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Journal articles on the topic 'Lithium metal anode'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zheng, Hao Ran. "Lithium Dendrite Growth Process and Research Progress of its Inhibition Methods." Materials Science Forum 1027 (April 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1027.42.

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Metal lithium anodes, with extremely high specific capacity, low density, and lowest potential, are considered to be the most promising anode materials for next-generation high-energy density batteries. However, in the process of repeated plating and stripping of lithium, lithium dendrites are easily grown on the surface of the metal lithium anode, which greatly reduces the capacity of the battery, even causes hidden safety risks and shortens the battery life. This paper reviews the modification methods of lithium anodes based on the growth process of lithium dendrites, and introduces several current modification methods, including electrolyte additives, artificial SEI and new structure of lithium anodes. Finally, the future research direction and development trend of metal lithium anodes are prospected.

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2

Wang, Hansen, Yayuan Liu, Yuzhang Li, and Yi Cui. "Lithium Metal Anode Materials Design: Interphase and Host." Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2, no. 4 (October 12, 2019): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00054-2.

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Abstract Li metal is the ultimate anode choice due to its highest theoretical capacity and lowest electrode potential, but it is far from practical applications with its poor cycle lifetime. Recent research progresses show that materials designs of interphase and host structures for Li metal are two effective ways addressing the key issues of Li metal anodes. Despite the exciting improvement on Li metal cycling capability, problems still exist with these methodologies, such as the deficient long-time cycling stability of interphase materials and the accelerated Li corrosion for high surface area three-dimensional composite Li anodes. As a result, Coulombic efficiency of Li metal is still not sufficient for full-cell cycling. In the near future, an interphase protected three-dimensional composite Li metal anode, combined with high performance novel electrolytes might be the ultimate solution. Besides, nanoscale characterization technologies are also vital for guiding future Li metal anode designs. Graphic Abstract

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3

Yang, Xinxia, Yi Peng, Jia Hou, Yifan Liu, and Xian Jian. "A review for modified Li composite anode: Principle, preparation and challenge." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0120.

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Abstract As the most common energy storage technology on the market, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various industries and have a profound impact on our daily lives, with the characteristics of high voltage, high capacity, good safety performance, and long cycle life. Lithium metal was first used in the anode of lithium-ion batteries. However, the inherent growth of lithium dendrites and the instability of the SEI film limit the practical application of lithium metal materials. Despite this, lithium metal is still an ideal anode material to meet the growing demands for electronic equipment and electric vehicles due to its extremely high theoretical specific capacity, low density, and the lowest negative electrochemical potential. With the urgent need to develop new energy storage technologies, the research on lithium metal anodes has once again received extensive attention. In this review, the research progress in the modification of composite lithium metal electrode materials is summarized, including lithium/alloy composite electrode, lithium/carbon-based materials composite electrode and artificial SEI film. The possible directions for future development of lithium metal electrode are also prospected.

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4

Zu, Chenxi, Nasim Azimi, Zhengcheng Zhang, and Arumugam Manthiram. "Insight into lithium–metal anodes in lithium–sulfur batteries with a fluorinated ether electrolyte." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 28 (2015): 14864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta03195h.

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Control of polysulfide shuttling and stabilization of lithium anodes are accomplished using a fluorinated electrolyte without cathode confinement or oxidizing additives. The formation of a lithium-surface SEI with hierarchical compositions suppresses parasitic reactions and preserves the anode quality.

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5

Ahmad, Zeeshan, Zijian Hong, and Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan. "Design rules for liquid crystalline electrolytes for enabling dendrite-free lithium metal batteries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 43 (October 9, 2020): 26672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008841117.

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Dendrite-free electrodeposition of lithium metal is necessary for the adoption of high energy-density rechargeable lithium metal batteries. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism of using a liquid crystalline electrolyte to suppress dendrite growth with a lithium metal anode. A nematic liquid crystalline electrolyte modifies the kinetics of electrodeposition by introducing additional overpotential due to its bulk-distortion and anchoring free energy. By extending the phase-field model, we simulate the morphological evolution of the metal anode and explore the role of bulk-distortion and anchoring strengths on the electrodeposition process. We find that adsorption energy of liquid crystalline molecules on a lithium surface can be a good descriptor for the anchoring energy and obtain it using first-principles density functional theory calculations. Unlike other extrinsic mechanisms, we find that liquid crystals with high anchoring strengths can ensure smooth electrodeposition of lithium metal, thus paving the way for practical applications in rechargeable batteries based on metal anodes.

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6

Lin, Liangdong, Feng Liang, Kaiyuan Zhang, Hongzhi Mao, Jian Yang, and Yitai Qian. "Lithium phosphide/lithium chloride coating on lithium for advanced lithium metal anode." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 32 (2018): 15859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05102j.

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7

Li, Bo-Quan, Xiao-Ru Chen, Xiang Chen, Chang-Xin Zhao, Rui Zhang, Xin-Bing Cheng, and Qiang Zhang. "Favorable Lithium Nucleation on Lithiophilic Framework Porphyrin for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes." Research 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/4608940.

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Lithium metal constitutes promising anode materials but suffers from dendrite growth. Lithiophilic host materials are highly considered for achieving uniform lithium deposition. Precise construction of lithiophilic sites with desired structure and homogeneous distribution significantly promotes the lithiophilicity of lithium hosts but remains a great challenge. In this contribution, a framework porphyrin (POF) material with precisely constructed lithiophilic sites in regard to chemical structure and geometric position is employed as the lithium host to address the above issues for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes. The extraordinary lithiophilicity of POF even beyond lithium nuclei validated by DFT simulations and lithium nucleation overpotentials affords a novel mechanism of favorable lithium nucleation to facilitate uniform nucleation and inhibit dendrite growth. Consequently, POF-based anodes demonstrate superior electrochemical performances with high Coulombic efficiency over 98%, reduced average voltage hysteresis, and excellent stability for 300 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2, 1.0 mAh cm−2 superior to both Cu and graphene anodes. The favorable lithium nucleation mechanism on POF materials inspires further investigation of lithiophilic electrochemistry and development of lithium metal batteries.

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8

Li, Bo-Quan, Xiao-Ru Chen, Xiang Chen, Chang-Xin Zhao, Rui Zhang, Xin-Bing Cheng, and Qiang Zhang. "Favorable Lithium Nucleation on Lithiophilic Framework Porphyrin for Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anodes." Research 2019 (January 6, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4608940.

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Lithium metal constitutes promising anode materials but suffers from dendrite growth. Lithiophilic host materials are highly considered for achieving uniform lithium deposition. Precise construction of lithiophilic sites with desired structure and homogeneous distribution significantly promotes the lithiophilicity of lithium hosts but remains a great challenge. In this contribution, a framework porphyrin (POF) material with precisely constructed lithiophilic sites in regard to chemical structure and geometric position is employed as the lithium host to address the above issues for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes. The extraordinary lithiophilicity of POF even beyond lithium nuclei validated by DFT simulations and lithium nucleation overpotentials affords a novel mechanism of favorable lithium nucleation to facilitate uniform nucleation and inhibit dendrite growth. Consequently, POF-based anodes demonstrate superior electrochemical performances with high Coulombic efficiency over 98%, reduced average voltage hysteresis, and excellent stability for 300 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2, 1.0 mAh cm−2 superior to both Cu and graphene anodes. The favorable lithium nucleation mechanism on POF materials inspires further investigation of lithiophilic electrochemistry and development of lithium metal batteries.

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9

Li, Sipei, Han Wang, Julia Cuthbert, Tong Liu, Jay F. Whitacre, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "A Semiliquid Lithium Metal Anode." Joule 3, no. 7 (July 2019): 1637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.05.022.

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10

Yang, Chunpeng, Lei Zhang, Boyang Liu, Shaomao Xu, Tanner Hamann, Dennis McOwen, Jiaqi Dai, et al. "Continuous plating/stripping behavior of solid-state lithium metal anode in a 3D ion-conductive framework." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 15 (March 26, 2018): 3770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719758115.

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The increasing demands for efficient and clean energy-storage systems have spurred the development of Li metal batteries, which possess attractively high energy densities. For practical application of Li metal batteries, it is vital to resolve the intrinsic problems of Li metal anodes, i.e., the formation of Li dendrites, interfacial instability, and huge volume changes during cycling. Utilization of solid-state electrolytes for Li metal anodes is a promising approach to address those issues. In this study, we use a 3D garnet-type ion-conductive framework as a host for the Li metal anode and study the plating and stripping behaviors of the Li metal anode within the solid ion-conductive host. We show that with a solid-state ion-conductive framework and a planar current collector at the bottom, Li is plated from the bottom and rises during deposition, away from the separator layer and free from electrolyte penetration and short circuit. Owing to the solid-state deposition property, Li grows smoothly in the pores of the garnet host without forming Li dendrites. The dendrite-free deposition and continuous rise/fall of Li metal during plating/stripping in the 3D ion-conductive host promise a safe and durable Li metal anode. The solid-state Li anode shows stable cycling at 0.5 mA cm−2 for 300 h with a small overpotential, showing a significant improvement compared with reported Li anodes with ceramic electrolytes. By fundamentally eliminating the dendrite issue, the solid Li metal anode shows a great potential to build safe and reliable Li metal batteries.

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11

Qiu, Hailong, Tianyu Tang, Muhammad Asif, Wei Li, Teng Zhang, and Yanglong Hou. "Stable lithium metal anode enabled by lithium metal partial alloying." Nano Energy 65 (November 2019): 103989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103989.

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12

Cheng, Yifeng, Jinbiao Chen, Yuanmao Chen, Xi Ke, Jie Li, Yong Yang, and Zhicong Shi. "Lithium Host:Advanced architecture components for lithium metal anode." Energy Storage Materials 38 (June 2021): 276–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.03.008.

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13

Yuan, Huadong, Jianwei Nai, He Tian, Zhijin Ju, Wenkui Zhang, Yujing Liu, Xinyong Tao, and Xiong Wen (David) Lou. "An ultrastable lithium metal anode enabled by designed metal fluoride spansules." Science Advances 6, no. 10 (March 2020): eaaz3112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3112.

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The lithium metal anode (LMA) is considered as a promising star for next-generation high-energy density batteries but is still hampered by the severe growth of uncontrollable lithium dendrites. Here, we design “spansules” made of NaMg(Mn)F3@C core@shell microstructures as the matrix for the LMA, which can offer a long-lasting release of functional ions into the electrolyte. By the assistance of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, we reveal that an in situ–formed metal layer and a unique LiF-involved bilayer structure on the Li/electrolyte interface would be beneficial for effectively suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the spansule-modified anode affords a high Coulombic efficiency of 98% for over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 mA cm−2, which is the most stable LMA reported so far. When coupling this anode with the Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 cathode, the practical full cell further exhibits highly improved capacity retention after 500 cycles.

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14

Zhuang, Zilong, Yating Tang, Bowei Ju, and Feiyue Tu. "In situ synthesis of graphitic C3N4–poly(1,3-dioxolane) composite interlayers for stable lithium metal anodes." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 9 (2021): 2433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se00212k.

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A g-C₃N₄–poly(1,3-dioxolane) (CN–PDOL) composite interlayer was in situ synthesized by polymerization upon a lithium metal anode. The synergistic effect could increase the electrochemical performance of the lithium metal anode.

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15

Gabrisch, H., R. Yazami, and B. Fultz. "Lattice defects in LiCoO2." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760002866x.

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Rechargeable Lithium ion batteries are widely used as portable power source in communication and computer technology, prospective uses include medical implantable devices and electric vehicles. The safety and cycle life of Li ion batteries is improved over that of batteries containing metallic lithium anodes because the insertion of Li between the crystal layers of both electrodes was proved to be safer than the electroplating of Li onto a metallic Lithium anode. in Li-ion batteries, the charge transport is governed by the oscillation of Li ions between anode and cathode. They are sometimes called “rocking-chair“ batteries. The most common materials for these batteries are lithiated carbons for anodes, and transition metal oxides (LixCoO2) as cathodes.LixCoO2 has an ordered rhombohedral Rm structure consisting of alternating layers of Co-O-Li-O-Co. The capacity and energy density of the batteries is limited by the amount of Li that can be stored in the anode and cathode materials.

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16

Yu, Han, Jian Xie, Na Shu, Fei Pan, Jianglin Ye, Xinyuan Wang, Hong Yuan, and Yanwu Zhu. "A Sponge-Driven Elastic Interface for Lithium Metal Anodes." Research 2019 (September 15, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/9129457.

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The lithium (Li) metal is one promising anode for next generation high-energy-density batteries, but the large stress fluctuation and the nonuniform Li deposition upon cycling result in a highly unstable interface of the Li anode. Herein, a simple yet facile engineering of the elastic interface on the Li metal anodes is designed by inserting a melamine sponge between Li and the separator. Driven by the good elasticity of the sponge, the modified Li anode maintains a Coulombic efficiency of 98.8% for 60 cycles and is cyclable at 10 mA cm-2 for 250 cycles, both with a high capacity of 10 mA h cm-2. We demonstrate that the sponge can be used to replace the conventional polypropylene as a porous yet elastic separator, showing superior cycling and rate performance as well. In addition to the efficiency of the elastic interface on the cycling stability, which is further confirmed by an in situ compression-electrochemistry measurement, the porous structure and polar groups of the sponge demonstrate an ability of regulating the transport of Li ions, leading to a uniform deposition of Li and the suppression of Li dendrites in cycling.

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17

Sun, Fang, Zhiyuan Tan, Zhengguang Hu, Jun Chen, Jie Luo, Xiaoling Wu, Guoan Cheng, and Ruiting Zheng. "Ultrathin Silicon Nanowires Produced by a Bi-Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching Method for Highly Stable Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes." Nano 15, no. 06 (June 2020): 2050076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020500769.

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Silicon is widely studied as a high-capacity lithium-ion battery anode. However, the pulverization of silicon caused by a large volume expansion during lithiation impedes it from being used as a next generation anode for lithium-ion batteries. To overcome this drawback, we synthesized ultrathin silicon nanowires. These nanowires are 1D silicon nanostructures fabricated by a new bi-metal-assisted chemical etching process. We compared the lithium-ion battery properties of silicon nanowires with different average diameters of 100[Formula: see text]nm, 30[Formula: see text]nm and 10[Formula: see text]nm and found that the 30[Formula: see text]nm ultrathin silicon nanowire anode has the most stable properties for use in lithium-ion batteries. The above anode demonstrates a discharge capacity of 1066.0[Formula: see text]mAh/g at a current density of 300[Formula: see text]mA/g when based on the mass of active materials; furthermore, the ultrathin silicon nanowire with average diameter of 30[Formula: see text]nm anode retains 87.5% of its capacity after the 50th cycle, which is the best among the three silicon nanowire anodes. The 30[Formula: see text]nm ultrathin silicon nanowire anode has a more proper average diameter and more efficient content of SiOx. The above prevents the 30[Formula: see text]nm ultrathin silicon nanowires from pulverization and broken during cycling, and helps the 30[Formula: see text]nm ultrathin silicon nanowires anode to have a stable SEI layer, which contributes to its high stability.

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18

Qian, Jiangfeng, Brian D. Adams, Jianming Zheng, Wu Xu, Wesley A. Henderson, Jun Wang, Mark E. Bowden, Suochang Xu, Jianzhi Hu, and Ji-Guang Zhang. "Anode-Free Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries." Advanced Functional Materials 26, no. 39 (August 18, 2016): 7094–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201602353.

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19

Liu, Haodong, Xiujun Yue, Xing Xing, Qizhang Yan, Jason Huang, Victoria Petrova, Hongyao Zhou, and Ping Liu. "A scalable 3D lithium metal anode." Energy Storage Materials 16 (January 2019): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2018.09.021.

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20

Wang, Xianshu, Zhenghui Pan, Jie Yang, Zhiyang Lyu, Yaotang Zhong, Guangmin Zhou, Yongcai Qiu, Yuegang Zhang, John Wang, and Weishan Li. "Stretchable fiber-shaped lithium metal anode." Energy Storage Materials 22 (November 2019): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.01.013.

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21

Shi, Feifei, Allen Pei, Arturas Vailionis, Jin Xie, Bofei Liu, Jie Zhao, Yongji Gong, and Yi Cui. "Strong texturing of lithium metal in batteries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 46 (October 30, 2017): 12138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708224114.

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Lithium, with its high theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrochemical potential, has been recognized as the ultimate negative electrode material for next-generation lithium-based high-energy-density batteries. However, a key challenge that has yet to be overcome is the inferior reversibility of Li plating and stripping, typically thought to be related to the uncontrollable morphology evolution of the Li anode during cycling. Here we show that Li-metal texturing (preferential crystallographic orientation) occurs during electrochemical deposition, which governs the morphological change of the Li anode. X-ray diffraction pole-figure analysis demonstrates that the texture of Li deposits is primarily dependent on the type of additive or cross-over molecule from the cathode side. With adsorbed additives, like LiNO3 and polysulfide, the lithium deposits are strongly textured, with Li (110) planes parallel to the substrate, and thus exhibit uniform, rounded morphology. A growth diagram of lithium deposits is given to connect various texture and morphology scenarios for different battery electrolytes. This understanding of lithium electrocrystallization from the crystallographic point of view provides significant insight for future lithium anode materials design in high-energy-density batteries.

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22

Tang, Wei, Xuesong Yin, Zhongxin Chen, Wei Fu, Kian Ping Loh, and Guangyuan Wesley Zheng. "Chemically polished lithium metal anode for high energy lithium metal batteries." Energy Storage Materials 14 (September 2018): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2018.05.009.

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23

Zhao, Qiang, Xiaoge Hao, Shiming Su, Jiabin Ma, Yi Hu, Yong Liu, Feiyu Kang, and Yan-Bing He. "Expanded-graphite embedded in lithium metal as dendrite-free anode of lithium metal batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 26 (2019): 15871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta04240g.

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24

Pathirana, Thushan, Robert Kerr, Maria Forsyth, and Patrick C. Howlett. "Application of super-concentrated phosphonium based ionic liquid electrolyte for anode-free lithium metal batteries." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 16 (2021): 4141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se00724f.

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Anode-free lithium metal batteries based on ionic liquid electrolytes offer an excellent pathway to significantly boost the energy density and specific energy over current lithium-ion technology by eliminating the anode material during cell assembly.

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25

Zhang, Yongguang, Yan Zhao, Kyung Eun Sun, and P. Chen. "Development in Lithium/Sulfur Secondary Batteries." Open Materials Science Journal 5, no. 1 (December 2, 2011): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01105010215.

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This paper reviews different modification methods to cathode, anode and electrolyte materials in view of their electrochemical properties for application in lithium/sulfur batteries. In the sulfur electrode, carbonaceous materials, conductive polymer materials, and metal oxide adsorbing materials are employed to enhance conductivity and reduce polysulfide dissolution. The effects of anodes and novel electrolytes, such as gel polymer, solid polymer and solid ceramic electrolytes, are reviewed.

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26

Li, Junhao, Ningyi Jiang, Jinyun Liao, Yufa Feng, Quanbing Liu, and Hao Li. "Nonstoichiometric Cu0.6Ni0.4Co2O4 Nanowires as an Anode Material for High Performance Lithium Storage." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020191.

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Transition metal oxide is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Generally, the electrochemical property of transition metal oxides can be improved by optimizing their element components and controlling their nano-architecture. Herein, we designed nonstoichiometric Cu0.6Ni0.4Co2O4 nanowires for high performance lithium-ion storage. It is found that the specific capacity of Cu0.6Ni0.4Co2O4 nanowires remain 880 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, exhibiting much better electrochemical performance than CuCo2O4 and NiCo2O4. After experiencing a large current charge and discharge state, the discharge capacity of Cu0.6Ni0.4Co2O4 nanowires recovers to 780 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, which is ca. 88% of the initial capacity. The high electrochemical performance of Cu0.6Ni0.4Co2O4 nanowires is related to their better electronic conductivity and synergistic effect of metals. This work may provide a new strategy for the design of multicomponent transition metal oxides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

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Moon, Sehwan, Orapa Tamwattana, Hyeokjun Park, Gabin Yoon, Won Mo Seong, Myeong Hwan Lee, Kyu-Young Park, Nonglak Meethong, and Kisuk Kang. "A bifunctional auxiliary electrode for safe lithium metal batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 43 (2019): 24807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08032e.

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28

Assegie, Addisu Alemayehu, Cheng-Chu Chung, Meng-Che Tsai, Wei-Nien Su, Chun-Wei Chen, and Bing-Joe Hwang. "Multilayer-graphene-stabilized lithium deposition for anode-Free lithium-metal batteries." Nanoscale 11, no. 6 (2019): 2710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06980h.

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Xu, Nan, Linlin Li, Yi He, Yang Tong, and Yingying Lu. "Understanding the molecular mechanism of lithium deposition for practical high-energy lithium-metal batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 13 (2020): 6229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta01044h.

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Interaction energy between Li and the anode substrate, the diffusion barrier of Li ion near the anode substrate, and the morphology of the substrate are found to be the critical factors to achieve uniform lithium deposition.

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Zhong, Yiren, Fang Lin, Maoyu Wang, Yifang Zhang, Qing Ma, Julia Lin, Zhenxing Feng, and Hailiang Wang. "Metal Organic Framework Derivative Improving Lithium Metal Anode Cycling." Advanced Functional Materials 30, no. 10 (January 23, 2020): 1907579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201907579.

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31

Fu, Lin, Mintao Wan, Bao Zhang, Yifei Yuan, Yang Jin, Wenyu Wang, Xiancheng Wang, et al. "Lithium Metal Anodes: A Lithium Metal Anode Surviving Battery Cycling Above 200 °C (Adv. Mater. 29/2020)." Advanced Materials 32, no. 29 (July 2020): 2070218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202070218.

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32

Jansen, Tobias, David Blass, Sven Hartwig, and Klaus Dilger. "Processing of Advanced Battery Materials—Laser Cutting of Pure Lithium Metal Foils." Batteries 4, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries4030037.

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Due to the increasing demand for high-performance cells for mobile applications, the standards of the performance of active materials and the efficiency of cell production strategies are rising. One promising cell technology to fulfill the increasing requirements for actual and future applications are all solid-state batteries with pure lithium metal on the anode side. The outstanding electrochemical material advantages of lithium, with its high theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh/g and low density of 0.534 g/cm3, can only be taken advantage of in all solid-state batteries, since, in conventional liquid electrochemical systems, the lithium dissolves with each discharging cycle. Apart from the current low stability of all solid-state separators, challenges lie in the general processing, as well as the handling and separation, of lithium metal foils. Unfortunately, lithium metal anodes cannot be separated by conventional die cutting processes in large quantities. Due to its adhesive properties and toughness, mechanical cutting tools require intensive cleaning after each cut. The presented experiments show that remote laser cutting, as a contactless and wear-free method, has the potential to separate anodes in large numbers with high-quality cutting edges.

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33

Grey, Clare P., and Steve G. Greenbaum. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Lithium-Ion Battery Materials." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 8 (August 2002): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.197.

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AbstractSolid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been employed to characterize a variety of phenomena that are central to the functioning of lithium and lithium-ion batteries. These include Li insertion and de-insertion mechanisms in carbonaceous and other anode materials and in transition-metal oxide cathodes, and ion-transport mechanisms in polymer and gel electrolytes. Investigations carried out over the last several years by the authors and other groups are reviewed in this article. Results for lithium manganese oxide spinel cathodes, carbon-based and SnO anodes, and polymer and gel electrolytes are discussed.

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34

Yao, Pengcheng, Qiyuan Chen, Yu Mu, Jie Liang, Xiuqiang Li, Xin Liu, Yang Wang, Bin Zhu, and Jia Zhu. "3D hollow reduced graphene oxide foam as a stable host for high-capacity lithium metal anodes." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 2 (2019): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qm00499d.

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35

Takehara, Zen-ichiro. "Future prospects of the lithium metal anode." Journal of Power Sources 68, no. 1 (September 1997): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(96)02546-3.

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36

沈, 晓魏. "Research Progress of Lithium Metal Anode Protection." Hans Journal of Nanotechnology 11, no. 03 (2021): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/nat.2021.113020.

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37

Kaskel, Stefan, Qiang Zhang, and Xueliang Sun. "Lithium Metal Anode: Processing and Interface Engineering." Batteries & Supercaps 4, no. 5 (April 2021): 690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/batt.202100068.

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38

Huang, Zhijia, Debin Kong, Yunbo Zhang, Yaqian Deng, Guangmin Zhou, Chen Zhang, Feiyu Kang, Wei Lv, and Quan-Hong Yang. "Vertical Graphenes Grown on a Flexible Graphite Paper as an All-Carbon Current Collector towards Stable Li Deposition." Research 2020 (July 11, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/7163948.

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Lithium (Li) metal has been regarded as one of the most promising anode materials to meet the urgent requirements for the next-generation high-energy density batteries. However, the practical use of lithium metal anode is hindered by the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites, resulting in poor cycling stability and severe safety issues. Herein, vertical graphene (VG) film grown on graphite paper (GP) as an all-carbon current collector was utilized to regulate the uniform Li nucleation and suppress the growth of dendrites. The high surface area VG grown on GP not only reduces the local current density to the uniform electric field but also allows fast ion transport to homogenize the ion gradients, thus regulating the Li deposition to suppress the dendrite growth. The Li deposition can be further guided with the lithiation reaction between graphite paper and Li metal, which helps to increase lithiophilicity and reduce the Li nucleation barrier as well as the overpotential. As a result, the VG film-based anode demonstrates a stable cycling performance at a current density higher than 5 mA cm-2 in half cells and a small hysteresis of 50 mV at 1 mA cm-2 in symmetric cells. This work provides an efficient strategy for the rational design of highly stable Li metal anodes.

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Shin, Woochul, Kang Pyo So, William F. Stickle, Cong Su, Jun Lu, Ju Li, and Xiulei Ji. "An ethyl methyl sulfone co-solvent eliminates macroscopic morphological instabilities of lithium metal anode." Chemical Communications 55, no. 23 (2019): 3387–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc00046a.

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Yan, Chong, Xin‐Bing Cheng, Yang Tian, Xiang Chen, Xue‐Qiang Zhang, Wen‐Jun Li, Jia‐Qi Huang, and Qiang Zhang. "Lithium Metal Anodes: Dual‐Layered Film Protected Lithium Metal Anode to Enable Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition (Adv. Mater. 25/2018)." Advanced Materials 30, no. 25 (June 2018): 1870181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201870181.

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Kang, Hyunseo, Minkyu Song, MinHo Yang, and Jae-won Lee. "Lithium metal anode with lithium borate layer for enhanced cycling stability of lithium metal batteries." Journal of Power Sources 485 (February 2021): 229286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229286.

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42

Sun, Changzhi, Tian Wu, Jianing Wang, Wenwen Li, Jun Jin, Jianhua Yang, and Zhaoyin Wen. "Favorable lithium deposition behaviors on flexible carbon microtube skeleton enable a high-performance lithium metal anode." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 39 (2018): 19159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06828c.

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43

Aryanfar, Asghar, Daniel J. Brooks, Agustín J. Colussi, and Michael R. Hoffmann. "Quantifying the dependence of dead lithium losses on the cycling period in lithium metal batteries." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 45 (2014): 24965–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03590a.

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Fu, Sha, Lan-Lan Zuo, Peng-Sheng Zhou, Xue-Jiao Liu, Qiang Ma, Meng-Jie Chen, Jun-Pei Yue, Xiong-Wei Wu, and Qi Deng. "Recent advancements of functional gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium–metal batteries." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 14 (2021): 5211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qm00096a.

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Li, Tao, He Liu, Peng Shi, and Qiang Zhang. "Recent progress in carbon/lithium metal composite anode for safe lithium metal batteries." Rare Metals 37, no. 6 (May 15, 2018): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12598-018-1049-3.

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Chen, Xiao‐Ru, Bo‐Quan Li, Cheng Zhu, Rui Zhang, Xin‐Bing Cheng, Jia‐Qi Huang, and Qiang Zhang. "A Coaxial‐Interweaved Hybrid Lithium Metal Anode for Long‐Lifespan Lithium Metal Batteries." Advanced Energy Materials 9, no. 39 (September 3, 2019): 1901932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201901932.

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Gao, Hongcai, Nicholas S. Grundish, Yongjie Zhao, Aijun Zhou, and John B. Goodenough. "Formation of Stable Interphase of Polymer-in-Salt Electrolyte in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries." Energy Material Advances 2020 (December 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/1932952.

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The integration of solid-polymer electrolytes into all-solid-state lithium batteries is highly desirable to overcome the limitations of current battery configurations that have a low energy density and severe safety concerns. Polyacrylonitrile is an appealing matrix for solid-polymer electrolytes; however, the practical utilization of such polymer electrolytes in all-solid-state cells is impeded by inferior ionic conductivity and instability against a lithium-metal anode. In this work, we show that a polymer-in-salt electrolyte based on polyacrylonitrile with a lithium salt as the major component exhibits a wide electrochemically stable window, a high ionic conductivity, and an increased lithium-ion transference number. The growth of dendrites from the lithium-metal anode was suppressed effectively by the polymer-in-salt electrolyte to increase the safety features of the batteries. In addition, we found that a stable interphase was formed between the lithium-metal anode and the polymer-in-salt electrolyte to restrain the uncontrolled parasitic reactions, and we demonstrated an all-solid-state battery configuration with a LiFePO4 cathode and the polymer-in-salt electrolyte, which exhibited a superior cycling stability and rate capability.

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Gao, Hongcai, Nicholas S. Grundish, Yongjie Zhao, Aijun Zhou, and John B. Goodenough. "Formation of Stable Interphase of Polymer-in-Salt Electrolyte in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries." Energy Material Advances 2021 (January 7, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/1932952.

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Abstract:

The integration of solid-polymer electrolytes into all-solid-state lithium batteries is highly desirable to overcome the limitations of current battery configurations that have a low energy density and severe safety concerns. Polyacrylonitrile is an appealing matrix for solid-polymer electrolytes; however, the practical utilization of such polymer electrolytes in all-solid-state cells is impeded by inferior ionic conductivity and instability against a lithium-metal anode. In this work, we show that a polymer-in-salt electrolyte based on polyacrylonitrile with a lithium salt as the major component exhibits a wide electrochemically stable window, a high ionic conductivity, and an increased lithium-ion transference number. The growth of dendrites from the lithium-metal anode was suppressed effectively by the polymer-in-salt electrolyte to increase the safety features of the batteries. In addition, we found that a stable interphase was formed between the lithium-metal anode and the polymer-in-salt electrolyte to restrain the uncontrolled parasitic reactions, and we demonstrated an all-solid-state battery configuration with a LiFePO4 cathode and the polymer-in-salt electrolyte, which exhibited a superior cycling stability and rate capability.

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Jeong, Jooyoung, Jinyoung Chun, Won-Gwang Lim, Won Bae Kim, Changshin Jo, and Jinwoo Lee. "Mesoporous carbon host material for stable lithium metal anode." Nanoscale 12, no. 22 (2020): 11818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr02258f.

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Lin, Cheng, Aihua Tang, Hao Mu, Wenwei Wang, and Chun Wang. "Aging Mechanisms of Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/104673.

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Electrode material aging leads to a decrease in capacity and/or a rise in resistance of the whole cell and thus can dramatically affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the aging phenomena are extremely complicated to describe due to the coupling of various factors. In this review, we give an interpretation of capacity/power fading of electrode-oriented aging mechanisms under cycling and various storage conditions for metallic oxide-based cathodes and carbon-based anodes. For the cathode of lithium-ion batteries, the mechanical stress and strain resulting from the lithium ions insertion and extraction predominantly lead to structural disordering. Another important aging mechanism is the metal dissolution from the cathode and the subsequent deposition on the anode. For the anode, the main aging mechanisms are the loss of recyclable lithium ions caused by the formation and increasing growth of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the mechanical fatigue caused by the diffusion-induced stress on the carbon anode particles. Additionally, electrode aging largely depends on the electrochemical behaviour under cycling and storage conditions and results from both structural/morphological changes and side reactions aggravated by decomposition products and protic impurities in the electrolyte.

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