Relevant bibliographies by topics / Literature review and nosocomial infections

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Academic literature on the topic 'Literature review and nosocomial infections'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Literature review and nosocomial infections"

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Jarvis, William R., Van P. Munn, Anita K. Highsmith, David H. Culver, and James M. Hughes. "The Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae." Infection Control 6, no. 2 (1985): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0195941700062639.

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AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae causes serious epidemic and endemic nosocomial infections. We conducted a literature review to characterize the epidemiology of epidemic K. pneumoniae outbreaks. Eighty percent of the outbreaks (20/25) involved infections of the bloodstream or urinary tract. Person-to-person spread was the most common mode of transmission, and nearly 50% of the outbreaks occurred in neonatal intensive care units. No one serotype predominated, and no association was found between serotype and either the site of infection or the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.We used data reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) by hospitals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Study (NNIS) to describe the epidemiology of endemic K. pneumoniae infections. In die 8-year period from 1975 through 1982 the nosocomial K. pneumoniae infection rate was 16.7 infections per 10,000 patients discharged. The rate of infection at medical school-affiliated hospitals was significantly greater than at nonaffiliated hospitals; furthermore, the rate of infection at large affiliated hospitals was greater than at small affiliated hospitals. The rate of infection varied by service, with the highest rate found on the medicine service. During the 8-year period, 184 deaths were caused by nosocomial K. pneumoniae infections (184 deaths/16,969 infections, case-fatality ratio 1.1%), with higher ratios in pediatrics (5%) where there was a 12% mortality in children infected with an aminoglycoside-resistant strain.
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Aykac, Kubra, Yasemin Ozsurekci, Ozlem Tuncer, et al. "Six cases during 2012–2015 and literature review ofChryseobacterium indologenesinfections in pediatric patients." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 10 (2016): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0800.

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Chryseobacterium indologenes is a widespread bacteria in the environment, especially hospitals, and a rarely reported human pathogen. The lowest frequency has been reported in children under 5 years of age. Clinical manifestations of C. indologenes include nosocomial pneumoniae, biliary tract infection, peritonitis, surgical wound infection, intravascular catheter-related bacteremia, cellulitis, and primary bacteremia. There is a knowledge gap in the management of C. indologenes infections, especially pertaining children, because of multiple antibiotic resistance and limited data in the literature concerning effective empirical treatment. In the published literature, a total of 16 cases of C. indologenes infections were reported in the pediatric age group. Herein, we present our experience in 6 children with C. indologenes infections. Early and prompt management of C. indologenes infections, particularly in children with mechanic ventilation, with polymicrobial infections, and under the age of 2 years, is of major importance because these factors seem to have a negative effect on the prognosis of infections caused by C. indologenes. Ciprofloxacin and TPM–SMX may be the best therapeutic choices for a combined initial empirical treatment of the patients.
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Fürnkranz, Ursula, and Julia Walochnik. "Nosocomial Infections: Do Not Forget the Parasites!" Pathogens 10, no. 2 (2021): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020238.

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Nosocomial infections (NIs) pose an increasing threat to public health. The majority of NIs are bacterial, fungal, and viral infections; however, parasites also play a considerable role in NIs, particularly in our increasingly complex healthcare environment with a growing proportion of immunocompromised patients. Moreover, parasitic infections acquired via blood transfusion or organ transplantation are more likely to have severe or fatal disease outcomes compared with the normal route of infection. Many of these infections are preventable and most are treatable, but as the awareness for parasitic NIs is low, diagnosis and treatment are often delayed, resulting not only in higher health care costs but, importantly, also in prolonged courses of disease for the patients. For this article, we searched online databases and printed literature to give an overview of the causative agents of parasitic NIs, including the possible routes of infection and the diseases caused. Our review covers a broad spectrum of cases, ranging from widely known parasitic NIs, like blood transfusion malaria or water-borne cryptosporidiosis, to less well-known NIs, such as the transmission of Strongyloides stercoralis by solid organ transplantation or nosocomial myiasis. In addition, emerging NIs, such as babesiosis by blood transfusion or person-to-person transmitted scabies, are described.
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Yee-Guardino, Stephanie, Lara Danziger-Isakov, Mark Knouse, William Bingaman, Camille Sabella, and Johanna Goldfarb. "Nosocomially AcquiredPseudomonas stutzeriBrain Abscess in a Child: Case Report and Review." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 6 (2006): 630–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504935.

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Pseudomonas stutzeriis a rare cause of nosocomial infection. We report a pediatric case of nosocomially acquiredP. stutzeribrain abscess after subdural grid implantation before surgery for refractory epilepsy and review the literature.
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Brodszky, Valentin, László Gulácsi, Endre Ludwig, et al. "Antimicrobial therapy ofClostridium difficileinfection. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 23 (2013): 890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29627.

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Introduction:Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic associated infectious nosocomial diarrhoea. Limited number of new pharmaceutical products have been developed and registered in the past decades for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. The available scientific evidence is limited and hardly comparable. Aim: To analyse the clinical efficacy and safety of metronidazole, vancomycin and fidaxomicin in the therapy of Clostridium difficile infection. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature data. Results: Meta-analysis of literature data showed no significant difference between these antibiotics in clinical cure endpoint (odss ratios: fidaxomicin vs. vancomycin 1.19; vancomycin vs. metronidazol 1.69 and fidaxomicin vs. metronidazol 2.00). However, fidaxomicin therapy was significantly more effective than vancomicin and metronidazol in endpoints of recurrence and global cure (odds ratios: fidaxomicin vs. vancomycin 0.47; vancomycin vs. metronidazol 0.91 és fidaxomicin vs. metronidazol 0.43). There was no significant difference between fidaxomicin, vancomycin and metronidazole in safety endpoints. Conclusions: Each antibiotic similarly improved clinical cure. Fidaxomicin was the most effective therapeutic alternative in lowering the rate of recurrent Clostridium difficile infections. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 890–899.
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Parvataneni, Swetha, and Avinash R. Dasari. "Zinc Level and Its Role in Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 232470962094131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2324709620941315.

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Clostridium difficile infection is a common nosocomial infection in US hospitals, accounting for approximately 12 800 deaths annually in the United States. These infections are often associated with the use of antibiotics, which can alter the gut microbiome and thus render patients susceptible to C difficile infection. C difficile is often spread via fecal oral transmission. Multiple medications have been developed, but recurrence rates reach 60% after treatment. Recent data have shown that zinc supplementation decreases the recurrence of C difficile infection. In this article, we present a case of recurrent C difficile infection with zinc deficiency in which zinc supplementation improved the symptoms and reduced the incidence of recurrence.
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Wißmann, Jan Erik, Lisa Kirchhoff, Yannick Brüggemann, Daniel Todt, Joerg Steinmann, and Eike Steinmann. "Persistence of Pathogens on Inanimate Surfaces: A Narrative Review." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020343.

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For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about transmission routes is essential. In addition to respiratory, fecal–oral, and sexual transmission, the transfer of pathogens via surfaces plays a vital role for human pathogenic infections—especially nosocomial pathogens. Therefore, information about the survival of pathogens on surfaces can have direct implications on clinical measures, including hygiene guidelines and disinfection strategies. In this review, we reviewed the existing literature regarding viral, bacterial, and fungal persistence on inanimate surfaces. In particular, the current knowledge of the survival time and conditions of clinically relevant pathogens is summarized. While many pathogens persist only for hours, common nosocomial pathogens can survive for days to weeks under laboratory conditions and thereby potentially form a continuous source of transmission if no adequate inactivation procedures are performed.
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Panacheva, L. A. "Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in conditions of resuscitation and intensive care unit: literature review." Perm Medical Journal 37, no. 4 (2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj37462-70.

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The article presents a review of literature on the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia (NP), which has a high frequency in the resuscitation and intensive care unit, severe complications (up to 52.1 % of cases) and mortality. The following aspects are shown: risk factors for NP and multiple antimicrobial resistance; the goal and program of NP prevention aimed at reducing the likelihood of contamination and infection of patients; the need for epidemiological surveillance of health care associated infections and observance of principles of asepsis and antiseptics by medical personnel; the prevention of oropharyngeal colonization and aspiration; methods of timely verticalization of patients who suffered from acute cerebral insufficiency of any etiology; stimulating spirometry, respiratory gymnastics and chest massage.
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Gregory, Eric R., Sam B. Osborne, Brian M. Gardner, and Robert A. Broughton. "Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole and Moxifloxacin Therapy for a Pediatric Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24, no. 1 (2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-24.1.61.

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an increasingly prevalent cause of nosocomial infections. This report describes a 5-month-old male diagnosed with a S maltophilia ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection after a neurosurgical procedure. Intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and moxifloxacin successfully treated the patient. A literature review revealed a scarcity of similar reports, with none using moxifloxacin as an effective concomitant treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
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GREIG, J. D., and M. B. LEE. "A review of nosocomial norovirus outbreaks: infection control interventions found effective." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 7 (2012): 1151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811002731.

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SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to review documented outbreaks of enteric illness associated with nosocomial norovirus infections and to identify modes of transmission, morbidity and mortality patterns, and recommendations for control. Searches of electronic databases, public health publications, and federal, state/provincial public health websites were completed for 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2010. Computer-aided searches of literature databases and systematic searches of government websites identified 54 relevant outbreak reports. Transmission routes included person-to-person (18·5%), foodborne (3·7%) and in the majority (77·8%) the route was unknown. Actions taken during the outbreak to control infection included restricting the movements of patients and staff (22·5%), enhanced environmental cleaning (13·6%) and hand hygiene (10·3%). Rapid identification of norovirus outbreaks in hospitals is vital for the immediate implementation of infection control measures and isolation of infected individuals in this mainly immunocompromised population. Studies that statistically evaluate infection control measures are needed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Literature review and nosocomial infections"

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Pelaes, Christian Emmanuel da Silva. "Métodos de ensino na prevenção de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter: uma revisão integrativa da literatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-18072014-161847/.

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Introdução: Educação é precisamente a atividade que pode expandir as estratégias de prevenção das Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência a Saúde (IRAS). As infecções da corrente sanguínea associadas a cateter (ICSC) são consideradas as mais importantes IRAS no cenário da assistência crítica por estarem associadas com altas taxas de mortalidade de pacientes sob cuidados intensivos. A interação existente entre entender como o conhecimento é adquirido e qual a melhor maneira de se ensinar, sugere uma mudança na prática tradicional do ensino. Partindo do pressuposto de que toda mudança provém de planejamento, execução, avaliação e implementações de melhoria, este estudo surge com a intenção de responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Quais métodos e técnicas de ensino se mostraram eficazes na redução das taxas de ICSC?. Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar os métodos e técnicas de ensino utilizados em treinamentos para equipes de saúde envolvidas diretamente com a prevenção de ICSC. Método: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura (RIL) com a estruturação de uma questão de pesquisa conforme a estratégia PICO, sendo utilizados descritores controlados padronizados. As seguintes bases foram pesquisadas: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, ERIC e Web of Science. Os artigos incluídos atenderam à critérios pré definidos, incluindo avaliação de qualidade metodológica. Resultados: O número total de referências encontradas foi de 300 e, 10 artigos (3,3%) foram incluídos como amostra final a ser analisada. O Método Expositivo foi utilizado por 100% da amostra. Observou-se que 80% optaram pela Técnica de Ensino Verbal, Ilustração (60%), Simulação (30%) e Exemplificação (20%). O Método de Elaboração em Conjunto configurou o segundo método mais utilizado pelos autores (80%). As técnicas de ensino mais exploradas nessa categoria foram a Conversa Dialogada (80%), Lista de discussões via internet (30%) e Aula Expositiva Dialogada (20%). Simpósio e Painel não foram testados. O Método de Ensino para Trabalho Individual foi o terceiro método mais explorado pelos autores (60%), sendo que a Técnica de Ensino mais utilizada foi a Revisão (50%), seguidos pelo Estudo Dirigido e Ficha Didática (10%). Portfólios, Mapa Conceitual, Solução de Problemas, Estudos de Caso e Pesquisas não foram exploradas como objetos de intervenção. Os Métodos de Ensino para Trabalho em Grupo e Atividades Especiais, com suas respectivas técnicas de ensino, não foram considerados em nenhum dos estudos analisados. Quanto aos recursos utilizados nas intervenções, o Feedback foi contemplado em 60%, seguidos pelo uso de cartazes, checklist a beira-leito, módulos de auto estudo (30%) e informativos, pôsteres, adesivos coloridos, carros e kits de inserção de CVC e internet (20%). Para os Métodos de Análise das intervenções realizadas, todos os estudos incluídos apresentaram as taxas de ICSC, seguidos pela Avaliação de Desempenho Pré e Pós Intervenção (60%), Auditorias e Testes Pré e Pós (50%), Checklist (40%), Indicadores gerais de IRAS, Avaliação diagnóstica prévia (20%) e Inspeção (10%). Conclusão: Os Métodos e Técnicas de Ensino utilizados nos estudos incluídos na presente pesquisa favoreceram a redução de ICSC. Entretanto, devido a uso combinado de diferentes métodos não foi possível identificar um método que isoladamente tenha sido mais eficaz<br>Introduction: Education is precisely the activity that can expand the strategies Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI). Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are considered to be the most important HAI in the critical care setting being associated with the high mortality rates of patients under intensive care. The interaction between the understanding of how knowledge is acquired and what would be the better way to teach, suggests a need for change in the traditional practices in teaching. Assuming that all changes should come from planning, implementation, evaluation and improving implementations, this study seeks to answer the following research question: \"What are the methods and teaching techniques that have proved to be effective in reducing CRBSI rates?\". Objective: Identify and describe the methods and teaching techniques used in training healthcare workers directly involved in the prevention of CRBSI. Method: This is an Integrative Review of Literature (IRL) with the structuring of a research question according to the PICO strategy which used standardized controlled descriptors. The following databases were searched: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, ERIC and Web of Science. The articles that are included met the pre-defined criteria, including a methodological quality assessment. Results: Three hundred references were found and 10 articles (3.3%) were included as the final sample to be analyzed. The Expository Method was used by 100% of the sample. It was observed that 80% opted to the Verbal Teaching Technique, Illustration (60%), Simulation (30%) and Exemplification (20%). The Preparation Group Method configured the second method used the most by the authors (80%). The most explored teaching techniques in this category were the Dialogued Conversation (80%), List of discussions by internet (30%) and Dialogued Exposition Class (20%). Symposium and Panel were not tested. The teaching method for Individual Work was the third method further explored by the authors (60%), and the Review was the most used teaching technique on this category (50%), followed by the Directed Study and Teaching Sheet (10%). Portfolios, Concept Map, Problem Solving, Case Studies and Research where not explored as objects of intervention. The teaching methods for Group Work and Special Activities, with their respective teaching techniques were not considered in any of the studies analyzed. As for the resources used in the interventions studies, the Feedback was contemplated in 60%, followed by the use of banners, a bedside checklist, self study modules (30%) and newsletters, posters, colored stickers, car with the insertion kits of central lines and the internet (20%). According to the analysis methods for the implemented interventions, all included studies showing their CRBSI rates, followed by the Performance Assessment - Pre and Post Intervention (60%), Audits and Testing Before and After (50%), Checklist (40%), General HAI indicators, Prior diagnostic evaluation (20%) and Inspection (10%). Conclusion: The Methods and Teaching techniques used in the included studies from this research favored the reduction of CRBSI. However, due to the combined use of different methods, it was not possible to identify a method that alone was more effective
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Söderberg, Jennifer, and Paula Pitkänen. "Faktorer som påverkar hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens följsamhet av basala hygienrutiner på en akutmottagning : - En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27747.

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Bakgrund: Vårdrelaterade infektioner (VRI) är ett stort problem i Sverige och resten av världen och en av de viktigaste patientsäkerhetsfrågorna. Det leder till ett ökat lidande för patienten, längre vårdtider samt stora kostnader för samhället. Hälften av de VRI som sker kan förebyggas med åtgärder som bland annat följsamheten till basala hygienrutiner. Trots riktlinjer är följsamheten låg. Hälso-och sjukvården ska vara av god kvalitet med hög hygienisk standard. En av sjukvårdspersonalens viktigaste uppgifter är att förhindra att vårdskador sker och undvika onödigt lidande för patienten. Därför är det av stor vikt att ta reda på vilka faktorer som påverkar hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner. Syfte: Litteraturöversiktens syfte var att belysa olika faktorer som kan påverka hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner på en akutmottagning (AKM). Metod: Denna studie har genomförts som en litteraturöversikt på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar av kvantitativ design. Av dessa har tolv artiklar sökts fram genom databaserna Cinahl och PubMed och en genom sekundär sökning. Resultat: Resultatet visar på att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner på en AKM. Fyra huvudfaktorer som framkom var Miljön, Kunskap och utbildning, Attityder till basala hygienrutiner och Förbättringsarbete. Slutsats: Följsamheten till basala hygienrutiner var låg och det fanns flera faktorer som påverkade att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen inte följde de riktlinjer som fanns.<br>Background: Nosocomial infections are a huge problem in Sweden and the rest of the world and the most important issue of patient safety. These infections can lead to increased patient suffering, prolonged hospital stays and higher costs for the society. Half of the nosocomial infections that happens can be prevented with measures, such as the compliance with basic hygiene routines. Despite the guidelines, the compliance is low. Healthcare must be of good quality and have a high hygienic level and preventing injury is one of the most important tasks of healthcare personnel to prevent suffering. Therefore, it is very important to find out what factors affect compliance of the staff with basic hygiene routines. Aim: The purpose of the literature review is to highlight various factors that may affect the compliance of healthcare personnel with basic hygiene routines in emergency department. Method: This study has been formed as a literature review based on 13 scientific articles quantitative design. 12 of these have been found when search through the databases Cinahl and Pubmed and one by manual search. Findings: The result shows that there are several factors that affect healthcare personnel compliance of basic hygiene routines in an emergency department. Four head factors that showed are Environment, Knowledge and education, Attitudes to basic hygiene routines, and Improvement. Conclusion: The compliance of basic hygiene routines is low and there are several factors that affect that healthcare personnel does not follow the guidelines that is available.
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De, Goveia C. "Legionella infections : a review of the literature and a prospective serological study of the incidence of Legionnaires disease at Groote Schuur Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25585.

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A prospective study of patients with pneumonia admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital took place over a one-year period in an attempt to assess the incidence of legionella pneumonia. Acute and convalescent serum samples were obtained from 113 patients. Eight patients (7,1%) showed a fourfold rise in antibody titre against Legionella pneumophila group 1 antigen by indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT). The findings suggest that legionella pneumonia, although not common, should be considered in the aetiology of pneumonia at Groote Schuur Hospital. The results are presented and a review of the literature is undertaken.
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Hed, Anna, and Erica Näsén. "Den fysiska vårdmiljöns betydelse för förebyggandet avvårdrelaterade infektioner: en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35295.

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Bakgrund: Patienter drabbas av vårdrelaterade infektioner inom olika vårdmiljöer varje dag.Detta bidrar till onödiga kostnader och ett onödigt lidande för patienten som skulle kunnaundvikas. Syfte: Att beskriva vårdmiljöns betydelse för att förebygga vårdrelateradeinfektioner. Metod: Litteraturöversiktens resultat bygger på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar, sompublicerats mellan 2015–2020. Artiklarnas ursprungsland är USA, Kanada, Kina, Tyskland,Iran, Österrike, Uganda, Nigeria och England. Resultat: Tre teman identifierades som var,Vårdmiljöns utformning, Kontaktytor i vårdmiljön och Möjligheter till handhygien. Resultatetvisar att vårdmiljön och dess utformning har en betydelse för risken av att drabbas av envårdrelaterad infektion. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av denna litteraturöversikt är att vårdmiljön har enbetydelse för överföring av bakterier och virus, vilket kan orsaka vårdrelaterade infektioner.<br>Background: Patients are affected by healthcare-associated infections in different careenvironments every day. This contributes to unnecessary costs and suffering for patients thatcould be avoided. Aim: To describe the importance of the care environment in preventinghealthcare-associated infections. Method: The results of the literature review are based on 15scientific articles, published between 2015-2020. The countries of origin of the articles are theUnited States, Canada, China, Germany, Iran, Austria, Uganda, Nigeria and England. Results:Three themes were identified: Care environment, Contact surfaces in the care environment andOpportunities for hand hygiene. The results show that the care environment and its design ismaking a risk of suffering from a healthcare-associated infection. Conclusion: The conclusionof this literature study is that the care environment has an impact on the transmission of bacteriaand viruses, which can cause healthcare-associated infections.
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Lin, Mei-Fang, and 林梅芳. "Antimicrobial Therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections -Review of Literature." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qf4yfm.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>臨床藥學研究所<br>90<br>Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the principal pathogen associated with nosocomial infections and is frequently responsible for institutional outbreak. Mortality due to P. aeruginosa bacteremia remains ominously high. Furthermore, resistance to antipseudomonal antibiotics is an increasing problem and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy occurs with relatively high frequency. Appropriate use of antibiotics therapy and prevent the spread of antibiotics resistant microorganism are clinically important issues. Combination therapy has an intuitive appeal for clinicians. The advantages include broader spectrum of coverage, theoretical possibility of minimizing emergence of antimicrobial resistance and potentially synergistic interaction. On the other hand, combination therapy has some disadvantages, including increased toxicity, especially if aminoglycoside is used and more expensive. Objectives To review the efficacy of various therapeutic regimens and in order to provide useful suggestions regarding antibiotic selection. Methods MEDLINE, PudMed, EMBASE and reference lists of relevant articles to search the references. The key words for the initial search strategy were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the names of individual drugs. Results Numerous prospective clinical studies demonstrated that various monotherapy regimens were not different in clinical outcomes, bacteriologic eradication and development of resistance. However, in two studies comparing imipenem to either ceftazidime or piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem was less effective in P. aeruginosa nosocomial pneumonia . In four studies showed that imipenem has a increasing risk of emergence of antimicrobial resistance, when compared with ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and ceftazidime. In vitro-in vivo synergy with antipseudomonal penicillin plus an aminoglycoside and development of resistance with monotherapy prompted combination therapy for serious infections. Aminoglycoside plus ceftazidime were significantly better than monotherapy in animal models. However, other combination regimens lacked solid in vitro or clinical evidences. Conclusion Only combination of antipseudomonal penicillin plus aminoglycoside has been proved to be superior to the monotherapy in patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia. Other combination regimens merit further studies before their routine use in clinical practice.
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Dempoulos, Despina. "Vasculitides in HIV-infected children: a case series & literature review." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11182.

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M.Med.(Paediatrics), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011<br>Medium and large vessel vasculopathy in HIV-infected patients is an uncommon but important cause of mortality and morbidity in both adult and paediatric patients. The estimated frequency in children from the current literature is 1-2%. The overall HIV prevalence among children 18 years of age and younger in South Africa is currently 2.9%. This series reports on medium and large vessel vasculopathy in children with HIV. Six HIV infected children seen at three Johannesburg hospitals between 2000 -2006, are described, all presenting with complications arising from medium and/or large vessel involvement. Additional cases are reviewed from the literature. A description of the clinical presentation, radiological investigations, the possible aetiology, pathophysiology and management of these patients is presented. The case series and literature review compares HIV vasculopathy and Takayasu’s arteritis. Both entities can present with multiple aneurysms and a diagnosis of tuberculosis, thus a possible link in the pathogenesis is explored. Most patients with HIV vasculopathy present while severely immunosuppressed. However, some patients in the case series and literature review present despite adequate viral suppression, suggesting the possibility of an immune-reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the pathogenesis of this vascular complication. Medical management and in selected cases, surgery, has been used in the management of patients with HIV vasculopathy. The outcomes thus far are good.
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Books on the topic "Literature review and nosocomial infections"

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Group, Watt. The Watt Group report: A review of the outbreak of salmonella at the Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow, between December 2001 and January 2002 and lessons that may be learned by both the Victoria Infirmary and the wider NHS family in Scotland. Scottish Executive, 2003.

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Chowdhuri, Sabiha. Reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections of women in Bangladesh: A literature review. James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 2007.

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Chowdhuri, Sabiha. Reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections of women in Bangladesh: A literature review. James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 2007.

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Chanishvili, Nina. A literature review of the practical application of bacteriophage research. Nova Science, 2011.

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Associates, Nathan. Cost of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in APEC economies: A review literature. APEC Health Working Group, Life Sciences Innovation Forum, 2013.

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Program, Horizons, ed. Literature review: Challenging HIV-related stigma and discrimination in Southeast Asia : past successes and future priorities. Population Council, Horizons, 1999.

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(Organization), ACHAP, ed. HIV prevention in southern Africa for young people with a focus on young women and girls in Botswana: Literature review and implications for programme planning. ACHAP, 2011.

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Reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections of women in Bangladesh: A literature review. James P. Grant School of Public Health, 2007.

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Reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections of women in Bangladesh: A literature review. James P. Grant School of Public Health, 2007.

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Read, Jennifer S., and Mark R. Schleiss, eds. Congenital and Perinatal Infections. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.001.0001.

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Congenital and perinatal infections are commonly encountered in clinical practice. This book provides a summation of the data regarding infections transmitted from mother to child during the antepartum, intrapartum, or postnatal period, with the goal of providing a complete and critical review of the literature regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and management of congenital and perinatal infections. Emphasis is placed on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, key diagnostic studies, and therapeutic interventions. Individual chapters elucidate the pathogenesis of these infections, as well as high-priority areas for future research. This text will prove useful to medical students and residents, fellows, and practicing physicians in obstetrics and pediatrics, as well as family-practice physicians and specialists who care for pregnant women and newborns.
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Book chapters on the topic "Literature review and nosocomial infections"

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Wrotek, August, Małgorzata Czajkowska, and Teresa Jackowska. "Nosocomial Infections in Patients Hospitalized with Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Practice Review." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_483.

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Navarrete Gil, Cynthia, Manjula Ramaiah, Andrea Mantsios, Clare Barrington, and Deanna Kerrigan. "Best Practices and Challenges to Sex Worker Community Empowerment and Mobilisation Strategies to Promote Health and Human Rights." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_11.

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AbstractSex workers face a number of health and human rights challenges including heightened risk for HIV infection and suboptimal care and treatment outcomes, institutional and interpersonal violence, labour rights violations, and financial insecurity. In response, sex worker-led groups have been formed and sustained across geographic settings to address these challenges and other needs. Over the last several decades, a growing body of literature has shown that community empowerment approaches among sex workers are associated with significant reductions in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Yet legal and policy environments, as well as funding constraints, have often limited the reach, along with the impact and sustainability, of such approaches.In this chapter, we first review the literature on community empowerment and mobilisation strategies as a means to collectively address HIV, violence, and other health and human rights issues among sex workers. We then utilise two case studies, developed by the sex worker-led groups APROASE in Mexico and Ashodaya Samithi in India, to illustrate and contextualise community empowerment processes and challenges, including barriers to scale-up. By integrating the global literature with context-specific case studies, we distil lessons learned and recommendations related to community empowerment approaches among sex workers.
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Thompson, Rodney L., and Priya Sampathkumar. "Health Care–Associated Infections." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0040.

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Health care–associated infection (HAI) is an infection that occurs in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, or home health care programs. Infection control departments have been constituted to prevent and control infectious complications in health care settings. Prevention and control require combinations of education and training, procedures and policies, surveillance and reporting, and interventions that include isolation and teamwork. Common HAIs (nosocomial infections) include urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Diagnosis and treatment of each type of infection are reviewed.
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Razonable, Raymund R. "Infections in Transplant Recipients." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0039.

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Infections are the most common complication of organ transplant. They are caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Transplant-associated infections usually fall into one of several categories: nosocomial or health care–associated pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and others), opportunistic pathogens (cytomegalovirus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Pneumocystis jiroveci, polyomaviruses BK virus and JC virus, and others), and community-acquired pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae and respiratory viruses). Determinants of risk of infection after transplant include epidemiologic exposures (exposure history for both donor and recipient) and net state of immunosuppression (including antirejection immunosuppressive drugs, graft-vs-host disease prophylaxis and treatment, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunomodulating viruses, and inherent defects in innate and adaptive immunity). Diagnosis and treatment of various types of infections are reviewed.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. "Acute Bacterial Meningitis." In Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review, edited by Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, James Y. Findlay, William D. Freeman, and Ayan Sen. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0091.

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Meningitis, an infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space, is a syndrome involving the cortex and vasculature that leads to vasculitis and secondary infarctions. The cerebral venous system is involved in severe cases. Acute bacterial meningitis usually results from community-acquired infections, but when it occurs in hospitalized patients (ie, nosocomial bacterial meningitis), it is usually due to invasive procedures. Factors that increase the risk of community-acquired meningitis include the immunocompromised state, human immunodeficiency virus infections, asplenia, and genetic factors such as complement factor deficiencies. In most adults with acute bacterial meningitis, a normal state of health is first interrupted by an upper respiratory tract infection or an ear infection that does not improve with antibiotic therapy. The potential source for acute bacterial meningitis, such as pneumonia, paranasal sinusitis, or middle ear infection, should be sought.
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Washida, Naoki, and Hiroshi Itoh. "The Role of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Infections: A Literature Review." In Contributions to Nephrology. S. Karger AG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485716.

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Russu, Manuela Cristina, Şerban Nastasia, Daniela Degeratu, and Ruxandra Viorica Stănculescu. "Breast and Cervix Uteri: Rare Locations for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections and Complications-Cases Report and Literature Review." In Tuberculosis. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75044.

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Macido, Antony. "Vitamin D and Diabetic Foot." In Vitamin D. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97115.

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Approximately 15% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are prone to developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in their lifetime. The term vitamin D status or 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are used interchangeably to represent the status of vitamin D in individuals throughout this paper. Evidence suggests a relationship between 25(OH)D levels and DFU. However, very minimal data is available on the association between DFU and vitamin D deficiency. After a careful review of the literature, it was inferred that vitamin D could be associated with DFU and diabetic foot infections. Available evidence on vitamin D and DFU suggests a negative correlation between 25(OH)D levels and the presence of DFU. Evidence also supports a negative relationship between 25(OH)D levels and diabetic foot infections. Further large-scale randomized controlled studies need to be done to confirm the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and DFU including the use of vitamin D in the management of DFU and diabetic foot infections.
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Haden, Nicholas, and Edward White. "Spinal infection." In Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery, edited by Ramez W. Kirollos, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, and Peter J. A. Hutchinson. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746706.003.0099.

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This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the presentation, investigation, and management of patients presenting with a spinal infection. Particular attention is given to discitis and osteomyelitis (collectively referred to as spondylodiscitis), spinal epidural abscesses, and postoperative infections following spine surgery, although in practice there is considerable overlap between these conditions. These forms of spinal infection are rare, but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, often due to diagnostic delays related to their non-specific presenting symptoms. The relevant literature is reviewed and summarized to provide guidance on the prompt diagnosis and management of these conditions in clinical medical practice.
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Nery Melo Cavalcante, Ana, Ana Raquel Jucá Parente, Rosa Lívia Freitas de Almeida, Denise Nunes Oliveira, Candice Torres de Melo Bezerra Cavalcante, and Marcelo Borges Cavalcante. "Perinatal COVID-19 Pandemic: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on the Health of Offspring." In Contemporary Developments and Perspectives in International Health Security - Volume 3 [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99022.

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Currently, the consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children of mothers affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy are unknown. In addition to pregnancy risks, the impact of COVID-19 on the health of these children can occur in the short, medium, and long term. Initial data reveal a low risk of vertical transmission during the third trimester of pregnancy and through breastfeeding. However, despite this low risk, cases of neonatal COVID-19 have already been reported in the literature. Historically, other viral infections during pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric diseases in the offspring of affected pregnant women, even in the absence of fetal infection. This study aimed to review the impact of viral infections on the offspring of mothers affected in the perinatal period and discuss and determine measures for the possible consequences of COVID-19 in the offspring of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Conference papers on the topic "Literature review and nosocomial infections"

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Zilberberg, MD, J. Chen, SH Mody, A. Ramsey, and AF Shorr. "Imipenem Resistance of Pseudomonas in Nosocomial Pneumonia: A Systematic Literature Review." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1587.

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Pougnet, R., L. Pougnet, I. Alliot, D. Lucas, B. Loddé, and JD Dewitte. "701 Infections disease among professional divers: review of literature 2016." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1098.

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Boban, J., P. Lenz, A. Mellmann, I. Herrmann, and D. Domagk. "ENDOSCOPY-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS – A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF LITERATURE WITH ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION CAUSES." In ESGE Days 2018 accepted abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1637353.

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Novella-Navarro, Marta, Alejandro Gomez-Gomez, Maria Auxiliadora Martin-Martinez, Mercedes Guerra-Rodriguez, and Enrique Raya. "FRI0062 INFECTIONS AMONG RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS STARTING OR SWITCHING BIOLOGICAL AGENTS. A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.3175.

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Sari, Dewi Indra, and Mardiati Nadjib. "The Role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Prophylaxis of Covid-19: A Literature Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.33.

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ABSTRACT Background: A pandemic potential Covid-19 spread rapidly worldwide. Ministry of Health, Republic Indonesia recommended one of the Covid-19 treatments with combination of hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine and azithromycin. However, the effectiveness and safety of antimalaria regime remain debating topic. This study aimed to investigate the role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in prophylaxis of Covid-19. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching from PubMed, SpringerLink, and Cochrane Library databases. The keywords were “prophylaxis”, “chloroquine” OR “hydroxychloroquine” “SARS-CoV-2” OR “Covid-19”. The inclusion criteria were phase IIb clinical trials, double masking, comparative observational studies, open access articles published until August 2020. The exclusion criteria were inaccessible and duplicate articles. The quality of selected articles was critically appraised. The data were reported by PRISMA flow chart. Results: Three articles out of 117 articles met the criteria inclusion. The findings showed that hydroxychloroquine could not prevent Covid-19 compatible disease or confirmed infections when used as post-exposure prophylaxis. High dose chloroquine was not recommended for critically ill COVID-19 patients because of its potential side effects, especially when administered with azithromycin and oseltamivir. Covid-19 patients with the need for oxygenation were not suggested to use hydroxychloroquine. Conclusion: There is scarce evidence to support prophylaxis and treatment effects of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients. Further research on the safety and use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine is required in the management of Covid-19. Keywords: prophylaxis, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19 Correspondence: Dewi Indra Sari. Masters Program in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: dindrasang@yahoo.com. Mobile: +628121983-6600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.33
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Metaxa, D., A. Hajnal, C. Giggins, and E. Cattaneo. "G508(P) Prophylactic azithromycin dosing regimes in children at risk of lower respiratory tract infections: a literature review and survey in the east of england region." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference and exhibition, 13–15 May 2019, ICC, Birmingham, Paediatrics: pathways to a brighter future. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-rcpch.492.

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Pratami, Yustika Rahmawati, and Nurul Kurniati. "Sex Education Strategy for Adolescents: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27.

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Background: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing safe and productive lives of adolescents through understanding about HIV/ AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence, and gender disparity. This scoping review aimed to investigate the appropriate method of sex education and information for adolescents. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and EBSCO databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 460 articles was obtained from the searched database. After the review process, twenty articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Eleven articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Thailand, Iran, California, Vietnam, Spain, South Africa, Indonesia) and nine articles from developed countries (USA, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with quantitative (cross-sectional, quasi-experiments, cohort, RCT) and qualitative design studies. The findings discussed available sources of sex education for adolescents including peers, school, media, and other adults. Digital media (internet and TV) contributed as preferable sources for adolescents. The parents and teacher’s involvement in providing sex education remained inadequate. Inappropriate sources of sex education like invalid information from the internet and other adults caused negative consequences on the sexual and reproductive health of children and adolescents. Conclusion: Parents-school partnership strategies play an important role in delivering appropriate information about sex education for children and adolescents. Keywords: digital media, sex education, parents, schools, adolescents Correspondence: Yustika Rahmawati Pratami. Jl. Siliwangi No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: yustikarahmawati068@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282198915596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27
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Furer, Victoria, Christien Rondaan, Marloes W. Heijstek, et al. "FRI0658 INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF VACCINE PREVENTABLE INFECTIONS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES (AIIRD): A SYSTEMIC LITERATURE REVIEW INFORMING THE 2019 UPDATE OF THE EULAR RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VACCINATION IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH AIIRD." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.7706.

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Reports on the topic "Literature review and nosocomial infections"

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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations: India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave: Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.

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Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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