculiar techniques. We will begin thinking about Art and artistic making; then, JoÃo Cabral de Melo Netoâs artistic profile will be focused, as his theoretical/critical face, based on his Joan Mirà study. The last step includes an analysis of the JoÃo Cabralâs essay about MirÃâs paintings, concerned to his own work. The dialogue is made possible with regard to the evidence of recurrent themes, as well as the composition process with a lot of approximated points between those artists.
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White, James. "Anthologists and the literary market : a comparative study of al-Tha'ālibī's Yatīmat al-dahr and 'Awfī's Lubāb al-albāb." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f1e95949-e509-43a2-a8ac-904bc3ffaa9c.
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This thesis offers the first detailed study of publishing culture in the medieval eastern Islamic world by examining how two influential anthologists active in Central Asia mediated between authors and their audiences. It analyses the contents of al-Tha'ālibī's (d. 429/1037-8) Yatīmat al-dahr, a biographical anthology of Arabic poetry and prose concerned with the literature of the 4th/10th and the early 5th/11th centuries, comparing them with the material found in 'Awfī's (d. 640/1242 or before) Lubāb al-albāb, a biographical anthology of Persian poetry focused on verse produced between the late 3rd/9th and the early 7th/13th centuries. Yatīmat al-dahr and Lubāb al-albāb are approached as ventures which aimed to render the high culture of Arabic and Persian literature accessible to readers by presenting hitherto unpublished texts in a pedagogical fashion. The thesis contributes to a current wave of research that is concerned with the history of the book in the Islamic world, but it moves the focus of such scholarship onto literary texts and their manipulation. Its principal findings can be summarised as follows: Firstly, it revises the prevalent idea that literary culture was entirely dependent on patronage, by demonstrating how market demand influenced the kinds of writing produced in the different regions of the Arabic- and Persian-speaking worlds. Patronage emerges as a force that was intertwined with the book trade, which had already begun to define conceptions of authorship. Secondly, it shows that anthologies are more than collections of exemplary texts, by uncovering how al-Tha'ālibī and 'Awfī pursue the study of society, literary history and literary theory. The anthologists did not simply reproduce extracts, but edited them in accordance with their broader intellectual projects. Lastly, it reconstructs the cosmopolitan literary culture which existed in Khurasan and Transoxiana between the 4th/10th and 7th/13th centuries, showing that many authors worked in bilingual Arabic-Persian environments, moved between Arabic and Persian spheres, and read books in both languages. The thesis is accompanied by an index of circa eight thousand poems catalogued by genre, and by an appendix which lists the material that the anthologists drew from their sources.
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Nakagome, Patricia Trindade. "A vida e a vida do leitor: um conceito formado no espelho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-09102015-131731/.
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O leitor é elemento fundamental para a teoria literária, tendo sido abordado por diferentes correntes críticas. Mesmo quando não é objeto específico de investigação, ele deixa suas marcas no discurso crítico. Isso porque o crítico é essencialmente um leitor, cujas experiências e valores se fazem presentes na avaliação de um texto. Quando tais referenciais são mobilizados para tratar de livros não canônicos, frequentemente constróise uma imagem negativa de seu público. A primeira vida do leitor seria, assim, aquela constituída no discurso crítico, como objeto de análise ou como consequência da avaliação de uma obra. Essa representação do leitor é contrastada com a chamada segunda vida do leitor, que é anunciada pelo próprio leitor, com sua voz e seu rosto. Para nos aproximarmos desse leitor empírico, foram traçadas as histórias de cinco sujeitos, de modo a evidenciar como a experiência de leitura é muito mais complexa do que supõem algumas hipóteses traçadas a partir da imagem do próprio crítico ou de uma concepção bastante específica de literatura. Ao trazermos a primeiro plano, inclusive metodologicamente, o aspecto humano do leitor, aproximamo-nos do desejo de manter vivo o legado (humanista) da tradição literária, inclusive pelo seu questionamento. Tal legado é, paradoxalmente, por vezes defendido através de um ataque aos humanos leitores que formam a massa. Diante disso, desejamos pensar uma aproximação das duas vidas do leitor: a voz do sujeito e o discurso sobre ele, inclusive para apoiar a difusão da literatura que se valora. A nosso ver, isso passa por considerar formas de atuação condizentes com a democratização do acesso à literatura, com maior atenção a um espaço pouco privilegiado pela crítica: a escola. Nesse contexto, é indispensável que a crítica se abra ao encontro com o outro, numa aposta na alteridade, não num lamento diante do espelho.The reader is a fundamental element for the literary theory and has been treated by different critical approaches. Even not being specific object of investigation, the reader leaves his mark in the critical discourse. This is because the Literary Critic is essentially a reader, whose experiences and values are present in his judgement of a text. When such parameters are mobilized in order to deal with non-canonical books, a negative image of the reader is often built. Then, the \"first life\" of the reader would be the one constituted by the critical discourse, as an object of analysis or as a result of the judgement of a work. This representation is contrasted with \"the second life of the reader\", which is announced by the reader himself, by his voice and his face. To get closer to this empirical reader, stories of five different people were drawn in such a way to evidence how their reading experience is much more complex than the hypotheses assumed by the image of the critic himself or from a very specific conception of literature. By focusing on the human aspect of the reader, even methodologically, we advance towards the desire of keeping alive the (humanistic) legacy of the literary tradition, also by questioning it. Such legacy is, sometimes, paradoxically defended by an attack on such human readers, who constitute the mass. On this regard, we want to consider an approximation of the \"two lives\" of the reader: the subject\'s voice and the discourse about him. This is also important to support the dissemination of the literature that is valued. In our view, it involves considering forms of action compatible with the democratization of access to literature, with greater attention to a place that is less privileged by critics: the school. On this context, it is essential that the Literary Criticism open itself to meet the others, in a commitment to alterity, not in a lament before the mirror.
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Banks, Gemma. "Impressions of an analyst : reassessing Sigmund Freud's literary style through a comparative study of the principles and fiction of Ford Madox Ford, Henry James, Virginia Woolf & Dorothy Richardson." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8368/.
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The connection between Sigmund Freud and modernism is firmly established and there is an increasing (though still limited) body of scholarship that adopts methods of literary analysis in approaching Freud's texts. This thesis adds depth and specificity to a broad claim to literariness by arguing that Freud can be considered a practitioner of modern literary impressionism. The claim is substantiated through close textual analysis of key texts from James Strachey' s Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, alongside theory and fiction by significant impressionist authors Ford Madox Ford, Henry James, Virginia Woolf and Dorothy Richardson. The authors' respective approaches to various aspects of literary impressionism are considered, such as the methods of textual development, the instability of genre, and the stylised techniques utilised to convey the impression. This research illustrates that whilst each of the chosen novelists engages with literary impressionism differently, Freud's texts share common practice with each, facilitating the reassessment of the analyst as a specifically 'impressionist' author.
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Rukavina, Alison Jane. "Cultural Darwinism and the literary canon, a comparative study of Susanna Moodie's Roughing it in the Bush and Caroline Leakey's The broad arrow." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ61491.pdf.
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Palmore, Aaron G. "Desire Interrupted: Erotics, Politics, and Poetics in Horace, Odes 4." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460715373.
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Sereza, Haroldo Ceravolo. "O Brasil na Internacional Naturalista: adequação da estética, do método e da temática naturalistas no romance brasileiro do século 19." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8149/tde-13032013-125613/.
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Este trabalho procura ler o Naturalismo brasileiro como parte importante de um movimento internacional e analisa algumas das adequações estéticas, temáticas e de método pelo qual passou. Considera que, a partir do modelo de romance experimental proposto por Émile Zola, autores como Aluísio Azevedo, Júlio Ribeiro e Adolfo Caminha, entre outros, escreveram romances que transformaram em matéria literária o processo de modernização econômica conservadora do Brasil no final do século 19, construindo personagens e tramas que deixaram marcas mais profundas na literatura brasileira do que tradicionalmente é reconhecido. Romances como O cortiço, A carne e Bom-Crioulo tocaram em questões traumáticas para o país, como a escravidão e o controle da sexualidade dos indivíduos, numa sociedade que se aburguesava em vários sentidos, e significaram uma modernização nas letras e nas mentalidades do país.This work attempts to read the Brazilian Naturalism as an important fact of this international movement and examines some of aesthetic, thematic and methodological adjustments it has been passed in Brazil. It considers that the model proposed by Emile Zola was adapted in Brazil by authors such as Aluisio Azevedo, Julio Ribeiro and Adolfo Caminha, among others. The novels written by these authors expressed the conservative economic modernization of Brazil in the late 19th century, building characters and plots that have left marks in the Brazilian literature that are deeper than is used to recognize. Novels like O cortiço, A carne e Bom-Crioulo touched on traumatic issues, such as slavery and sexuality of individuals, in a progressively bourgeois society, and meant an expressive modernization in Brazilian letters and mentalities.
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Silva, Daniel Souza da. "Ruggero Jacobbi crítico-tradutor de poesia brasileira: da Litania dos Pobres à Invenzione di Orfeo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-22032019-130209/.
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Tendo atuado no meio artístico e intelectual brasileiro do segundo pós-guerra até o fim da década seguinte, o veneziano Ruggero Jacobbi (1920-1981) foi um destacado crítico, tradutor e difusor da literatura brasileira, especialmente do drama e da lírica. A pesquisa procura, na perspectiva dos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução, recorrer ao instrumental da crítica genética aplicado à grandiosa tradução Invenzione di Orfeo, trabalho que lhe teria tomado décadas de dedicação, a partir da obra maior do poeta nordestino Jorge de Lima. O levantamento de documentos em acervos na Itália permitiu a consolidação de um dossiê genético a partir do qual se discute o processo tradutório no bojo da atuação brasilianista de Jacobbi. Os nomes do poeta Murilo Mendes e da filóloga Luciana Stegagno Picchio surgem no estudo como frequentes coadjuvantes deste que talvez tenha sido o empreendimento mais ambicioso do amigo. Antes da reconstituição crítico-genética, no entanto, apresenta-se a fulgurante presença da obra lírica do poeta alagoano no distante país peninsular, desde a primeira figuração por obra de Giuseppe Ungaretti até as investidas exegéticas fundamentais de Stegagno Picchio. Para tanto, por sua vez, apresenta-se e se discute a trajetória geral, brasileira e, depois, brasilianista de Ruggero Jacobbi, com atenção ao legado relativo à lírica nacional, que culmina no objeto maior desta dissertação. Entre a teatralização engajada da Litania dos Pobres de Cruz e Sousa para uma montagem brechtiana apresentada no Teatro Brasileiro de Comédia (TBC) em 1950 e a publicação póstuma do grande exemplo de transcriação, guia-nos o espírito crítico marxista-gramsciano e impuro de um intelectual marcado pelo ecletismo e pela contundência inconformista, formado em meio aos herméticos florentinos da era fascista e movido a refratar sua expressão insone em poesia, em teatro, no cinema, no diário, no ensaio, na crítica, na historiografia literária, na antologia e na tradução.Since the Venetian Ruggero Jacobbi (1920-1981) acted in the Brazilian artistic and intellectual world from the second postwar until the end of the next decade, he was an important literary critic, translator and diffuser of the Brazilian literature, especially of the drama and lyric poetry. This research aims, in the Descriptive Translation Studies perspective, to use tools from the genetic editing (critique génétique) and apply them to the magnificent translation Invenzione di Orfeo, which work supposedly took some decades of dedication, of the most important work of the Brazilian northeastern poet Jorge de Lima. The process of gathering documents in documentary archives in Italy allowed the make of a genetic dossier, with which it was possible to discuss the translation process, in the Brazilianist works of Jacobbi. The names of the poet Murilo Mendes and of the philologist Luciana Stegagno Picchio appeared in this research because they have shared with Jacobbi the experience of carrying out the most ambitious project of his professional life. Before of the critical-genetic reconstitution, however, there was the brightening glow: the reception of the poetic work of the Alagoan poet in the peninsular country, which includes since the first manifestation made by Giuseppe Ungaretti until the fundamental exegetical attempts of Stegagno Picchio. Before this phase, there was the presentation of the Brazilian and Brazilianist trajectory of Ruggero Jacobbi, and then the discussion on this subject, with special attention to his legacy to the national lyric poetry, which culminated on what, is the main object of this work. In the journey from the political dramatization of Litania dos Pobres (from the poem by Cruz e Sousa) into a Brechtian play presented in the Brazilian Comedy Theater (Teatro Brasileiro de Comédia TBC) in 1950, to the posthumous publication of the great example of transcreation, the guide to us is this impure and marxist-gramscian critic spirit of an intellectual marked by the eclecticism and by the nonconformist force, shaped between the hermetic Florentines of the fascist era, a spirit which was moved to reflect his insomniac expression in the poetry, in the drama, in the filmmaking, in the diaries, in the essays, in the literary criticism, in the literary historiography, in the anthology and in the translation.
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Petersson, Niklas. "Horrifying Empathy : A comparative study of empathy in Stephen King's Pet Sematary and The Shining, with a discussion of the use of horror literature in the EFL-classroom." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75435.
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This essay is a comparative analysis of the novels Pet Sematary and The Shining by Stephen King, where the empathy that the characters may invoke is analyzed. The focus lies on the children, mothers and fathers of the two families featured in the novels, who are analyzed in terms of Leake’s division of easy or difficult empathy. The essay also discusses the use of horror fiction in the EFL-classroom and how it may train students’ ability to empathize and motivate reluctant readers. The child characters mainly offer easy empathy since they experience negative emotions and victimization. The adult characters appear to be more nuanced, especially the two fathers who may invoke a combination of easy and difficult empathy through their change towards antagonists, or through their abusive behavior. Due to King’s complex characters, and suspenseful storytelling, it is possible that horror fiction of this kind can be used in the EFL-classroom to attract reluctant readers. As the students also come in contact with difficult empathy they can train their ability to understand and empathize with people who may act in ways that the students normally would disagree with. In that regard, it appears that horror fiction can have a pedagogical use in the EFL-classroom.
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Riggi, Fabio Leonardo de. "Ideograma do caos: poesia e experiência de Mário Faustino entre 1956 e 1959." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-28042010-124733/.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo abordar dois recortes da obra de Mário Faustino. O primeiro deles abrange os anos 1956-1959, conhecidos como sua fase experimental. Esse período tem por vetor uma tensão centralizada no principal instrumento da poesia, o verso. O segundo recorte se volta para a análise da crítica literária realizada durante esses anos, concentrada nas páginas de Poesia-Experiência, publicadas no Suplemento Dominical do Jornal do Brasil. Os poemas anteriores a 1956, a partir dos quais se esboça uma crise entre o objeto e sua representação, são o assunto do primeiro capítulo. Em seguida, nos capítulos 2 e 3, veremos como o verso, posto em xeque, sustenta para utilizarmos termos do jornalismo o texto e a arte de Poesia-Experiência. Por fim, retornamos aos poemas de Mário, mais especificamente aos escritos entre 1956 e 1959, retomando a discussão sobre o poema e sua representação simbólica, a fim de buscar algumas características fundamentais da crítica e da poesia de Mário Faustino nessa fase de saturação do verso e aproximações com o concretismo.This dissertation aims at discussing two selections of Mário Faustinos work. The first of them comprehends the years from 1956-1959, regarded as his experimental phase. This period has as vector a tension centralized in the main instrument of poetry, the verse. The second is devoted to the analysis of the literary criticism produced during these years, concentrated in the pages of Poesia-Experiência, published in the Suplemento Dominical do Jornal do Brasil. The poems before 1956, from which a crisis between the object and its representation is outlined, are the subject of the first chapter. After that, in chapters 2 and 3, we will see as the verse, put in check, sustains to use a jargon of journalism the text and the art of Poesia- Experiência. In the end, we come back to Mários poems, more specifically to those written from 1956-1959, returning to the discussion about the poem and its symbolic representation, in order to seek some fundamental characteristics of Mário Faustinos poetry and criticism in this phase of verse saturation and approximations with concretism.
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Wall, Brian Robert. "The Man in the Transatlantic Crowd: The Early Reception of Edgar Allan Poe in Victorian England." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1422.
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An important anomaly in transatlantic criticism is the contrast between transatlantic theory and the applied criticism of literature through a transatlantic lens. While most transatlantic scholars assert the value of individual strands of thought throughout the globe and stress the importance of overcoming national hegemonic barriers in literature, applied criticism generally favors an older model that privileges British literary thought in the nineteenth century. I claim that both British and American writers can influence each other, and that mutations in thought can travel both ways across the Atlantic. To argue this claim, I begin by analyzing the influence of Blackwood's Magazine on the literary aesthetic of Edgar Allan Poe. While Poe's early works read very similar to Blackwood's articles, he positioned himself against Blackwood's in the middle of his career and developed a different, although derivative, approach to psychological fiction. I next follow this psychological strain back across the Atlantic, where Oscar Wilde melded aspects of Poe's fiction to his own unique form of satire and social critique.
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Freire, Zélia Ramona Nolasco dos Santos. "A concepção de arte em Lima Barreto e Leon Tolstói : divergências e convergências /." Assis : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94029.
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Orientador: Sílvia Maria AzevedoBanca: Homero Freitas de Andrade
Banca: Maria Aparecida Junqueira
Banca: Luiz Roberto Velloso Cairo
Banca: Tânia Regina de Luca
Resumo: A presente tese tem por objetivo avaliar a concepção de arte dos escritores Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922) e Leon Tolstói (1828-1910) sob um viés comparatista, em busca das divergências e convergências entre ambos. Concepção de arte que apresentam nas respectivas obras, "O destino da literatura" e O que é Arte?. Os escritores desempenharam o papel de "semeador de idéias" e de "batedor do futuro" ao se posicionarem contrários aos "mandarins literários". Uma arte voltada para o social, aliás, uma literatura militante. Lima Barreto criou uma arte literária que rompeu com os moldes convencionais na virada do século XIX, que tinha como principais representantes: Machado de Assis, Rui Barbosa, Coelho Neto, entre outros; enquanto Leon Tolstói rompeu com a poética romântica e o realismo francês. Ambos foram, terminantemente, contrários à estética da arte pela arte. A referência aos escritores russos é constante na obra barretiana, até porque Lima Barreto jamais omitiu suas leituras. Desde o romance Vida e Morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, o primeiro a ser escrito por Lima, é possível detectar a presença de Leon Tolstói. Presença essa que permeia todo o projeto literário de Lima Barreto e que se faz sentir através da posição que ambos assumem em relação a temas em comum, tais como: a Propriedade, a Igreja, o Estado, a educação da mulher, o serviço militar obrigatório, entre outros. Revelando assim, um eixo em comum: o ideário anarquista. Mas, principalmente, por refletirem sobre a função da literatura e o fazer literário.
Abstract: This dissertation was carried out to evaluate the conception of art found in the works of Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922) and Leo Tolstoi (1828 -1910) according to a comparative point-of-view, in order to find out agreements and disagreements between them. Conception of art found in their works "O destino da literatura" and "O que é Arte?". Both writers played the role of "sowers of ideas" and "beaters of the future" as they put up opposition to the so-called "literary mandarins". An art oriented to the social issue, that is, a militant literature. Lima Barreto created a literary art which broke off the ties with conventional models in the turn of the 19th century, whose main representatives were Machado de Assis, Rui Barbosa, Coelho Neto, among others; Leo Tolstoi, in his turn, broke off the ties with Romantic poetry and French Realism. Both were utterly opposed to the esthetics of art for art's sake. References to Russian writers are often found in Lima Barreto's works, since he never omitted his readings. As early as his first novel Vida e Morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, one can notice Leo Tolstoi's influence. Influence which permeates all of his literary project and which is felt through the opposition both writers assume in connection with issues they have in common such as: Property, the Church, the State, women's education, obligatory military draft, among others. Thus, they showed the axis they had in common: the anarchist belief system. But, mainly, because they pondered over the function and the making of literature.
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Santos, Natália Gonçalves de Souza. "Um leitor inconformado: Álvares de Azevedo e o periodismo do século XIX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8151/tde-25022019-122347/.
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Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo principal analisar o conjunto da produção ensaística de Manuel Antônio Álvares de Azevedo (1831-1852), composta por Literatura e civilização em Portugal; Lucano; Alfredo de Musset: Jacques Rolla e George Sand: Aldo o rimador. A pesquisa elenca as principais questões levantadas pelo autor enquanto crítico literário e delineia as polêmicas em que cada um desses quatro ensaios se insere. Simultaneamente, a análise identifica as características formais e estilísticas desses textos, nos quais pode se perceber um elemento recorrente que os unifica: a prática da citação. O levantamento daquilo que é citado por Álvares de Azevedo em seus ensaios permite relacioná-los a um importante conjunto de textos, na maior parte das vezes de origem internacional, composto por jornais, revistas, livros e manuais de literatura que se encontravam em circulação no Brasil do século XIX. A investigação sistemática do vasto material compulsado por Álvares de Azevedo evidencia o papel de destaque conferido à Revue des deux mondes, indubitavelmente uma de suas principais fontes bibliográficas, nas páginas da qual ele teve contato com um aparato crítico-teórico proveniente dos estudos de literaturas estrangeiras, em voga na França a partir de 1830. A visada cosmopolita que norteia os artigos de escritores como Jean-Jacques Ampère, Xavier Marmier e Edgar Quinet, ajudou o poeta brasileiro a moldar seu ponto de vista crítico. Embasados na pesquisa filológica, os trabalhos produzidos por esses estudiosos franceses de literaturas estrangeiras sugerem inúmeras ramificações entre as culturas partícipes do tronco indo-europeu e parecem ter fornecido um instrumento teórico importante para que Álvares de Azevedo equacionasse sua posição particular frente ao problema nuclear da crítica romântica do seu tempo: refutando a tese hegemônica, que defendia a autonomia da literatura brasileira frente à portuguesa, o autor da Lira dos vinte anos, de uma perspectiva internacionalista, defendia a unidade das duas literaturas e a relação da produção poética local com o rico patrimônio legado pela tradição ocidental. O diálogo com o periodismo do século XIX, sobretudo com os artigos de literaturas estrangeiras, precursores dos estudos de literatura comparada, permite colocar o debate proposto por Álvares de Azevedo no panorama mais amplo das discussões que se desenrolavam internacionalmente e ajudam a compreender o seu anseio de que as letras locais também participassem de um movimento de circulação cultural entrevisto por ele nas obras das literaturas matriciais analisadas em seus ensaios. Esta tese de doutorado dá continuidade a uma investigação iniciada no mestrado, dedicado ao estudo dos prefácios e cartas em que Álvares de Azevedo refletiu sobre sua produção poética e ficcional.This doctoral thesis aims to analyse the essay production set of Manuel Antônio Álvares de Azevedo (1831-1852), made up of Literatura e civilização em Portugal; Lucano; Alfredo de Musset: Jacques Rolla and George Sand: Aldo o rimador. The study compiles the main questions raised by the author as a literary reviewer and delineates the polemics in which each one of those four essays gets engaged. Simultaneously, the analysis identifies the formal and stylistic characteristics of those texts, in which it can be noticed a recurrent element that unifies them: the quotation practice. The gathering of the quotations done by Álvares de Azevedo on his essays allows us to relate them to another set of texts, mostly of international origin, comprised of newspapers, magazines, books and literature manuals that were circulating in the XIX century Brazil. The systematic investigation of the extensive material consulted by Álvares de Azevedo brings to light the important role of Revue des deux mondes, undoubtedly one of his main bibliographic sources, in which he had contact with the theoretical and critical apparatus of foreign literature, in vogue in France since 1830. The cosmopolitan view that guides the articles of the writers such as Jean-Jacques Ampère, Xavier Marmier e Edgar Quinet, helped the Brazilian poet to shape his critical viewpoint. Based on philological research, the works done by those French experts of foreign literature suggest innumerous ramifications among the participant cultures of the indo-european root and seem to have provided an important theoretical tool so that Álvares de Azevedo could equationate his own position related to the nuclear problem of the contemporaneous romantic review: refuting the hegemonic thesis, that defended the autonomy of the Brazilian literature from the Portuguese literature, the author of the Lira dos vinte anos, from an internationalist perspective, stood up for the union of both literatures and for the relation of the local poetic production to the rich heritage of the western tradition. The dialogue with the journalism of the XIX century, mainly with the foreign literature articles, ancestors of the comparative literature, allows to place the debate proposed by Álvares de Azevedo on the wider panorama of the international discussions and helps to understand his yearning for the participation of the local literature on the cultural circulation movement glimpsed by him on the works of matric literature analysed on his essays. This doctoral thesis continues an investigation initiated in the Master´s degree, dedicated to the study of the prefaces and the letters in which Álvares de Azevedo reflected on his poetic and fictional production.
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Freire, Zélia Ramona Nolasco dos Santos [UNESP]. "A concepção de arte em Lima Barreto e Leon Tolstói: divergências e convergências." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94029.
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freire_zrns_dr_assis.pdf: 661554 bytes, checksum: 3e8ea567fecb8890662a073770930245 (MD5)Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul
A presente tese tem por objetivo avaliar a concepção de arte dos escritores Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922) e Leon Tolstói (1828-1910) sob um viés comparatista, em busca das divergências e convergências entre ambos. Concepção de arte que apresentam nas respectivas obras, “O destino da literatura” e O que é Arte?. Os escritores desempenharam o papel de “semeador de idéias” e de “batedor do futuro” ao se posicionarem contrários aos “mandarins literários”. Uma arte voltada para o social, aliás, uma literatura militante. Lima Barreto criou uma arte literária que rompeu com os moldes convencionais na virada do século XIX, que tinha como principais representantes: Machado de Assis, Rui Barbosa, Coelho Neto, entre outros; enquanto Leon Tolstói rompeu com a poética romântica e o realismo francês. Ambos foram, terminantemente, contrários à estética da arte pela arte. A referência aos escritores russos é constante na obra barretiana, até porque Lima Barreto jamais omitiu suas leituras. Desde o romance Vida e Morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, o primeiro a ser escrito por Lima, é possível detectar a presença de Leon Tolstói. Presença essa que permeia todo o projeto literário de Lima Barreto e que se faz sentir através da posição que ambos assumem em relação a temas em comum, tais como: a Propriedade, a Igreja, o Estado, a educação da mulher, o serviço militar obrigatório, entre outros. Revelando assim, um eixo em comum: o ideário anarquista. Mas, principalmente, por refletirem sobre a função da literatura e o fazer literário.
This dissertation was carried out to evaluate the conception of art found in the works of Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto (1881-1922) and Leo Tolstoi (1828 -1910) according to a comparative point-of-view, in order to find out agreements and disagreements between them. Conception of art found in their works “O destino da literatura” and “O que é Arte?”. Both writers played the role of “sowers of ideas” and “beaters of the future” as they put up opposition to the so-called “literary mandarins”. An art oriented to the social issue, that is, a militant literature. Lima Barreto created a literary art which broke off the ties with conventional models in the turn of the 19th century, whose main representatives were Machado de Assis, Rui Barbosa, Coelho Neto, among others; Leo Tolstoi, in his turn, broke off the ties with Romantic poetry and French Realism. Both were utterly opposed to the esthetics of art for art’s sake. References to Russian writers are often found in Lima Barreto’s works, since he never omitted his readings. As early as his first novel Vida e Morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá, one can notice Leo Tolstoi’s influence. Influence which permeates all of his literary project and which is felt through the opposition both writers assume in connection with issues they have in common such as: Property, the Church, the State, women’s education, obligatory military draft, among others. Thus, they showed the axis they had in common: the anarchist belief system. But, mainly, because they pondered over the function and the making of literature.
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Brandini, Laura Taddei. "Imagens de Roland Barthes no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-13022014-102229/.
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Roland Barthes nunca colocou os pés em território brasileiro. O que não quer dizer que ele nunca tenha estado no Brasil: seus escritos, carregados com suas ideias, suas noções, seus paradoxos e suas idas e vindas, trataram de assegurar sua presença na história da crítica literária brasileira do século XX. As relações entre Barthes e os intelectuais constituem o tema deste trabalho, que tem por objetivo encontrar, descrever e problematizar as imagens do escritor francês, produtos de sua recepção no Brasil, de 1953, data da publicação do primeiro livro de Barthes, Le Degré zéro de lécriture, até o momento atual. Efeitos de um processo de refração, tais imagens não se limitam a reproduzir a dinâmica do pensamento barthesiano, mas também evidenciam as particularidades do contexto e dos intelectuais que delas se apropriaram. Pois a periodização estudada compreende um momento de transição na história da crítica brasileira que a recepção à obra do escritor torna evidente: a consolidação das instituições universitárias, nos anos 50 e 60, abriu um novo espaço para os debates literários, antes limitados aos jornais. A crítica literária e as discussões teóricas, até esse momento, dominadas por críticos de formação autodidata, passaram a, paulatinamente, constituir uma preocupação dos professores universitários. A proposta deste trabalho é examinar como o pensamento de Barthes foi integrado nesse contexto, tendo como fio condutor e corpus principal o jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, complementado pela revista universitária Língua e Literatura. Tendo sido primeiro comentado pela crítica jornalística para, em seguida, tornar-se objeto de uma crítica universitária, o pensamento barthesiano transparece sob a forma de imagens parciais que, ao final do percurso investigatório, compõem um mosaico heterogêneo e complexo. Incompreendido, mestre estruturalista da nouvelle critique, semiólogo e guru nas universidades, hedonista, subversivo: em cada imagem pulsa uma faceta de Barthes, num movimento constante, engendrando novas leituras e a escrita de novos textos, e assim circulando, viva.Roland Barthes never placed his feet on Brazilian territory. Which is not to say that he has never been in Brazil: his writings, full of his ideas, his concepts, his paradoxes and his comings and goings, treated to ensure his presence in the history of Brazilian literary criticism of the twentieth century. The relations between Barthes and intellectuals are the subject of this work, which aims to find, describe and discuss the images of the French writer, products of his reception in Brazil, from 1953, the publication date of Barthes first book, Le Degré zéro de l\'écriture, until the present time. Effects of a refraction process, such images do not merely reproduce the dynamics of Barthesian thought, but also highlight the particularities of the context and intellectuals who have appropriated of them. As the periodization studied comprises a transition moment in the history of Brazilian criticism that the reception to the work of the writer becomes evident: the consolidation of the university institutions in the 50s and 60s opened a new space for literary debates, once limited to newspapers. Literary criticism and theoretical discussions, so far dominated by self-taught critical, began, gradually, a concern of academics. The proposition of this thesis is to examine how Barthes thoughts were integrated in this context, having as a guiding thread, and the main corpus, the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo, complemented by the university journal Língua e Literatura. Having first been discussed by the journalistic critics and later becoming a subject of academic criticism, Barthesian thought emerges in the form of partial images that, at the end of the investigative path, composes a heterogeneous and complex mosaic. Misunderstood, struturalist master of nouvelle critique, semiotician and guru in universities, hedonistic, subversive: in each image pulsates a facet of Barthes in a steady movement, engendering new readings and the writing of new texts, and thus circulating, alive.
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Gervasi, Paolo. "Anamorfosi della critica : forme ibride e saggistica letteraria del Novecento." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86089.
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Fresquet, Roso Maria. "Estudio sobre el género, las funciones y la calidad literaria del best seller. Los best seller híbridos en España y estudio comparativo con los autores más vendidos en Francia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403875.
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En esta tesis se aborda el corpus poco estudiado de los best seller. Se ofrece una visión panoràmica desde su primer boom en España y se identifica el tipo de obras que venden más que, como veremos, son las de naturaleza híbrida. La selección que realizamos de las obras se da desde el punto de vista del lector, es decir, las obras que estan a su alcance, ya sean de autores nacionales o bien traducciones. Adems, hemos contrastado los resultados del anàlisis con los superventas en Francia en el mismo periodo de tiempo para poder ofrecer a nuestro estudio un término de comparación y que no resten unos resultados aislados, y así poder dar un alcance más amplio a nuestras conclusiones.
La delimitación de género ha respondido a una creación nuestra de un tipo de subgénero dentro del best seller, que sería el que creemos que tiene mas éxito: el best seller híbrido. Y dentro de este best seller híbrido (que concentra distintas características de distintos géneros literarios), aquellos que se basan en los géneros que mas éxito tienen: la novela histórica y la novela negra. Hemos dejado de lado los géneros de nicho, que tienen un tipo de público mas definido, como la novela erótica, la ciencia ficción o la novela juvenil.
El best seller híbrido -una herencia del folletín del siglo diecinueve- es el que tiene ahora éxito junto a las novelas de género. Este best seller híbrido se caracteriza por una pretensión literaria y, de hecho, su hibridismo responde a una unión muy conveniente entre la herencia del folletín -en el que la aventura es el núcleo esencial y se complementa con elementos de todos los géneros populares- y dicha pretensión literaria, que surge cuando la obra no se identifica con ningún género en concreto. Esta pretensión también se alimenta de elementos que hemos ido viendo a lo largo de los anàlisis, elementos que hacen que se eleve en nivel cultural de la lectura, tales como la aportación de información de forma explícita o el retoricismo sensacionalista y superficial, que responde a una voluntad de dignificación de la literatura de consumo.
También tratamos la sociación de best seller con mala calidad literaria. A nivel literario, hemos visto que la calidad literaria no tiene por qué contraponerse con el hecho de vender mucho.
Así mismo, hemos contrastado diferentes formes de enfocar el fenómeno para ofrecer una perspectiva global de éste y hemos ofrecido tres tipus de definicions del fenómeno: econòmica, sociològica y literaria. En cuanto al enfoque literario, que es el nuestro, hemos optado por considerar el best seller como un genero literario en tanto que el lector así lo considera. Lo cual nos lleva al objectivo principal de la tesis, que es reforzar la teoria literaria del best seller como genero, esbozar sus características discursives más representatives y ver qué necesidades lectores están cubriendo, que denominaremos funciones.
Tras el anàlisis del corpus, hemos detectado tres funciones características del genero best-seller: la contemporaneidad, la transversalidad y la conservación. También hemos detectado trss elementos que, a nivel de trama, se articulan para canalitzar estas funciones, como son: el secreto, el abuso o la injustícia y la mujer como nuevo héroe. Estos tres elementos se entrelazan en la trama a través de nexos, que son técnicas de suspense, y que ameniza la aventura: “cliffhangers”, diálogos para que se entienda todo lo expuesto, un narrador omnisciente y, en general, técnicas narratives del XIX.This dissertation addresses a corpus that has not yet been studied in depth. The purpose is to provide an overview of best sellers since their first great impact in Spain and identify the most successful type of works which, as we will later see, are those with a hybrid nature. The works have been selected from the reader's point of view, that is, the works selected are those readers can have access to, whether the authors are national or have been translated. The results of the analysis have been compared to best sellers in France during the same period of time so that they will not be examined in absolute and isolated terms and the conclusions can have a larger scope. Firstly, for the purposes of this dissertation I have created a new subgenre within best sellers, which serves to identify the most successful works: hybrid best sellers. And then, within hybrid best sellers (books that have the characteristics of different literary genres), those that are based on the most successful genres: historical and crime novels. I have not considered niche genres, such as erotic novels, science fiction or children's and young adults literature, as these have a more specific audience. Hybrid best sellers and genre novels are currently the most successful books and their origin dates back to 19th century serialised novels. The main characteristic of this type of hybrids is their literary ambition. This hybridism comes from a very convenient combination of the legacy of serialised novels (in which adventure is the main core, together with other elements taken from all popular genres) and literary ambition, which appears when the work is not identified with a specific genre. The literary ambition also feeds from the elements that I have identified in the analysis of these works, which raise the cultural level, such as giving information in an explicit way or superficial and sensationalist rhetoric, which is caused by the will to dignify consumer literature. Secondly, I have examined the reasons why best sellers are associated with poor literary quality. On a literary basis, I have come to the conclusion that there is no direct relationship between literary quality and high sales. Thirdly, I have compared different ways of approaching this phenomenon in order to provide both a global perspective and economic, sociological and literary definitions. As to the literary approach, I have considered the best seller as a genre itself, as that is what readers consider them. This leads us to the main purpose of this dissertation, which is to reinforce the literary theory of the best seller as a genre, to outline its most important discourse characteristics, and to find out what reading needs it covers. I shall refer to these needs as functions. After analysing the corpus, I have noticed three elements that work on the plot level to channel these functions: secrets, abuse or injustice, and woman as the new heroine. These three elements intertwine in the plot by means of links that work as suspense techniques and make the adventures more enjoyable: cliff-hangers, dialogues that help readers to understand every bit of the plot, an omniscient narrator and, generally speaking, 19th century narrative techniques.
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Ortega, Molinos Neus. "Enciclopedisme i cànon. La literatura moderna a Dell’origine, progressi e stato attuale d’ogni letteratura de Joan Andrés." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668515.
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En el meu treball d'investigació analitzo l’estudi sobre la literatura universal de l’abate Joan Andrés i Morell (1740 Planes, Alacant – 1817, Roma), comprès en la seva magna obra: Dell’origine, progressi e stato attuale d’ogni letteratura (1882-1899). Es tracta d’una obra historiogràfica que esdevé una recopilació crítica del coneixement humà i dels principals inventors, creadors i investigadors que han destacat fins al segle XVIII. La repercussió d’aquesta obra és cabdal en vida de l’autor a l’Europa Occidental, però cau en l’oblit immediatament després de la seva mort i durant tot el segle XIX. No és fins a la segona meitat del segle XX que es comença a recuperar lentament el seu estudi.
El meu objectiu principal ha estat caracteritzar el cànon particular d’Andrés, que no es formula explícitament sinó que emergeix de l’anàlisi de la seva obra enciclopèdica. En la valoració de les obres literàries, dels escriptors i en general dels diferents períodes culturals, l’escriptor valencià aplica un cànon que és essencialment il·lustrat i, per tant, lligat tant a la tradició estètica neoclassicista com als principis racionalistes i empiristes, sobre els quals s’erigeix la Il·lustració. M’ha interessat especialment la seva aplicació a les tres èpoques que conformen l’Edat Moderna: el Renaixement, el Barroc i la Il·lustració. Per tal d'entendre el seu pensament literari he analitzat també l’estudi que desenvolupa sobre algunes literatures precedents, especialment la grega i romana d’època clàssica, i dues literatures medievals, l'àrab i la catalano-provençal —entesa com una sola literatura. Aquest treball inclou també un breu estudi dels apunts d’Andrés sobre literatures llunyanes com l’escandinava, la xinesa, l’índia i la jueva.
La sistematització que he efectuat de les seves valoracions literàries va precedit d’una explicació dels conceptes principals que vertebren la seva crítica literària: l’enciclopedisme, el comparatisme, la idea de progrés, la relació entre religió i literatura en la seva obra i la descripció del cànon neoclàssic, que m’ha permès permet definir la naturalesa del seu cànon particular. Joan Andrés esdevé precursor dels estudis comparatistes. En el meu treball he pretès establir les similituds i sobretot les diferències principals entre l’enciclopedisme francès i Dell’origine. Aquesta comparació abasta àmbits diversos com la religió, l’epistemologia o la refutació d’algunes de les bases que sustenten l’hegemonia cultural francesa, com per exemple el concepte de progrés.
En un moment en què a Europa triomfa l’esperit enciclopedista de la Il·lustració, la recopilació d’informació va acompanyada d’una interrelació de tot el saber. El mètode comparatista de Joan Andrés és de gran interès perquè posa en relació gran nombre de termes de comparació. La valoració de les obres i dels autors s’estableix des de tres marcs comparatius: el gènere literari, l’època i la nacionalitat. L'escriptor és avaluat tenint en compte el propòsit essencial de la literatura des de l'òptica il·lustrada: la instrucció i el gaudi. Andrés demana la conjunció d'aprenentatge i d'entreteniment, seguint la lectura canònica d'Horaci, però els seus comentaris revelen una interpretació diferent: el plaer és l'eina indispensable per arribar a la instrucció, que esdevé l'objectiu principal de la literatura perquè està vinculada a la idea il·lustrada de progrés. Al mateix temps relaciona el gaudi no només amb la diversió sinó amb l'efecte d'emocionar el públic o el lector, una idea que està en consonància amb la importància que es concedeix a les emocions i al receptor en la teoria literària de la segona meitat del segle XVIII. El prestigi que mantenen els escriptors entre els crítics il·lustrats i la influència que han exercit en la història literària són factors que incideixen també en la seva valoració.
A partir d’aquest plantejament he pogut establir el seu sistema de valoració i constatar les qualitats que considera essencials d’una obra literària, que he examinat en funció dels gèneres i de les literatures més destacades. Finalment he examinat quatre escriptors que considero paradigmàtics en el seu estudi: Ariosto, Shakespeare, Lope de Vega i Voltaire. En resum, en aquesta investigació he pogut exposar la complexitat del seu pensament, discernir les bases teòriques de les seves valoracions i establir els criteris que empra per constituir el seu cànon literari.The objective of this research is to analyse the literary thought of Joan Andrés i Morell in his great work Dell'origine, progressi e stato attuale d’ogni letteratura (1782-1799). For this purpose I will attempt to systematize his judgements and to point out which aspects are traditional and which are innovative within the framework of neoclassical poetics, taking into consideration that at the end of the century in Italy and Spain neoclassicism was becoming more and more heterodox, reflecting the aesthetic and literary transformations of the period. Joan Andrés’ magnum opus, aims to offer up examples of model authors to serve as a reference points for future writers. Andrés assesses authors and literary works both critically and comparatively, from three different perspectives: time period, nation, and literary genre. His commentaries facilitate the establishment of a hierarchy of authors for each of these comparative frameworks and ultimately lay down universal models. The factors that determine an author’s quality largely relate to their concept of literature, their recognition from other literary writers and critics, to classicist poetics, and the author’s own sensitivity, which is partly innate. Andrés’ assessment of writers incorporates an enlightenment understanding of the essential purpose of literature: of instruction and enjoyment. Enjoyment is not just associated with fun, it is also linked to the effect of moving the audience, an idea which is certainly in keeping with the importance granted to the emotions and the audience in the literary theory of the second half of the 18th century. The prestige afforded to writers from enlightenment critics and the influence they exerted on literary history are factors that also influence his assessment. Regarding classicist poetics, Andrés considers how knowledge of literary theory and models allows authors to identify the essential qualities of a work and its adaptation to its given genre. This last procedure encompasses aspects such as theme choice, plot development, character type, and the specific purpose the work is supposed to fulfil. Notwithstanding the above, Andrés values authorial qualities capable of creating beauty and maintaining the audience’s interest beyond the scope of neoclassical poetics.
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Molla, Rodríguez Guillem. "Ramon Esquerra (1909-1938?) : geografia vital i crítica d'un esperit comparatista." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7830.
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La intenció d'aquesta tesi ha estat analitzar la dimensió biogràfica i crítica de Ramon Esquerra (1909-1938?). Es pretén arribar a la seva teoria a través de la seva pràctica, reconstruir el pensament global d'Esquerra a partir de l'obra dispersa que ens ha llegat i deixar constància d'un pensament literari -un pensament que mai no formularia de manera completa, però que existia i evolucionava a través de la ressenya de les obres d'altri o de la publicació de manuals i estudis-. L'activitat vital i professional de Ramon Esquerra parteix d'una autèntica passió per la literatura i la crítica literària. Aquesta activitat s'articula principalment i té el seu fruit en el camp del periodisme, la traducció i la docència. En tots tres camps, es revela com a intermediari i peça fonamental en la difusió de la literatura occidental i universal a Catalunya, que introdueix, primer, a través d'una crítica comparatista intuïtiva i, després, a través del model francès de la literatura comparada d'entreguerres, que disciplina la primera i en canvia bona part dels centres d'interès.The aim of this thesis was to analyse the biographical and critical dimension of Ramon Esquerra (1909-1938?). My intention was to arrive at his theory by way of his practice, reconstructing Esquerra's global thinking from the disperse work he left behind. The idea was to present a style of literary thinking - a style of thinking that he would never come to formulate completely, but which existed and evolved through the review of others' works and the publication of manuals and studies. Ramon Esquerra's life and career were based on a true passion for literature and literary criticism. This mainly manifested itself and bore fruit in the fields of journalism, translation and teaching. In all three fields, he reveals himself to be an intermediary and a fundamental party in the diffusion of western and universal literature in Catalonia, which he introduced, firstly, through an intuitive comparatist criticism, and later by means of the French model of comparative literature from the interwar period, which disciplined the former and changed its focus of interest.
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David, Juan Felipe Restrepo. "Líneas de fuga: valores menores en la critica literaria de Mário de Andrade, Baldomero Sanín Cano y Alfonso Reyes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-24092013-105139/.
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Esta disertación tiene como objetivo realizar el análisis de la crítica literaria en tres autores: el brasilero Mário de Andrade (1893-1945), el colombiano Baldomero Sanín Cano (1861-1957) y el mexicano Alfonso Reyes (1889-1959), dentro de los contextos histórico-culturales del Modernismo Hispanoamericano de entre siglos y el Modernismo Brasilero de los años 20 y 30, así como de la Revolución Cultural mexicana de inicios del siglo XX. El concepto que sustenta tal análisis es el de valor menor que remite, a partir de la idea barthesiana de imagen, a una palabra que, estando dentro del texto crítico mismo, funciona como clave reveladora y potencializadora del sentido de esa lectura crítica. El valor menor, a diferencia del valor mayor que sería la expresión de una época y de una generación, se propone aquí como la expresión subjetiva que mejor se alía a la práctica de la crítica literaria ejercida desde el ensayo como escritura de búsqueda de sentido y no de certezas conclusivas.The aim of this this thesis is to analyze the practice of literary criticism in Brazilian Mário de Andrade (1893-1945), Colombian Baldomero Sanín Cano (1861-1957), and Mexican Alfonso Reyes (1889-1959), inside the historical and cultural context of Hispano-American Modernism (between centuries) and Brazilian Modernism (20´s and 30´s) as well as the Mexican Cultural Revolution at the beginning of the XX century. \"This analysis relies upon the concept of Minor Values, which departs from Barthes\' proposed image. It refers to a word which, being part of the critical text, works as a revealing key, strengthening the sense of the critical text. Different from the major value -true expression of an epoch and generation-, the minor value is the most subjective expression that best adheres to the practice of literary criticism from the point of view of the literary essay as a quest for sense instead of certainties.
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Wisch, Stephen H. "Teaching Literary Criticism Through Independent Reading." Ohio Dominican University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1556705309193909.
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Atherton, Carol. "Defining literary criticism : scholarship, authority and the possession of literary knowledge, 1880-2002." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275951.
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Bailey, Raymond Frederick. "Some preoccupations of Australian literary criticism 1945-83." Thesis, University of London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282412.
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Birdsall, Stephanie. "Meaning and the literary text." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24076.
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Often debates over literary meaning can get swept up into larger discussions about social significance, political responsibilities, identity struggles and deification of cultural objects. Literary meaning becomes, in these deliberations, not just a theoretical entity but a powerful social force. All of these queries, however, inasmuch as the literary enterprise is a part of human interaction, are dependent on the brute fact of communication. Any notion of literary meaning must ultimately rest upon a concept of meaning that explains, or attempts to explain, how communication is possible. This, in turn, leads down the dark path into human psychology and the relationships of our minds to the world around us. This thesis will attempt to explore various viewpoints about the connections between thought, language, and literature and to argue that these connections necessitate more attention than has been paid to them by literary theorists.
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Phegley, Jennifer. "Educating the proper woman reader : Victorian family literary magazines and the professionalization of literary criticism /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488192119261626.
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McVeigh, Jane. "Literary biography and its critics." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2013. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/literary-biography-and-its-critics(a8f5e71a-c008-4fe2-b56b-2f3ab633e6d7).html.
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This thesis analyses Anglo-American criticism of biography, during the late twentieth century from within and outside the academy. It moves on to discuss the work of three contemporary British biographers, Claire Tomalin, Richard Holmes and Hermione Lee, in the context of recent debate about the genre. Claire Tomalin, is an independent freelance biographer; Hermione Lee, is a lifelong academic who writes biography for the general and academic reader; and Richard Holmes has had a foot in both camps in his experience both as an independent biographer and an academic. The aim is to make the case that contemporary British biography since 1970, literary biography in particular, has not only responded to objections from some academics critics but, at least in the biographies by Tomalin, Holmes and Lee, embraces aspects of recent academic literary theory, New Historicism and Feminism in particular. It is not within the remit of my thesis to provide an overview of literary theory or weigh up its arguments. It is rather the intention to argue that objections to the genre have been influenced by aspects of recent theory, and that critics have not acknowledged the extent to which biographers have also been aware of, and have responded to comparable influences. I will also consider the extent to which objections to the genre are reflected in reviews of biographies by Tomalin, Holmes and Lee, as well as recent developments in the academic study of the genre. The first chapter will identify major objections to biography influenced by academic theory, drawing on both British and American sources. The next chapter will discuss how biographers, within and outside the academy, have responded to these objections. A study of Claire Tomalin’s biographies in Chapter Three will explore the extent to which she considers ‘truth’ as mediated and provisional; how she approaches autobiographical evidence; her use of anecdotes and chronology; and the use she makes of speculation. Richard Holmes, the subject of Chapter Four, is often associated with debates about identification in biography and the chapter devoted to him will explore the extent to which his approach can be seen as ‘Romantic’ in its treatment of the subject as an isolated individual, a great i man or autonomous genius; the extent to which he places his biographical subjects within their social, political and cultural contexts; and his approach to historiography, influenced by the ontological and fictional focus important to Ira Nadel. Hermione Lee, the subject of Chapter Five, is a distinguished academic whose biographical writing negotiates the balance between fact and fiction and ontological and historical knowledge differently from that of Holmes, in ways more congruent with academic practice. Chapter Six will consider the critical reception of biographies by Hermione Lee, Claire Tomalin, and Richard Holmes in academic journals and the reviews of academics in the quality press. Chapter Seven will discusses the extent to which biography as a written narrative has been subsumed within the academy into the wider field of life-writing, and how this subsuming has affected its status and character as a literary genre.
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Black, Devin Charles. "An economic model of literary studies /." View online, 2010. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131524871.pdf.
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Kolbas, E. Dean. "Critical theory and the literary canon." Boulder, CO : Westview Press, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/heb.07706.
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Coleman, Robert L. "A literary study of the novels of Paule Marshall /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10938412.
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Winchester, Rachel. "Dance as Literary Criticism: Literary Analysis and Dramaturgy in a Dance Theatre Choreographic Process." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18356.
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In my research into interdisciplinary choreographic processes, I found there to be a lacking representation of recent scholarship dedicated to exploring the relationship between literature and dance. As a dance theatre choreographer who often utilizes textual sources as impetuses for artistic creation, I have employed methods of traditional dramaturgy in my practice and, in seeking scholarship on this subject, have noted a need for clear examples of dance dramaturgy in practice. In this thesis study, I employed methods from literary studies and dramaturgy in the process of adapting a work of short fiction by Kurt Vonnegut for the stage. I documented my process and have structured the information for the benefit of those who may read it. The artistic product of this research was presented to an audience in direct relation to its literary source. At the conclusion of this research, I posit that dance can function as literary criticism.
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Brennan, Zoe. "Representations of older women in contemporary literature." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271040.
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This study argues that novels by contemporary women writers, such as Doris Lessing, May Sarton, Barbara Pym and Jenny Diski, through their representation of older female protagonists, create alternative discourses of ageing to those that dominate Western society. By placing these figures at the centre of their narratives, the texts counteract the silence and pejorative stereotyping that routinely surrounds the lives of the aged. The technique of studying literary representations of women is not new; in fact, it is a trusted part of feminist methodology. However, one of the assertions of this dissertation is that it is rarely used to investigate texts about the senescent, reflecting feminism's failure to include the older women in their theories. Part one of the dissertation examines such issues in depth, setting out the theoretical orientation of the study. It considers popular representations and paradigms of ageing, as well as considering the power of normalising discourse and dynamics of representation. Part two uses this material to analyse the strategies that British and North American authors have employed, since the 1960's, to challenge common stereotypes of older women. The first three chapters focus on novels that portray protagonists who display emotions, not usually associated with the old, which are revealed in relation to different aspects of ageing: anger and frustration (dependency); passion and desire (sexuality); and contentment (daily life). Chapter 7, 'The Wise and Archetypal Older Woman', shifts its attention away from more realist texts to study characters who emerge from the covers of ratiocinative fiction. It argues that conventional critiques of the genre often negate its more polemical elements, which is a result of their failure to use an age- and gender-aware approach and a problem that generally greets intelligent novels about female senescence. This thesis sees itself as part of a movement that aims to create a space in which older female characters' voices can be heard and recognised. It contends that the authors treated here produce visions of ageing that are not solely concerned with stagnation and decline. They represent a varied and compelling group of protagonists and, in doing so, illustrate that older women are worthy of literary, social and feminist interest.
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MacGregor, Catherine. "Writing lives of addiction: A context for literary biography and criticism." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9180.
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This thesis presents a series of case studies demonstrating that literary biography and literary criticism concerning writers who abused alcohol or who lived in relationships with those who abused alcohol can be enriched by an interdisciplinary appreciation of contemporary addiction theory. It begins with an overview of the various constructions of addiction to alcohol and to other substances and activities, ways of thinking about harmful dependencies which have dominated Western attitudes since the eighteenth century. It then identifies the directions current addiction research and therapy have taken and focuses particularly on the paradigm in most frequent clinical use today; that is, the understanding of alcohol addiction as a disorder not merely of the individual subject but of a constellation of codependent relationships. Literary biography has all too often either trivialized or sensationalized the addictions of writers and their families, and in doing so, has made it difficult for critics to address textual questions which could be resolved more appropriately with a sensitivity to addiction theory in general and to the circumstances of the writer's life in particular. To demonstrate that current thinking about alcoholism and codependency provides a valid way to read works by writers who were either alcoholic themselves or who lived in domestic relationships with alcoholics, it presents "case studies" from eras prior to our own and argues that authorial anxiety about alcohol abuse and addiction was not only a significant factor in the production of the texts but in the preoccupations within the works themselves in ways which repay close reading. It provides readings of well-known nineteenth and twentieth-century novels: Anne Bronte's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, Malcolm Lowry's Under the Volcano, and Evelyn Waugh's The Sword of Honour trilogy. In doing so, it seeks to demonstrate that anxiety about alcohol abuse in the context of marriage and parent-child relationships is a recurring and meaningful element, attention to which deepens a reader's appreciation of the writers' theme and technique and, moreover, challenges-or complements, in unexpected ways-insights from more conventional criticism.
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Masnatta, Clara Lucia. "Freund-schaft: Capturing Aura in an Unframed Literary Exchange." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10658.
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This dissertation charts an intellectual history of collaborations centered on the beginning of socio-critical discourse on photography. I study the critically misread oeuvre of photographer and sociologist Gisèle Freund to reconfigure a transatlantic map of concrete personal, literary, and critical connections during the 1930s and ’40s. In examining Freund’s oeuvre, I suggest a crucial intervention on the notion of aura — Walter Benjamin’s trademark for understanding the dialectics of the original and its reproduction. I advance a reading in support of aura that challenges the canonical “The Work of Art in the Age of Technical Reproducibility” (1940) of Benjamin. The continuous coexistence of the terms aura, market, and photography is present in Freund – author of iconic photo-portraits of writers such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, André Malraux, Jorge Luis Borges or Benjamin. It contests the reduction of the original’s aura and its reproduction to mutually exclusive terms. My counter-reading in fact recovers the prior and wider aura integral to Benjamin’s “Little History of Photography” (1931). It is this cardinal yet neglected piece that inaugurated together with Freund’s La Photographie en France au dix-neuvième siècle (1936) the critical discourse on photography. Walter Benjamin’s presence is dynamically ingrained in Freund’s oeuvre. In addition to their friendship, two additional friends inform Freund’s career. Freund’s mentors were the leading cultural agents in Paris and Buenos Aires: Adrienne Monnier, the legendary French publisher of Joyce’s Ulysses, and Victoria Ocampo, the founding director of Sur, one of the key literary journals in Latin America. The network of cooperative interactions here deployed is conjugated under the critical metaphor Freund-schaft. Coined on Freund’s name, the term draws equally on the meaning of friendship and the creative making contained in the suffix –schaft (derived from the German schaffen, “to make”, “to create”, “to accomplish”). The framework hinges on the tension between history and theory. Freund-schaft brings to light omissions, conjunctions, and the debates that make up the larger structure of feelings, and makes particulars inextricable from a life-woven net.
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O'Reilly, Séan A. (Séan Anthony). "Guy Davenport's literary primitivism." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23347.
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This thesis shows how literary primitivism is the pivot around which Davenport's literary designs spin. Thematically as well as technically the material in his first four collections of short stories is all derived from a desire to explore the beginnings, or the primitive wellsprings, of writing and art. The collage-like construction of picture and sentence will be shown to evolve from a knowledge of palaeolithic cave painting, humanity's first writing system, while Davenport's use of cataloguing and paratactic systems will be shown to evolve from ancient Greek. His primitivism also reveals itself in a Rousseau-like concern to highlight the advantages of primitive civilization on a modern industrial one and how the lessons learned from that are invaluable for present-day society.
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McMullen, Albert Joseph. "Echoes of Early Irish Influence in Anglo-Saxon Literary Landscapes." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467346.
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This study traces the cultural interplay between Irish and Old English literary landscapes. Combining an ecocritical approach to reading representations of the landscape with a comparatist perspective, each chapter shows that the landscape and the natural world were not only static motifs, but that they allow for the observation of literary influence. The first chapter investigates the political use of the landscape in Irish and Anglo-Saxon saints’ Lives. I argue that the anonymous author of the Life of Cuthbert was following a common Irish hagiographic practice of using place-names to claim churches, monasteries, or lands for the writer’s monastic foundation. Furthermore, Bede was aware of this agenda when he rewrote the Life of Cuthbert some twenty years later and consciously removed many of the place-names that localize Cuthbert’s miracles and ministrations from the text. The second chapter compares the use of the natural world in the Old English Boethius to early Irish cosmological treatises. The Old English translator diverges from Boethius in the amplification of cosmological details (e.g., information about the universe and the elements) that have distinct analogues in early Irish sources. The third chapter examines Grendel’s mere in Beowulf as a reflex of the bog of Germanic pre-Christian worship and as a place which draws on imagery common to insular sources pertaining to hell. Reading the mere as an overlay landscape that places pagan past and Christian present in apposition, I argue that this layered landscape is analogous to landscapes in early Irish poetry and saga. In my final chapter, I explore the paradisiacal landscapes presented in Guthlac A and The Phoenix. These descriptions closely parallel representations of paradise in Irish tradition, especially in contemporaneous Irish poetry. Additionally, like early Irish writers, the Old English poets appropriate the landscape of Eden to reflect and emphasize the spiritual state of the monastic. While scholars have often noted connections between early Irish and Anglo-Saxon literature—though few concerning the representation of the landscape or the natural world—this project is the first study to address the influence of early Irish literary landscapes in Old English works. As such, my dissertation holds the potential to redefine ways of thinking about the transmission of influence between these two early medieval cultures. I show that the landscape and the natural world loomed large in early insular literature in ways that have gone unrecognized, while also providing a model to track the paths of literary influence. My investigations revise the received wisdom about Anglo-Saxon literary landscapes, while contributing to a body of scholarship concerned with connections between early Ireland and Anglo-Saxon England.Celtic Languages and Literatures
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McLean, Ralph R. "Rhetoric and literary criticism in the early Scottish Enlightenment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/802/.
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In recent years the importance of the Scottish contribution to rhetoric and literary criticism has begun to be fully recognised by historians and literary critics. Men such as Hugh Blair, Adam Smith and George Campbell have now been afforded a just place in the canon of literary critics. However, the period before the 1760s which saw a great flourishing in Scottish intellectual activity has, by in large, remained untouched. The main purpose of this thesis is to rehabilitate those thinkers in Scotland who were active in the period before this, and who began to change the boundaries of rhetoric and literary criticism, which ultimately paved the way for their fellow countrymen to export their own systems to Europe and the wider Atlantic world. In addition to this, the thesis addresses two other major concerns. Firstly, it will argue that Scotland in this period does not deserve to be viewed as merely a cultural province of England, reacting solely to its larger neighbour’s cultural agenda. Instead, the Scots were engaged in a European-wide exchange of ideas which allowed them to develop a system of rhetoric and literary criticism which was richer than a brand that was developed only in response to English cultural pressure. Secondly, the thesis will demonstrate the importance of the classical influence on Scottish thinkers in their attempts to forge a new style of rhetoric for modern consumption. The structure of the thesis has been set in such a way as to provide a balance between the development of rhetoric in regional enlightenment centres, in terms of both university and club activity, and its development and progression in the traditional institutions of Scotland: the parliament, the church and the law. The first three chapters focus on Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Glasgow, and chart the different influences that each city was subjected to, that in turn led to the construction of differing, yet still in many respects, complementary systems. Within the universities themselves, the figures of Thomas Blackwell of Aberdeen, Francis Hutcheson of Glasgow, and John Stevenson of Edinburgh, merit substantial analysis for their role in this process, not only for the influence which they exerted on future generations of literary critics in Scotland and abroad, but also for their own contributions to the discipline, which have been frequently overlooked. The focus on the regional varieties of Enlightenment also permits for a discussion of club activity in Scotland, which was an integral part of the Scottish Enlightenment. This will demonstrate that the growth of rhetoric and literary criticism in the country was not the sole preserve of the educated elites, but was something which could be accessed from all levels of society. The second half of the thesis focuses on the institutions of Scotland. This section seeks to restore to parity, sources such as political pamphlets, sermons and style books which, under the rules of modern day criticism that concerns itself with only a narrow band of literature, have become overlooked as a foundation for rhetorical development. Furthermore, it provides an opportunity to assess the contribution to the advance in critical theory of those individuals such as Lord Kames and Sir George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh who did so away from the universities.
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Haase, Donald. "Self-Referential Features in Sacred Texts." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3726.
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This thesis examines a specific type of instance that bridges the divide between seeing sacred texts as merely vehicles for content and as objects themselves: self-reference. Doing so yielded a heuristic system of categories of self-reference in sacred texts based on the way the text self-describes: Inlibration, Necessity, and Untranslatability.
I provide examples of these self-referential features as found in various sacred texts: the Vedas, Āgamas, Papyrus of Ani, Torah, Quran, Sri Guru Granth Sahib, and the Book of Mormon. I then examine how different theories of sacredness interact with them. What do Durkheim, Otto, Freud, or Levinas say about these? How are their theories changed when confronted with sacred texts as objects as well as containers for content? I conclude by asserting that these self-referential features can be seen as ‘self-sacralizing’ in that they: match understandings of sacredness, speak for themselves, and do not occur in mundane texts.
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Ferretter, Luke. "Towards a Christian literary theory." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15232.
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Most contemporary literary theories are either explicitly or implicitly atheistic. This thesis describes a literary theory whose principles are derived from or consistent with Christian theology. It argues against modern objections to such a theory that this is a rationally and ethically legitimate mode of contemporary literary theory. The first half of the thesis constitutes an analysis of deconstruction, of Marxism and of psychoanalysis. These are three of the most influential discourses in modern literary theory, each of which constitutes a significant argument against the existence of God, as this has traditionally been understood in Christian theology. In a chapter devoted to each theory, I examine its relation to Christian theology, and argue that it does not constitute a conclusive argument against the truth-content of such theology. I go on to assess which of its principles can be used in modem Christian literary theory, and which cannot. The second half of the thesis constitutes an analysis of a Christian tradition of thought that pertains to literary theory. In the fourth chapter, I examine the concepts of language and of art expressed or implied in the Bible, St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas, and assess which of these concepts could be used in Christian literary theory today. In the fifth chapter, I examine certain twentieth-century Christian philosophers and literary critics, and assess how their thought could be used in contemporary Christian literary theory. In the final chapter, I synthesize the conclusions to these arguments into the outline of a literary theory that both derives from Christian theology and takes account of the objections to such theology posed by contemporary literary theory.
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Clarke, Joni Adamson. "A place to see: Ecological literary theory and practice." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187115.
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"A Place to See: Ecological Literary Theory and Practice" approaches "American" literature with an inclusive interdisciplinarity that necessarily complicates traditional notions of both "earliness" and canon. In order to examine how "Nature" has been socially constructed since the seventeenth century to support colonialist objectives, I set American literature into a context which includes ancient Mayan almanacs, the Popol Vuh, early seventeenth and eighteenth century American farmer's almanacs, 1992 Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchu's autobiography, the 1994 Zapatista National Liberation army uprising in Mexico, and Leslie Silko's Almanac of the Dead. Drawing on the feminist, literary and cultural theories of Donna Haraway, Carolyn Merchant, and Michel Foucault, Julia Kristeva, Edward Said, Annette Kolodny, and Joseph Meeker, I argue that contemporary Native American writers insist that readers question all previous assumptions about "Nature" as uninhabited wilderness and "nature writing" as realistic, non-fiction prose recorded in Waldenesque tranquility. Instead the work of writers such as Silko, Louise Erdrich, Simon Ortiz, and Joy Harjo is a "nature writing" which explores the interconnections among forms and systems of domination, exploitation, and oppression across their different racial, sexual, and ecological manifestations. I posit that literary critics and teachers who wish to work for a more ecologically and socially balanced world should draw on the work of all members of our discourse community in cooperative rather than competitive ways and seek to transform literary theory and practice by bringing it back into dynamic interconnection with the worlds we all live in--inescapably social and material worlds in which issues of race, class, and gender inevitably intersect in complex and multi-faceted ways with issues of natural resource exploitation and conservation.
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Elston, Suzanne Poteet. "Garrison Keillor and American Literary Traditions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500338/.
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Although Garrison Keillor is perhaps best known as the creator and host of Minnesota Public Radio's A Prairie Home Companion (1974-1987), the focus of this study is his literary career. Keillor's literary accomplishments include a successful career as a writer for The New Yorker and two best-selling books about the fictional town of Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, entitled Lake Wobegon Days (1985) and Leaving Home (1987). His literary style incorporates elements from several traditions in American literature--the precise, sophisticated "New Yorker style" practiced by writers such as E. B. White and James Thurber; the oral tradition prominent in the works of Mark Twain and the nineteenth-century literary comedians; and the satiric realism associated with the small-town literature of writers such as Sherwood Anderson and Sinclair Lewis.
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Smith, Mark Ryan. "The literature of Shetland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3938/.
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This thesis is the first ever survey of Shetland’s literature. The large body of material the thesis covers is not well known, and, apart from Walter Scott’s 1822 novel The Pirate, and Hugh MacDiarmid’s sojourn in the archipelago, Shetland is not a presence in any account of Scottish writing. ‘The Literature of Shetland’ has been written to address this absence. Who are Shetland’s writers? And what have they written? These are the fundamental questions this thesis answers. By paying close attention to Shetland’s writers, ‘The Literature of Shetland’ extends the geographical territory of the Scottish canon. ‘The Literature of Shetland’ covers a chronological period from the early nineteenth century to the present day. Virtually no creative poetry or prose, either written or oral, survives in Shetland from before this time so, after a brief discussion of the fragmentary pre-nineteenth century sources, the thesis discusses the archipelago’s literature in eight chronologically arranged chapters. Chapter One concentrates on a group of three obscure early nineteenth-century Shetland authors – Margaret Chalmers, Dorothea Primrose Campbell, and Thomas Irvine – and also explores Scott’s involvement with the northern isles. Chapters Two and Three discuss an important period at the end of the nineteenth century, in which books and newspapers were published in Shetland for the first time, and in which a number of pioneering and influential local writers emerged. Jessie M.E. Saxby became the first professional writer from Shetland and, in the work of George Stewart, James Stout Angus, Basil Anderson, and especially J.J. Haldane Burgess, the Shetland dialect developed as a serious literary idiom. These writers laid down foundations for much of what came next. Chapter Four discusses the end of this period of growth, with James Inkster posed as the last significant figure of his generation, and the war poet John Peterson as the first local writer to depart from the literary principles which developed in the Victorian era. Chapter Five looks at the work Hugh MacDiarmid did in Shetland from 1933-1942. MacDiarmid is not really part of the narrative of the thesis, but the work he produced in the isles is vast. Because he does not need to be introduced in the way the other writers do, this chapter takes a different approach to the rest of the thesis and looks at MacDiarmid’s Shetland-era work alongside that of Charles Doughty. Doughty was a crucial presence for MacDiarmid during his time in the isles, and considering their work together opens up a better understanding of the work MacDiarmid did in Shetland. Chapters Six and Seven discuss the second major period of growth in Shetland’s literature, focussing on the writers associated with the New Shetlander magazine, an important local journal which emerged in 1947. The final chapter then looks at contemporary Shetland authors and asks how they negotiate the literary tradition the thesis has worked through. This chapter also discusses the Shetland-related work of several non-native authors, Jen Hadfield being the most well known. In moving through these authors, as well as providing necessary introductory material, several general questions are asked. Firstly, because almost all the writing studied emerges from the isles, the question of how each writer engages with those isles is consistently relevant. How do local writers find ways of writing about their native archipelago? Do writers who are not from Shetland write about the islands in different ways than local people? The thesis shows how Scott and MacDiarmid, the two most famous non-native authors dicussed here, draw on earlier literary sources – the sagas and the work of Doughty – to construct their respective creative visions of the isles. And, in discussing the work of local authors, it will be shown that, in the early period covered in Chapter One, landscape is the most prominent idea whereas, from the Victorian era to the present day, the croft provides the central imaginative space for Shetland’s writers. A second question that runs through the thesis is one of language. Almost every local author has written extensively in Shetland dialect, and this study explores how they have developed that language as a literary idiom. The thesis shows how Shetland dialect writing gets underway in the 1870s, and how writers have continued to expand and diversify that literary tradition. The two most innovative figures to emerge are J.J. Haldane Burgess and William J. Tait and, after demonstrating how the corpus of writing in Shetland dialect has grown, the thesis concludes by examining the ways in which contemporary writers engage with the vernacular legacies their predecessors have left. Extensive use of the local language gives Shetland’s writing a regional distinctiveness, and this thesis shows how some writers have been enabled and inspired by that idiom, how some have taken dialect writing in exciting new directions, but also how some have felt limited by it and how, by not using the language, some writers have been unfairly ignored by local editors and critics. The thesis also shows that, in its two main eras of development – at the end of the nineteenth century and in the middle of the twentieth – Shetland’s writers took their cues from the general movements in Scottish writing. In the Victorian period, developments in local letters paralleled the interest in regionality and upsurge in vernacular writing that are marked characteristics of Scottish writing at the time. And, in discussing the emergence of the New Shetlander and the writers associated with it, the thesis demonstrates how the second period of flourishing in Shetland’s literature is part of the wider cultural movement of the Scottish Renaissance. The picture of Shetland’s literature the thesis offers is a self-consciously heterogeneous one. Despite the marked use of the vernacular, the thesis resists moving towards an encompassing definition of the large body of work covered, preferring to celebrate the diversity of the writing that Shetland has inspired during the last two centuries. Questions of engagement with the local environment and the use of the local language are constantly asked, but the primary scholarly contribution offered by ‘The Literature of Shetland’ is a realignment of Scotland’s northern literary border.
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Maserow, Joshua. "Responsible responding: the ethics of a literary criticism of the Other." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13939.
Full textAbstract:
Derek Attridge’s insight that, ‘Coetzee’s works both stage, and are, irruptions of otherness into our familiar worlds, and they pose the question: what is our responsibility towards the Other?’ (Attridge 2005: JM Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading: Literature in the Event, xii), is conceptually rooted in Attridge’s tour de force on the theory of literary invention, The Singularity of Literature. In it he spins a complex, nuanced and powerful idea about the nature of literature as event in which the notion of otherness, or alterity, plays a primordial part in the advent of the literary. In this thesis, I develop a critique of the way in which a particular strand of literary criticism, which has blossomed in the field of Coetzee Studies, appropriates the ethical philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas in its creation of an ethics-based, theme-reliant interpretive framework. While Derek Attridge, Mike Marais and Stefan Helgesson have each contributed greatly to this critical outlook, which I abbreviate as the ‘Levinasian Approach’, I choose to focus my research on the work produced by Attridge. My argument unfolds across two main sections. Section 1 contains a disquisition on pertinent aspects of Levinas’s ethical philosophy to literary aesthetics (Chapter 1). Section 2 consists of two chapters where the first (Chapter 2) is a study of the interface of Levinasian ethics with Attridge’s theory of literature in the event. There, I begin with an exposition of Attridge’s theory of literature, exploring its conceptual bearing on Levinas’s ethics. I make apparent the extent of his indebtedness to Levinas’s ethics by closely examining how and where, in the gestation of his theory, he borrows from Levinas’s ethical writings to develop a discourse on the nature of literature. This I follow up with a look at the nodes of divergence, unveiling the ways in which Attridge departs from Levinasian conceptions in his deployment of Levinasian terms. In conscripting the pseudo-phenomenological and transcendental ethics developed by Levinas into a hermeneutics of aesthetic evaluation and literary judgment, Attridge’s position diverges with undesirable consequence from Levinasian ethics. In the second chapter of Section 2 (Chapter 3) I reveal how Attridge’s method of textual analysis in J.M. Coetzee and the Ethics of Reading goes against the grain of the theory of literary invention he elucidates in The Singularity of Literature. Furthermore, I argue that, in converting ethics into an applicative analytic for the audit of texts, with a view to exploring their literariness, he responds irresponsibly in Levinasian terms to Levinasian ethics. If his position is regarded as Levinasian, certain conceptual problems arise for his critical method. Should Levinas’s ethics be regarded as the source of Attridges’s notion of otherness and alterity, then Attridge’s selective appropriation is methodologically at odds with the source of its possibility, with Levinasian ethics.
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TANTALO, LUCIA. "PADRE LUIGI PIETROBONO COMMENTATORE DELL'OPERA POETICA DI GIOVANNI PASCOLI. CON UN'APPENDICE DI LETTERE A MARIA PASCOLI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/46249.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente lavoro si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare la produzione critica di ambito pascoliano del Pietrobono, con una particolare attenzione per l’influsso da lui esercitato nella costruzione della tradizione interpretativa e letteraria pascoliana. Il progetto di ricerca si è focalizzato sull’analisi di Pietrobono letterato, interprete e amico di Giovanni Pascoli, studiandone l’attività alla luce dei commenti alle Poesie di Pascoli approntate dal Padre scolopio, e alle relazioni comuni evidenziate dallo studio critico delle rispettive opere. Particolare rilievo si è posto alla ricostruzione della formazione del florilegio, alla curatela e al commento dell’antologia pascoliana pubblicata da Pietrobono nel 1918 e più volte rieditata: se ne sono analizzate le numerose edizioni e la variazioni apportate nella scelta di componimenti e nei commenti.
Una sezione del lavoro riporta e analizza la corrispondenza epistolare intrattenuta tra Luigi Pietrobono e Maria Pascoli a partire dal 1912 sino al 1950. Ne emerge un rapporto intenso e proficuo dal punto di vista letterario-editoriale, nel quale i protagonisti si supportano per i rispettivi lavori che vanno pubblicando sulle opere di Pascoli. Di queste missive, presenti nell’archivio della Casa Museo di Castelvecchio, si è proceduto alla trascrizione e commento.The aim of the present work is to provide a thorough analysis of the critical production of Pietrobono concerning Giovanni Pascoli with a particular emphasis on the influence that he exercised in building the literary and interpretative tradition on Pascoli’s poetic heritage. The research project is focused on the critical analysis of Pietrobono as a literary man, as an interpreter and close friend of Giovanni Pascoli. The analysis builds on the study of his activity in light of the comments to the opera Poesie of Pascoli made by the “Scolopio” father and of the common relations that clearly emerge from a critical assessment of their respective production. Particular attention has been devoted to the building of the florilegium and to the editorial choices and to the comment to the Pascoli’s anthology first published in 1918 and then re-edited several times. This works presents a detailed and careful analysis of the different editions and in particular of the different choices concerning the works included and of the changes in the comments. A section of the present research work is focused on the epistolary correspondence between Luigi Pietrobono and Maria Pascoli that started in 1912 and continued up to 1950. From the letters it clearly emerges a close relationship and very productive literary-editorial interaction between the two writers that advise and support each other concerning their works on Pascoli’s production. These letters, preserved in the archive of the Casa Museo di Castelvecchio, have been transcribed and commented in the present research work.
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TANTALO, LUCIA. "PADRE LUIGI PIETROBONO COMMENTATORE DELL'OPERA POETICA DI GIOVANNI PASCOLI. CON UN'APPENDICE DI LETTERE A MARIA PASCOLI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/46249.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente lavoro si pone l'obiettivo di analizzare la produzione critica di ambito pascoliano del Pietrobono, con una particolare attenzione per l’influsso da lui esercitato nella costruzione della tradizione interpretativa e letteraria pascoliana. Il progetto di ricerca si è focalizzato sull’analisi di Pietrobono letterato, interprete e amico di Giovanni Pascoli, studiandone l’attività alla luce dei commenti alle Poesie di Pascoli approntate dal Padre scolopio, e alle relazioni comuni evidenziate dallo studio critico delle rispettive opere. Particolare rilievo si è posto alla ricostruzione della formazione del florilegio, alla curatela e al commento dell’antologia pascoliana pubblicata da Pietrobono nel 1918 e più volte rieditata: se ne sono analizzate le numerose edizioni e la variazioni apportate nella scelta di componimenti e nei commenti.
Una sezione del lavoro riporta e analizza la corrispondenza epistolare intrattenuta tra Luigi Pietrobono e Maria Pascoli a partire dal 1912 sino al 1950. Ne emerge un rapporto intenso e proficuo dal punto di vista letterario-editoriale, nel quale i protagonisti si supportano per i rispettivi lavori che vanno pubblicando sulle opere di Pascoli. Di queste missive, presenti nell’archivio della Casa Museo di Castelvecchio, si è proceduto alla trascrizione e commento.The aim of the present work is to provide a thorough analysis of the critical production of Pietrobono concerning Giovanni Pascoli with a particular emphasis on the influence that he exercised in building the literary and interpretative tradition on Pascoli’s poetic heritage. The research project is focused on the critical analysis of Pietrobono as a literary man, as an interpreter and close friend of Giovanni Pascoli. The analysis builds on the study of his activity in light of the comments to the opera Poesie of Pascoli made by the “Scolopio” father and of the common relations that clearly emerge from a critical assessment of their respective production. Particular attention has been devoted to the building of the florilegium and to the editorial choices and to the comment to the Pascoli’s anthology first published in 1918 and then re-edited several times. This works presents a detailed and careful analysis of the different editions and in particular of the different choices concerning the works included and of the changes in the comments. A section of the present research work is focused on the epistolary correspondence between Luigi Pietrobono and Maria Pascoli that started in 1912 and continued up to 1950. From the letters it clearly emerges a close relationship and very productive literary-editorial interaction between the two writers that advise and support each other concerning their works on Pascoli’s production. These letters, preserved in the archive of the Casa Museo di Castelvecchio, have been transcribed and commented in the present research work.
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Barga, Rachel M. "Sex Theory: Theology of the Body as Literary Criticism." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1304527876.
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Sutassi, Smuthkochorn Renner Stanley W. "Postmodernism and comparative mythology toward postimperialist English literary studies in the Thailand /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9721398.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1996.Title from title page screen, viewed May 26, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Stanley W. Renner (chair), Ronald Strickland, William W. Morgan, Jr. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-146) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Brown, Joanne Elizabeth. "Reinterpreting Troilus and Cressida : changing perceptions in literary criticism and British performance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7359/.
Full textAbstract:
Troilus and Cressida is the unusual instance of a Shakespearean play which had long been read and commented upon before stage practitioners explored it in the theatre. My thesis examines the changing perceptions of the play’s characters, paying attention to the chronological relationship between revisions in literary criticism, much of which was written with little proximity to performance, with reinterpretations during its British stage history. The thesis has a particular focus on issues of gender and sexuality. Both the theatre and literary criticism reflected and responded to social change in their dealings with this play, but they did so at different moments. By using the case of Troilus and Cressida, I examine whether theatrical practice or academic literary criticism has acted as the more efficient cultural barometer. Revisions of Cressida are my central example and I also examine the reinterpretations of eight other characters. The delayed acceptance of the play into the theatre means that the claims of relevance become especially acute. Despite the perceived progressive potential of performance, I conclude that theatrical representations of characters in this play have been slow to change in relation to the revisions seen on the pages of literary criticism.
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Lu, Lian. "Penelope Fitzgerald's fiction and literary career : form and context." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1773/.
Full textAbstract:
The investigation of Fitzgerald's equivocal success, of the decisive change in Britain's recent cultural perspective, involves raising questions around canon-formation, the consolidation of a national identity, strategies of writing, and the politics of reading. I have found it necessary to examine aspects of theme, form, genre and context in Fitzgerald's writing, focusing successively on convention and subversion in her work. This 'doubleness' has generated the two-part structure of the present thesis, the first book-length study of Fitzgerald's work. Part One examines the canonical literariness of Fitzgerald's novels through studying literary conventions and thematic preoccupations. It aims to elucidate Fitzgerald's fiction through the tradition of liberal humanism. The canon of English literature is more than a settled corpus, it involves a set of prescribed criteria which, I argue, is the cornerstone of Fitzgerald's literary success as a novelist, biographer, and literary critic. Contemporary British fiction has undergone a focal sea-change seen in its preoccupation with linguistic experimentation, typographical innovation, and topical engagement with current issues. Fitzgerald's fiction is out of step with current critical paradigms, and thus tends to get caught between the canonical and the contemporary. Part Two explores the impact of postmodern approaches on Fitzgerald's fiction, and examines the ways in which age, race, gender, identity and the nation have impinged on her writing. The scope of this study, therefore, comprises gender, writing, and the culture industry. In view of the scarcity of criticism on Fitzgerald's work, and apart from the more obvious critical concerns regarding authorship and periodisation, this thesis draws on a variety of critical perspectives in order to achieve a historical and contextual understanding of Fitzgerald's fiction and literary career in relation to contemporary British fiction.