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1
Heise, Ursula K. "Globality, Difference, and the International Turn in Ecocriticism." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 3 (2013): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.3.636.
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Comparative literature has always pursued literary studies in a transnational framework. But for much of its history it has been a “modest intellectual enterprise, fundamentally limited to Western Europe, and mostly revolving around the river Rhine (German philologists working on French literature). Not much more,” as Franco Moretti pithily sums it up (54). The rise of postcolonial theory in the wake of Edward Said's and Gayatri Spivak's influential work vastly expanded comparatist horizons, as did the attention to minority literatures that spread outward from the study of American literature and culture in the 1990s. In 1993 Charles Bernheimer's report to the American Comparative Literature Association, “Comparative Literature at the Turn of the Century,” criticized the elitist and exclusionary tenor of earlier reports on the state of the discipline by Harry Levin (1965) and Tom Greene (1975). Instead, it emphasized “tendencies in literary studies, toward a multicultural, global, and interdisciplinary curriculum” and called for an expansion from comparative literature's traditional focus on a mostly western European and North American canon of works to a truly global conception of Goethean Weltliteratur, for inclusion of previously marginalized minority literatures from around the world, and for connections to media studies, other humanities disciplines, and the social sciences (47).
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DAMROSCH, DAVID. "Global Regionalism." European Review 15, no. 1 (2007): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000130.
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As the discipline of Comparative Literature expands beyond its traditional concentration on the literatures of a few European great powers, our expanded range of vision involves rethinking Europe itself as well as the larger global production of literature. Already in the 19th century, comparatists were deeply engaged in sorting out relations between major powers and minor literatures, as can be seen in the ambitious early journal Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum, edited in the 1870s by the Transylvanian comparatist Hugo Meltzl. This article discusses Meltzl's journal and its struggles against the great-power cosmopolitanism represented by Meltzl's rival, the German comparatist Max Koch. As an illustration of the importance of trans-national perspectives in understanding European identity, the article concludes with a discussion of the recording of pagan myth in medieval Iceland.
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Lubrich, Oliver. "Comparative Literature – in, from and beyond Germany." Comparative Critical Studies 3, no. 1-2 (2006): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2006.3.1-2.47.
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Lubrich, Oliver. "Comparative Literature -- in, from and beyond Germany." Comparative Critical Studies 3, no. 1 (2006): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ccs.2006.0012.
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Nagavajara, Chetana. "Kurt Wais :A Centenary Appraisal." MANUSYA 9, no. 3 (2006): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00903001.
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Kurt Wais ( 1907-1995) would be 100 years old on 9 January 2007. He was Professor of Romance Philology and Comparative Literature at Tübingen University until his retirement in 1975. His immense erudition spanning several literatures and epochs equipped him well for pioneering work in Comparative Literature, of which he was the leading authority in Germany. Drawing on his "Nachlass" (private papers) now deposited with the renowned German Literature Archive in Marbach/Neckar, the author, a pupil of Kurt Wais, demonstrates how the precocious scholar, who had won international recognition at the age of 31 with his authoritative book on Stéphane Mallarmé, developed into a versatile researcher, a dedicated teacher and a trustworthy colleague. But this is far from a merely personal success story, for the achievements of Kurt Wais bear testimony to the strengths of German and European academic tradition. What Kun Wais described as his "life's work", a monumental comparative study of Europe's early medieval epics, occupied him until his death, with only one volume published, while the remaining 9 volumes, though still in manuscript form, might provide intimations of Europe as a cohesive entity, predating the dreams of the architects of the EU by almost a thousand years.
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Paddock, Mary, and Cyril Edwards. "The Beginnings of German Literature. Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Old High German." German Studies Review 26, no. 2 (2003): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1433333.
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Calomino, Salvatore, and Cyril Edwards. "The Beginnings of German Literature: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Old High German." German Quarterly 76, no. 4 (2003): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3252249.
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Murdoch, Brian, and Cyril Edwards. "The Beginnings of German Literature: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Old High German." Modern Language Review 99, no. 1 (2004): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3738945.
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Kocka, Jürgen. "Comparative Historical Research: German Examples." International Review of Social History 38, no. 3 (1993): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112131.
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Systematic comparison was alien to the historicist paradigm which dominated historical research and literature in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly in Germany. Anyone aiming to reconstruct historical phenomena as individual events, study them under the aspect of ”development” and understand them in their context would not be interested in systematic identification of similarities and differences or in their explanation. Narrative and comparison were and are opposites. Without conceptual explanation and theoretical input, historical comparison is not possible. Because German historians were strongly influenced by the historicist paradigm until well into the second third of the twentieth century, systematic comparison did not play a major role in their work. In essence it was left to important outsiders like Otto Hintze and historically oriented sociologists like Max Weber.
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R, Manikannan. "Folktales of Tamil Nadu and the Grimm brothers’ folktales - A comparison." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 4 (2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2046.
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Efforts to assess tamil culture on a global scale have been made through classical literature. More new information and results will be revealed when we evaluate the original oral works on the global platform than the classical classics that have the elements of verbal literature. Although tamil comparative studies have been carried out in a wide range of different types and versatile languages, the fields of comparative research in ancient languages like Tamil are emerging. The stories in the Tamil nadu folk lore published by Dr. Ramanathan and the folklore of The German and Ireland published by the Grim brothers have been comparatively studied.
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Grotans, Anna. "The Beginnings of German Literature: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Old High German. Cyril Edwards." Speculum 82, no. 2 (2007): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0038713400009544.
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Meltzer, Françoise. "What is Wrong with National Literature Departments?" European Review 17, no. 1 (2009): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798709000635.
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This article asks what is wrong with national literature departments. Traditional literature departments, even with various politically conscious additions – women writers, authors of colour, postcolonial conditions, linguistic minorities, queer theory – assume by their very structure a romantic notion of the nation state, of borders and of linguistics as a major aspect of national identity and canonicity. The article considers the early German Romantics to see how they understood the twinning of nation and culture, and how this is baggage that Western universities still carry, even as they try to open themselves to other cultures. ‘Frühromantiker’ such as Friedrich Schlegel, A.W. Schlegel, Novalis and Fichte (along with Chateaubriand) idealize the Middle Ages as a time of great unity in Europe, and understand nationhood to have a divine aspect. Recently, the idea of the university and of national literature departments is being fundamentally rethought. Said, Bernheimer, Moebius, Reading, Foucault, Spivak, Bauman – to name just a few – have all worried about the place of literature in the light of globalisation, the dominance of Europe in literature departments, and the place of minority discourses. The article suggests that Comparative Literature may be the hope for the future in literary studies, because it is a field that by definition combines linguistic, cultural and political perspectives in its approach to texts. At the same time, however, comparative literature has traditionally been dominated by Eurocentrism, which has been the source of much criticism. Should the dominant languages of Europe be set aside to make room for the less known, less powerful ones? The article sees the European project of community as a source of hope, analogous to comparative literature, in facing both the challenge and cultural wealth of diversity.
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Nikołajewicz Wiesiełowski, Aleksandr. "On the Method and Tasks of the History of Literature as a Science." Tekstualia 3, no. 54 (2019): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3436.
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Aleksander Wiesiełowski article On the Method and Tasks of the History of Literature as a Science is based on his lecture that inaugurated his class in world literature at the University of Petersburg in 1870, which marks the beginning of the Russian scholar’s affi liation with that university. Problematizing the understanding of world literature and the methods of its study at German and French universities, Wiesiełowski describes the usefulness of the comparative method in the historical study of literature. He assumes that broad generalizations are possible and emphasizes the applicability of the comparative method across disciplines.
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Zlotnik-Shagina, Olha. "LEONID RUDNITSKY IS A RESEARCHER OF I. FRANKO`S WORKS." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 35 (2019): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.144-149.
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The article deals with the system of views of the famous researcher of German and Slavs literature L. Rudnitsky. The author conducts studies with a focus on neo-views of authoritative international scholars in the context of comparative literature, with an examination of monographic studies of Rudnitsky on Ivan Franko’s work – the famous Ukrainian critic, ethnographer, literary critic, man of letters. L. Rudnitsky’s focus is on Franko as on the translator and popularizer of the works of German and Western literature, in particular, Lessing, Schiller, Goethe, etc. The author pays special attention to the contact- genetic and comparative-typological relations with the German language and literature. The contextual links of language and literature with the art of that time, which is considered in the context of the world cultural space are also described. In Rudnitsky’s monographs Ivan Franko and the German-speaking world: the importance of the environment for the poet’s creativity and the German language and literature in the works of Ivan Franko, the concept of the research space of the French translator at that time is observed. In confirmation of the importance of Rudnitsky’s work, the author uses the views of diaspora literary critics, such as I. Denisyuk, I. Kachurovsky, etc., who noted the work as a significant contribution and breakthrough in the study of the work of the outstanding Ukrainian artist I. Franko in the context of his translation activities. Through citational intertextuality, the author proves the contribution of Rudnitsky in the analysis of the works of Franco in a new generally-European perspective. The author emphasizes the deep meaningfulness of L. Rudnitsky’s translations conducted by I. Franko from the oldest German written notes, emphasizes the skill of the Camener in the transfer of the features of the old German language. We also see a comparative aspect in literary studies, which is dominant in our approach to the study of Franco’s translation activity. Valuable in research observations of L. Rudnitsky about Franco as a translator and popularizer of the works of German literature is his desire to expand the “German-speaking world”, which is confirmed by our in-depth analysis of the works of Rudnitsky and authoritative reviews on them. It is proved that for many years there was created an original concept of the study of German literature through the works of L. Rudnitsky – American talented literary critic of Ukrainian origin.
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Glass, Erlis, Uwe Faulhaber, Jerry Glenn, Edward P. Harris, and Hans-Georg Richert. "Exile and Enlightenment: Studies in German and Comparative Literature in Honor of Guy Stern." German Quarterly 62, no. 3 (1989): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/406180.
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Finney, Gail. "Of Walls and Windows: What German Studies and Comparative Literature Can Offer Each Other." Comparative Literature 49, no. 3 (1997): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1771280.
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Critchfield, Richard, Uwe Faulhaber, Jerry Glenn, Edward P. Harris, and Hans-Georg Richert. "Exile and Enlightenment: Studies in German and Comparative Literature in Honor of Guy Stern." South Atlantic Review 54, no. 3 (1989): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3200192.
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Critchfield, Richard, Uwe Faulhaber, Jerry Glenn, Edward P. Harris, and Hans-Georg Richert. "Exile and Enlightenment: Studies in German and Comparative Literature in Honor of Guy Stern." German Studies Review 11, no. 1 (1988): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1430867.
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Junkiert, Maciej. "Ancient Revolutions in the Literature of Polish Romanticism." Comparative Critical Studies 15, no. 2 (2018): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2018.0289.
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This article aims to examine the Polish literary reception of the French Revolution during the period of Romanticism. Its main focus is on how Polish writers displaced their more immediate experiences of revolutionary events onto a backdrop of ‘ancient revolutions’, in which revolution was described indirectly by drawing on classical traditions, particularly the history of ancient Greeks and Romans. As this classical tradition was mediated by key works of German and French thinkers, this European context is crucial for understanding the literary strategies adopted by Polish authors. Three main approaches are visible in the Polish reception, and I will illustrate them using the works of Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859), Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) and Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883). My comparative study will be restricted to four works: Krasiński's Irydion and Przedświt (Predawn), Słowacki's Agezylausz (Agesilaus) and Norwid's Quidam.
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Oruc, Firat. "Rewriting the Legacy of the Turkish Exile of Comparative Literature." Journal of World Literature 3, no. 3 (2018): 334–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00303007.
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Abstract Numerous critics have revisited the Turkish exile of “the founding fathers” of humanist philology, Erich Auerbach and Leo Spitzer, in the period between the rise of Nazism in Germany and the end of World War II. Yet these recuperative analyses have been centered on the role of the experience of cultural displacement in the intellectual transformation of the émigré scholars. By contrast, this article offers a critical analysis of how the Turkish end of humanism (especially in the case of Auerbach and Spitzer’s students) was entangled with the politics of Kemalist cultural reforms. If comparative literature was “invented” during the Istanbul exile of Spitzer and Auerbach, this article re-writes this invention process by highlighting the semantic and ideological inflections it took in the hands of the Turkish humanists.
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Lamm, Mariya A. "The development of Belarusian literature in a multicultural context." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2020): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.1-2.6.04.
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Sinkova L. D. Between text and discourse: Russian literature of the XX-XXI century: history, comparative studies and criticism (lit. - crit. articles, conversations). - Minsk: Parkus plus, 2013. - 296 P. The main characteristics of the Belarusian literature development in the contest of 20th-21th century are demonstrated throughout the review. The key patterns of the poetics progression in Belarusian literature are revealed, alongside with the most noticeable algorithms of the national aesthetics establishment and the specifics of mythopoetic perception. Meaningful characteristics of Belarusian literature during Soviet period are examined particularly, especially the literature about Second World War. The national aspects of literary comprehension of the experience of German-fascist occupation in Belarusian literature during Soviet period are revealed. The important characteristic of the modern Belarusian literature after the Chernobyl disaster that has started in 1986, is emphasized upon.
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Каримова, Римма Хатиповна, and Галина Витальевна Мишина. "ADULTERY IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY RUSSIAN AND GERMAN LITERATURE." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 5(211) (September 7, 2020): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2020-5-155-163.
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Введение. Дана характеристика меняющихся представлений о семье и роли женщины в общественном сознании конца XIX в. Цель статьи – исследовать отражение процесса женской эмансипации в русском и немецком обществе конца XIX в. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования стали романы Л. Н. Толстого «Анна Каренина» и Т. Фонтане «Эффи Брист». В исследовании используются аналитико-описательный, сравнительно-сопоставительный и культурно-исторический методы. Результаты и обсуждение. В последней четверти XIX в. в европейском и российском обществе обозначился кризис института семьи. Глобальные историко-политические, социально-экономические и идеологические изменения сказались на представлениях о роли и месте женщины. Проблема женской эмансипации активно представлена в творчестве европейских и русских писателей указанного периода. Лев Толстой в романе «Анна Каренина» дает критическую оценку состоянию «семейного вопроса». Писатель указывает на дискредитацию традиционных представлений о браке в обществе московского и петербургского дворянства, разоблачает лицемерие людей света, порочных во всех сферах жизни (служебных, родственных, экономических), но ратующих за соблюдение приличий. В «Анне Карениной» показано, насколько неравноправны общественные гендерные роли. Героиня романа оказалась отверженной не из-за адюльтера, а по причине стремления жить прямолинейно. Конфликт эмансипированной личности и закостенелого общества становится двигателем сюжета и в романе немецкого писателя Т. Фонтане «Эффи Брист». Нами обнаружено совпадение ключевых черт личности героинь Т. Фонтане и Л. Н. Толстого. Объединяющим качеством является честолюбие, основанное на нераскрытом эмоциональном потенциале женщины из дворянской среды. Если социальной причиной трагедии Анны Карениной в романе Толстого становится лицемерие высшего общества, то катастрофа Эффи Брист связана, по мысли Фонтане, с ложным представлением о чести в немецком аристократическом обществе. Сходные черты наблюдаются и в мужских образах произведений. Однако отмечено нравственное превосходство Каренина над Инштеттеном, что также может быть объяснено спецификой менталитета. Заключение. Сопоставительный анализ произведений Л. Н. Толстого и Т. Фонтане позволяет сделать вывод о совпадении воссозданной социально-психологической ситуации и эмоциональных реакций героев на схожие коллизии без доказанного взаимовлияния текстов. Развивающаяся женская эмансипация изображается в обоих произведениях как сложный и драматичный процесс, свидетельствующий о кризисе эпохи. Introduction. The article describes the changes in ideas on the family and the role of woman in public consciousness at the end of the nineteenth century. The aim and objectives. The aim of this work is to study the reflection of female emancipation process in Russian and German society at the end of the nineteenth century. Material and methods. The material for research is the novel by L. N. Tolstoy “Anna Karenina” and the novel by Th. Fontane “Effi Briest”. The analytical and descriptive, comparative, cultural and historical methods are used in this work. Results and discussion. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, European and Russian society faced the crisis of the family institution. The global historical, political, socioeconomic and ideological changes had their influence on the understanding of the role and place of women. The problem of women emancipation is widely represented in the works of the European and Russian writers of the given period. L. N. Tolstoy in the novel “Anna Karenina” gives a critical eye to the state of the “family matter”. The writer indicates the discredit of the traditional ideas on marriage in the society of Moscow’s and Petersburg’s nobility. L. N. Tolstoy exposes the hypocrisy of nobles, vicious in all spheres of life (official, family, economical spheres) but advocating for decency. In “Anna Karenina” we see how inequitable social gender roles are. The heroine of the novel was rejected not due to the adultery, but because of the aspiration to live openly. The conflict of the emancipated person against the ossified society becomes a plot engine in “Effi Briest” novel by the German writer. We found the coincidence of the key personality traits of the Th. Fontane and L. N. Tolstoy protagonists. The unifying quality is the ambition, based on the undisclosed emotional potential of a woman from noble society. If the social ground of Anna Karenina’s tragedy in the Tolstoy novel is the hypocrisy of the high society, the Effi Briest catastrophe is due to (in Fontane’s opinion) misconception of honour in the German noble society. Similar features are found in the male characters of the novels. However, there is a moral superiority of Karenin over Instetten that can be explained by peculiarities of the mentality. Conclusion. The comparative analysis of L. N. Tolstoy’s and Th. Fontane’s works allows us to conclude that there is coincidence of the created social and psychological situation and the characters’ emotional reactions to similar collisions without proven interference of the texts. In both works, developing women’s emancipation is portrayed as a complicated and dramatic process, which testifies to the epoch’s crisis.
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NICHOLSON, RASHNA DARIUS. "From India to India: The Performative Unworlding of Literature." Theatre Research International 42, no. 1 (2017): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883317000037.
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World literature has recently been critiqued for its normative, world-making force and, not unrelatedly, for its genealogical ties to orientalism. This article shifts the focus in world literature from the ‘world’ to the ‘literature’ by suggesting that within a nexus of politics, religion and knowledge production, the stylistic requirements of literature were fundamental to the reification of numerous performative modes that were not predicated exclusively on language's semantic dimensions. Literature, as a ‘vanishing mediator’, thus enabled not only translations but also comparative valuations – philological, mythological and racial – of entire cultures in an unethical epistemological encounter. Through the examination of the circuitous route of the Sāvitrī myth, which was translated from Sanskrit into Italian, English, French and German as ‘dramatic literature’, and finally to Gujarati as a play for theatrical production, this article uncovers performance's potential to problematize the figuring of text as world-encompassing entity.
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Венгринович, Наталія, and Андрій Венгринович. "Vasyl Stefanyk and the German Literature (on the question of typology of translations and original short story heritage of the Ukrainian writer)." Sultanivski Chytannia, no. 10 (May 31, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/sch.2021.10.15-24.
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Aim. The idea of the article stems from an insufficient number of scientific investigations that would help to better understand the creative engagement in the German literature of the young Ukrainian master of narrative V. Stefanyk, who had a deep understanding of the problem of mutual enrichment of aesthetic perception by means of translation as one of important aspects of literary relations. He himself creatively perceived other writers’ achievements, thus placing the Ukrainian literature on an adequate pan-European spiritual level. The purpose of this research is to supplement the existing explorations with the studies of German parallels in V. Stefanyk’s creative work. Methods. For comparative analysis, a number of scientific research methods have been applied, such as the historical-literary, typological and biographical approaches. Results. For translation, a translator usually selects those creative works that are closest to him, that correspond to his aesthetic preferences, and are consonant with the author’s mood. Though V. Stefanyk’s German-language literature translation heritage is scarce, it nevertheless witnesses the Ukrainian short-story writer’s awareness of the world literary process, his constant search for creative works close to his own literary sentiments, in particular works on peasant topics, which raise complex moral and social issues. Therefore, his translation activity, though indirectly, contributed to the development of creative literary manner and original unique writing style. Scientific novelty. By means of comparative juxtaposition, the authors analyze the comparative-typological features in creative works of V. Stefanyk and some selected representatives of the German-language literature. Practical significance. Key outcomes of the research can be applied in further investigation of the common motives in short stories and their translations.
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Katz, Harry C. "The Decentralization of Collective Bargaining: A Literature Review and Comparative Analysis." ILR Review 47, no. 1 (1993): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399304700101.
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The author reviews evidence that the bargaining structure is becoming more decentralized in Sweden, Australia, the former West Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States, although in somewhat different degrees and ways from country to country. He then examines the various hypotheses that have been offered to explain this significant trend. Shifts in bargaining power, as well as the diversification of corporate and worker interests, have played a part in this change, he concludes, but work reorganization has been more influential still. He also explores how the roles of central unions and corporate industrial relations staffs are challenged by bargaining structure decentralization, and discusses the research gaps on this subject that need to be filled.
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Göttsche, Dirk. "Post-imperialism, postcolonialism and beyond: Towards a periodization of cultural discourse about colonial legacies." Journal of European Studies 47, no. 2 (2017): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244117700070.
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Taking German history and culture as a starting point, this essay suggests a historical approach to reconceptualizing different forms of literary engagement with colonial discourse, colonial legacies and (post)colonial memory in the context of Comparative Postcolonial Studies. The deliberate blending of a historical, a conceptual and a political understanding of the ‘postcolonial’ in postcolonial scholarship raises problems of periodization and historical terminology when, for example, anti-colonial discourse from the colonial period or colonialist discourse in Weimar Germany are labelled ‘postcolonial’. The colonial revisionism of Germany’s interwar period is more usefully classed as post-imperial, as are particular strands of retrospective engagement with colonial history and legacy in British, French and other European literatures and cultures after 1945. At the same time, some recent developments in Francophone, Anglophone and German literature, e.g. Afropolitan writing, move beyond defining features of postcolonial discourse and raise the question of the post-postcolonial.
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Cockerill, Antje. "A comparative analysis of marketing management in British and Germanuniversity libraries: the results." Library and Information Research 21, no. 67 (2013): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg378.
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This research was originally introduced in this publication in 1994 (issue 61). It focused on a comparison of marketing management in British and German university libraries in the context of their respective environments.
 The project consisted of an extensive literature review of all aspects of marketing management, which served as a framework for a set of interviews with library managers in both countries. Ultimately, 23 in-depth interviews with senior managers in both countries were conducted.
 The most prominent result of this research was that the differences in the practice of marketing management in British and German university libraries were not nearly as great as the literature review suggested, particularly when the differing environmental conditions were taken into
 account. One of the more surprising aspects in this context was the extent to which east German libraries had caught up with their west German and British counterparts. Although they have to work under very difficult conditions as far as buildings and provision of space are concerned, they achieve
 performance standards which are comparable with western libraries.
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Sriwarakan, Siriporn. "Can Children Emancipate Themselves from Adults?: Children’s Worlds in Contemporary German and Thai Children’s Literature." MANUSYA 11, no. 3 (2008): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01103004.
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This paper aims to make a comparative analysis of contemporary German and Thai children’s literature in terms of children’s worlds. The result of the study shows that a number of German children’s literary works present children as the “partners of adults.” This results from a perspective towards German children that they are people who have the same rights as an adult. In other words, they respect the children. Adults allow children to express their opinions freely or to make decisions on their own. By contrast, Thai children are normally socialized to differ from adults. The reason lies in the belief that a child is someone who is a “subordinate.” Children are expected to pay respect to adults and obey to their orders, responds to the expectations for children in the context of Thai society and culture.
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Franek, Ladislav. "L’essence éthique du dialogue culturel." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (2020): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.3.
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The ethical essence of cultural dialogue. The definition of comparative literary studies in Slovakia. Historical poetics in the works of D. Ďurišin, focused on the typological essence of literary phenomena on the basis of interrelating theoretical and developmental aspects of national literature. The differences of Slovak methodology from Western positivist models of the study of interliterariness. Parallel existence of the principles of literary history and criticism in the reception analyses of Russian, German and French literatures by older Slovak scholars. The onset of realism in Slovak literature at the end of the 19th century (S. Hurban Vajanský). The important contribution of J. Felix’s critical reflection of universalist tendencies in European and esp. modern French writing. The complexity of organically incorporating these impulses into the context of Slovak literature as a result of the provincial character of a “small” nation. The wealth of translations from contemporary world literatures and its positive impact on the work of many Slovak writers in spite of the discontinuity of research in this area after 1989. Urgent need to return to similar forms of literary-cultural reflection and self-reflection through reviving an intensive philological, linguistic, theoretical-critical and historical study at our universities.
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Franek, Ladislav. "L’essence éthique du dialogue culturel." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (2020): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
The ethical essence of cultural dialogue. The definition of comparative literary studies in Slovakia. Historical poetics in the works of D. Ďurišin, focused on the typological essence of literary phenomena on the basis of interrelating theoretical and developmental aspects of national literature. The differences of Slovak methodology from Western positivist models of the study of interliterariness. Parallel existence of the principles of literary history and criticism in the reception analyses of Russian, German and French literatures by older Slovak scholars. The onset of realism in Slovak literature at the end of the 19th century (S. Hurban Vajanský). The important contribution of J. Felix’s critical reflection of universalist tendencies in European and esp. modern French writing. The complexity of organically incorporating these impulses into the context of Slovak literature as a result of the provincial character of a “small” nation. The wealth of translations from contemporary world literatures and its positive impact on the work of many Slovak writers in spite of the discontinuity of research in this area after 1989. Urgent need to return to similar forms of literary-cultural reflection and self-reflection through reviving an intensive philological, linguistic, theoretical-critical and historical study at our universities.
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Feraboli, Omar. "Postgraduate Supervision in the United Kingdom and Germany: A Comparative Study of Factors Influencing the Supervisory Relationship." Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice 6, no. 2 (2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v6i2.306.
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This paper aims to examine and assess the approaches to postgraduate supervision in the United Kingdom (UK) and in Germany; the factors determining the differences between the two approaches and investigating their impact on the PhD supervision relationship. I combine personal reflections and experiences with the existing literature and with indices of performance and level of internationalisation of British and German universities. I examine several aspects and factors that affect the academic environment and hence determine differences across the British and German university systems, which are finally reflected in the approaches to postgraduate supervision.
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Haas, Yvonne. "Developing a generic retail business model – a qualitative comparative study." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 10 (2019): 1029–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-10-2018-0234.
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Purpose Global trends like digitalization and verticalization increase the complexity within the retail industry and decrease the explanatory power of prevailing retail concepts. This paper responds to the call for new ways of understanding retailers’ business activities. The purpose of this paper is to structure and stimulate the emerging conceptual debate about retail business models (RBM) by developing a literature-based and empirically-substantiated generic retail business model framework (generic RBM). Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a systematic literature review and a qualitative study with 16 expert interviews in the German retail industry. Findings The paper identifies six core elements and respective sub-elements of a generic RBM. Contrasting the literature with empirical data, it confirms some common elements (e.g. “value proposition”) but invalidates others (e.g. “organization” or “governance”). The empirical findings add retail specifics like “horizontal integration,” “vertical integration” and “partners and networks” as core elements of a generic RBM. Originality/value The paper is the first to develop a generic RBM based on a systematic literature review and an empirical study across retailers. The resulting generic RBM can be used as a retail concept for systemizing and typifying the appearances of retailers in retailing theory. It can also be used for building, analyzing and comparing RBMs in retailing practice. The paper further provides a guideline for generic business model design with a hybrid approach based on literature and qualitative data.
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Kuznetsova, T. N., and E. R. Mikhaylova. "WORKS OF F. SCHILLER IN THE CHUVASH LITERATURE: FEATURES OF TRANSLATION INTO CHUVASH LANGUAGE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 6 (2019): 982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-6-982-985.
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The article is devoted to the features of translation of German poetry into the Chuvash language. Using the example of F. Schiller’s ballad “Der Handschuh” (“Glove”) and its translation into Chuvash, performed by the Chuvash poet S. Shavly, a comparative analysis of the translation and the original is carried out, and the quality of the translation of the work is determined. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the translation of F. Schiller’s poem “Der Handschuh” into the Chuvash language, consideration of the linguistic features of the poetry translation. When translating a work, different types of lexical and grammatical transformations are used: omission of lexical units, transliteration, lexical addition, replacement of parts of speech, generalization, etc., which helped to reveal the content of the work and preserve the structure of the poetic work in the target language. S. Shavly made the German work accessible to the Chuvash audience, using the words and expressions most often found in colloquial speech of his native language.
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Giles, Paul. "American Literature in English Translation: Denise Levertov and Others." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 1 (2004): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081204x22864.
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The theory of exile as a form of intellectual empowerment strongly influenced writers of the Romantic and modernist periods, when major figures from Byron to James Joyce and Samuel Beckett sought to take advantage of a dissociation from native customs to embrace the authenticity of their art. More recently, however, displacement from indigenous cultures has become such a commonplace that it appears difficult to credit the process of migration with any special qualities of critical insight. Nevertheless, literary scholarship remains to some degree in the shadow of the idealization of “exiles and émigrés” that ran through the twentieth century. Edward Said, a Palestinian in the United States, consistently linked his “politics of knowledge” with a principled alienation from “corporations of possession, appropriation, and power,” while looking back to the exiled German scholar of comparative literature Erich Auerbach as a model for transcending “the restraints of imperial or national or provincial limits” (Culture 335). Julia Kristeva, a Bulgarian in France, associated a similar perspective of estrangement with Christian narratives of exile and purification, along with their negative correlatives, psychological traumas of disinheritance and depression; but she also attributed to the foreign writer a levitating condition of “weightlessness”: “since he belongs to nothing the foreigner can feel as appertaining to everything, to the entire tradition” (32).
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Pajević, Marko. "For a Reappreciation of the Literary in Literary Studies: Poetic Thinking." Interlitteraria 25, no. 1 (2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.1.2.
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As a literary scholar based in German Studies outside of Germany, I am confronted with German being considered a minor subject matter. There are evidently clear differences between the German departments within German-speaking countries and abroad. The latter are shrinking considerably almost everywhere and need to focus on few aspects, often related to historical issues and some general successful movements, such as gender or postcolonialism. In Germany, there seems to be a preoccupation with didactics and media.
 But since I consider these symptoms part of a wider issue, I prefer making some more general observations. World literature is – at least in the dominant anglophone cultures – increasingly identified with English language literature. Comparative literature programmes mostly work with translations as if those were original literary texts which – roughly speaking – reduces literature to its plot and, possibly, its structure. This is also reflected in the tendency in literary studies to be oblivious of the poetic approach.
 Philologies are often subservient to outer goals (history, sociology, psychology), and, in their efforts to justify their existence in the eyes of the market economy, they believe they cannot afford to deal with the core of what litera ture is about, the literary. In my view, this is one of the reasons for the difficulties of the philologies and possibly Humanities altogether. Literary studies, despite the various enriching overlaps with various other disciplines, should not forget this specificity, which I call poetics, the interaction of the form of language and the form of life. By making a strong case for the relevance of an understanding of what language is and does – and literature is the privileged field of observation – philologies would be of obvious importance for society as a whole.
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Zelenka, Miloš. "The comparative context and methodology of literary history in Hanuš Jelínek’s Histoire de la littérature tchèque." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 61, no. 1-2 (2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amnpsc-2017-0013.
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Abstract The paper evaluates the importance of the French-written Histoire de la littérature tchèque I–III [The History of Czech Literature] (1930–1935) by Hanuš Jelínek (1878–1944), a leading expert and authority on French–Czech cultural relations. His synthetic work destined for French readers and completed outside the modern methodological context of the 1930s draws on Ernest Denis’ concept of Czech literary development as the ‘literature of struggle’ against the German element, while its composition is inspired by Arne Novák’s history written in German, and his expository method follows in the footsteps of his mentor Jaroslav Vlček. Therefore, Jelínek conceives literary development as a continual motion of ideas within an aesthetic form, as a subject-stratified, multi-layered story unified by the central outlook enabling him on the one hand to emphasise the nationally defensive aspect of Czech literature, and, on the other hand, to present it through parallels and illustrative examples within the European perspective. Jelínek’s Histoire, supplemented with a number of his own translations of Czech authors, is a particular narrative–historical genre – the epitome of the young Czech nation’s cultural policy and an archetype of cordial relations between the Czechoslovak and French cultures.
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MYKHALCHUK, Tetiana. "Biblical Allusions in Expressionist Poetry in the Context of Austrian, German, and Ukrainian Literature: A Comparative Analysis." Theological Reflections: Euro-Asian Journal of Theology, no. 16 (May 26, 2016): 206–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29357/issn.2521-179x.2016.16.206.
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Fischer-Lichte, Erika. "Introduction: From Comparative Arts to Interart Studies." Paragrana 25, no. 2 (2016): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/para-2016-0026.
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AbstractThe essays assembled in this volume were initially presented at the concluding conference of the International Doctoral School “InterArt Studies” held at the Freie Universität Berlin from June 25-27, 2015. The school bore the label “international” not just because its students hailed from five different continents. Rather, it was called that because it was born out of the collaboration with the Copenhagen Doctoral School in Cultural Studies, Literature and the Arts, later joined by the Doctoral School of Goldsmiths College, London, and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at Columbia University, New York. During these nine years (2006-2015) of research, it was generously funded by the German Research Council.
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Kudryavtseva, Tamara V. "Early Works of A.M. Gorky: Translations, Publications, Interpretations." Studia Litterarum 6, no. 3 (2021): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2021-6-3-116-133.
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Within the framework of comparative, contextual, and receptive analysis, this article examines the specificity of the early Gorky’s German reception (1900–1910). The article is an attempt to explain Gorky’s rapid entry into the Germanophone cultural space taking into consideration the problematics of Gorky’s early work and its specific implementation on the one hand and the specificity of the literary process in Germany in these years on the other. The article also takes into account editorial policies and practices as well as the overall political and literary orientation of the press and publishers. Some examples show the impact of Gorky’s work on the literary practice of German writers (R. Huch, G. Hauptmann, F. Wolf, etc.). The article reveals typical patterns of reception when German writers, translators, literary critics and, researchers of that time turn to Gorky’s work.
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Estarami, Ebrahim. "A Comparative Study of Sadegh Hedayat’s The Blind Owl in the Light of the German Theory of Novella." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 4 (2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.4p.98.
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Using the novella as the European literary genre has divided the Iranian literary scholars due mostly to its unknown features. Lack of research in this area has caused many writers either to abandon this literary term or to opt for alternatives such as “novelette”,” long story”, “long short story” or “short story”. This article aims to introduce the theory and characteristics of the novella as a unique literary genre, based on German literature. Despite the Italian root of the novella, it reflects its Germanic roots as it was flourished in the 18th and 19th centuries Germany. In addition, the paper explores the concept of “long story” in Iranian literature as the synonym of the term novella. The Blind Owl clearly exhibits these characteristics of the genre, especially the dramatic structure and representing a new aspect of human trait. The analysis of The Blind Owl leads to a deeper understanding of one of the most important and well-formed European literary genres and a new look at Sadegh Hedayat’s ideology as a professional author in addition to familiarizing scholars with this genre.
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Camfferman, Kees, and Dominic Detzen. "“Forging accounting principles” in France, Germany, Japan, and China: A comparative review." Accounting History 23, no. 4 (2018): 448–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373218763945.
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This article surveys the English-language literature on the history of financial reporting regulation in four non-English-speaking countries: France, Germany, Japan, and China. The choice of these countries was based on the availability of a sizable accounting history literature in the area surveyed. We first offer a summary of regulatory events in the four countries and suggest that the literature provides ample evidence of the countries’ intricate histories of financial reporting regulation. In addition, we point to important research gaps, where we believe that the literature has significant underexploited potential, in particular by moving beyond high-level overviews of changing regulatory mechanisms to in-depth studies of regulatory change that are embedded in the local legal, political, and societal contexts. Hence, plenty of opportunities exist for further research into these countries’ regulatory histories, either in terms of single-country studies or as comparative histories.
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Nitsche, Natalie, and Karl Ulrich Mayer. "Subjective Perceptions of Employment Mobility: A Comparison of East and West Germany." Comparative Sociology 12, no. 2 (2013): 184–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341260.
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Abstract There is an ongoing debate over whether the stability of working lives in Germany has declined in recent decades. In this piece, we contribute to the literature by arguing that subjective mobility perceptions, hence individuals’ self-reported mobility desires and experiences, should receive more attention in the debate. While it is, for example, well known that German reunification affected worklife mobility of East Germans through high unemployment and firm mobility, little is known about subjective mobility desires, specifically in an East-West German comparative perspective. Using a retrospective cross-sectional data set from 2005, we therefore investigate East-West German differences in retrospective and future mobility desires and subjectively reported mobility experiences and expectations. We also examine if there is evidence for East-West German differences in voluntary versus involuntary employment mobility. Our findings indeed show that retrospectively reported desires for stable working lives are more prevalent among East Germans. In addition, we find suggestive evidence for elevated levels of undesired firm mobility and employment interruptions among East Germans born between 1945 and 1965, and for increases in undesired employment interruptions and firm mobility among younger West German but not East German men. These latter results serve as suggestive evidence for future hypothesis building only, since our data does not provide information on the desirability of specific mobility events but on cumulative experiences and retrospective mobility desires only.
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Trnka, Jamie H. "Genre and Geoculture." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 44, no. 2 (2019): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2019-0019.
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Abstract Enzensberger’s sustained engagement with Latin American thinkers and literary forms was central to his attempts to shift the parameters of West German debates on literature and politics in the 1960 s. Attention to Latin American exchanges and influences challenges simplistic criticisms of his Eurocentrism and demonstrates how the novel cultural constellations that underlie Enzensberger’s genre innovation engender productive inroads into transatlantic comparative projects.
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Werner, Meike G. "Vom Annex zum Atelier." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 44, no. 2 (2019): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2019-0018.
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Abstract In 1960, two competing anthologies of modern poetry were published in an attempt to renew and internationalize German poetry: Günther Steinbrinker’s Panorama moderner Lyrik and Hans Magnus Enzensberger’s Museum der modernen Poesie. This essay argues that the success of Museum over Panorama was based on Enzensberger’s comparative approach to modernist poetry in the first half of the twentieth century as a “chrestomathy” (a textbook) for a “world language of poetry”. This chrestomathy also provided the blueprint for his own German-language poems, which he published the same year in a collection titled Landessprache.
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Lorenzen, Malte. "Die Zeitschrift als Medium des Vergleich(en)s." Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 45, no. 1 (2020): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iasl-2020-0011.
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AbstractMagazines bring together heterogeneous texts – texts various in content, genre, and authorship. This affects the ways magazines produce knowledge. They not only accumulate individual articles but in doing so also offer the possibility to compare between the articles. Using examples from German World War I magazines, this paper demonstrates the comparative epistemological potential of the magazine.
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Granier, Bruno, and Philippe Lapointe. "The KALKOWSKY Project - Chapter I. Ooid - stromatoid relationship in a stromatolite from the Maiz Gordo Fm (Argentina)." Carnets de géologie (Notebooks on geology) 21, no. 9 (2021): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/carnets.2021.2109.
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The comparative study of oolites and stromatolites demonstrates striking similarities between KALKOWSKY's German Triassic material (drawn from the scientific literature) and our Argentinian Paleogene material. However, the latter better illustrates that ooids and stromatoids, hence oolites and stromatolites, which share the same dual (i.e., organic and mineral) nature, are merely the end-members of a continuum of microbial carbonate structures.
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Canaj, Kimete. "PHRASEOLOGIES WITH ANIMAL NAMES IN ALBANIAN, GERMAN AND ENGLISH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 34 (2021): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.34.2021.14.
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Phraseologies with animal names in Albanian, German and English: A comparative study. The paper takes a comparative approach in discussing selected phraseologies with animal names in Albanian, German and English. The point of departure is a collection of 48 random Albanian lexemes and their counterparts in the other two languages. Phraseologies, Metaphor and Translation have a hidden relationship with one another until we explore the linguistic and conceptual roots of these words. To carry something across, and in the case of translation, something is carried over from one language to another; hence to translate. Metaphor, on the other hand, indicates a similar act of transference (Übertragung), as it is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase signifying one thing is used in place of another to suggest some degree of likeness or equivalence. The most interesting result of the comparison is that there are more similarities between the neighbour languages than Germanic languages. This implies that neighbourhood and the common history have more impact on languages, even from different families (Albanian‐German), than common roots (English‐German).
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Aliu, Blerta. "CO-DETERMINATION POLITICS ON COMMERCIAL COMPANIES IN ALBANIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." CBU International Conference Proceedings 1 (June 30, 2013): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v1.20.
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This paper focuses on understanding the role that stakeholders, especially, employees have in a company and corporate governance implications. Currently, human capital, embodied to employees, has become very fast the most important source of corporate value. This study makes an overview of the current situation in Albania, analyzing legal provisions and relevant international literature on this issue. The trends of the result for decision-making in the Albanian companies show a low level of participation of stakeholders, particularly employees. This study is based on a comparison between American common law system, supporters of the shareholders and the German civil law system, supportive of stakeholders. Here, is apparently stated the need to embrace the second system. Recent developments of American companies and the financial crisis are reasons which brought us to this conclusion. The German practice also, shows clearly that corporate social responsibility is the key to success, if it adapts to different historical, legal and cultural contexts.
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Umachandran, Mathura. "The world in Auerbach’s mouth: Weltliteratur after philhellenism." Classical Receptions Journal 11, no. 4 (2019): 427–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/crj/clz014.
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Abstract We live in an age of globalized and globalizing phenomena: the contemporary agenda of academic inquiry takes in ‘networks’, ‘connectivity’, and other modes of articulating complex structures of human activity. In Comparative Literature and beyond, the idea of world literature has borne the weight of idealist intercultural understanding, the hopes of translation studies, and the anxieties around the failure of communication. Erich Auerbach offers a touchstone in the conceptual genealogy of world literature (Weltliteratur). This article illuminates how Auerbach’s Weltliteratur is predicated on a polemic with German philhellenism, tracked through Auerbach’s declaration that his idea is ‘ungoethisch’. Auerbach’s revisions to Weltliteratur constituted a strategy to render it a historicist concept. Since Auerbach’s notion of historicism was itself derived from nineteenth-century German humanism, this essay argues that Auerbach was attempting to go with Goethe beyond Goethe. Finally, this essay assesses how successful Auerbach’s decoupling of Weltliteratur from universalism, under the sign of Goethe and the Greeks. I suggest that Weltliteratur is still a pertinent concept today because of Auerbach’s intervention to install historicist and dialectical resources therein.
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Czerska, Tatiana. "Zapomniane, przemilczane, przeoczone. Inne zagłady i ich literackie reprezentacje w ujęciu Arkadiusza Morawca." Narracje o Zagładzie, no. 6 (November 23, 2020): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/noz.2020.06.23.
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The article presents findings contained in the work by Arkadiusz Morawiec entitled Literatura polska wobec ludobójstwa. Rekonesans [Polish literature faced with genocide. Reconnaissance]. The scholar from Łódź calls into question the hitherto established hierarchy of genocides. Extensive comparative research into literary representations of particular wartime massacres is what constitutes the thematic pivot of the said treatise, which joins in the discussion scope outlined by genocide studies. Subsequent chapters of the presented book are devoted to literary reverberations of the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by Turks, the Nazi-Germany extermination of persons with physical and mental retardation as well as Sinti and Roma, the Srebrenica massacres carried out by Serbs. The remaining chapters deal with the Holocaust literature and, according to the author’s intentions, an attempt to enrich the state of research, and sometimes – to amend some of their findings.