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Journal articles on the topic 'Lithic raw material procurement strategy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Tankersley, Kenneth B., Brad Koldehoff, and Edwin R. Hajic. "The Bostrom Site: A Paleo-Indian Habitation in Southwestern Illinois." North American Archaeologist 14, no. 1 (July 1993): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/821j-4n00-wwkk-xhff.

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Recent investigations at the Bostrom site in southwestern Illinois demonstrate that the site was occupied by at least three successive groups of Paleo-Indians: Clovis, Gainey, and Holcombe. Of the artifacts for which lithic raw materials were identified, Clovis tools are manufactured from stone that was procured up to 1500 km from the site. Gainey and Holcombe artifacts, on the other hand, are manufactured from stone whose source areas occur within a radius of 300 km from the site. Early Archaic, Dalton artifacts are manufactured from stone procured within 150 km of the site. These lithic resource procurement patterns suggest that there is a dramatic fall-off in mobility, social interaction, or both, after the initial peopling of the area. The presence of Great Lakes and Northeastern tool types at this southerly latitude suggests that the Gainey and Holcombe economies were much broader than the stereotypical model of a caribou-based subsistence strategy.
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2

Quero, Tania, Maria Clara Martinelli, and Letterio Giordano. "The Neolithic Site of San Martino — Sicily: Working and Circulation of Obsidian from Lipari." Open Archaeology 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0006.

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AbstractThe settlement of San Martino was found in 2008 on the Northern coast of Sicily (near the city of Spadafora — Messina). It is located on a hill slope about 4 km from the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, near an ancient river which is no longer present today. The stratigraphy included two Neolithic levels: the oldest one belonged to the Stentinello culture (middle Neolithic — 6th-5th millennium BC cal) and the later one belonged to the Diana culture (Late Neolithic — 4th millennium BC cal). The San Martino lithic assemblage consists of a very significant amount of obsidian knapping products that have allowed us to examine the procurement, exploitation and circulation of this raw material, from the source on the island off the coast of Sicily, during the Neolithic period. Considering its strategic location and some analogies with other settlements nearby, the site of San Martino was probably part of the Lipari obsidian networks of exchange.
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3

Roth, Barbara J., and Harold L. Dibble. "Production and Transport of Blanks and Tools at the French Middle Paleolithic Site of Combe-Capelle Bas." American Antiquity 63, no. 1 (January 1998): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694775.

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Recent studies of Middle Paleolithic lithic assemblages have focused on questions of interest to lithic analysts everywhere, including the effect of raw material availability, occupation span, and tool maintenance on assemblage characteristics. In this paper, we add to the growing database on Middle Paleolithic assemblages using material recently excavated at Combe-Capelle Bas in the Dordogne region of southern France. The site provides a unique opportunity for addressing questions concerning lithic assemblage variability because it is located on a high quality flint source. We present data on core reduction, blank selection, raw material procurement, and lithic transport that provide information on lithic use pertinent for both Old World and New World archaeologists. Our data show that raw material availability and group mobility influenced blank selection, production, and transport at Combe-Capelle.
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4

Seeman, Mark F. "Intercluster Lithic Patterning at Nobles Pond: A Case for “Disembedded” Procurement among Early Paleoindian Societies." American Antiquity 59, no. 2 (April 1994): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281932.

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This study examines the relation between raw-material procurement and subsistence behavior among foraging societies. “Embedded procurement” of raw materials may characterize many or most modern foraging societies (Binford 1979). Past societies, however, present economic configurations different than those of any contemporary society. The Early Paleoindian societies of North America present extreme examples in this regard, and were characterized by high mobility, low population density, and high weapon reliability. A lithic-debitage analysis of a portion of the Nobles Pond site (33ST357) supports the argument that the acquisition of lithic raw materials was not embedded in subsistence behavior, but rather, was a specialized activity required by the particular demands of band aggregation in a location far removed from sources of acceptable lithic materials.
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5

Gould, Richard A., and Sherry Saggers. "Lithic Procurement in Central Australia: A Closer Look at Binford's Idea of Embeddedness in Archaeology." American Antiquity 50, no. 1 (January 1985): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280637.

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Field surveys of lithic sites in Central Australia and experimental tests of materials from these sites permit evaluation of Binford's (1979) concept of embeddedness. While basically agreeing with Binford's view that raw material procurement by mobile hunter-gatherers occurred incidentally in relation to other subsistence activities, our results indicate that Binford's argument cannot account for patterning in raw material procurement based on the utilitarian properties of the materials themselves. In dealing with questions of raw material procurement, we propose that controlled efforts be made to evaluate the technological characteristics of materials vis-a-vis the mechanical forces involved in their known or presumed uses before assuming the degree to which their procurement was structured by subsistence factors.
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6

Whyte, Thomas R. "Gifts of the Ancestors: Secondary Lithic Recycling in Appalachian Summit Prehistory." American Antiquity 79, no. 04 (October 2014): 679–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.4.679679.

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Abstract Evidence of systematic secondary lithic recycling at the Katie Griffith site and Church Rocksheiter No. 2 in the mountains of western North Carolina is presented. It is proposed that recycling and reuse of found stone artifacts in the Early Woodland period of the Appalachian Summit region of the southeastern United States was a regular lithic procurement option. It is concluded that systematic secondary lithic recycling was widespread in prehistory, provides an avenue for exploring economizing responses to raw material procurement challenges, and must be accounted for when using lithic artifacts in reconstructions and explanations of human mobility, exchange, and technological organization, and in archaeological constructions of lithic artifact typologies.
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7

McAnany, Patricia A. "Stone-Tool Production and Exchange in the Eastern Maya Lowlands: The Consumer Perspective from Pulltrouser Swamp, Belize." American Antiquity 54, no. 2 (April 1989): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281710.

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Ongoing controversy over the identification of mesoamerican centers as the locus for specialized production of stone tools is addressed by reference to a consumer locality in the eastern Maya Lowlands. Lithic data from Pulltrouser Swamp are used to shed light on the production intensity and scale of a distribution system centered at Colha, Belize. Debitage analyses of technological attributes, use wear, and metric dimensions contrast two contexts of lithic procurement at Pulltrouser Swamp: direct procurement of raw material and indirect procurement of finished tools. Each procurement context results in debitage with different variable states. Characterization of the Colha chert lithic material at Pulltrouser Swamp as a consumer assemblage is supported further by the results of a discriminant analysis in which an experimental "consumer" assemblage is classified with the Colha chert. Such characterizations of lithic assemblages are more robust methodologically and more informative substantively than attempts at the quantification of production or usage rates. The implications of scalar differences in production systems are discussed.
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8

Lengyel, György. "Lithic raw material procurement at Bodrogkeresztúr–Henye Gravettian site, northeast Hungary." Quaternary International 359-360 (March 2015): 292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.07.027.

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9

Bamforth, Douglas B. "Settlement, raw material, and lithic procurement in the central Mojave Desert." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9, no. 1 (March 1990): 70–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4165(90)90006-y.

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10

Dowd, Anne S. "George H. Odell's Contributions to Lithic Quarry and Raw Material Procurement Research." North American Archaeologist 34, no. 4 (October 2013): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.34.4.b.

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11

Aubry, Thierry, Xavier Mangado Llach, Jorge David Sampaio, and Farid Sellami. "Open-air rock-art, territories and modes of exploitation during the Upper Palaeolithic in the Côa Valley (Portugal)." Antiquity 76, no. 291 (March 2002): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0008981x.

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A study of the differential preservation of the famous Côa engravings, in the light of the site of Fariseu, place the distribution of the art in a chronological setting, which is in turn placed within the context of lithic raw material procurement.
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12

Kuča, Martin, Antonín Prichystal, Zdenk Schenk, Petr Škrdla, and Milan Vokác. "Lithic raw material procurement in the Moravian Neolithic: the search for extra-regional networks." Documenta Praehistorica 36 (December 1, 2009): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.36.20.

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13

Lavin, Lucianne, and Donald R. Prothero. "Prehistoric Procurement of Secondary Sources: The Case for Characterization." North American Archaeologist 13, no. 2 (October 1992): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wfxt-26nx-xbp6-x09d.

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Lithic source identification is a new and exciting subfield of archaeology. Sourcing studies often concentrate on prehistoric quarry areas within primary, or in situ, bedrock outcrops. Other important but underrated resources are primary, non-quarry outcrops and secondary, redeposited materials such as glacial till and water-laid gravels. This article discusses the characterization of chert sources by petrographic, or thin section analysis, and assesses the technique's usefulness in identifying specific rock units as the raw material source for prehistoric artifacts. Data from source areas and from archaeological sites in the Delaware and lower Hudson drainages of New Jersey and New York are used to illustrate the need for analysis of non-quarry chert source localities.
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14

Martinez, Marina Mosquera. "Differential Raw Material Use in the Middle Pleistocene of Spain: Evidence from Sierra de Atapuerca, Torralba, Ambrona and Aridos." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8, no. 1 (April 1998): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300001281.

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This article reviews the evidence for planning behaviour in Middle Pleistocene hominids. It documents the way in which raw material procurement and tool production were structured during the Middle Pleistocene occupations of the Spanish sites of Sierra de Atapuerca, Torralba, Ambrona and Aridos. Differences in the use of raw materials for different kinds of tool or end-product allow inferences to be drawn about pre-Neanderthal intentionality and cognitive ability. The overall pattern of technological behaviour demonstrated by this study is far removed from the purely ‘opportunistic’ and can reasonably be described as involving both forethought and planning. The work is presented from a techno-economic perspective based on the differential use of raw material types present in the lithic assemblages of these sites, and the proximity of sources of these raw materials in the surrounding landscape.
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15

Goodyear, Albert C. "Tool Kit Entropy and Bipolar Reduction: A Study of Interassemblage Lithic Variability among Paleo-Indian Sites in the Northeastern United States." North American Archaeologist 14, no. 1 (July 1993): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hn4d-3mnn-5nrx-qpc8.

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Bipolar flaking as a means of reducing lithic raw material is known to have occurred since the time of the Lower Palaeolithic. As a strategy for working small bits of raw material, it is probable that it has a variety of important selective contexts. Assemblages from northeastern United States Paleo-Indian sites are used to test the hypothesis that bipolar artifacts in these systems represent a method of extending the utility of a transported, highly curated lithic toolkit through recycling. It is shown that what have been called pièces esquillées among these sites are in all probability cores for the derivation of small flakes. This is demonstrated by citing ethnoarcheological and technological data and by a spatial-statistical analysis of the distribution of “pièces esquillées” at the Debert site. The methodological problems related to the accurate functional identification of artifacts are explored and their impacts on archaeological arguments are also discussed. Also discussed are the difficulties in interpreting site activities on the basis of inter site differences in tool frequencies and proportions where assemblages have been affected by lithic recycling. Last, the theoretical significance of recycling through bipolar reduction is outlined as a strategy for solving the raw material and tool replacement problems as conditioned by Paleo-Indian settlement and technological systems.
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16

Björheden, Rolf, and Klara Helstad. "Raw Material Procurement in Sawmills’ Business Level Strategy-A Contingency Perspective." International Journal of Forest Engineering 16, no. 2 (June 2005): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2005.10702513.

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17

Nyland, Astrid J. "In Search of Cloudstones? The Contribution of Charismatic Rocks Towards an Understanding of Mesolithic and Neolithic Communities in the Montane Regions of South Norway." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 86 (June 29, 2020): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2020.4.

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This paper discusses whether a consideration of the capacity of rocks to affect humans in terms of their charisma or object-agency can aid in understanding identified variation in patterns of lithic procurement, distribution, and use. Lithic assemblages at sites dating to both the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in two separate areas of the central mountain plateau in southern Norway demonstrate use of locally available rock. Their use contrasts with that of flint which could only be sourced at the coast. While the use of flint in regions with a restricted range of available and suitable rock types is understandable, the presence of flint in regions rich in flint alternatives is more puzzling. In order to understand the choices and actions of prehistoric communities we must consider other factors, such as a sensorial exploration of the ability of raw materials to affect humans, together with the diverging ontological perspectives that shape human–material relations and the social situations of practice. This paper argues that, in addition to their straightforward utility, lithic raw materials had socially situated object-agency and inherent characteristics of charisma and that these exerted powerful influences on human choice, perception, and preference.
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18

Kamp, Kathryn A., and John C. Whittaker. "Unproductive Lithic Resources at Lake Mead." American Antiquity 51, no. 2 (April 1986): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/279952.

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Artifacts from 24 chipping stations and a lithic scatter from the Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Nevada were analyzed by refitting conjoinable flakes to original cores. Artifacts represented debitage from the initial reduction of locally-available low-quality chalcedony nodules for the eventual production of flake tools. The refitting analysis allowed the debitage to be divided into four patterns that roughly correlate with variation in the quality of the raw material. All result from the same strategy of reduction aimed at producing as many usable flakes as possible from low-quality material. Such relatively unproductive sites are rarely studied in detail because they require intensive analysis, but were probably an important part of prehistoric resource systems.
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19

Blades, Brooke S. "End Scraper Reduction and Hunter-Gatherer Mobility." American Antiquity 68, no. 1 (January 2003): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557037.

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Various lithic measures have been invoked to argue that human foragers moved over greater or lesser distances, or moved with greater or lesser frequency when compared with other foraging groups. This paper examines one of those measures—the reduction of blade end scrapers from early Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian and Perigordian occupations in southwestern France. Evidence of end scraper reduction is compared with faunal diversity and lithic material provenience, the former a potential catalyst of and the latter a potential reflection of mobility. A relationship between less-intense end scraper reduction, somewhat elevated percentages of distant raw materials, and reindeer-dominated fauna is noted during cold and apparently open environmental conditions. Less consistency in the extent of end scraper reduction is observed among assemblages associated with more diverse and at times less-mobile fauna. These observations argue for the importance of a fine-grained comparison of lithic and other data, the complexity of procurement strategies, and the recognition that greater or lesser reduction does not translate directly into greater or lesser mobility.
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20

Kunitake, Sadakatsu. "Settlement behavior in the Kanto Plain during the Japanese Paleolithic based on lithic raw material procurement and consumption." Quaternary International 425 (December 2016): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.07.002.

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21

Vukosavljević, Nikola, and Zlatko Perhoč. "Lithic raw material procurement of the Late Epigravettian hunter-gatherers from Kopačina Cave (island of Brač, Dalmatia, Croatia)." Quaternary International 450 (September 2017): 164–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.09.017.

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22

Sánchez de la Torre, Marta, Pilar Utrilla, Rafael Domingo, Luis Jiménez, François‐Xavier Le Bourdonnec, and Bernard Gratuze. "Lithic raw material procurement at the Chaves cave (Huesca, Spain): A geochemical approach to defining Palaeolithic human mobility." Geoarchaeology 35, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 856–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.21808.

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23

Horowitz, Rachel A. "Uneven lithic landscapes: Raw material procurement and economic organization among the Late/Terminal Classic Maya in Western Belize." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 19 (June 2018): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.01.038.

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24

Peterson, Jane, Douglas R. Mitchell, and M. Steven Shackley. "The Social and Economic Contexts of Lithic Procurement: Obsidian from Classic-Period Hohokam Sites." American Antiquity 62, no. 2 (April 1997): 231–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282508.

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The social and economic organization of obsidian procurement has been a topic of particular interest in southwestern archaeology as a result of recent work identifying and characterizing a number of sources throughout Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. Recent studies have attempted to explain temporal and spatial variability of obsidian distribution in the larger contexts of regional exchange networks, socially bounded territories, and elite redistributive efforts. This study reviews the current state of research as reflected in three models. Patterns in obsidian source diversity and reduction stage data are assessed relative to model expectations and an analysis of obsidian acquisition and distribution. The likelihood of elite members of an increasingly formalized socioeconomic system playing a role in these processes should be considered, while at the same time noting that kin-based raw material procurement and ritual item mobilization may explain many of the obsidian patterns. The emerging perspective suggests that obsidian moved in a variety of spheres, concurrently serving a number of social and economic purposes. This study highlights the importance of modeling individual, nonlocal commodities before attempting to generate monolithic exchange models.
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25

Doelman, Trudy, John Webb, and Marian Domanski. "Source to discard: patterns of lithic raw material procurement and use in Sturt National Park, northwestern New South Wales." Archaeology in Oceania 36, no. 1 (April 2001): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2001.tb00468.x.

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26

Ambrose, Stanley H. "Howiesons Poort lithic raw material procurement patterns and the evolution of modern human behavior: A response to Minichillo (2006)." Journal of Human Evolution 50, no. 3 (March 2006): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.12.006.

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27

Gao, Xing, and Christopher J. Norton. "A critique of the Chinese ‘Middle Palaeolithic’." Antiquity 76, no. 292 (June 2002): 397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00090517.

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The Chinese Palaeolithic has traditionally been divided into three distinct cultural periods: Lower, Middle, and Upper. Analysis of four stone tool criteria (raw material procurement, core reduction, retouch, and typology) to determine if a distinct Middle Palaeolithic stage existed in China suggests that very little change occurred in lithic technology between the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. Accordingly, a two-stage progression is proposed: Early and Late Palaeolithic. The transition between these two cultural periods occurred with the development of more refined stone tool making techniques (e.g. introduction of blade and microblade technology) and the presence of other archaeological indicators of more modern human behaviour (e.g. presence of art and/or symbolism) (c. 30,000 years ago).
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28

Forenbaher, Stašo, and Zlatko Perhoč. "Lithic Assemblages from Nakovana (Croatia): Raw Material Procurement and Reduction Technology from the Early Neolithic until the End of Prehistory." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 30, no. 2 (January 3, 2018): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmea.35405.

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29

Prastyo, Dedi Rozaq, and Sri Dianing Asri. "APRIORI ALGORITHM IMPLEMENTATION TO DETERMINE PURCHASE PATTERNS OF RAW MATERIALS AT PT PENJALINDO NUSANTARA." JITK (Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Komputer) 6, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33480/jitk.v6i2.1909.

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PT. Penjalindo Nusantara is a manufacturing company in the packaging field where production depends on customer demand or what is commonly known as job orders so that timely production work and availability of sufficient materials are mandatory for the company. There was a problem in the implementation of the raw material supply strategy by PT. Penjalindo Nusantara caused delays in the supply of raw material stocks. The solution to this problem is to apply the Apriori algorithm to find out what raw materials are being purchased simultaneously so that it can be the basis for implementing a purchasing strategy in supporting the effectiveness of procurement of raw material stocks and also saving time in sending raw materials by suppliers. This research uses a Web-based data mining application to find the raw material purchase pattern. The result of this research is obtained 11 patterns of purchasing raw materials using a minimum value of 90% support and a minimum of 100% confidence with a lift ratio of 1 as a reference for determining which raw materials will be purchased at the same time.
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30

Barrett, Jason W., and Thomas H. Guderjan. "An Ancient Maya Dock and Dam at Blue Creek, Rio Hondo, Belize." Latin American Antiquity 17, no. 2 (June 2006): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25063048.

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AbstractA precolumbian Maya dock and dam complex was located on the Río Hondo in northwestern Belize near the site of Blue Creek. Survey and excavation showed a range of activities to be associated with the complex, including lithic raw material procurement and manufacture. The discovery also underscores Blue Creek’s role in long-distance commercial exchange involving lowland riverine systems. Large quantities of exotic commodities, including jadeite from the Motagua River valley in Guatemala and stone tools from the industrial manufacturing site of Colhá, Belize, have been recovered from Preclassic and Classic period deposits at Blue Creek, and the site is posited as a vital point of transshipment responsible for the filtering of peripheral resources into the central lowlands. The Blue Creek dock and dam provides a rare glimpse of Maya riverine architecture and offers tangible evidence of infrastructural supports associated with maritime commerce.
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31

Manninen, Mikael A., and Kjel Knutsson. "Lithic raw material diversification as an adaptive strategy—Technology, mobility, and site structure in Late Mesolithic northernmost Europe." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 33 (March 2014): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2013.12.001.

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32

Borie, César, César Parcero-Oubiña, Youngsang Kwon, Diego Salazar, Carola Flores, Laura Olguín, and Pedro Andrade. "Beyond Site Detection: The Role of Satellite Remote Sensing in Analysing Archaeological Problems. A Case Study in Lithic Resource Procurement in the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070869.

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Remote sensing archaeology in recent years has emphasized the use of high-precision and high-accuracy tools to achieve the detailed documentation of archaeological elements (drones, LIDAR, etc.). Satellite remote sensing has also benefited from an increase in the spatial and spectral resolution of the sensors, which is enabling the discovery and documentation of new archaeological features and sites worldwide. While there can be no doubt that a great deal is being gained via such “site detection” approaches, there still remains the possibility of further exploring remote sensing methods to analyse archaeological problems. In this paper, this issue is discussed by focusing on one common archaeological topic: the mapping of environmental resources used in the past and, in particular, the procurement of lithic raw material by hunter-gatherer groups. This is illustrated by showing how the combined use of Landsat 8 images and “ground-truthing” via focused field studies has allowed the identification of a number of potential chert sources, the major lithic resource used by coastal groups between 11,500–1,500 cal. BP, in a vast area of the Atacama Desert covering 22,500 km2. Besides discussing the case study, the strength of remote sensing techniques in addressing archaeological questions comprising large spatial scales is highlighted, stressing the key role they can play in the detection and study of specific environmental resources within challenging physical settings.
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33

Watson, Sara, Marika Low, Natasha Phillips, Corey O’Driscoll, Matthew Shaw, Chris Ames, Zenobia Jacobs, and Alex Mackay. "Robberg Material Procurement and Transport in the Doring River Catchment: Evidence from the Open-Air Locality of Uitspankraal 9, Western Cape, South Africa." Journal of African Archaeology 18, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20200013.

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Abstract Decisions related to the production of lithic technology involve landscape-scale patterns of resource acquisition and transport that are not observable in assemblages from any one single site. In this study, we describe the stone artifacts from a discrete cluster of stone artifacts assigned to the Robberg technocomplex (22-16 ka) at the open-air locality of Uitspankraal 9 (UPK9), which is located near two major sources of toolstone in the Doring River catchment of Western Cape, South Africa. OSL dating of the underlying sediment unit provides a terminus post quem age of 27.5 ± 2.1 ka for the assemblage. Comparison of near-source artifact reduction at UPK9 with data from three rock shelter assemblages within the Doring watershed – Putslaagte 8 (PL8), Klipfonteinrand Rock Shelter (KFR), and Mertenhof Rock Shelter (MRS) – suggests that “gearing-up” with cores and blanks occurred along the river in anticipation of transport into the wider catchment area. The results reveal an integrated system of technological supply in which raw materials from different sources were acquired, reduced, and transported in different ways throughout the Doring River region.
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Neira Campos, Ana, Natividad Fuertes Prieto, and Diego Herrero Alonso. "The Mesolithic with geometrics south of the ‘Picos de Europa’ (Northern Iberian Peninsula): The main characteristics of the lithic industry and raw material procurement." Quaternary International 402 (May 2016): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.065.

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35

Sanjaya, Taufiq, and Djoko Adi Waluyo. "PENERAPAN METODE MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING (MRP)DALAM PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN BAHAN BAKU KEMASAN PLASTIK HD MAYOR." WAKTU: Jurnal Teknik UNIPA 11, no. 2 (July 15, 2013): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/waktu.v11i2.856.

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The raw material is a major component in an industry, where raw materials become afundamental requirement in the production process. That requires a careful inventory planningsystem in the processing of raw materials production. If adequate supplies of raw materials, theproduction continues to run smoothly. Material Requirement Planning (MRP) is a method forcontrolling the raw material inventory planning. Where this method is designed specifically forthe production of corrugated demand situation. With this method, the researchers conducted astudy of HD plastic packaging raw material inventories at a food company, in which the process ofcollecting data with historical data recording system usage reports monthly HD plastic.The purpose of this study was to determine inventory levels and determine strategies forcontrolling and planning of HD plastic packaging materials. By making MPS for 3 months, thenthe obtained forecasting production from December 2012 s/d in February 2013. The doughproduction amount of demand Adonan 32.543batch and demand of Cream 95.938batch.With the number of such requests, the need for plastic packaging materials as much HD plasticshort 24zak as same 7221.45Kg, equivalent to as much as 604.79Kg weekly demand. For HDplastic long needs 19zak as same 5610.86kg, equivalent to 467.57Kg weekly demand. By usingthe MRP method can determine the company's raw material procurement strategy for the next 3months. Thus the MRP method can be applied in the raw material requirement planning.
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Rahimi, Ali, Mikael Rönnqvist, Luc LeBel, and Jean-François Audy. "An optimization model for selecting wood supply contracts." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 4 (April 2020): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0281.

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Procurement for forest companies with pulp and paper mills aims to ensure that a sufficient volume of wood supply enters the production process. Numerous suppliers and contract types are available; however, their selection is a complex decision for procurement managers. In addition, managers typically dedicate a portion of their wood fiber demand to each group of suppliers, which is referred to as a portfolio strategy. Despite the available literature in contract selection, the consideration of contract types and their characteristics have not been addressed for the complex procurement process. In this study, a mixed-integer optimization model is proposed to best select contracts for pulp and paper procurement. The challenge was to plan deliveries in each time period to satisfy the demand of raw material at the mills. The potential of this model is demonstrated with a case study based on characteristics from a forest company in Quebec, Canada. A comparison between traditional fixed and flexible contracts is presented. Different portfolio strategies are also evaluated for groups of suppliers to investigate potential improvements.
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Reiner, Gerald, Werner Jammernegg, and Stefan Gold. "Raw material procurement with fluctuating prices using speculative inventory under consideration of different contract types and transport modes." International Journal of Production Research 52, no. 22 (April 7, 2014): 6557–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.903344.

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Choeriyah, Sahara Syarifatul, and Eko Budi Setiawan. "Supply Chain Management Implementation on Snacks Production Process." International Journal of New Media Technology 5, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ijnmt.v5i2.840.

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PQR’s company is a company that located in Citeureup Tasikmalaya. The company is engaged in the production of snacks such as mie lidi. The production strategy that used by this company is a make to stock. The company organizes activities from upstream to downstream. Activities that occur in the upstream is to procure raw materials to suppliers by purchasing department. However, some problem was found when the purchasing department has difficulty determining the amount of raw material for the procurement process. This is due to uncertain demand from distributors. While the activities in downstream is sending the product to distributor by shipping department. Some problem that occurs in the downstream were shipping department has difficulty to make schedule product shipments because there was a delay in the product delivery process. All problem occurs because there is no system that can manage supply chain information. So, the implementation of supply chain management by using the forecasting method of single moving average and calculation of sale limits of raw material and product inventory using safety stock method, it was expected to provide a solution to this problem.
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Widria, Yefni, Wini Trilaksani, and Eko Ruddy Cahyadi. "Evaluasi dan Pengembangan Sistem Manajemen Rantai Pasok Bandeng Segar (Chanos chanos) di Kota Bekasi, Jawa Barat." MANAJEMEN IKM: Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah 11, no. 2 (February 25, 2017): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/mikm.11.2.129-140.

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Case study is conducted towards 12 SME milkfish processors in Bekasi, at which its raw materials are originated from Karawang Regency through a fresh milkfish supply chain. The potentcy of Karawang Regency as a milkfish producer does not guarantee continuous availability of the raw materials. The objectives of this study were: (1) To evaluate supply chain; and (2) To compile a priority strategy of fresh milkfish supply chain management in Bekasi, West Java. Data collection was conducted by purposive and snowball sampling techniques, starting from SME processors, retailers and collective traders in Bekasi, to milkfish farmers in Ciparage Jaya Village, Tempuran Sub-District, Karawang Regency. The study used descriptive analysis, evaluation by comparing the activities of the members of the supply chain with the existing standards, Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The evaluation result showed there was gap between the activities of each supply chain member with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) namely (1) implementation of GMP and SSOP by SME processors, (2) means of transport and storage of fresh fish by collective trader and retailer, (3) good aquaculture practices by farmer and (4) supply chain management by all members along the supply chain. Based on the SWOT and AHP matrix analyses, the development strategies of supply chain by actor was (1) the formation of raw material procurement network and marketing network by SME processor (0.326); (2) the quality improvement of human resource by the government (0.249); (3) the formation of organizations by farmer (0.230), and (4) maintaining partnership in business procurement cost by collective trader (0.195).
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Benbouja, Mouad, Achraf Touil, Abdelwahed Echchatbi, and Abdelkabir Charkaoui. "Supply chain integration within mass customization: Tactical procurement, production and distribution modeling." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 14, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3182.

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Purpose: The actual market characteristic oriented toward customers’ requirements compels decision-makers to foresee customization abilities. Mass customization represents a valuable approach to combine customizable offers with mass production processes. From a supply chain standpoint, this paper attempts to develop an integrated procurement, production and distribution modeling to describe the generated framework structure formulation within tactical decision planning level.Design/methodology/approach: The paper provides a mixed integer linear programming model of a three echelon supply chain illustrated from the automotive industry with (a) customers: Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) identified as leaders and (b) first-tier supplier: wiring harnesses manufacturer (c) second-tier supplier: raw material supplier, identified as followers. The model formulation is depicted through dyadic relationships between stakeholders considering the specific operation enablers of the environment such as make to order, modular approach in addition to the corresponding inventory management policy.Findings: The integrated model is solved by an exact method which illustrates the feasibility of the formulation in addition to the observance of the applied constraints. A sensitivity analysis is performed to highlight the interdependency across some key parameters to provide managerial insights within the studied framework while keeping the optimal solvability of the model.Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this study is the computational experiment study. An extensive experiment with a real-word case will outline the optimal solvability status of the exact method and the necessity for a performance benchmark through the approximate solving approaches.Originality/value: The present research aims to contribute as first studies toward mathematical modeling for supply chain decision planning endeavor operating within mass customization business model.
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Chen, Yu, Liyuan Liu, Victor Shi, Yibin Zhang, and Jing Zhu. "The Optimization of a Virtual Dual Production-Inventory System under Dynamic Supply Disruption Risk." Complexity 2020 (December 24, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7067502.

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Major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, Olympic Games, and G20 Summit bring about supplier disruption risks and challenges to supply chain management. To help deal with these risks, a virtual dual-sourcing production-inventory system can be deployed. In this paper, we study such a system which consists of a raw material supplier, a manufacturer, and a virtual dual-sourcing contingency supplier. The manufacturer needs to determine the production, procurement, and inventory plan of raw materials. When its supplier is interrupted, the manufacturer may need to adjust the production and inventory plan and work with the contingency supplier. We develop a system dynamics method to simulate the operations in this production-inventory system to identify the approximately optimal order-up-to-level inventory policies. We find that the virtual dual production-inventory strategy can be the optimal contingency policy to deal with supplier dynamic disruption risks. Furthermore, for disruption risk with low frequency and long duration, the manufacturer should increase the safety inventory level before the disruption. Otherwise, it should increase the safety inventory level in every cycle.
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Nakatani, Jun, Tamon Maruyama, and Yuichi Moriguchi. "Revealing the intersectoral material flow of plastic containers and packaging in Japan." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 33 (August 3, 2020): 19844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001379117.

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The Japanese government developed a strategy for plastics and laid out ambitious targets including the reduction of 25% for single-use plastic waste and the reuse/recycling of 60% for plastic containers and packaging by 2030. However, the current usage situation of single-use plastics including containers and packaging, which should be a basis of the strategy, is unclear. Here, we identify the nationwide material flow of plastics in Japan based on input–output tables. Of the domestic plastic demand of 8.4 Mt in 2015, 1.6 and 2.5 Mt were estimated to be for containers and packaging comprising household and industry inflows, respectively, through the purchase/procurement of products, services, and raw materials. Considering the current amount of recycling collected from households (1.0 Mt) and industries (0.3 to 0.4 Mt), the reuse/recycling target has already been achieved if the goal is limited to household container and packaging waste, as is the focus of Japan’s recycling law. Conversely, the results indicate that it will be extremely difficult to reach the target collectively with industries. Therefore, it is essential that efforts be made throughout the entire supply chain. Food containers and packaging that flowed into the food-processing and food service sectors accounted for 15% of the inflow of containers and packaging into industries. Thus, the key to achieving the reuse/recycling target will comprise the collection of plastic food packaging from not only households but also the food industry. Furthermore, the collection of flexible plastic films used between industry sectors will put the target within reach.
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Karpenko, Vitalii. "ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY ENTERPRISES IN KHMELNYTSKYI REGION." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 5-6 (August 2020): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.5-6.15.

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Purpose. The aim of the article is to assess current state of development of dairy enterprises in Khmelnytskyi region on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of financial and economic activities. Methodology of research. The following methods are used in the research process: comparative analysis ‒ in assessing the general trends in the dynamics of indicators of the level of milk procurement, its processing, assessment of financial activities (sustainability) of milk processing enterprises; graphic ‒ when reflecting the production of basic dairy products, the trend of the coefficients of financial and economic activity and positioning of clusters of dairy enterprises; abstract and logical ‒ in preparing conclusions. Findings. The production of dairy products by enterprises of Khmelnytskyi region by types by years is analyzed. Key players - processors in the regional dairy market have been identified. Monitoring of raw material zones of some milk processing enterprises of Khmelnytskyi region is carried out. Indicators of financial and economic activity of dairy enterprises are estimated. The coefficients of financial and economic activity of milk processing enterprises of Khmelnytskyi region are analysed. The ranking of clusters of dairy enterprises for their positioning and development of a strategy for their further development is carried out. Originality. An integrated assessment of the financial condition of dairy enterprises in Khmelnytskyi region has been developed, which uses the main financial ratios of economic activity. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the formation of development strategy, as well as in determining the reserves of economic growth of dairy enterprises in Khmelnytskyi region. Key words: milk and dairy products market, production, raw material zone, financial condition, financial ratios, cluster, integrated assessment.
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Singh, Gaganpreet, and Neeraj Pandey. "ALLISCO: pricing multiple joint products." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 4 (July 10, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2014-0214.

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Subjectarea Pricing, Marketing Management, Strategic Marketing, Strategic Management. Studylevel/applicability The case can be used for a Pricing Course and Strategic Marketing, Marketing Management and Strategic Management courses delivered to post-graduate management programme (Master’s level) students and/or for Management Development Programme’s. Caseoverview Alliance Intercontinental Sourcing Company LLP (ALLISCO) manufactured Steel Blanks for clutch plates used in two- and three-wheeler automobiles. Steel Blank plates further underwent a processing phase which included coating with leather cover to form the finished clutch plate. The primary raw material used by ALLISCO for its manufacturing process was sheet metal. The processing of the principal raw material resulted in the production of three joint products. The first joint product was “Steel Blank”, the main product; the second joint product was “Inner Circle”, which may be classified as a by-product; the third joint product was the left-over waste material and could be categorized as sheet scrap. The approximate increase in procurement cost of 8 per cent had considerably impacted the firm’s profit margins. The dilemma that Rishabh Singla, Managing Partner, ALLISCO, now faced was how the increased differential could be distributed systematically among the three joint products. The challenge for ALLISCO was to preserve the percentage of gross profit margins by altering its existing pricing strategy. Expectedlearning outcomes Understand the concept of multiple joint products; learn about choosing appropriate pricing strategies to price multiple joint products; comprehend how value-based pricing can extract untapped profits; and understand the importance of retaining gross profit margins (%). Supplementarymaterials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Sutarmin and Dadang Prasetyo Jatmiko. "Value chain analysis to improve corporate performance: a case study of essential oil export company in Indonesia." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 3 (September 23, 2016): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3-1).2016.04.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the value chain, the main activities, and supporting activities as well as cost driver activity of one essential oil export company in Central Java. This research is a case study using the survey method (ex post facto). Primary data were collected by in-depth interviews and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Secondary data were taken from natural materials purchasing department and finance department and controlling. Based on the research, the authors found that the main activity of the company consists of Supply, Purchasing/Procurement, Production Planning, Manufacturing, Materials, Quality Control (QC), Research and Development (R & D), Sales and Marketing and Customer activities. While supporting activities (support) consist of Personal and General Affair (P & GA), Information Technology (IT), Administration, Quality Assurance (QA) and Maintenance activities. Based on the value chain analysis (VCA), the company has Purchasing and R & D activities as the main activity of which is a characteristic that distinguishes the generic value chain of Porter. Purchasing a company with a cost driver activity expenditure composition of 85.6%. Clove oil is the dominant raw material of 78.26%. Based on this research, the authors, then, put forward some suggestions as follows: firstly, doing further research with the identification and analysis of internal and external factors, in order to know the internal strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by the company. Second, analyzing company’s competitive position and the selection of alternative strategies to formulate strategies that can enhance the competitive advantage of companies. Keywords: value chain analysis, main activity, supporting activity, cost driver. JEL Classification: M21, M41
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Bag, Surajit, Shivam Gupta, and Arnesh Telukdarie. "Importance of innovation and flexibility in configuring supply network sustainability." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 9 (November 29, 2018): 3951–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2017-0132.

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PurposeThe alignment of procurement strategy with overall business strategy is important for superior firm performance. It is also essential for firms’ purchasing structure to fit the purchasing strategy whether it is cost reduction; value analysis and/or improving delivery and increasing flexibility for achieving superior purchasing performance. The purpose of this paper is to scientifically examine the influence of organization culture (OC), green supplier development (GSD), supplier relationship management, flexibility and innovation on sustainability in supply network (SSN) under the moderation effect of institutional pressures and resources availability.Design/methodology/approachThe study is grounded by integrating institutional theory (IT) and resource-based view (RBV) theory. The study empirically tests the conceptual model through survey data gathered from 175 respondents in the KwaZulu-Natal province of Southern Africa using structural equation modeling which is a multivariate data analysis technique that permits to simultaneously examine many relationships among manifest and latent variables.FindingsIt was found that OC plays a crucial role in shaping the workforce behavior and responsible for enhancing GSDs and building good relationship with suppliers which ultimately results into increased flexibility and innovativeness. Coercive pressures (CPs) play a moderating role between the causal relationship of innovation and SSN. Therefore, CPs have got the ability to amplify or reverse the effect between innovation and SSNs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suffers from few limitations. First, the study is restricted to one particular province in South Africa. Second, cross-sectional data were used for testing of model in the research study.Practical implicationsThe findings are of great importance for both the researchers and supply chain practitioners. Supply chain practitioners may use this knowledge for benchmarking the supply network configuration process and continuously improve the process. The tested model actually shows the mechanism for enhancing SSNs. In today’s dynamic and uncertain business environment, all firms in the supply network aims to minimize risks and maximize profitability. The findings show that CPs play a moderating effect on the relationship between innovation and SSN. Whenever government authorities and institutions pressurize firms for minimizing pollution levels, we see a trend of increased innovations in the form of new product developments, usage of eco-friendly raw material and application of eco-friendly technology which ultimately minimizes the carbon footprint. Through such initiatives steel and engineering firms conform to the government norms and regulations. However, innovations are possible through collaboration with specialist suppliers and sub-suppliers by adopting a common standard across the supply network. Through this overall process of innovation, the focal firm and sub-suppliers linked in the network will benefit and ultimately achieve a competitive edge. Therefore, firms can experience multiple benefits in terms of lower development costs, lower project cycle completion time, improvement in design for re-manufacturability, low downtime, low supply risks, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and, ultimately, sustainable development.Originality/valueThe study is unique from dual perspective – both in terms of scope and contribution to supply chain management literature. First, the study integrates flexibility and innovation to study the impact on SSNs. Second, it integrates both IT and RBV theory of firm to test the moderation effect and the findings further opens up window for future research.
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Waal, Maaike De, and Sebastiaan Knippenberg. "On the reconstruction of prehistoric social territories: The La Désirade lithic workshops and the distribution of La Désirade chert (French West Indies)." Journal of Lithic Studies 7, no. 2 (February 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.3061.

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The widespread presence of raw materials suitable for the production of stone tools on the south-eastern part of La Désirade, a small island east of Guadeloupe (French West Indies), is an interesting feature as these materials cannot be obtained on most of the neighbouring limestone islands. Small amounts of lithic off-site material have been found all over the south-eastern part of La Désirade, indicating that this area was incidentally used for the exploitation of local raw materials for the production of lithic artefacts. Concentrated and repeated activity, related to the exploitation of La Désirade chert, took place at four lithic workshops. This paper aims to reconstruct social and economic patterns, which may shed a light on prehistoric Amerindian territoriality and mobility, based on the exploitation and distribution of this local raw material. An inventory was made of sites where La Désirade chert was exploited and worked and of sites where this material showed up in the form of worked items. The La Désirade chert has been found in several prehistoric site assemblages outside La Désirade itself. However, it turns out to have a very restricted distribution, not exceeding 30 km distances from the raw material occurrences. The authors concluded that exploiting these sources may have been embedded in the general procurement strategy of the seafaring communities involved and that the observed distribution may demonstrate the extent of the territory of closely related communities that exploited a similar catchment area.
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"The Archaeology and Paleoecology of the Aubrey Clovis Site (41DN479) Denton County, Texas." Index of Texas Archaeology Open Access Grey Literature from the Lone Star State, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21112/ita.2001.1.37.

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This report contains the results of interdisciplinary investigations of the Aubrey Clovis Site (41DN479}, located at Lake Ray Roberts, Denton County, Texas, and conducted by the Center for Environmental Archaeology, University of North Texas for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District. Exposed by construction of the artificial outlet channel for the reservoir, the site is a multi-cluster complex of archaeological features and artifact-fauna! concentrations buried 7-9 meters below the flood plain of the Elm Fork Trinity River. The Clovis-age materials are geologically situated on a paleo surface within a 14 m thick sequence of late Quaternary deposits, associated with spring, lacustrine, alluvial and colluvial sedimentary environments. A stratigraphically consistent set of 23 radiocarbon ages establishes a sound chronometric frame for these deposits between 1.6 Ka and 14.2 Ka. The Clovis occupations are directly dated by two radiocarbon ages of ca. 11,550 Ka determined on charcoal from a hearth. These ages are securely bracketed by stratigraphically and numerically consistent ages above and below, within the period of ca. 12,300 to 10,940 Ka. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions for the periods before, during and after Clovis occupations have been afforded by pollen, insects, mollusks, vertebrate faunas as well as sedimentary and geochemical data. In the early post-glacial period, the site environs was a cool grassland with moderate effective precipitation, that evolved towards significantly warmer and drier conditions prior to Clovis occupations. The environment ameliorated at about the time of occupations, but exhibited a maximum of Late Quaternary mammalian biodiversity. Clovis artifacts and faunas occur in multiple clusters, including ·camps 8 and F" that contain ca. 9,800 lithic artifacts, over 4,000 fauna! remains and features including hearths, lithic concentrations and a pit considered to be a well. These concentrations were adjacent to a Clovis-age pond and river. Bison bones and associated artifacts indicate a butchering (and "kill"?) locus on the pond shore opposite Camp 8 . Subsistence data from the camps indicate exploitation of a broad set of animals, ranging from mega-mammals (Bison and possibly Mammoth) down to small game, fish and birds. Lithic artifacts show procurement from a minimum of almost 200 km from the site, with materials dominated by Tecovas quartzite, white Novachert and Edwards chert, and including chalcedony, Alibates chert, and Morrison or Dakota sandstone. The assemblage is dominated by repair and maintenance debris associated with bifacial and unifacial tools. Latest stage manufacture is indicated for a biface(s), while all other activities were apparently performed with only resharpening/ repair of other stone tools. Detailed spatial patterning indicates quite well differentiated activities within and between these occupation clusters. Overall, the uniquely detailed record of Clovis occupations at Aubrey registers an adaptive strategy characterized by high mobility, broad exploitation of dispersed, variable resources, long-distance raw material procurement coupled with efficient blank and tool depletion, and a probable combination of functional flexibility and strong within group task differentiation and integration.
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López Mazz, José María, Óscar Marozzi, and Diego Aguirrezábal. "Lithic raw material procurement for projectiles points in the prehistory of Uruguay." Journal of Lithic Studies 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.v2i1.1171.

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Prieto, Alejandro, Alvaro Arrizabalaga, and Iñaki Yusta. "Lithic Raw Material in the Cantabrian Region: Dialectical relationship between flint and quartzite in the Palaeolithic record." Journal of Lithic Studies 8, no. 1 (March 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/jls.4334.

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The increase, in quantitative and qualitative terms, of research attending to the geological nature of rocks found in archaeological contexts is changing our perspectives about social and economic territories articulated by Palaeolithic societies in the Cantabrian Region. Practically the only raw material researched in a solid geoarchaeological approach in this area is flint. This paper addresses how the near absence of in-depth geoarchaeological research into raw materials other than flint is modifying our perception of the procurement and management mechanism of raw material in the Cantabrian Region during the Palaeolithic. To consider this matter in depth, we present the bibliographic and quantitative analysis of 30 representative archaeological sites from the Cantabrian Region whose assemblages were described lithologically using basic and primary categories. The state of play depicts a geographic distribution of raw material in the Cantabrian Region where quartzite is associated with the western sector and flint with the east. Interconnected with this axis, there is a chronological tendency that promotes standardisation in the use of flint by Palaeolithic societies following a chronological order, from the older to the more recent periods. This information, and its contextualisation with the new perspectives resulting from the application of the geoarchaeological proposal used to understand flint procurement, allows us to understand the general tendencies of raw material distribution of the region. Especially, we can detect how the absence of geoarchaeological methodologies of other raw materials than flint has modified the perception of the economic and social dynamics articulated around raw material by Palaeolithic people. This bias does not only affect the geographical and chronological axes, emphasising information from the regions and periods where flint is represented, but also promotes the over-interpretation of long-distance procurement, therefore, building up narratives exclusively based on human mobility. This situation has generated an incomplete and unbalanced picture of the procurement and management strategies followed by Palaeolithic societies because quartzite, the second most-often used lithic raw material, and other raw materials have only been studied using geoarchaeological methods within the last few years. This research finally points to the continuation of in-depth research of quartzite and other raw materials as the next steps to re-interpret the current paradigms about procurement and management of raw material by Palaeolithic societies, and, therefore, modify our perspectives of social and economic territories. The research presented here addresses this situation and proposes the in-depth research of quartzite as the next step to re-interpret the current paradigms about procurement and management of raw material by Palaeolithic societies, and, therefore, modify our perspectives of social and economic territories. To do so, we have proposed a general raw material framework in the Cantabrian Region based on the 30 most representative sites whose assemblages were described lithologically using basic and primary categories. The state of the art depicted a geographic distribution of raw material in the Cantabrian Region where quartzite is associated with the western sector and flint with the east. Interconnected with this axis, there is a chronological tendency that promotes standardisation in the use of flint by Palaeolithic societies following a chronological order, from the older to the more recent periods. This information, and its contextualisation with the new perspectives resulting from the application of the geoarchaeological proposal used to understand flint procurement, allows us to understand the bias derived by the absence of geoarchaeological methodologies of other raw materials than flint. These biases are not only related with the geographical and chronological axes, emphasising information from the regions and periods where flint is represented, but also with the overinterpretation of long-distance procurement, therefore, promoting narratives exclusively based on human mobility.
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