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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Literature and the war

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Academic literature on the topic 'Literature and the war'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Literature and the war"

1

Hager, Tamar, and David Bevan. "Literature and War." Poetics Today 11, no. 4 (1990): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1773085.

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Saint-Amour, Paul K. "Teaching War Literature in the War University." College Literature 43, no. 1 (2016): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lit.2016.0007.

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Cole, Sarah. "Enchantment, Disenchantment, War, Literature." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 5 (October 2009): 1632–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.5.1632.

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This essay employs the notions of enchantment and disenchantment to develop a theory of literature and violence across the twentieth century. War and violence were imagined either as generative, providing the symbolic core for cultural self-definition, or as entirely unredeemable, as pointless attacks on human flesh. A wide-ranging language is provided for elucidating the relation of literature to war and violence, and T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land (1922) is considered as an example of the key motifs traversing and defining this history. The poem demonstrates that literary modernism, for all its tendency to encode, rescript, and miscegenate, was fully and intricately engaged with the polarization between transformative and useless violence.

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Compagnon, Antoine. "War, Literature and Democracy." La lettre du Collège de France, no. 9 (September 25, 2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lettre-cdf.2195.

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Tulgar, Yasemin Uzun. "War in Turkish Literature." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 (2012): 4404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.263.

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Pape, Marion. "Nigerian War Literature by Women: From Civil War to Gender War." Matatu 29-30, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-029030016.

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P, Sangeetha, and Nallasivam G.P. "War Ethics in Tamil Literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-19 (December 10, 2022): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1952.

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The war has been going on from the Sangam age to the modern day. However, there are certain rules that are followed for waging war. There are many more ethics followed in the Sangam warfare systems than in the methods of warfare of the 21st century. Tamil literature describes the war tradition of the Tamils as a number of morals. Among them, literary works such as Tolkappiyam, Purananooru, Purapporul, Venba Maalai, Pathiruppathu, and Thirukkural deal with the war tradition and ideology. The ancient scriptures bear testimony to the fact that the Tamils lived as incomparable in love and character. Ethics for waging war, protocols, and all war crimes that exist among nations today deserve attention. This article seeks to examine how battlefields, warriors, warfare processes, combat management, and the suffering caused by war are mentioned in the Sangam war stories, and how the principles of global warfare exist in today's times.

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Ruslan, Mamarajabov. "FEATURES OF MODERN RUSSIAN MASS LITERATURE." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-11-38.

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Well into the 20th century, Russian literature was an important forum for societal self-understanding. This function, however, was lost during the First World War. Revolution and civil war completed the transformation of the literary establishment, although another brief flowering followed in the 1920s. The chronological pattern of Russian literature at the beginning of the 20th century is mostly oriented towards the diverse movements, groups, and schools. Although some structures persisted in part into the years after 1917, they did not prove resistant to the political, social, economic, and cultural upheavals triggered by the war. Analogously, the authors changed not only their view of the world, but also their subjects and means of expression. For this reason, the war as an historical context of literary creation (with the decisive years of 1904/05, 1913/14 to 1917/18, and 1921/22) moves to the centre, including its interrelationship with the global revolutionary undercurrent of the time.

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SungIL Kim. "War in Leo Tolstoy’s Literature and War and Peace." Cross-Cultural Studies 34, no. ll (March 2014): 115–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21049/ccs.2014.34..115.

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Crotty, Martin. "War Stories: The War Memoir in History and Literature." Australian Journal of Politics & History 63, no. 3 (September 2017): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12399.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Literature and the war"

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Langton, Scott Charles. "The Works of Nakajima Atsushi "War is war and literature is literature"." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1208532046.

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Ngo, Lập Tu McLaughlin Robert L. "Literature as allusion processing and teaching Vietnam-American war literature." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1225141141&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1177941823&clientId=43838.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006.
Title from title page screen, viewed on April 30, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Robert L. McLaughlin (chair), Ronald Strickland, Aaron Smith. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-207) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Swartz, Howard M. "The Soviet-Afghan War in Russian literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1b5cf666-d10b-4df2-9a71-967cb98d5b46.

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This thesis is an historical and literary investigation of the treatment of the 1979- 89 Soviet-Afghan War in contemporary Russian literature. The texts chosen for study include official and unofficial literature, written within the former USSR as well as abroad, and cover publicistic writing, poetry, and prose fiction. These works are described and analyzed with a two-fold purpose: to explore creative trends found in the literature of this subject, and to evaluate the extent to which the genre of Afghan War literature in Russian has changed over the past decade. In order to provide a context for this literature, the introduction describes the method of socialist realism as it applies to military themes, and the legacy of World War Two novels in Russian. The first chapter provides a brief history of Russian-Afghan relations, and an account of the ten-year intervention. The second chapter documents the dissolution of official censorship during the 1980s, revealing dissent over the Soviet military role in Afghanistan. Chapter Three discusses the evolution of the genre of publicistic writing, and documents its unprecedented frankness through revelations made in Soviet journalistic investigations. Chapter Four provides an overview of song and poetry about the conflict, beginning with magnitizdat produced by amateur songwriters, and later including works by professional poets. Chapter Five discusses novels and short stories about the war. A range of fictional works is traced, from propagandistic portrayals, both pro-and anti-Soviet, to non-ideological, personal interpretations which incorporate lyricism, satire, and fantasy. Chapter Six focuses on the works of Aleksandr Prokhanov, a writer who initially used his fiction to support the war effort, and whose oeuvre charts the disintegration of Party consensus on interpretation and depiction of the events in Afghanistan. The final three chapters treat the works of Oleg Ermakov, whose lyricism and stylistic experimentation mark a new direction for recent Russian war fiction. The analysis shows Afghan War literature to signal a radical break with recent official Soviet military writing as shaped by socialist realism. This break is evident in the frankness and subjectivity of publicistic writing, and the anti-war sentiment found in a significant minority of published songs and poems. In particular, Oleg Ermakov's prose continues the past legacy of unofficial, dissident war fiction.

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MacCallum-Stewart, Esther. "The First World War and popular literature." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421434.

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Daw, Sarah Harriet. "Writing ecology in Cold War American literature." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19367.

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This thesis examines the function and presentation of “Nature” in American literature written between 1945 and 1971. It argues that the widespread presence of ecological representations of “Nature” within Cold War literature has been critically overlooked, as a result of Cold War literary criticism’s comparatively narrow concentration on the direct effects of political and ideological metanarratives on texts. It uncovers a plethora of ecological portrayals of the relationship between the human and the environment, and reveals the significance of the role played by non-Western and non-Anglocentric philosophies and spiritualties in shaping these presentations. This study is methodologically informed by the most recent developments in the field of ecocriticism, including Scott Knickerbocker’s work on ecopoetics and Timothy Morton’s explorations of the problems associated with the term “Nature”. It finds significant continuities within these ecological portrayals, which suggest that nuclear discourse had an influential effect on the presentation of “Nature” within Cold War literature. This influence is, however, heavily mediated by the role that non-Western and non-Anglocentric philosophies play in writers’ theorisations of relations of interdependence between the human and the environment. Such literary presentations challenge the understanding that the Nuclear Age represents a conquest of “Nature”. Rather, they reveal that a number of Cold War writers present human interdependence within an ecological system, capable of the annihilation of the human, and of the containment of the new nuclear threat. The thesis’s introductory chapter questions the characterisation of Silent Spring (1962) as the founding text of the modern environmental movement. It outlines this study’s intervention into the field of Cold War criticism, detailing its specific ecocritical methodology and engaging with the legacy of Transcendentalism. Chapter One looks at the work of Paul Bowles, with a primary focus on The Sheltering Sky (1949). It demonstrates the centrality of the landscape to the writer’s creative project, and reveals the substantial influence of the Sufi mysticism on Bowles’s presentation of the human’s relationship to the environment. Chapter Two focuses on the work of the New Mexican poet Peggy Pond Church. It establishes the influence of the writer’s familiarity with the Pueblo Native American worldview on her poetic portrayals of the human and the nuclear as interrelated parts within a greater ecological system. It also uncovers similar portrayals within the work of the “father of the atomic bomb”, J. Robert Oppenheimer. The third chapter analyses the effects of Chinese and Japanese literature and thought on the work of J. D. Salinger. It outlines the function of “Nature” in the work of the specific translators that Salinger names, arguing that this translated Taoism substantially informed the ecological vision present across his oeuvre. Chapter Four explores the impact of Simone Weil on the work of Mary McCarthy. It reads Birds of America (1971), demonstrating the governing influence of Weil’s concept of “force” on McCarthy’s presentation of the human as an interdependent part within a powerful ecological system.

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Rickey, Cathy Louise. "Food and food habits in wartime: Civil War to World War II." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391699545.

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Leary, Joanna Mackenzie. "Henri Thomas : war within, war without : a study of his correspondence." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251672.

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Jentsch-Mancor, Kerstin Silke. "The fictional representation of the occupation in Greek literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365625.

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Isherwood, Ian Andrew. "The greater war : British memorial literature, 1918-1939." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3462/.

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This thesis concerns non-fiction ‘war books’ published in the inter-war period. War books were mostly written by participants in the First World War who contributed to Britain’s memory culture afterwards through the publication of their accounts. The war books catalogue represents diversity in terms of the experiences depicted and the geographic locations represented. Though they went through distinctive periods of popularity, war books were published throughout the inter-war period, and in great numbers. The publishing industry was receptive to martial literature and encouraged its publication. The breadth of the war books catalogue challenges the cultural uniformity of an ‘age of disillusionment’ by demonstrating the different ways that the war was remembered by its participants. War books had widespread interpretative breadth on the meaning of the war to veterans/participants in the years afterwards.

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Trott, Vincent Andrew. "The First World War : history, literature and myth." Thesis, Open University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664476.

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This thesis explores the role literature played in the creation and subsequent development of the mythology of the First World War in Britain. In this thesis, the term 'mythology' is used to denote a set of dominant symbols and narratives which characterise how the past is represented and understood. Many historians consider literature to be the source of the British mythology of the First World War, but it is argued here that previous historical approaches have paid insufficient attention to the processes by which books were published, promoted and received. Drawing on Book History methodologies, this thesis therefore also examines these processes with reference to a range of literary works, whilst employing theoretical models advanced in the field of memory studies to interrogate further the relationship between literature and evolving popular attitudes to the First World War. Through a series of case studies this thesis demonstrates that publishers, hitherto overlooked by scholars in this context, played a crucial role in constructing the mythology of the First World War between 1918 and 2014. Their identification of texts, and promotional strategies, were key processes by which this mythology was developed across the twentieth century and beyond. By examining critical and popular responses to literature this thesis also problematizes the linear narrative by which the mythology of the war is often taken to have evolved. It demonstrates that myths of the war have been constructed and contested by various groups at different times, and that the evolving memories of veterans were not always in alignment with those of the wider public. In doing so it provides a powerful counterargument to the assumption that a mythology of the First World War has become hegemonic in recent decades.

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Books on the topic "Literature and the war"

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1943-, Bevan David, ed. Literature and war. Amsterdam: Atlanta, GA, 1990.

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Rutherford, Andrew. The Literature of War. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19659-3.

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Lopez, Ken. Vietnam war literature: A catalog. [Hadley, Mass: K. Lopez, 1990.

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1941-, Jason Philip K., and Graves Mark A. 1963-, eds. Encyclopedia of American war literature. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2001.

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Stephen, Crane. The Civil War Reader: Literature. Ann Arbor: State Street Press, 1996.

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Nancy, Anisfield, ed. Vietnam anthology: American war literature. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1987.

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1956-, Hardy Gordon, and Boston Publishing Company, eds. Words of war: An anthology of Vietnam War literature. Boston, MA: Boston Pub. Co., 1988.

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Cordle, Daniel. Late Cold War Literature and Culture. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51308-3.

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Peck, John. War, the Army and Victorian Literature. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230378803.

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Peck, John. War, the army and Victorian literature. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Literature and the war"

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Towle, Philip. "War and Literature." In Going to War, 68–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230234314_6.

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Marutani, Atsushi. "Cold War Literature." In The Routledge Companion to Literature of the U.S. South, 162–65. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003009924-42.

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Hobson, J. A., and Morris Ginsberg. "War and Literature." In L. T. Hobhouse, 331–35. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003325260-28.

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Miles, Malcolm. "Post-war." In Cities and Literature, 148–68. London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge critical introductions to urbanism and the city: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315414850-8.

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Bennett, Andrew, and Nicholas Royle. "War." In An Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory, 421–34. 6th ed. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003255390-40.

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Walker, Marshall. "War and post-war." In The Literature of the United States of America, 168–221. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19442-1_8.

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Alexander, Michael. "From Post-War to Post-War: 1920–55." In A History of English Literature, 341–78. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04894-3_14.

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Edelheit, Abraham J., and Hershel Edelheit. "War and Occupation." In Bibliography on Holocaust Literature: Supplement, 100–132. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429033353-6.

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White, R. S. "Romantic Peace and War." In Pacifism and English Literature, 178–207. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583641_8.

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"War literature." In English Literature, 282–302. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315838274-27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Literature and the war"

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BABELYUK, O., and O. KOLIASA. "WAR AND LITERATURE: CREATING HYPERREALITY IN AMERICAN POSTMODERN WAR NOVELS." In Запорізькі філологічні читання. Liha-Pres, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36059/978-966-397-372-2-1.

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Liao, Jianan. "Business Cycle and War: A Literature Review and Evaluation." In Proceedings of the 2018 International Symposium on Social Science and Management Innovation (SSMI 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssmi-18.2019.37.

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Sokolov, Anatoly. "VIETNAMESE WRITER BAO NINH: TALKING ABOUT TIME, WAR AND LITERATURE." In 9th International Conference ISSUES OF FAR EASTERN LITERATURES. St. Petersburg State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062049.43.

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In the history of world literature, there are many examples of one book writers, when only one work of the literary heritage of a particular author was famous, in the shadow of which the rest of his work remains. In Vietnamese literature, this is Bao Ninh, the author of the novel The Sorrow of War (first released in 1987 under the title The Destiny of Love), after which his writing life came a long pause. Bao Ninh was born in 1952 in Hanoi. In 1969, he went to the front and fought for the next six years. After the publication of his first novel, The Sorrow of War, he became one of the most famous writers at home and abroad. This book told the real truth about the recent liberation war of the Vietnamese people. His interviews have been published in national and foreign media, which help to understand what happened to the famous novelist over the years. They served a certain compensatory function, allowing Bao Ninh to remain in the national literary process.

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Jang, Soo Bin. "Reframing Narratives: Studying Asian War Children’s Literature in Higher Education." In 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2101847.

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Jang, Soo Bin. "Unraveling Global Citizenship: Asian War Children’s Literature in Preservice Teachers Learning." In 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2105694.

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PARKER, FRANK L. "UNDERSTANDING ENERGY PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES — A LITERATURE REVIEW FROM AN ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE." In International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 38th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812834645_0029.

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JEFFERSON, MICHAEL. "‘CLIMATE ECONOMICS’: THE LITERATURE AND ITS UTILITY." In Proceedings of the 45th Session of the International Seminars on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814531788_0014.

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An, Sohyun. "Pedagogical Possibility and Limitation of Children's Literature for Teaching Difficult Knowledge of War." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1880742.

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"On the Two Level Dissemination Characteristics of Posters——Take the US Propaganda Picture during the Korean War as an Example." In 2018 International Conference on Culture, Literature, Arts & Humanities. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icclah.18.048.

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JARAB, JOSEF. "LITERATURE IS LANGUAGE STRUGGLING FOR MORE MEANING (WORDS TO HURT AND WORDS TO HEAL)." In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 27th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812705150_0029.

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Reports on the topic "Literature and the war"

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Khan, Mahreen. The Environmental Impacts of War and Conflict. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.060.

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In modern warfare, the first widely acknowledged scientific study and documented case of environmental damage during conflict was the (direct and deliberate) use of Agent Orange and other toxic chemicals by US forces, from 1961-1971, during the Vietnam War in a policy known as herbicide. The Vietnam War has been relatively well documented for the sheer horror and magnitude of the devastation to natural habitats and because it was the first war where television and global media brought vivid images and accounts into people’s homes, making the war a matter of political and public conscience This helped stir academic and scientific interest and facilitated evidence collection and documentation of environmental damages. This helpdesk report is a rapid literature review on the main environmental impacts of war and conflict, drawing primarily on academic, and peer reviewed literature and only some policy and practitioner sources, as per the request. Where current situations are discussed, such as the ongoing Ukraine war, a few blogs are referred to. Within the literature focused on the environmental impacts of conflict, common case studies include: the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) bombing of Kosovo (1999), and the conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine (2014). Interestingly there is comparatively less literature on the conflicts in Afghanistan (2001-2021), the Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988), the Gulf Wars (1991 and 2003), the Yemeni civil war (2014 – present) and the ongoing war in Syria (since 2011) despite their relatively greater severity, intensity and duration.

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Cox, Gerald E., Dinah S. Sunday, and Maurine F. Dahlberg. The Repatriated Prisoner of War Study. A Bibliography of Related Literature from Peer-Reviewed Journals, 1975 to Present. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401038.

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Duignan, M. R. RPP-WPT Slurry Wear Evaluation: Literature Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/782042.

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TÜBA REPORT ON THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI WAR. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-82-5.

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"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international com- munity in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-a- ctor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established inter- national norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international rela- tions and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to an awareness of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional power-oriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and internati- onal policy, individual, academic and freedom of expression are still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."

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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People: Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.

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The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.

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Naves, Claudia, David Amorim, David Geisler-Moroder, Thorbjörn Laike, Justyna Martyniuk-Peczek, Barbara Szybinska Matusiak, Wilfried Pohl, and Natalia Sokol. Literature review of user needs, toward user requirements. Edited by Barbara Szybinska Matusiak. IEA SHC Task 61, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2020-0001.

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This report has been developed in the frame of the IEA SHC Task 61 Subtask A “User requirements”. The main objective was to rethink and reformulate user requirements to lighting (daylighting and electric lighting) in public buildings on the basis of a thorough literature study. The work is a joint effort of a number of scientists and represents collective knowledge in this topic. The concept of Lighting quality is the one, among many lighting concepts, which expresses the user perspective best. Lighting quality is the important goal of lighting designers and planners; however, it is difficult to define and to measure.

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Chiavaroli, Neville, Kate Reid, Pru Mitchell, and Jenny Trevitt. Systematic review of the literature on professional education accreditation. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-711-3.

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This report is a critical and systematic review of the literature on professional education accreditation models, associated methods, and the effectiveness and impact of each model. The review was conducted to inform a review and update of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) standards of accreditation for veterinary degrees. The purpose of the study was to rapidly appraise the evidence for the effectiveness, impact, and feasibility of different accreditation approaches, in order to inform best practices for the accreditation of professional education programs. The study focused on accreditation for programs which produce practice-ready graduates, including for veterinary programs. The authors searched several databases for articles published from 2000 to 2020, using search terms identified during a scoping phase, and applied a rapid review methodology in line with contextual, time, and resource requirements. The full-text review included 32 articles, from which a clear transition in the literature was seen from input- and process-based models (pre- and early 2000s) to outcomes-based models (in the 2000s and early 2010s). Continuous quality improvement and targeted models (including risk-based and thematic) represent more recent approaches in accreditation practice. However the review identified limited empirical evidence for the relative effectiveness of different accreditation approaches in professional education, although evidence for the more recent accreditation approaches is emerging.

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Carter, Becky, and Paul Harvey. A Literature Review on Social Assistance and Capacity in Yemen. Institute of Development Studies, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2023.003.

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Yemen is experiencing one of the worst crises in the world in terms of levels of suffering and humanitarian need. Intense civil war since 2014 has devastated the national economy, and approximately two-thirds of the population (21.6 million people) were assessed as being in need of humanitarian assistance and protection services in 2023 (OCHA 2023a). In response to such huge levels of need, a substantial humanitarian aid operation has been ongoing for the past eight years. The social assistance landscape in Yemen is a complex mix of humanitarian aid and the legacies of social protection systems, with local institutions still playing a role in the delivery of assistance. This paper reviews the literature, looking at the following issues: how best to balance humanitarian and social protection approaches; how to balance meeting acute immediate needs and support for longer-term systems in an ongoing conflict; and how to maintain support in the face of donor fatigue, and a complex and dynamic political landscape in Yemen. In a context where aid actors are committed to localisation, and in order to strengthen the nexus between development, humanitarian and peace-building approaches, it is vital to understand how local capacities have been affected by conflict and how the international aid effort is trying to engage with national and local actors. However, efforts to strengthen local capacities also need to take into account the divided governance in Yemen, ongoing conflict, and tensions between the main donor governments’ funding of assistance and the de facto authorities in the north of Yemen. This paper provides an empirical building block that will help to inform efforts to engage with local capacities by comprehensively mapping the complex mix of local and national actors involved in the management, delivery and regulation of social assistance. This review summarises the key literature and evidence on the capacities of national and international actors involved in providing social assistance in Yemen. It has been undertaken to inform a Yemen study on social assistance capacities and systems, part of the Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research programme.[1] The primary audience is donors providing social assistance in Yemen, to help their decision-making on how to support local actors’ capacities for social assistance. Social assistance refers to the non-contributory transfers (provided as food, cash or vouchers) to poor and vulnerable households and individuals. Today in Yemen these transfers support millions of people, funded by humanitarian and development aid, and implemented by international aid agencies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with national quasi-governmental bodies and national and local NGOs. Other local stakeholders (national and local governance authorities in the north and south of the country, and community members and beneficiaries) are also involved. This Yemen study feeds into broader BASIC Research work on the resilience of social protection systems in crises. We draw on the inception review by Slater, Haruna and Baur (2022) to frame our understanding of capacity along three interlinked dimensions: institutional, organisational and individual capacities. We found a small published literature on capacities for social assistance in Yemen (mainly donor and aid agency strategic and programme documents and some independent analysis of aid effectiveness). In this report, we summarise the political economy of international support in Yemen (Section 2). We map the social assistance landscape (Section 3), as well as the capacities of key national actors (Section 4) and international actors (Section 5 and Annexe). Section 5 sets out some preliminary conclusions.

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Carter, Becky, Abeer Al-Absi, and Paul Harvey. Sustaining Yemeni Capacities for Social Assistance: Lessons From a Decade of War. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2024.006.

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Yemen has sometimes been held up as an impressive example of how existing social protection systems and capacities can be maintained and supported even during a prolonged war. While providing support to meet immediate life-saving needs is the humanitarian priority in Yemen, aid organisations also want to ensure that recurrent emergency operations are delivered in a way that will support, and not undermine, national reconstruction and rehabilitation for a post-conflict Yemen. Through a literature review and interviews with Yemeni and international stakeholders conducted in 2022 and 2023, this study has interrogated that narrative, examining the evidence on what capacities are being supported, and what that means for the effective provision of assistance through a protracted crisis. It is important to acknowledge the enormous challenges all actors in Yemen must confront in trying to find ways to help people survive in the face of conflict and other shocks. Widespread conflict, insecurity, and contested governance have made providing assistance extremely hard. The huge scale of need has also necessitated one of the biggest aid operations in the world, creating incentives for control and diversion. In the face of these challenges, focusing on the two main social assistance operations in Yemen – the World Food Programme’s General Food Assistance Programme and the World Bank’s Unconditional Cash Transfer Programme (implemented by the United Nations Children’s Fund and the Social Fund for Development, with the Social Welfare Fund) – this study has found impressive achievements in getting assistance to people, and in maintaining and strengthening Yemeni organisational and individual capacities. However, while some capacities have been maintained and built, others have been relatively neglected (in particular, valuable capacities for community engagement and accountability, which are vital for achieving more inclusive and conflict-sensitive approaches), whereas others (around the highly politicised issues of targeting and transfer value) have been difficult to tackle. The study found that partnerships with Yemeni non-governmental organisations are narrowly subcontractual and limited to managing distribution, with only a small proportion of funding directly reaching national organisations. Overall, the process of providing external support for ‘capacity strengthening’ of national actors is somewhat opaque. More coordinated strategic efforts to support local capacities, informed by shared analysis and learning from past endeavours, could help improve future social assistance interventions.

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Bhowmik, Srishti, Anurag Mishra, Chandra Bhushan Singh, Sarmista Roy, and Vibha Singh. Malignant Transformation of Post-Nephrectomy Enterocutaneous Fistula: A Review of Literature. Science Repository, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ajscr.2024.02.01.

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Background: Enterocutaneous fistula is an aberrant epithelialized communication between the bowel and the skin occurring mostly as a complication of abdominal surgery. Enterocutaneous fistula may present as chronically discharging sinus and like any other chronic non healing wound, malignant transformation has rarely been reported in such gastrointestinal fistula. Herein we report an additional case of malignant transformation of enterocutaneous fistula leading to duodenal mass. Case Presentation: A 50-year diabetic gentleman presented with a persistent draining sinus from his surgical site of right nephrectomy for 6 months with friable growth over the sinus opening which sheds off spontaneously to reappear again after a period. Investigations showed duodenal growth communicating to the right renal fossa and further to the skin surface in the lumbar region. Exploratory laparotomy was performed where a circumferential mass was noted in the second part of duodenum with perforation in the posterior wall. The perforation was seen to communicate with skin via fistulous tract. Postoperative biopsy of duodenal mass confirmed it to be well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with transmural infiltration. Conclusion: When perirenal or retroperitoneal inflammation takes place, second part of the duodenum becomes involved and the absence of a protective peritoneal barrier between the two, along with the relative immobility of the duodenum, accounts for the internal drainage and fistula formation which occurs. Persistent enterocutaneous fistula after nephrectomy causes long standing pus discharge and malnourishment affecting the overall health of these patients. Chronic inflammation is known to be a risk factor for development of squamous cell carcinoma. Two previous cases of malignant transformation of post nephrectomy colocutaneous fistula have been reported. However, this case is unique as no prior reporting of malignant transformation of duodeno-cutaneous fistula was found in literature.

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