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Journal articles on the topic 'Literatura nazi'
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1
Morawiec, Arkadiusz. "„Dezynfekcja”. Literatura polska wobec eksterminacji osób psychicznie chorych." Przestrzenie Teorii, no. 27 (December 15, 2017): 261–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2017.27.18.
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The article concerns the theme of extermination of the mentally ill and handicapped in Polish literature. It outlines the basic facts regarding this crime perpetrated by the Nazis and indicates how Polish literature reacted to it. There are few works which deal with this crime. Writers (and historians) probably considered the extermination of the mentally ill to be a fact of insignificance compared to other Nazi crimes, or knew little about it. Thus Polish literature treats it incidentally, by entering it in another, more extensive or “more important” issue (the extermination of the Jews, the extermination of the Polish population), or treats it as an occasion to take up “more fundamental” (ideological) problems. The article analyzes famous works, Stanisław Lem’s novel Hospital of the Transfiguration and Andrzej Bursa’s poem The liquidation of the mentally ill in Kobierzyn by the Germans, and less known texts: Piotr Matywiecki’s poem *** [Dragged into the sun….] and Anna Dziewit-Meller’s novel Mount Taygetus.
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Misseri, Lucas Emmanuel. "Utopía, derecho y moral en Mi lucha de K. O. Knausgård." Cuadernos Electrónicos de Filosofía del Derecho, no. 42 (June 15, 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/cefd.42.16147.
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La novela autobiográfica de Knausgård es un caso paradigmático para el análisis del vínculo entre derecho y literatura, porque permite tener tres perspectivas del mismo: la del Derecho en, de y como literatura. En este artículo se hace hincapié en la primera. La tesis defendida es que la postura de Knausgård, de afirmar el carácter utópico del nazismo, es análoga al debate en torno al derecho nazi. Siendo el aspecto más criticable el relativismo moral que sustenta dicha concepción y que le impide tener una visión más cabal del elemento justificativo de las utopías y del derecho.
 Palabras clave: Derecho y literatura, Derecho nazi, Utopismo, Relativismo moral.
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Holgado Sáez, Christina. "Los intentos de exterminio nazi de los homosexuales en la literatura = The attempts to exterminate homosexuals from literature by nazis." Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, no. 39 (December 15, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i39.5093.
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<p id="docs-internal-guid-0f104a3d-137a-45c3-85d7-79bf8ad2792b" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">El nacionalsocialismo constituye uno de los períodos más infames de la historia. Esta afirmación se confirma por una gran cantidad de literatura que retrata fielmente las atrocidades cometidas. Uno de los grupos más severamente perseguidos, torturados y abusados sexualmente fue la comunidad homosexual, conocida burlonamente en los círculos del Tercer Reich como "triángulos rosas." Este artículo analiza tres biografías publicadas entre los siglos XIX y XX.</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></p><p style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify; background-color: #ffffff;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Book Antiqua'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">National Socialism constitutes one of the most infamous periods in history. This claim is solidly supported by a wealth of literature that faithfully portrays the committed atrocities. One of the most severely prosecuted, tortured and sexually abused groups was the homosexual community, derisively known in the Third Reich circles as "pink triangles." This paper analyzes two biographies of pink triangles that were published between the 19th and 20th centuries.<br /><br /></span></p>
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Navarro Fuentes, Carlos Alberto. "La literatura entre piras, odios y cenizas. La quema de libros en la Alemania Nacionalsocialista." Sincronía XXVI, no. 82 (2022): 437–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/sincronia.axxvi.n82.20b22.
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El ensayo tiene que objetivo principal repasar algunos de los pasajes más representativos de lo que se conoce como la “Literatura Nacionalsocialista” durante el periodo en el que el Partido Nacionalsocialista Obrero Alemán (NSDAP) ocupó el poder en Alemania (1933-1945), lapso histórico (Zeitgeist) en el que tanto el lenguaje como la literatura se vieron secuestrados por la ideología y la escatología nazis. Para ello, se recurre a los agentes participantes más importantes de dicho período: escritores, intelectuales, académicos, libreros, estudiantes y asociaciones relacionadas con la publicación y divulgación de información, así como el papel que la ideología nazi jugó principalmente en las reiteradas “quemas de libros” que se llevaron a cabo alrededor de todo el territorio alemán, en particular en las universidades y en contra de escritores judíos, aunque también de aquellos que consideraban “degenerados”, como los Románticos, los marxistas o socialistas y los defensores de la República de Weimar y la democracia. Lo anterior, lo llevamos a cabo revisando las principales proclamas, manifiestos y extractos aparecidos en la época en revistas, diarios y periódicos, y considerados para la elaboración de este texto a partir de la revisión de libros y compendios que tuvieron el tino de recuperar los elementos narrativos más representativos del periodo aludido
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Possi, Valeria. "Memorias incómodas: la División Azul en la literatura española contemporánea." Revista de literatura 82, no. 163 (2020): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revliteratura.2020.01.012.
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El artículo se centra en un grupo de novelas históricas contemporáneas que relatan las vivencias de unos personajes que durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial se alistaron en la División Azul para luchar contra el comunismo en la Unión Soviética, al lado del ejército de la Alemania nazi. En el texto se indagan las maneras de representar a estos personajes de ideología derechista y falangista en el contexto actual de la recuperación de la memoria histórica acerca de episodios relacionados con la Guerra Civil española y la dictadura franquista. La novelización de los personajes divisionarios en las obras de Almudena Grandes, Juan Manuel de Prada, Pío Moa, Ignacio del Valle y Lorenzo Silva adopta en algunos casos un andamiaje maniqueo, mientras que en otros refleja una postura más crítica y plural, abierta a la reflexión metanarrativa acerca de la escritura de unas memorias conflictivas e incómodas en el presente contexto literario y cultural español.
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Czerska, Tatiana. "Zapomniane, przemilczane, przeoczone. Inne zagłady i ich literackie reprezentacje w ujęciu Arkadiusza Morawca." Narracje o Zagładzie, no. 6 (November 23, 2020): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/noz.2020.06.23.
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The article presents findings contained in the work by Arkadiusz Morawiec entitled Literatura polska wobec ludobójstwa. Rekonesans [Polish literature faced with genocide. Reconnaissance]. The scholar from Łódź calls into question the hitherto established hierarchy of genocides. Extensive comparative research into literary representations of particular wartime massacres is what constitutes the thematic pivot of the said treatise, which joins in the discussion scope outlined by genocide studies. Subsequent chapters of the presented book are devoted to literary reverberations of the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by Turks, the Nazi-Germany extermination of persons with physical and mental retardation as well as Sinti and Roma, the Srebrenica massacres carried out by Serbs. The remaining chapters deal with the Holocaust literature and, according to the author’s intentions, an attempt to enrich the state of research, and sometimes – to amend some of their findings.
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Ibáñez Ibáñez, María de las Nieves. "La literatura enfrentada a la total pérdida de humanidad en episodios del siglo XX." Interpretatio. Revista de Hermenéutica 5, no. 2 (2020): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.it.2020.5.2.0012.
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The first half of the 20th century has witnessed tragic episodes in Europe where the topic understood as humanity has being closed down. This article addresses the way literature, or the best of it —written by the survivors at the Nazi death camps, French camps, those who, broken and in front of everyone’s eyes, experienced the progress of evil, like Victor Klemperer— in the light of the difficulty to depict the horror and the decline of the human being, takes charge of genres close to the real —the report or the chronicle, the diary, the essay— and it opposes to horror the necessity of stating an unrealistic human experience in order to, ultimately, prevent it from happening again. As examples we can mention: Primo Levy in Auschwitz Trilogy; Max Aub in French Camp; Victor Klemperer in Diaries; Jean Améry in Beyond Guilt and Atonement.
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Silva, Guadalupe. "Bolaño, Borges y la cultura de fin de siglo. Una lectura de La literatura nazi en América y Estrella distante." Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana 49 (December 18, 2020): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/alhi.73111.
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Este artículo indaga la apropiación literaria de Borges por parte de Roberto Bolaño en dos novelas, La literatura nazi en América y Estrella distante, ambas de 1996. Si bien es conocida la orientación borgeana de estos libros de Bolaño -en especial del primero-, el aporte de este ensayo consiste en contextualizar dicha apropiación en el marco de la cultura de finales del siglo XX, y en explorar un aspecto de la obra de Borges poco atendido por la crítica de Bolaño: su faceta antifascista. A través del análisis comparado de estas novelas con el cuento de Borges “Deustches Requiem” (1946), el artículo se propone iluminar un aspecto relevante del proyecto narrativo de Bolaño.
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Molas, Bàrbara. "«Con suerte, llegará el día de Nietzsche»: las raíces iliberales de la Alt-Right." Revista CIDOB d'Afers Internacionals, no. 132 (December 22, 2022): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24241/rcai.2022.132.3.73.
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Este artículo se centra en el impacto de pensadores europeos –cuyas ideas influenciaron los movimientos nazi y fascista de entreguerras en el siglo xx– sobre el actual movimiento de extrema derecha digital de la Alt-Right, localizado sobre todo en Estados Unidos. En concreto, explora las ideas sobre gobierno autoritario desarrolladas por intelectuales como Friederich Nietzsche (1844-1900), principalmente, o Julius Evola (1898-1974), y su uso contemporáneo en el discurso empleado por el líder de dicha corriente política iliberal estadounidense, Richard B. Spencer. El objetivo es construir un análisis del pensamiento de la derecha radical transnacional, específicamente del pensamiento autoritario, a través del tiempo y de medios totalmente distintos como pueden ser la literatura versus Internet.
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Ortegón Sepúlveda, Luisa Fernanda. "Conflictos bélicos en la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil: Guerra del Conflicto Armado en Colombia y Segunda Guerra Mundial." Elos: Revista de Literatura Infantil e Xuvenil, no. 7 (January 29, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/elos.7.4981.
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Cuando Hitler robó el conejo rosa y La luna en los almendros son novelas de la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil con una narrativa histórica. Pese a tener ocurrencia de los hechos en espacios geográficos diametralmente opuestos, tienen varios factores en común, entre ellos tener un contenido de guerra en el que los niños no solo son los protagonistas, sino los ojos a través de los cuales vemos y sentimos la historia. La primera de ellas hace referencia a la época de la Alemania Nazi ubicada entre 1933 y 1935, en que Adolf Hitler era candidato de ascenso al poder, que desencadenaría en unos años después en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la segunda obra literaria obedece al conflicto interno armado que ha vivido Colombia por más de 50 años. Ambas obras abarcan la temática del conflicto bélico desde una visión ajena a la adulta. De ese modo el desplazamiento forzado al que se ven obligados los protagonistas de los libros es contado de manera más sencilla pero no menos seria, lo cual sin duda alguna aporta memoria histórica en este sistema literario.
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Pérez Zancas, Rosa. "¿Quién es mi padre? ¿Quién soy yo?. Los crímenes contra la humanidad de la "Wehrmacht" en la literatura de habla alemana = Who is my father? Who am i?. The crimes against humanity commited by the “Wehrmacht” in the German-speaking literature." Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, no. 39 (December 15, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i39.5094.
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<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Book Antiqua','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES">En el año 1995 el Instituto de Investigación Social de Hamburgo puso en marcha la exposición itinerante Guerra de Exterminio. Los Crímenes del Ejército 1941-1944, desmantelando la existente diferenciación entre el ejército alemán y las SS, mientras se demostraba la participación del ejército en los crímenes durante las "operaciones de limpieza étnica" de la población en el este de Europa. Autores como Klaus Schlesinger (1971) o Ulla Hahn (2003) intentaron de destabuizar a través de su escritura esta etapa oscura de Alemania, empleando como detonante de la desconfianza las fotografías que dejaron como prueba los soldados del ejército alemán. Mi ponencia se centrará en el enfrentamiento literario con las fotografías de los verdugos nazis, que hoy ocupa un espacio importante en el trabajo analítico de los crímenes contra la humanidad cometidos por los nazis.</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Book Antiqua','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; -ms-text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="line-height: 150%; font-family: 'Book Antiqua','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES">In 1995 the Social Research Institute of Hamburg launched the traveling exhibition War of Extermination. The Army Crimes 1941-1944, dismantling the existing differentiation between the German army and the SS. He demonstrated the participation of the Wehrmacht in crimes against humanity during the "ethnic cleansing operations" of the population in Eastern Europe. Authors like Klaus Schlesinger (1971) or Ulla Hahn (2003) tried to destabilize through this writing this dark stage of Germany, using as a trigger of distrust the photographs that the German soldiers left as proof. My article will focus on the literary confrontation with the photographs of the Nazi executioners, which today occupies an important place in the analytical work of crimes against humanity committed by the Nazis.</span></p>
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García Castillo, Diana Elena. "La vulnerabilidad intencionada durante la dictadura en Chile, en las novelas La literatura nazi en América, Estrella distante y Nocturno de Chile de Roberto Bolaño." EN-CLAVES del pensamiento 29 (January 1, 2021): 172–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46530/ecdp.v0i29.399.
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Las novelas La literatura nazi en América, Estrella distante y Nocturno de Chile del escritor Roberto Bolaño vislumbran que la vulnerabilidad de algunos personajes es un asunto intencionado y de interdependencia que se despliega en secuestro, tortura, asesinato y desaparición forzada a consecuencia de una subjetivación que sale de la norma que establece el poder de Estado neoliberal. Apoyo mis aseveraciones en la noción de vulnerabilidad e interdependencia que desarrolla Judith Butler; en el planteamiento de Adriana Fuentes sobre subjetividad; y en la propuesta de David Harvey acerca del neoliberalismo. El objetivo es mostrar cómo estas narrativas de Roberto Bolaño dialogan con personajes vulnerables que fueron aniquilados sistemáticamente a causa de una ideología política discrepante con los principios neoliberales. Mediante las reflexiones del artículo llego a la conclusión de que la postura de Bolaño al escribir sobre los personajes disidentes políticos es la de visibilizarlos como cuerpos que importan
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Macías Horas, Javier, and Carolina Suárez Hernán. "Herencia narrativa, fragmentación y fractalidad en las biografías infames de Roberto Bolaño y Juan Rodolfo Wilcock." Rilce. Revista de Filología Hispánica 29, no. 2 (2015): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/008.29.2898.
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Este trabajo pretende establecer un vínculo genealógico entre La sinagoga de los iconoclastas,de Juan Rodolfo Wilcock, y La literatura nazi en América, de Roberto Bolaño. Se revisan las características del microgénero de la biografía ficticia inaugurado por Vidas imaginarias, de Marcel Schwob, y reelaborado por Jorge Luis Borges en el que se incluyen las obras mencionadas de Wilcock y de Bolaño. Por otro lado, se realiza una lectura comparativa de las obras y un análisis de las estructuras formales y temáticas desde un enfoque que vincula el universo literario de Wilcock y Bolaño con la física de los sistemas complejos. Para ello, se conjugan los conceptos de fractalidad, fragmentaridad y autosimilitud, entre otros. Igualmente, el artículo indaga en las reflexiones de Bolaño y de Wilcock sobre el canon literario y la historia de la ciencia, respectivamente, a partir del tratamiento paródico de los personajes y de sus historias.
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Philpott, Colin. "Relics of the Reich – dark tourism and Nazi sites in Germany." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 2 (2017): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-11-2016-0058.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the fate of the buildings and public spaces created by the Nazis. By doing so, the author explains how Germany has handled this difficult legacy as part of a wider narrative of Germany’s post-war national reconciliation with its Nazi past. Design/methodology/approach Visits to Germany; interviews with German academics and museum professionals running memorials and museums relevant to the subject; study of literature related to specific Nazi sites and also literature related to the Nazi legacy in Germany more generally, as well as discussion with academics interested in dark tourism and national self-examination of difficult historical legacies. Findings Far more Nazi buildings remain in existence than is generally realised. For many years after 1945, Germany ignored the architectural legacy of the Nazi period through a mixture of shame, other more pressing priorities and pragmatism. Originally, it was pressure from survivors and families of victims of Nazi terror that led to public acknowledgement of the historical significance of some Nazi sites. In more recent years, German reunification, the passing of the complicit generations in Germany and growing national self-confidence have led to a greater willingness to acknowledge the importance of these sites. Originality/value First paper in English examining Nazi architecture in the round and the first one offering a critical analysis of Germany’s handling of the architectural legacy of the Third Reich.
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Ritchie, Hamish. "NAZI LITERATURE." German Life and Letters 47, no. 3 (1994): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0483.1994.tb01537.x.
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Livingston, Kathy. "Opportunities for Mourning When Grief is Disenfranchised: Descendants of Nazi Perpetrators in Dialogue with Holocaust Survivors." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 61, no. 3 (2010): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.61.3.c.
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This article explores the concepts of unmourned and disenfranchised grief as a way to understand the experiences of adult children of Nazi perpetrators, who grew up with cultural norms of grieving alone or in silence. The scholarly literature on descendants of Nazis reflects a group unlikely to warrant empathy or support from others because of the stigma surrounding their family's possible involvement in the Holocaust atrocities. This article uses, as a case study approach, the testimony given by Monika Hertwig, the adult daughter of a high ranking Nazi, who appears in the documentary film, Inheritance. From the perspective of disenfranchised grief, defined as grief that is not socially recognized or supported, the article links Monika's testimony with existing research from in-depth interviews with other descendants of Nazis to suggest that, as a group, they lacked permission to grieve their deceased parents, acknowledgment of their grief, and opportunities to mourn. Based on the theory that the effects of grief can be trans-generational, the disenfranchisement experienced by the “children of the Third Reich” does not have to pass to subsequent generations if opportunities for mourning are made possible and some resolution of grief occurs. Studies have shown that ongoing dialogue groups between Holocaust survivors and descendants of Nazis provide opportunities for mourning to both groups.
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Dewi, Pangesti Rokhi, Tisna Prabasmoro, and Sri Rijati Wardiani. "RASISME DAN PERSPEKTIF ANAK DALAM NOVEL WHEN HITLER STOLE PINK RABBIT KARYA JUDITH KERR." Metahumaniora 10, no. 3 (2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v10i3.30580.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif tokoh anak Yahudi, yakni Anna dan Max terhadap rasisme selama Hitler memimpin Jerman pada tahun 1933 yang tergambar dalam novel anak When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit karya Judith Kerr. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan teori naratologi dari Genette (1980), dan konsep rasisme yang dikemukakan oleh Fredrickson (2015) dan Better (2008). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis novel. Hasil penelitian ini adalah terdapat dua jenis rasisme pada novel tersebut, yakni rasisme institusi yang ditunjukkan oleh Nazi dan individu yang ditunjukkan oleh anak dan orang tuanya yang pro terhadap Nazi, serta teman-teman sekolah Max. Penelitian ini pun menunjukkan fokalisasi Anna dan Max baik yang dituturkan oleh mereka sendiri maupun narator tentang rasisme sebagai bentuk represi terhadap fisik dan psikis mereka. Mereka dapat meresistensi semua rasisme yang mereka alami dengan menjadi orang Yahudi yang lebih baik untuk mematahkan prasangka yang melekat pada Nazi maupun orang-orang yang membenci mereka. Kata Kunci: rasisme, nazi, perspektif anak, sastra anak, naratologiAbstractThis research aims to analyze the Jewish children’s perspective, namely Anna and Max, on racism during Hitler's leadership in Germany in 1933 in the children's novel When Hitler Stole Pink Rabbit by Judith Kerr. The theories used in this research are narratology of Genette (1980), and the concept of racism proposed by Fredrickson (2015) and Better (2008). This study used descriptive qualitative method to analyze the novel. The article is to show the two occurrences of racism in the novel; racism shown by Nazis and individuals shown by children and parents who are pro-Nazi, as well as Max's school friends. The article examined Anna and Max’s focalizations, both spoken by themselves and by the narrator. The article eventually argues that Anna and Max’s perspective about racism is a form of repression towards their physical and psychological aspects. They withstand racial oppression by becoming better Jews to break the prejudices attached to the Nazis or those who associate them.Keywords: racism, nazi, children’s perspective, children’s literature, narratology
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Wells, Bronte. "Nightmarish Romanticism: The Third Reich and the Appropriation of Romanticism." Constellations 9, no. 1 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cons29341.
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Attempting to trace the intellectual history of any political movement is, at best,problematic. Humans construct political movements and the intellectual, philosophical underpinnings of those movements, and, in general, it is not one person who is doing the creating, but rather a multitude of people are involved; the circumstance of how politics is created is a web, which makes it difficult for researchers to trace the historical roots of movements. Nazi Germany has been the focus of numerous research projects to understand the intellectual roots of Nazism and the how and why they were successful in gaining and consolidating power. In line with popular theories in Sociology and History, earlier researchers have traced the intellectual roots of the Nazis in order to situate Nazi Germany as anti-modern, which by extension would situate their crimes against humanityand fascism in the same camp. In particular, Romanticism has been the movement that some historians have cited as a possible root for Nazism. The primary goal of this paper will be to disrupt the historical continuation argument, deconstruct the main parts of each of the camps, and provide support for the appropriation argument. This goal is designed to connect to the much larger debate of the state of anti-modern/modern of Nazism, and aid in showing Nazism as a modern movement. It is through researching and analyzingthe how and why the Nazis appropriated Romanticism that allows academics to study the influences from the past in the development of National Socialism, while accounting for the frame that the Nazis used to read the Romantics and the purpose for the way that Romantic literature was framed within Nazi-Germany.
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Bassey, Alessandra. "Brown, Never Black: Othello on the Nazi Stage." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 22, no. 37 (2020): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-8530.22.04.
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This paper examines the ways in which Othello was represented on the Nazi stage. Included in the theatre analyses are Othello productions in Frankfurt in 1935, in Berlin in 1939 and 1944, and in pre-occupation Vienna in 1935. New archival material has been sourced from archives in the aforementioned locations, in order to give detailed insights into the representation of Othello on stage, with a special focus on the makeup that was used on the actors who were playing the titular role. The aim of these analyses is not only to establish what Othello looked like on the Nazi and pre-Nazi stage, but also to examine the Nazis’ relationship with Shakespeare’s Othello within the wider context of their relationship with the Black people who lived in Nazi Germany at the time. In addition, the following pages offer insights into pre-Nazi, Weimar productions of Othello in order to create a more complex and comparative understanding of Nazi Othello productions and the wider theatrical context within which they were produced. In the end, we find out, based on existing evidence, why Othello was brown, and never Black.
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Flores, Alexander. "The Arabs as Nazis? Some Reflections on “Islamofascism” and Arab Anti-Semitism." DIE WELT DES ISLAMS 52, no. 3-4 (2012): 450–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-201200a9.
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One of the main constituents of the so-called Islamofascism is, in the eyes of those who subscribe to this conception, the close affinity of Arabs (and sometimes, Muslims) to Nazi ideology and possibly practice. To bolster this notion, its proponents do basically three things: first, they try to prove that a massive majority of Arabs took a pro-Nazi stand during the Third Reich and especially during World War II and that important Arab figures collaborated with Nazi Germany during the War. Secondly, they point to widespread—real and alleged—anti-Jewish beliefs among present-day Arabs. And thirdly, they claim that there is a personal, political and ideological continuity between both phenomena and that, thus, present-day Arab Judeophobia has the same character, scope and possible effect as the anti-Semitism of the Nazis. During the War, so the argument goes, Arab attitudes were part and parcel of Nazi ideology, and they largely retained this quality although, after the War, Nazism was overcome in Europe. In this article, three more recent publications which subscribe to the above mentioned argument will be critically discussed.
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Patin, Nicolas. "Von den Schützengräben zur NSDAP. Kriegskultur und Politisierung der nationalsozialistischen Reichstagsabgeordneten." Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 73, no. 1 (2014): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2014-0004.
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Abstract What was the main reason for German people to join the Nazi Party? In the historical literature, the First World War has been often depicted as a major explanation: the conflict is supposed to have created a »war culture« that would have led to the political mobilization of many Nazis. An analysis of the national-socialist members of the Reichstag between 1919 and 1933 does not contradict this hypothesis. Indeed, 80 percent of NSDAP MP‘s were war veterans. Nevertheless, in other parties too, an enormous proportion of delegates were veterans. Actually other particularities can be identified among Nazi members of the Parliament. The combination of these factors with the war experience can provide a more thorough and realistic picture. Therefore the NSDAP had not the monopoly on war experience, but the one on youth and war experience. The Nazi MP‘s were ten years younger than the other fractions of the Parliament. Moreover, a higher part of them were career soldiers, and soldiers‘ sons. They were also more attached to the countryside, by birth, profession, their fathers‘ professions or the subjects they decided to study. All these criteria lead to question the usual excessive focus on war experience. The Nazi political commitment was much more complex.
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Nagelstutz, Daniel. "„I dette sataniske Evangelium“." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 51, no. 2 (2021): 298–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2021-2038.
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Abstract During the Second World War, a few well-educated Greenlanders from the Danish colonies of Godthåb and Holsteinsborg expressed their sympathy for Nazi Germany. However, the background of the political turmoil within the Greenlandic elite remains largely unknown. This article presents the state of research and previously unknown sources on the Nazi riots in Greenland. In a subsequent step, potential motives for the movement will be discussed. So far, researchers have ruled out that Greenlanders were aware of the true nature of National Socialism. Instead, the scattered pro-German activities along Greenland’s West coast have been played down as spontaneous acts of provocation and mere political calculus. In fact, the Nazis’ ideology and war crimes were well known to the Greenlanders. In addition, German polar researchers made friends with Greenlandic journalists, teachers and catechists after the Nazi seizure of power. Last not least, the article will examine how Danish discrimination against Greenlanders contributed to the Greenlandic chauvinism displayed by a few members of the Inuit elite.
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Chalmers, Beverley. "The Medical Manipulation of Reproduction to Implement the Nazi Genocide of Jews." Conatus 4, no. 2 (2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.20993.
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Holocaust literature gives exhaustive attention to direct means of exterminating Jews, by using gas chambers, torture, starvation, disease, and intolerable conditions in ghettos and camps, and by the Einsatzgruppen. In some circles, the term “Holocaust” has become the ultimate description of horror or horrific events. The Nazi medical experiments and practices are an example of these. Nazi medical science played a central and crucial role in creating and implementing practices designed to achieve a “Master Race.” Doctors interfered with the most intimate and previously sacrosanct aspects of life in these medical experiments – reproductive function and behavior – in addition to implementing eugenic sterilizations, euthanasia, and extermination programs. Manipulating reproductive life – as a less direct method of achieving the genocide of Jews – has been less acknowledged. The Nazis prevented those regarded as not meeting idealized Nazi racial standards – and particularly Jewish women – from having sex or bearing children through legal, social, psychological and biological means, as well as by murder. In contrast, they promoted reproductive life to achieve the antithesis of genocide – the mass promotion of life – among those deemed sufficiently “Aryan.” Implementing measures to prevent birth is a core feature of the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. As with many other aspects of the Holocaust, science and scientists were inveigled into providing legitimacy for Nazi actions. The medical profession was no exception and was integrally involved in the manipulation of birth to implement the Holocaust.
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KING, GARY, ORI ROSEN, MARTIN TANNER, and ALEXANDER F. WAGNER. "Ordinary Economic Voting Behavior in the Extraordinary Election of Adolf Hitler." Journal of Economic History 68, no. 4 (2008): 951–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050708000788.
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The enormous Nazi voting literature rarely builds on modern statistical or economic research. By adding these approaches, we find that the most widely accepted existing theories of this era cannot distinguish the Weimar elections from almost any others in any country. Via a retrospective voting account, we show that voters most hurt by the depression, and most likely to oppose the government, fall into separate groups with divergent interests. This explains why some turned to the Nazis and others turned away. The consequences of Hitler's election were extraordinary, but the voting behavior that led to it was not.
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Zeidman, Lawrence A. "Neuroscience in Nazi Europe Part I: Eugenics, Human Experimentation, and Mass Murder." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 5 (2011): 696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100054068.
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ABSTRACT:The Nazi regime in Germany from 1933 to 1945 waged a veritable war throughout Europe to eliminate neurologic disease from the gene pool. Fueled by eugenic policies on racial hygiene, the Nazis first undertook a sterilization campaign against “mental defectives,” which included neurologic patients with epilepsy and other disorders, as well as psychiatric patients. From 1939-41 the Nazis instead resorted to ”euthanasia” of many of the same patients. Some neuroscientists were collaborators in this program, using patients for research, or using extracted brains following their murder. Other reviews have focused on Hallervorden, Spatz, Schaltenbrand, Scherer, and Gross, but in this review the focus is on neuroscientists not well described in the neurology literature, including Scholz, Ostertag, Schneider, Nachtsheim, and von Weizsäcker. Only by understanding the actions of neuroscientists during this dark period can we learn from the slippery slope down which they traveled, and prevent history from repeating itself.
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Stephens, Wendy. "Young Voices from the Field and Home Front: World War II as Depicted in Contemporary Children’s Literature." Children and Libraries 15, no. 3 (2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/cal.15.3.28.
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Promoting support for Allied Forces was a central theme of contemporary children’s literature in the eve of and during World War II; the body of work captures a surprisingly complex and conflicted view of armed conflict and nationhood.Amid the expected imperatives that American children scavenge scrap metal for war bonds and cozy stories of English children evacuated to safety in North America, there is nostalgia for pastoral Russia and an unabashed celebration of the Soviet collective effort. In one of the most charged depictions, a pair of dachshunds forced to wear Nazi uniforms outwit their master. An Austrian refugee, the creation of a refugee writer, pointedly informs a naïve French peasant boy: “There are a great many Germans who hated the Nazis, didn’t you know that?”1 before revealing his father was a prisoner at Dachau.
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Rubio, Fanny. "Cautiverios contemporáneso de Primo Levi a su sombra en España: Montserrat Roig y Jorge Semprún." Edad de Oro 40 (November 25, 2021): 637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/edadoro2021.40.029.
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Tanto los relatos de Levi a partir de Si esto es un hombre, relativos a su estancia en el campo de concentración nazi de Auschwitz como las crónicas de los presos y presas de Ravensbrück tratados por Montserrat Roig en Noche y niebla: Los catalanes en los campos nazis, y las escenas relatadas por Jorge Semprún en La escritura o la vida (1995) y Viviré con su nombre, morirá con el mío (2001), acerca de sus vivencias en el campo de concentración de Buchenwald, nacen siempre de una fecha y un lugar en la historia vivida que no se borrará nunca de la mente de los protagonistas. De manera enigmática, los tres relatos, aparentemente independientes y separados uno de los otros, se van a entrelazar.
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Szuppe, Paweł. "Społeczne formy oddziaływania nazistowskiego mistycyzmu według polskiej literatury przedmiotu." Studia Historyczne 60, no. 3 (239) (2018): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.60.2017.03.03.
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Social Forms of Influence of Nazi Mysticism According to Polish Scholarly Literature
 The article presents the social forms of influence of Nazi mysticism through the lens of Polish literature on the subject. It analyses how the broadly understood propaganda of the Third Reich has influenced and shaped social attitudes.
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Schad, John. "‘All at Sea’: Virginia Woolf, Walter Benjamin, and the Unknown German." CounterText 7, no. 2 (2021): 206–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/count.2021.0230.
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On July 10, 1940, amidst fear of Nazi invasion, a prison ship, of sorts, left Liverpool, England, crammed full of over two thousand male ‘Enemy Aliens’ – Germans, Austrians, and some Italians. They were herded together, below deck, with all hatches sealed. Some were prisoners of war, some were passionate Nazis, but most were Jewish refugees. Among them was Walter Benjamin's estranged son, a young man of 22 years, Stefan Rafael Schoenflies Benjamin. Soon after boarding, however, the authorities mistakenly recorded his surname as Benjamini. ‘All at Sea’, John Schad's critical-creative piece, recounts events around ‘the unknown German’ on the vessel, playing richly on, and with, recognition effects around what is (un)familiarly known about Virginia Woolf, Walter Benjamin, and various kinds of connection between them and other figures from the period.
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Bolaño, Roberto, and Miguel Arisa. "From Nazi Literature in the Americas." Grand Street, no. 70 (2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25008578.
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Bolano, R., and C. Andrews. "FROM NAZI LITERATURE IN THE AMERICAS." Common Knowledge 14, no. 2 (2008): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-2007-076.
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Barović, Vladimir. "Books and education as a means of nazification of Vojvodina Germans." Kultura, no. 168 (2020): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2068173b.
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This paper analyses the book as a means of Nazi indoctrination of Germans in Vojvodina in the 1930s. The paper presents books by Nazi authors that were used as the main literature for ideological indoctrination in the Nazi spirit. Less well-known data are given from the Novi Sad bookstore "Kultura", which specialized in wider scale Nazi literature. The Private German Teachers' School in Novi Vrbas, which was the centre of Nazi propaganda, is a special focus. This is important to mention because future teachers used their position to ideologically guide their students in the Nazi spirit through books. It was published and reported in the Serbian press of that time about the Nazi propaganda that was conducted in the area of the Danube County (Dunavska Banovina). The conclusion of this paper suggests that the books had a huge impact on the nazification of Germans as a Yugoslav minority, at a time when other media (except the press) were hardly present in the national community.
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Wichert, Wojciech. "„Exerzierplatz des Nationalsozialismus“ — der Reichsgau Wartheland in den Jahren 1939–1945." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 40, no. 2 (2018): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.40.2.4.
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The aim of the article is the analysis of German policy in Reichsgau Wartheland, an area of western Poland annexed to Germany in the years 1939–1945. In scientific literature German rule in Warthegau with its capital in Poznań is often defined as ,,experimental training area of National Socialism”, where the regime could test its genocidal and racial practices, which were an emanation of the German occupation of Poland. The Nazi authorities wanted to accomplish its ideological goals in Wartheland in a variety of cruel ways, including the ethnic cleansing, annihilation of Polish intelligentsia, destruction of cultural institutions, forced resettlement and expulsion, segregation Germans from Poles combined with wide-ranging racial discrimination against the Polish population, mass incarceration in prisons and concentration camps, systematic roundups of prisoners, as well as genocide of Poles and Jews within the scope of radical Germanization policy and Holocaust. The aim of Arthur Greiser, the territorial leader of the Wartheland Gauleiter and at the same time one of the most powerful local Nazi administrators in Hitler‘s empire, was to change the demographic structure and colonisation of the area by the hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans Volksdeutschen from the Baltic and other regions in order to make it a ,,blond province” and a racial laboratory for the breeding of the ,,German master race”. The largest forced labour program, the first and longest standing ghetto in Łódź, which the Nazis renamed later Litzmannstadt and the first experimental mass gassings of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe carried out from autumn 1941 in gas vans in Chełmno extermination camp were all initiated in Warthegau, even before the implementation of the Final Solution. Furthermore, some of the first major deportations of the Jewish population took place here. Therefore in the genesis of the of the Nazi extermination policy of European Jewry Wartheland plays a pivotal role, as well as an important part of ruthless German occupation of Polish territories.
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Krausz, Luis. "Nazi characters in German propaganda and literature." Pandaemonium Germanicum 22, no. 38 (2019): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1982-88372238236.
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Shatalov, Denys. "NON-NIPPED MEMORY. THE HOLOCAUST IN THE SOVIET WAR MEMOIRS." ПРОБЛЕМИ ІСТОРІЇ ГОЛОКОСТУ: Український вимір 10 (December 15, 2018): 127–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33124/hsuf.2018.10.05.
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The article addresses the presentation of the mass murder of Jews during WWII in the Soviet printed production. An overall trend of ignoring the topic of the Holocaust in the Soviet media discourse is unquestioned. Yet, (non)presentation of the mass destruction of Jews in the Soviet literature, which is commonly emphasized by the researches, needs clarification. If we look at the Soviet literature on the Great Patriotic War (including fiction prose), we can trace a phenomenon described in this article through war memoirs. Alongside official ignoring of the Holocaust in the Soviet Union, the whole post-war period experienced mass publishing and re-publishing of memoir books which provided direct references to the murder of Jews by the Nazis during the war. Herewith, combatants’ memoirs would often touch very briefly on the murders of Jews, but give no explanations. Such reference style implies that the authors targeted the readers’ background awareness. Detailed descriptions of Jewish discrimination, segregation, getthoisation and murder are found in the memoirs of former prisoners of war and partisans. The account of Nazi persecution of the Jews is an integral part of the stories of everyday life in the occupied territory, which often represents the major piece of the narrative. Under certain ideology, the mention of the murders of Jews was intentionally instrumentalized by the Soviet memoir writers seeking to demonstrate a criminal nature of Nazi collaborators. As can be inferred from the Soviet war memoirs, we are not supposed to simplify a clear-cut attitude of ignoring and should conceptualize the phenomenon of «non-nipped memory» in semi-official narratives. Soviet narratives, particularly war memoirs, did not highlight Nazi persecution of the Jews as a separate phenomenon; although described in detail, it was seen only as a part of the «new order». In the Soviet setting, we do encounter ignoring of the Holocaust (as a separate phenomenon), but at the same time, although with certain limitations, the memory of the mass murder of the Soviet Jews was quite actively reflected in war memoirs.
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Moder, Gregor. "Lubitsch, Shakespeare, and the Theatricality of Power." October, no. 178 (2021): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00439.
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Abstract Ernst Lubitsch's To Be or Not to Be (1942) was filmed during World War II and takes place in the early period of the Nazi occupation of Poland, yet it focuses on the story of a theater group, on actors, and on the metaphysical question of what makes up a convincing performance. Some early critics suggested that this was not the way to tackle a dire political situation, and that the portrayal of Nazis as humans, with their own sense of humor and theater, was disrespectful to the plight of the Poles and Polish Jewry. For the film, however, the political action and the tracing of the philosophical implications of a theatrical performance are not alternative procedures, but are closely linked to one another, and in this respect Lubitsch follows Shakespeare's own staging of power. The article pursues this argument, firstly, in the analysis of the series of Shylock monologues in the film (“Hath not a Jew eyes?”), focusing on the hyper-theatricality of each repetition. Secondly, it analyzes the series of encounters between two main characters, the Nazi Colonel Ehrhardt and the Polish actor Joseph Tura, especially their last encounter. The author compares the encounter between Ehrhardt and Tura to the Mousetrap scene in Hamlet and argues that it functions as the primal scene—in the Freudian meaning of the term—of the film as such. Their encounter is comical, yet at the same time both politically and metaphysically completely serious: The film shows us two visions of Hamlet, and with that, two visions of modernity, embodied in a Nazi colonel and a Polish actor. The film seems to suggest that there is no defeating Nazism without a thorough understanding of the theatricality of power as such—a Shakespearean lesson that is vital also for our contemporary moment.
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Goldstein, Cora Sol. "The Ulenspiegel and anti-American Discourse in the American Sector of Berlin." German Politics and Society 23, no. 2 (2005): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503005780880722.
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In December 1945, less than six months after the unconditional defeat of the Third Reich and the military occupation of Germany, two anti-Nazi German intellectuals, Herbert Sandberg and Günther Weisenborn, launched the bimonthly journal, Ulenspiegel: Literatur, Kunst, und Satire (Ulenspiegel: Literature, Art and Satire), in the American sector of Berlin. Sandberg, the art editor, was a graphic artist. He was also a Communist who had spent ten years in Nazi concentration camps—the last seven in Buchenwald. Weisenborn, a Social Democrat and the literary editor, was a playwright, novelist, and literary critic. He had been a member of the rote Kapelle resistance group, was captured and imprisoned by the Gestapo in 1942, and was liberated by the Red Army in 1945.
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Jones, Geoffrey, and Christina Lubinski. "Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914–1990." Enterprise & Society 13, no. 1 (2012): 85–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700010946.
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This article is concerned with business strategies of political risk management during the twentieth century. It focuses especially on Beiersdorf, a pharmaceutical and skin care company in Germany. During World War I, the expropriation of its brands and trademarks revealed its vulnerability to political risk. Following the advent of the Nazi regime in 1933, the largely Jewish owned and managed company faced a uniquely challenging combination of home and host country political risk. This article reviews the company's responses to these adverse circumstances, challenging the prevailing literature that interprets so-called “cloaking” activities as one element of businesses' cooperation with the Nazis. We also depart from the previous literature in assessing the outcomes of the company's strategies after 1945 and examine the challenges and costs faced by the company in recovering the ownership of its brands. While the management of distance became much easier over the course of the twentieth century because of communications improvements, this article shows that the management of governments and political risk grew sharply.
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Zeidman, Lawrence A. "Neuroscience in Nazi Europe Part II: Resistance against the Third Reich." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 6 (2011): 826–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100012397.
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Previously, I mentioned that not all neuroscientists collaborated with the Nazis, who from 1933 to 1945 tried to eliminate neurologic and psychiatric disease from the gene pool. Oskar and Cécile Vogt openly resisted and courageously protested against the Nazi regime and its policies, and have been discussed previously in the neurology literature. Here I discuss Alexander Mitscherlich, Haakon Saethre, Walther Spielmeyer, Jules Tinel, and Johannes Pompe. Other neuroscientists had ambivalent roles, including Hans Creutzfeldt, who has been discussed previously. Here, I discuss Max Nonne, Karl Bonhoeffer, and Oswald Bumke. The neuroscientists who resisted had different backgrounds and motivations that likely influenced their behavior, but this group undoubtedly saved lives of colleagues, friends, and patients, or at least prevented forced sterilizations. By recognizing and understanding the actions of these heroes of neuroscience, we pay homage and realize how ethics and morals do not need to be compromised even in dark times.
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Dmytryshyn, Basyl. "The SS Division ‘Galicia’: Its Genesis, Training, Deployment." Nationalities Papers 21, no. 2 (1993): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999308408276.
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It is an indisputable historical fact that between 1933 and 1945 groups and individuals in many countries of Europe, as well as in other parts of the world, sympathized (for different reasons and motives) with Nazi public pronouncements, especially those critical of the post-World War I settlement. It is also an indisputable historical fact that other groups and individuals in many European countries resisted (for different reasons and motives) Nazi domination, policies and practices. Unfortunately, current historical literature does not reflect clearly this dichotomy. Some nations, because of the activities of a few, are portrayed as Nazi collaborators, regardless of the human losses they suffered under Nazi rule; and, conversely, others are presented as anti-Nazi resisters, regardless of their actual contributions.
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Casteel, Sarah Phillips. "Making History Visible." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 25, no. 1 (2021): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-8912768.
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While interned by the Nazis in Belgium and Bavaria during World War II, the little-known Surinamese artist Josef Nassy (1904–76) created a series of paintings and drawings documenting his experiences and those of other black prisoners. Nassy’s artworks uniquely register the presence of Caribbean, African, and African American prisoners in the Nazi camp system. While the Nassy Collection at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum cannot render transparent a wartime experience that has gone largely unrecorded, it illustrates how shifting from a textual to a visual lens can enable an unremembered history to enter our field of vision, thereby generating an alternative wartime narrative. After tracing Nassy’s family history in Suriname and the conditions of his European incarceration, this essay discusses two paintings that demonstrate the significance of visual art in the context of black civilian internment—for both the artist-prisoner and the researcher.
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Seidelman, William E. "Mengele Medicus: Medicine's Nazi Heritage." International Journal of Health Services 19, no. 4 (1989): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/b7uy-n2um-6r4g-xpcf.
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Nazi medicine is commonly considered to be an aberration that began and ended with the horrors of the Hitler regime. But its beginnings were more gradual and its legacy more pernicious. Data derived from research conducted on unknowing and unwitting subjects in death camps continue to be cited in authoritative contemporary medical literature. Nazi medicine has become a part of the professional genotype of modern medicine. This continuing influence of Nazi medicine raises profound questions for the epistemology and morality of medicine.
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Mashevsky, O., and D. Ozherelyeva. "ACTIVITIES OF SOVIET AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE DURING THE FINAL STAGE OF THE SOVIET-GERMAN WAR." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 151 (2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.151.12.
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The manipulative influence of the Soviet and German ideological machines on the population of the Ukrainian territories at the final stage of the Soviet-German war is studied. The state of studying the problem in the scientific literature and sources is considered, special attention is paid to the use of periodicals, especially local, in the propaganda of both the Soviet Union and the other warring party - Nazi Germany. Attention is drawn to the attempts of the Nazi authorities to gain the loyalty of the Ukrainian population through propaganda manipulations during the occupation, emphasizing the mass crimes and repressions of the Bolshevik regime. At the same time, the policy of the Third Reich, the civilization mission of Germany, and the resounding victories of the German Wehrmacht were portrayed positively. The Ukrainian population was intimidated by the prospect of the return of the brutal Soviet regime with its plans to punish those under German occupation. On the other hand, it is shown how the Soviet authorities exerted propaganda efforts to spread influence on the population of Ukrainian territory, even during the period of the population under German occupation in order to encourage to sabotage the measures of the occupying power, to fight against the Nazi regime. It was stressed that after the return of Soviet power, a large part of the population, who hoped for softening, liberalization of the Bolshevik regime, was disappointed by the return of repressive authorities, unjustified persecution of civilians, pressure on Ostarbeiters, former concentration camp prisoners, and socioeconomic injustice. It is noted that Soviet propaganda took measures to form the so-called "new Soviet patriotism" in order to neutralize these factors and the previous influence of the German ideological machine. To this end, the military feat of the Red Army, guerrillas, and rear workers was glorified, often exaggerated, and the crimes of the Nazis were emphasized. Thus, the inhabitants of the Ukrainian territories were encouraged to make heroic efforts for the final victory over Germany and the reconstruction of the country.
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Doherty, Thomas, James Stamant, Tom Cerasulo, et al. "A Stahr Is Born: A Roundtable on Amazon.com's The Last Tycoon Television Pilot." F. Scott Fitzgerald Review 14, no. 1 (2016): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/fscotfitzrevi.14.1.229.
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Abstract Amazon.com has produced for its streaming service a pilot episode for its forthcoming series based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's final, unfinished novel, posthumously published in 1941 as The Last Tycoon and known in Fitzgerald studies since 1993 by its alternate title, The Love of the Last Tycoon. Starring Matt Bomer and Kelsey Grammer, the hour-long production borrows key elements from Fitzgerald, but, perhaps controversially, includes many not found in the original text. Most notably, screenwriter and director Billy Ray has woven subplots about Nazis and Joad-like Hooverville dwellers into the story of studio genius Monroe Stahr, whom Fitzgerald based on Irving Thalberg. The Fitzgerald Review invited commentary on the pilot episode from several scholars, including film historian Thomas Doherty, whose Hollywood and Hitler, 1933–1939 is the definitive source on the Nazi influence on American film production. As our roundtable of reviewers were assessing the show, Amazon announced that a full first season of ten episodes will go into production in 2017. The Last Tycoon thus becomes the second Fitzgerald-inspired series Amazon is producing, joining Z: The Beginning of Everything, its “bio-series” on the life of Zelda Fitzgerald.
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Agapitos, Panagiotis A. "Franz Dölger and the hieratic model of Byzantine literature." Byzantinische Zeitschrift 112, no. 3 (2019): 707–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bz-2019-0031.
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Abstract The paper examines more broadly the intellectual formation, early carreer and research activity of Franz Dölger with the aim to elucidate, on the one hand, the shift that took place in Byzantine Studies in Munich during the Thirties of the previous century from a philological to a historical direction. On the other hand, the paper offers a detailed analysis of Dölger’s concept of Byzantine literature and its history, the development of this concept and its immediate impact on Byzantine Philology as a separate field within Byzantine Studies. Pivotal in understanding Dölger’s concept are his connection with and use of the Nazi regime and its ideology, as well as a latent but visible antagonism to Karl Krumbacher. The paper includes an analysis of hitherto unknown publications of Dölger from the Nazi era and a number of unpublished documents pertaining to the Athos Expedition of July 1941 and its aftermath.
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Lyon-Caen, Judith. "Michel Borwicz: między Polską a Francją, między literaturą a historią." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, no. 13 (December 3, 2017): 260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.359.
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Michał Borwicz was a Polish poet, prose writer, and a publicist of Jewish origins. During the Nazi occupation he was resettled to the Lvov getto, and in the years 1942–1943 he was imprisoned in the Janowska concentration camp. He managed to escape and next he was active in the resistance movement. After the war as a director of the Jewish Historical Commission in Kraków he tried to collect and publish testimonies of the Holocaust survivors. In 1947 he decided to emigrate to France. In 1953 Borwicz defended his doctoral dissertation at the Sorbonne. The dissertation was published the same year. It presents writings of people “condemned to death” under Nazi occupation, and is considered a pioneer study of literature and writing practices in the camps and ghettos. Unfortunately the singularity of the author and the strength of his work are still underestimated.
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Remy, Steven P. "The Nazi Conscience." AJS Review 31, no. 1 (2007): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009407000487.
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Kabalek, Kobi. "Commemorating Failure: Unsuccessful Rescue of Jews in German Film and Literature, 1945–1960*." German History 38, no. 1 (2019): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghz021.
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Abstract Scholars have so far interpreted postwar depictions of Germans saving Jews from Nazi persecution mainly as apologetic references that allowed Germans to avoid addressing problematic aspects of their history. Yet although such portrayals appear in many postwar German accounts, depictions of successful rescues of Jews are relatively rare in literary and filmic works produced between 1945 and the early 1960s. This article argues that in presenting failed rescue of Jews, several German authors aimed to contribute to the re-education and moral transformation of the German population. The article’s first part shows that narratives of failed rescue were considered particularly useful for arousing Germans’ empathy with the Nazis’ Jewish victims. The article’s second part examines those works that went further and tailored stories of unsuccessful rescue to criticize Germans for not doing more to resist the regime. Although these works presented Germans as victims, as was common in many contemporaneous depictions, it would be misleading to view them merely as apologetic accounts. Rather, the widespread reluctance to commemorate the persecution of Jews urged several authors to retain the common image of Germans as victims in order to avoid alienating their audience. At the same time, using narratives of failed rescue, these writers and filmmakers explored new ways to allow Germans to speak about the Holocaust and reflect on their conduct. Attempts to both arouse a moral debate and avoid directly speaking about Germans’ collective responsibility might seem irreconcilable from today’s perspective, but not for Germans of the 1940s and 1950s.
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Rothberg, Michael. "In the Nazi Cinema." Wasafiri 24, no. 1 (2009): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690050802588984.
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Boucher, Geoff M. "Death Cults and Dystopian Scenarios: Neo-Nazi Religion and Literature in the USA Today." Religions 12, no. 12 (2021): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12121067.
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In this article, I investigate the literary representation of the religious convictions and political strategy of neo-Nazi ideologues who are influential in rightwing authoritarian movements in the USA today. The reason that I do this is because in contemporary fascism, the novel has replaced the political manifesto, the military manual and proselytizing testimony, since fiction can evade censorship and avoid prosecution. I read William Luther Pierce’s Turner Diaries and Hunter together with his text on speculative metaphysics and religious belief, Cosmotheism. Then, I turn to Harold Covington’s Northwestern Quintet with The Brigade, reading this with Christian Identity and his own conception of Nazi religious tolerance. Finally, I look at OT Gunnarsson’s Hear the Cradle Song, reading this together with discussions of racism in Californian Odinism. I propose that what this literature shows is that the doctrinal differences between the three main strands of neo-Nazi religion—Cosmotheism, Christian Identity and Odinism—are less significant than their common ideological functions. These are twofold: (1) the sacralization of violence and (2) the sanctification of elites. The dystopian fictions of fascist literature present civil war scenarios whose white nationalist and genocidal outcome is the result of what are, strictly speaking, supremacist death cults.