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Journal articles on the topic 'Lithological cutting'
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1
Duan, Mingyu, Lefei Shao, Qibai Huang, Chenlin Wang, Xuefeng Li, and Yizhe Huang. "Peak Cutting Force Estimation of Improved Projection Profile Method for Rock Fracturing Capacity Prediction with High Lithological Tolerance." Coatings 12, no. 9 (2022): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12091306.
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Prediction of rock fracturing capacity demands particular requirements for the exploitation of mineral resources, especially for the parameter design of conical pick performance for hard rock fragmentation, which must take into account differences in rock mechanical properties. Among these parameters, the peak cutting force (PCF) is important in designing, selecting, and optimizing the cutting head of mining equipment and a cutability index of rocks. Taking high lithological tolerance as demand traction, this study proposes a theoretical model for estimating the peak cutting force of conical picks based on the improved projection profile method for which the influence of alloy head, pick body structure, and installation parameters are taken into consideration. Besides, experimental results corresponding to different numbers of rock samples are used to verify the accuracy and stability of the theoretical model. Meanwhile, the comparison of performance in cutting force estimation between this model and four other existing theoretical models is conducted. The results found that the new method has the highest correlation coefficient with the experimental results and the lowest root mean square error comparing with other models, i.e., the estimation performance of this method has high lithological tolerance when the rock type increases and the lithology changes. Consequently, the proposed peak cutting force estimation of improved projection profile method will provide a more valid and accurate prediction for rock fracturing capacity with large differences in rock mechanical properties.
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Situmeang, Edberg, Djayus Djayus, Wahidah Wahidah, Supriyanto Supriyanto, and Piter Lepong. "Penentuan Litologi Batuan di Daerah Samboja Berdasarkan Analisis Pemodelan 3D Data Cutting dan Data Logging Geofisika." GEOSAINS KUTAI BASIN 6, no. 2 (2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/geofisunmul.v6i2.1087.
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The interpretation of rock lithology is inaccurate if it only uses cutting data, so it must be assisted with other data, including logging data. The purpose of this study was to determine the lithological arrangement of rocks based on cutting data and logging data and to compare the cross section results of cutting data and logging data. This study uses cutting data and logging data (gamma ray log and density log). Cutting data and logging data will be interpreted and processed into 2D and 3D sections which are corrected with topographical data including coordinates, elevation values, strike dip and total depth. The results of processing from both methods, obtained lithology composition in the form of soil, silt, sand, coal, clay, carbon and carbont clay.
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Efetobore, Maju-Oyovwikowhe Gladys, and Eguagie Michael Owenvbiugie. "Lithostratigraphic Characterization and Petroleum System Elements of the MI Well, Niger Delta Basin." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 16 (2023): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i164137.
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This study presents a comprehensive lithostratigraphic characterization of the MI Well in the Niger Delta Basin through microscopic examination of ditch cutting samples. The aim was to identify the lithological units and assess the presence and distribution of petroleum system elements. A total of seventy-two samples ranging in depth from 4500ft-11460ft (1372m-3493m) were analyzed, revealing four lithological units: sandstone, shale, sandy shale, and shaly sand. Through interpretation of the lithological log, the cap/seal rock, reservoir rock, and probable source rock units were identified. The lithostratigraphic model generated from the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the depth intervals and lithological properties of the identified units. The cap/seal rock, with a thickness of approximately 460ft, was found to be the top-most shale lithology. The reservoir rock, comprising sandstone, sandy shale, and shaly sand lithologies, has a thickness of around 1920ft. The lowermost massive shale lithology, approximately 3540ft thick, is interpreted as the probable source rock for the petroleum system. These findings have significant implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production in the Niger Delta Basin. The identification of lithological units and their respective roles as cap/seal, reservoir, and source rocks allows for a better assessment of the hydrocarbon potential in the MI Well. The lithostratigraphic model, along with the established lithozones, offers valuable insights for regional correlation and comparison with other wells in the basin.
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Guevara, Saúl-E., William-M. Agudelo, Dany Rueda, et al. "Seismic and lithological near surface characteristics of an area in north-east Colombia." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 4, no. 1 (2010): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.433.
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The seismic image of deep rock, interesting for the petroleum industry, can be distorted by the heterogeneous near-surface layers, characterized by low wave propagation velocity. The conventional methods used in counteracting this effect seem less effective in complex areas with rough topography such asthose commonly found in Colombia, which are also affected by stronger tropical weathering. Characterizationof the near-surface layer was conducted in this work with the purpose to investigate these relationships. Geological and geophysical methods were applied using data from a 2D seismic survey performed in the Catatumbo area of Colombia and seismic data and cutting samples analysis from a couple of 60 m depth wells (downhole surveys), drilled at rough surface locations. Wave propagation velocities were calculated by the application of tomography and refraction. Visual and laboratory assays such as granulometry and mineralogy were used in the analysis of the cutting samples. It was then possible to relate physical and lithological characteristics with properties of seismic response. Differences between the seismic response and the geological description were also observed and some uncertainties were identified.
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Rădan, Sorin-Corneliu, and Silviu Rădan. "Ecohydrological applications in southeastern Romania wetlands based on a magneto-lithological tool." Geo-Eco-Marina No 16/2010 (December 31, 2010): 47–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57827.
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Modern sediments have been sampled from the most important wetlands in the southeastern Romania, i.e. Danube Delta, Razim (Razelm) – Sinoie Lagoonal Complex and the Black Sea Littoral Zone. Composite models are illustrated and the correlations between the magnetic susceptibility (MS; k) values and the main lithological components (i.e. total organic matter/TOM, carbonate/CAR and mineral-siliciclastic/SIL, respectively) are analysed. The quality of proxy environmental parameter of the magnetic susceptibility to reveal distinguishing features for different lithological characters is discussed. Besides, the data show the connection with the distinct position of the lakes related to the fluvial supplies, to the hydrodynamic context or to the specific source-areas. Moreover, it is analysed how the changes of the ecohydrological conditions in the Western Meşteru – Fortuna Depression (by digging a new canal) or along a Danube Delta distributary (by cutting-off its meanders) are reflected by the enviromagnetic fingerprints recovered from the bottom sediments.
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Abdulmalik, Nana Fatima, and Isiaka Ibrahim Ahmed. "Lithological and Structural Mapping of Basement Rock Units in the Ikara North-Central Basement Complex, Nigeria." UMYU Scientifica 3, no. 4 (2024): 182–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.016.
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Study’s Excerpt The lithological and structural composition of the Ikara North-Central Basement Complex in Nigeria is investigated. Detailed field and petrographic analyses were carried out to identify the rock types of the area. The geological map of the area is updated. Full Abstract The lithological and structural architecture to unravel the compositions and tectonic evolution of the Nigerian Basement Complex has not been fully documented by geoscientists. As such, this research aimed to investigate the lithological and structural characteristics of the Ikara North-Central Basement Complex. Detailed petrographic and field analysis reveals the prevalence of gneiss and granite lithologies characterized by significant structural features such as fractures, folds, and foliations. These findings offer new understandings of the tectonic evolution of the region. The study area mapped is the Ikara Sheet 103 Federal Survey Topographic Sheet to a scale of 1:100,000. The major lithological units underlying the study area are gneisses and granites. However, these major rock types have varieties, namely migmatitic gneiss, granite gneiss, migmatitic (augen) gneiss, porphyroblastic gneiss, medium to coarse-grained granites, and porphyritic granites. These rock types were intruded by quartzites, pegmatitic dykes, quartz, and aplite veins. Rock samples were observed and studied based on their mineralogical composition, color, and texture. The results of the petrographic analysis showed that the rocks are mainly composed of quartz, plagioclase feldspars, alkali feldspars, mica (biotite and muscovite), hornblende, garnet, and accessory minerals like zircon and magnetite. Geological structures were also observed during the field study, namely fractures (joints and fractures), foliations, lineations, veins, dykes, and various landforms. Photomicrographs from thin section analyses revealed micro-structures like myrmekites, micro-folds, and micro-fractures were also observed. Mineralization such as amethyst and cassiterite were hosted by quartz veins and pegmatites in porphyritic granites, respectively. A litho-structural map was produced, exhibiting the lithological units and regional structures cross-cutting the area of research.
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Zhang, Yihao, Zhongbing Li, and Xiong Han. "Rock cutting image recognition based on color and texture feature fusion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2901, no. 1 (2024): 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2901/1/012026.
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Abstract In the realm of oil exploration, there is an increasing demand for precise lithological analysis, particularly in the rapid and accurate identification of fine rock cutting images. Therefore, a novel rock cutting image recognition method based on the fusion of color and texture features is proposed. This method utilizes the color histogram and grayscale co-occurrence matrix techniques to extract color and texture features from target images, respectively. Compared with the traditional single-feature recognition methods, this integrated feature method can greatly improve the accuracy of fragment recognition and ensure more accurate fragment classification by designing the feature fusion structure of the fragment image feature set. The model is established by using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier to realize the automatic classification and recognition of cuttings images. This not only reduces the time and labor intensity of manual operation, but also improves the efficiency and speed of cuttings analysis, which meets the needs of modern efficient drilling operations. More detailed and accurate stratigraphic data can be provided by high precision rock chip identification and lithology analysis. These data have important reference value for geologists to analyze stratigraphic structure and distribution, determine the location and distribution of underground oil and gas layers, and optimize drilling decisions and operation plans. Experimental results show that the method achieves an overall recognition accuracy of more than 90% in the task of detecting 126 rock chip images for conglomerate, 153 for mudstone, and 150 for sandstone, and up to 94% for mudstone and sandstone. It is proved that the recognition method proposed in this paper can better classify sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate in rock chips with high recognition accuracy.
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Fatahillah, Hilmi El Hafidz, Putri Natari Ratna, Fardy Septiawan, et al. "Identification of Volcanic Breccia Formation Distribution in Relation to Groundwater Aquifer Potential Using 3D Resistivity Data Modelling." Jurnal Lingkungan dan Bencana Geologi 14, no. 3 (2024): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.34126/jlbg.v14i3.484.
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Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method has been widely used in environmental surveys including hydrogeology study to provide images of the subsurface resistivity distribution. In this study, ERT survey using Wenner - Schlumberger electrode configuration was conducted to investigate the distribution of groundwater aquifer potential in the area dominated by various weathered volcanic rocks that unconformably overlaid limestone formation. The resistivities were measured using ARES resistivity meter each with total of 48 electrodes. The resistivity data were then processed using the robust inversion method that is more optimal to characterize sharp lithological boundary transitions observed in the study area. The resistivity value of the inverted model is interpreted into three different lithologies, namely soil (1.82-5 Ωm), volcanic breccias (5-20 Ωm) and limestone (>20 Ωm). This lithological interpretation was confirmed by borehole cutting report from the nearby well, regional geological map, and direct geological observation. Further, the inverted ERT section along with geological observation indicated volcanic breccias as an aquifer potential in the study area. The 2D resistivity cross-section is then gridded to obtain a 3D model of the potential aquifer geometry. From the model, the volume of volcanic breccia which is suspected as an potential aquifer layer is estimated at 122,392,828 m3.
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Yatsyshyn, Andriy, and Andriy Bogucki. "Lithological characteristic of the riverbed alluvium of the sixth terrace of the Dnister–Stryvihor in the Dubrivka section (Forecarpathians)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 348–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8656.
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The main lithological characteristics of riverbed facies of alluvium of the sixth terrace above the floodplain of the Dnister-Stryvihor Rivers (Loyeva level) near Sambir were analysed. The granulometric and petrographic composition of the gravelly-pebble material, its roundness, form and the orientation of grains were characterised. Lithological analyses helped to determine that investigated layer of alluvium are poorly sorted. The three main components of alluvial strata (pebbles, gravel and sand-loamy filler) are present in approximately comparable proportions. Boulders are least common in the composition the alluvium. Coarse material is preferably well and medium rounded. Poorly and very well rounded fragments happen considerably rarely. The preferred direction of transport of fragment materials was Northwest–Southeast. Its direction is approximate to the current of modern Stryvihor. The fragments of the Carpathian rocks (sandstones, siltstones and silicates) dominate in a petrographic composition of coarse-grained alluvial deposits. That means that the Carpathians were the main source of supply of clastic material during the formation of investigated strata of alluvium. The rocks of local origin, which is involved from the bed of alluvium during the cutting of paleoStryvihor in the thickness of pre-Quaternary rocks of the Carpathian Foredeep, were mixed with the fragments of the Carpathian rocks in small amounts. The results of lithological studies show that paleo-Stryvihor accumulated the alluvial strata of Dubrivka section after that time when it had cut into the socle of Torhanovychi terrace up to 8–10 m before the deposition of alluvium. In other words, the preserved fragment of Loyeva level between the villages Torhanovychi and Dubrivka that is on the Dnister-Stryvihor interfluves consists of two terraces of different ages. One of them is a hypsometric higher and older Torhanovychi terrace, which was formed by paleo-Dnister River, and the other one is a hypsometric lower and respectively younger Dubrivka terrace, which was formed by paleo-Stryvihor River. Key words: alluvium, granulometric composition, petrographic composition, roundness of grains, sandstones, siltstones, silicates, gaizes, current of palaeochannel, Loyeva level.
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LICOUR, Luciane, Pascal GODERNIAUX, Nicolas DUPONT, et al. "Stratigraphical reinterpretation of Devonian strata underlying the Mons Basin based on cuttings from the Saint-Ghislain borehole, Hainaut, Belgium." Geologica Belgica 23, no. 1-2 (2020): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.002.
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It is revealed that the lowest 1010 m of the Saint-Ghislain borehole (-4393 to -5403 m), of which cuttings are available, constitutes a crucial source of information to investigate, amongst others, the deep geothermal potential within the Brabant Parautochthon, underlying the Mons Basin, Hainaut. The lithological succession of this interval was reconstructed based mainly on visual analysis and calcimetry of 852 cutting samples as well as four cored sections. Additionally, palynological, magnetic susceptibility and X-ray diffraction analyses were conducted in order to complement the dataset. The lower section of the investigated borehole sequence mainly consists of grey calcareous shale while the middle section is dominated by blue-grey shaly limestone and the upper section is mainly composed of green shale. Palynomorphs found at -5261 m suggest a latest Givetian–Early Frasnian age. A new lithostratigraphical interpretation of the deepest part of the Saint-Ghislain borehole is proposed. The lower calcareous shale from ‑5403 to ‑5100 m is interpreted as the Bovesse Formation (Lower Frasnian) and at its base possibly uppermost Givetian. The overlying limestones from -5100 to -4790 m can be attributed to the Rhisnes Formation (Upper Frasnian), and the green shale between ca. -4393 and -4790 m, to the Bois de la Rocq Member (Famennian). These results open new insights regarding the geological interpretation of the basement underlying the Mons Basin. They also present a promising approach and example regarding interpretations based on cuttings.
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Salam Subhi Hameed, Amera Ismail Hussein, and Ayyed Hussein Ward. "Assessment of rock Slope Stability on Shaqlawa – qoysinjaq Road, North Eastern Iraq by using kinematic analysis." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 28, no. 1 (2023): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i1.1265.
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This study aims to assess the stability of the rock slopes on both sides of the road linking (Shaqlawa- qoysinjaq) to some of the exposed geological formations within the northeastern limb of the Safin anticline (Qamchuqa, Bakhma, Shiranish), where (6) stations were selected and a classification was made. An engineering description of the rock layers through a comprehensive survey of the study area, the results of the kinematic analysis by the kinematic analysis software (DIPS) showed that the possible percentage failures were represented by rock toppling (83.33%), planar sliding by (58.33%) and then wedge sliding by percentage (83.34%), By studying the factors affecting the stability of slopes in the region, it was found that the main factor causing the failures is the result of cutting the fold for the purpose of road construction, in addition to the structural and lithological factors.
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Edegbai, A.J and Eghobamien L.O. "A Hypothesis on the Origin of Warm Groundwater 50KM NW of Benin City, Southern Nigeria." JOURNAL OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6, no. 1 (2024): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10823050.
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<em>The discovery of warm groundwater (about 52<sup>0</sup>C) in Ofumwengbe community, near Benin City, Nigeria provides a strong impetus for this study, which seeks to provide a geological explanation of its origin. Eighty-Four (84) ditch cutting samples were obtained from three (03) groundwater wells drilled into aquifers within the Imo Formation, which underlies the study area. The methodology employed involves lithologic description, acid test to estimate calcite content as well as bulk geochemistry (25 samples analysed with CNS analyser) and elemental analysis (20 samples analysed with sodium peroxide fusion and ICP-OES and ICP-MS techniques). The results obtained show that the Imo Formation is dominated by light grey mudstones and subordinate sand units with varying degrees of effervescence. The average Uranium (U) and Thorium (Th) concentration in the samples are 4.37ppm and 9.4ppm respectively. The mean Total Carbon, Total Inorganic Carbon Total Organic Carbon (TOC) are 2.54 wt. %, 1.45 wt. % and 1.15 wt. % respectively. The observed lithological and geochemical characteristics suggest a proximal shallow marine paleoenvironment with oxic bottom waters, which agrees with data published by other researchers. Furthermore, the observed TOC, U, and Th data, the negative covariation between TOC vs. U, and Th indicate that the mudstones are not radioactive, and cannot by itself generate the heat observed in the warm groundwater. We hypothesize that a deeper heat source (perhaps the basement) transmitted heat through the fault systems of the Benin hinge line, which was subsequently trapped by the thick low thermal conductivity mudstones of the Imo Formation, ultimately warming up the water within the sand aquifer system of the Imo Formation.</em>
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Madokoro, Hirokazu, Kodai Sato, Stephanie Nix, Shun Chiyonobu, Takeshi Nagayoshi, and Kazuhito Sato. "OutcropHyBNet: Hybrid Backbone Networks with Data Augmentation for Accurate Stratum Semantic Segmentation of Monocular Outcrop Images in Carbon Capture and Storage Applications." Sensors 23, no. 21 (2023): 8809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218809.
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The rapid advancement of climate change and global warming have widespread impacts on society, including ecosystems, water security, food production, health, and infrastructure. To achieve significant global emission reductions, approximately 74% is expected to come from cutting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in energy supply and demand. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has attained global recognition as a preeminent approach for the mitigation of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, primarily by means of capturing and storing CO2 emissions originating from fossil fuel systems. Currently, geological models for storage location determination in CCS rely on limited sampling data from borehole surveys, which poses accuracy challenges. To tackle this challenge, our research project focuses on analyzing exposed rock formations, known as outcrops, with the goal of identifying the most effective backbone networks for classifying various strata types in outcrop images. We leverage deep learning-based outcrop semantic segmentation techniques using hybrid backbone networks, named OutcropHyBNet, to achieve accurate and efficient lithological classification, while considering texture features and without compromising computational efficiency. We conducted accuracy comparisons using publicly available benchmark datasets, as well as an original dataset expanded through random sampling of 13 outcrop images obtained using a stationary camera, installed on the ground. Additionally, we evaluated the efficacy of data augmentation through image synthesis using Only Adversarial Supervision for Semantic Image Synthesis (OASIS). Evaluation experiments on two public benchmark datasets revealed insights into the classification characteristics of different classes. The results demonstrate the superiority of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), specifically DeepLabv3, and Vision Transformers (ViTs), particularly SegFormer, under specific conditions. These findings contribute to advancing accurate lithological classification in geological studies using deep learning methodologies. In the evaluation experiments conducted on ground-level images obtained using a stationary camera and aerial images captured using a drone, we successfully demonstrated the superior performance of SegFormer across all categories.
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Power, M. R., D. Pirrie, J. Jedwab, and C. J. Stanley. "Platinum-group element mineralization in an As-rich magmatic sulphide system, Talnotry, southwest Scotland." Mineralogical Magazine 68, no. 2 (2004): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461046820194.
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AbstractArsenic-rich magmatic sulphide mineralization is hosted by a diorite intrusion at Talnotry, southwest Scotland. A relatively abundant and diverse platinum-group mineral assemblage is present and is dominated by sperrylite, irarsite and electrum with subordinate merenskyite, michenerite and froodite. Early euhedral gersdorffite is enriched with respect to Rh, Ir and Pt and in some cases contains exsolved blebs of irarsite or euhedral grains of sperrylite. Sperrylite is also enclosed within silicates and sulphides indicating that it crystallized directly from an As-rich sulphide liquid. Pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite mineral assemblages are consistent with the fractional crystallization of monosulphide solid solution and are overlain by PGE-, Ni- and As-rich mineral assemblages indicative of crystallization from a NiAs liquid. Late-stage, cross-cutting, electrum-bearing chalcopyrite veins are consistent with the crystallization of Cu- and Au-rich intermediate solid solution. The chemistry, mineralogy and lithological relationships of the diorite suggest that it may be an appinite and as such is potentially analogous to the Au-rich lamprophyre dykes present within southwest Scotland.
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Stanley, C. J., A. J. Criddle, and D. Lloyd. "Precious and base metal selenide mineralization at Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 376 (1990): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.376.13.
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AbstractPrecious and base metal selenide minerals have been identified in gold-bearing carbonate veins cutting Middle Devonian limestones of the Torquay Limestone Group at Hope's Nose, Torquay. The selenide assemblage consists of clausthalite (PbSe), tiemannite (HgSe), klockmannite (CuSe), umangite (Cu3Se2), tyrrellite (Cu,Co,Ni)3Se4, trustedtite (Ni3Se4), penroseite (NiSe2), naumannite (Ag2Se), eucairite (AgCuSe) and fischesserite (Ag3AuSe2), only clausthalite having previously been reported from Britain. They are associated with palladian gold, gold, hematite, and accessory pyrite and chalcopyrite in a gangue consisting predominantly of calcite; alteration products include cerussite, malachite, aragonite and goethite.The relative abundance of Au, Ag, Hg and Se is a characteristic feature in the uppermost parts of some precious metal ‘epithermal’ systems. The occurrence at Hope's Nose is related to both structural and lithological factors: a deep-seated NW-SE structural lineament, the Lundy-Sticklepath-Lustleigh-Torquay fault; local thrusting, and to an association of basic-intermediate igneous rocks with a sedimentary sequence including carbonaceous shales and limestones. The mineralization is considered to be post-Variscan, probably Permo-Triassic in age.
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M, Ismayilov. "Participation in the Cutting of Productive Layer Sediments of the Palchig Pilpilesi Structure to Build a 3D Geological Model of Separate Horizons and Layers to Increase the Efficiency of Field Development Analysis of Reservoir Indicators." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000370.
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The analysis of existing geological, geophysical researches and excavation works shows that, despite the fact that the Productive Layer (PG) sediments of the South Caspian Basin (SCB) have been the object of search and exploration for a long time, their hydrocarbon reserves have not been fully studied until now. Examination and summarization of geological-geophysical, drilling data, as well as the established 3D geological model show that the distribution of oil and gas deposits within local elevations is related to certain regularities. First of all, tectonic processes played a big role in the formation of these regularities. In the 3D geological modeling of the Palchig Pilpilesi deposit, the tectonic processes that took place in the sedimentation basin of the sedimentary complex, the development of uplifts, their complication with tectonic disturbances, and the effect of the change in the lithological composition and thickness of the horizons and layers that make up the productive layer section on the accumulation of hydrocarbon resources were considered.
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Ibukunoluwa Adeola, Samuel, John Adewole Adeola, and Victoria Abiola Dairo. "Foraminifera biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental studies of well-x, eastern Niger delta." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 9, no. 1 (2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v9i1.30991.
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Ditch cutting samples from Well-X drilled in the Eastern part of the Niger delta were subjected to biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental studies using micropaleontological analysis to identify the foraminifera present in the sections penetrated by the well.A total of 50 (fifty) foraminifera species made up of benthonic and planktic spp were recovered from the sections. The marker species identified are Globorotalia acostaensis, Globorotalia mernadii cultrate, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globorotalia plesiotumida, Globorotalia obesa, Globorotalia nepenthes, Sphaeroidinella subdehiscens, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerinoides sudquadratus.The four (4) biozones identified are N16 (Late Miocene 9.5Ma - 10.9Ma), N15-N14, N13-N12 and N12-N11 (Middle Miocene with corresponding ages 10.9Ma -11.8Ma, 11.8Ma-12.2Ma and 12.2Ma respectively).Using the encountered benthonic foraminiferal species, the paleoecology was determined; and it was revealed that the paleoenvironment of the section ranges from Inner Neritic to Outer Neritic Environment. Also, the lithological analysis revealed an intercalation of Shale, Mudstone and Sand which indicates various paleoecological episodes that led to their deposition.The age of the well was inferred from the bioevents of the marker species to be Middle Miocene to Late Miocene with the sparse occurrence of the Calcareous Benthic and the Plankonic species suggesting a shallow marine environment.
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COLŢOI, Octavian, Flori CULESCU, and Gilles NICOLAS. "GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SILURIAN ROCKS FROM THE EASTERN PART OF MOLDAVIAN PLATFORM (ROMANIA)." Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2021/016/152.
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The scope of this paper is to assess the hydrocarbon potential of Silurian, respectively, the maturity of this stratigraphical interval, based, especially, of the geological and geophysical data derived from eight boreholes located in the north-eastern part of Moldavian Platform - Romania. The main conclusion is that the organic matter contents measured in the core and cutting samples of the different wells are low with the Organic Carbon (TOC) (residual) mainly clearly lower than 1%. Due to the poorness of the sample and the high maturity the petroleum potential and organic matter cannot be assessed. Estimation of the initial TOC allows to differentiate a richer interval at 24 – 27m thick below the top of Silurian. It shows higher TOC with estimated initial TOC reaching 3.6 % weight at the most. The maturity is high and shows a rapid increase with depth between around 2% at 200m and 4% eq. VRr at 1100m. An estimation of the eroded cap-rock is of around 3000m. Mineral carbon content obtained from Rock Eval permits to separate two lithological intervals: carbonated in the upper part (thickness of 250-300m), argillaceous in the lower part.
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Barrera, Diana, and Juan Carlos Molano. "Characterization of hydrothermal events associated with the occurrence of copper-molybdenum minerals in the El Chucho creek at Cerrito, Valle del Cauca-Colombia." Earth Sciences Research Journal 25, no. 1 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v25n1.79152.
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At El Chucho creek, located to the west of the Valle del Cauca department in Colombia, some hydrothermal alterations affecting the Buga Batholith rocks and dykes of porphyritic quartz-dioritic and tonalitic composition were identified. These lithological units host mineral occurrences of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite that occur disseminated in the rocks or associated with quartz veinlets. The hydrothermal alterations identified were phyllic, propylitic, and, in minor quantity, potassic. The two firsts alterations’ distribution is related to structures and pervasive, whereas the last one seems restricted to contact zones of porphyritic dykes on tonalite. Microthermometric data were acquired i) on quartz veinlets of 1 cm thick over a phyllic alteration zone, and ii) on quartz veinlet of 1 cm thick with chalcopyrite ± molybdenite and copper silicates, both veinlets cutting the phaneritic tonalite. Those data suggest that the mineralizing fluids have an aqueous-saline chemical system and were trapped under low volatile content. The microthermal data allowed authors to identify two mineralizing events. One of them of higher temperature, with homogenization temperatures between 275°C-480°C; as the second event is characterized by lower homogenization temperatures that range from 100°C to 139°C.
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Wei, Hongyang, Xiujuan Liang, Shuhui Liu, Mingjun Liu, and Changlai Xiao. "Hydrochemical Evolution of Groundwater in Dehui, China." Water 12, no. 12 (2020): 3378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123378.
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Although Dehui City has excellent agricultural conditions, long-term large-scale over-cultivation and human activities in recent years have caused significant changes in the local groundwater chemical characteristics. This study analyzes the causes, evolution, and prediction of groundwater chemistry via multi-disciplinary theoretical cross-cutting methods, such as groundwater ion composition-ratio analysis and groundwater influencing factor analysis, and artificial neural networks. The lithological characteristics of the groundwater aquifer were combined with ion composition-ratio mapping to explore the cause of groundwater chemistry composition in the study area. Piper three-line diagrams and Gibbs diagrams were used to analyze the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater chemistry in the study area. Based on these data, time series predictions were made for hydrochemical data. The results demonstrate that the chemical origins of groundwater in the study area are mainly background stratum and cation exchange, influenced by human activities. The main factors of groundwater chemical characteristics have changed from rock weathering to evaporation/precipitation in the past two decades. The hydrochemical characteristics changed from secondary alkalinity to secondary salinity. The predicted data from long short-term memory neural networks indicated that groundwater would continue salinization without the changes in the conditions, leading to land degradation in the study area.
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Gunawan Tejakusuma, Iwan, Firman Prawiradisastra, Khori Sugianti, et al. "Characteristics of landslides induced by an earthquake from a hidden strike-slip active fault in the Cianjur Area of West Java." E3S Web of Conferences 447 (2023): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344701009.
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On November 21, 2022, the Cianjur area in West Java, Indonesia, experienced devastating landslides caused by a magnitude 5.6 earthquake, with the epicenter traced to a hidden active fault approximately 11 kilometers beneath the surface, known as the Cugenang Fault. This study investigates the post-disaster landslides and aims to discover the characteristics of the landslides triggered by this earthquake. The methodology involves literature review, lithology descriptions, landslide slip surface analysis, soil analysis, slope assessment, land cover and land use change examination, landslide orientation evaluation, and distance measurements to the earthquake's epicenter and the Cugenang fault. Drones aided spatial landslide analysis. The study highlights the strong link between intense shaking along the active fault and landslide occurrences. Due to lithological bedding control, these landslides all head southwest and are located 0.35 to 0.67 kilometres from the fault. The residual soil, highly weathered breccia, and possible tuff volcanic deposits, which act as a sliding plane, lie in a similar direction to the slope, creating a vulnerable setting for landslides. The morphology and exposures of the Sarampad and Rawacina landslides showed similar phenomena to liquefaction. Land use changes, including slope cutting without proper stabilization measures, contribute to landslides to a certain degree.
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Bretán, Dávid, Péter Szűcs, Rita Miklós, and Csaba Ilyés. "Feasibility of repurposing existing and abandoned hydrocarbon wells in the form of a geothermal well-triplet system." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 11, no. 2 (2021): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2021.2.1.
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There are various types of extraction and utilization possibilities of geothermal energy, of which a large group is energy recovery. The development of this sector is slow mainly due to its high initial investment demand and the long planning phase. The overall goal of the present research is cutting the cost of the drilling phase as the most expensive part of the establishment by repurposing unused and abandoned hydrocarbon wells. The article assesses the feasibility of a geothermal well-triplet system chosen to be the most promising technique amongst several utilization possibilities depending on the characteristics of both the geological media and the method itself. From the 14 examined abandoned wells three were found to be suitable based on their current condition and distance from each other. The mentioned technique requires an adequately porous and permeable media which was not provided by the initial depth of the wells, thus the considerable option left was to overdrill the existing wells till they reach the target geology, the known fractured karstic aquifer below. The current study summarizes the final results of a long going research, from the geographical-, lithological surveys till the potential heat-transport modeling. This article supports the final aspirations of a further going research project as an integral part of it carried out by the University of Miskolc.
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Еськова, Д. К., and О. И. Успенская. "THE PRESSURE BLADEMAKING TECHNIQUE IN THE NORTHWESTERN CAUCASUS IN THE EARLY HOLOCENE: FUNCTIONAL ASPECT (A CASE STUDY OF THE MATERIALS FROM THE DVOYNAYA CAVE UPPER LAYER)." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 273 (May 27, 2024): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.273.93-109.
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В статье обсуждается возможная взаимосвязь между техникой отжима и спецификой использования полученных с ее помощью пластинчатых сколов в раннем голоцене Северо-Западного Кавказа. Рассматривается выборка (96 предметов) из коллекции каменного инвентаря верхнего мезолитического слоя пещеры Двойной (литологический слой 4/5), сформированная в результате технологического анализа коллекции каменного инвентаря. Трасологический анализ позволил установить, что преобладающей функцией отжимных заготовок было их использование в качестве вкладышей составного метательного вооружения, колющих наконечников стрел, а также единично в качестве инструментов для обработки кости/рога, дерева и разделочных ножей. Результаты исследования позволяют предположить, что в раннем голоцене Северо-Западного Кавказа техника отжима использовалась, преимущественно, при производстве высокостандартизированных заготовок для оснащения составных пазовых орудий. The paper discusses possible correlation between the use of pressure technique use and the function of pressure-made bladelets / microbladelets in the Early Holocene of the Northwestern Caucasus. The sample of 96 pieces from the Upper Mesolithic layer of the Dvoynaya Cave (lithological layer 4/5) was studied. The sample was formed by means of the technological analysis. It was established that the pressure-made blanks were mainly used as the lateral inserts for composite slotted arrowheads, pointed arrowheads, and sometimes used as the tools for bone/antler and wood processing or cutting knives. The study results suggest that in the Early Holocene of the Northwestern Caucasus the pressure blademaking technique was mainly used for the production of highly standardized blanks for the composite slotted bone tools equipment. composite arrowheads with lateral insets или composite projectile tools with lateral inserts.
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Baral, Prakash. "Slope Stability Evaluation based on Empirical Methods and it’s Potential Remedy at Lesser Himalayan Zone (A Case Study of Bhalam-Hill Slope, Kaski)." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 10, no. 2 (2023): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v10i2.60199.
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The study area lies in Bhalam, Kaski district nearly 2 km from Batulechour main district road network near Gandarva community residing near Kali Khola river. The study area is comprises of several lithological factors. Field observation, sampling, lab analysis, geological survey with GPS, compass, geological hammer and tape are the main methods utilize to evaluate slope stability and possibility of failure in the study area. From the study it is found that there are few major discontinuities which play vital role in determining slope failure around the study area. The major failure due to discontinuity are planar failure, wedge failure and somewhere block failure. High ground water table approximately 0.06m, steep slope varying from 25° to 60°, improper road cutting, weathering of rock mass are major factor contributing to rock fall and landslide in the study area. The study also shows FOS<1(0.937 and 0.569) at two different places which is most critical and make slope unstable. SMR is calculated on the basis of RMRb, GSI is calculated on the basis of RQD and UCS is calculated on the basis of empirical methods which uses pulse velocity and porosity chart for determining related equation. The calculated value of RMRb, SMR and FOS shows less stability of study area along Bhalam-Batulechour road section near Kali- Khola river with possibility of impact on Bhalam road bridge and two lane road section. There need a corrective measure in slope for sustainable stability in the long run.
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A. Olatunji, Olubusayo, Edward A. Okosun, Usman S. Onoduku, and Yahya B. Alkali. "Lithological attributes of hd-001 well, shallow offshore, Niger delta basin, Nigeria." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 9, no. 1 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v9i1.31226.
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Lithological analysis was carried out on 96 ditch cuttings samples from HD-001 well located within the shallow offshore Niger delta basin, Nigeria. Three lithofacies sequences were delineated by the integration of wireline logs textural/lithologic attritudes and the distribution of index accessory minerals. They are transitional paralic, paralic and marine paralic sequences. The lithologic, textural and wireline log data indicate that the entire interval studied in the HD-001 well belongs to the Agbada Formation. The Formation is made up of alternating sand and shale units which suggests rapid shoreline progradation. The grain size increases from essentially fine to medium-grained at the basal part of the well to dominantly coarser grain at the upper part. The index accessories recognize shallow marine to coastal deltaic settings environment of deposition. Sand bodies which represent sub-environments within those settings are deposited in sequences. Each sequence begins with a transgressive phase followed by significant regressions.
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Bevins, R. E., G. J. Lees, R. A. Roach, G. Rowbotham, and P. A. Floyd. "Petrogenesis of the St David's Head Layered Intrusion, Wales: a complex history of multiple magma injection and in situ crystallisation." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 85, no. 2 (1994): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300003515.
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AbstractThe St David's Head Intrusion, exposed in North Pembrokeshire, is a tholeiitic sill up to 570 m thick, comprising principally mafic gabbros, which are in part layered. Layering varies from the centimetre to the metre scale. A range of gabbroic compositions is present, defining seven major petrological types, which are cut by thin silicic (aplitic) veins.Log–log plots of incompatible elements from the various lithological units indicate that all of the rocks in the intrusion are petrogenetically linked, although a variety of processes has been operative. Roach (1969) considered the quartz gabbros and dolerites, which form an envelope around the other units, to relate most closely to the parental composition. However, the least evolved compositions in the intrusion are from the xenolithic laminated olivine gabbros, although these mafic compositions are due primarily to the presence of abundant, mafic, cognate xenoliths. These xenoliths are thought to relate to an earlier episode of crystal accumulation in a high-level magma chamber. The various laminated gabbros reflect crystal accumulation in situ after magma emplacement, leading in certain layers to extreme enrichments in Fe, Ti, and V, related to high modal proportions of cumulus ilmenite. Further in situ crystallisation led to differentiation of the residual liquid, producing more silicic gabbros with well-developed granophyric textures, the granophyre reflecting the silicic residuum. Extreme differentiation, possibly combined with expulsion of silicic residual liquid during crystal accumulation and compaction, resulted in the cross-cutting aplite veins.Three different types of layering are present in the intrusion. Firstly, preferred orientation of tabular minerals in the laminated gabbro units is thought to result from discrete sedimentation episodes from a convecting magma chamber. Secondly, macrorhythmic modal layering up to 1 m thick consists of an alternation of relatively ilmenite-rich and ilmenite-poor layers in the laminated gabbro units, although the reason for the modal variation is not certain. Thirdly, a centimetre-scale felsic–mafic microrhythmic layering is present in the envelope quartz gabbros and dolerites, which is similar to the inch-scale layering in the Stillwater Igneous Complex. This layering is thought to relate to metasomatic reaction in the gabbro in the presence of water at a late magmatic stage. Overall, these various lithological units themselves define a large-scale layering in the intrusion.Combined, the petrological and geochemical data suggest that the St David's Head Intrusion was not emplaced in a single event. Rather, a series of magma pulses, of contrasting compositions but petrogenetically linked, was intruded. Some of the chemical variations now seen existed prior to emplacement, indicating the former presence of high-level crustal magma chambers, while other variations developed as a result of in situ crystallisation processes and related chemical differentiation.
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Nyamdorj, S. "CLASSIFICATION OF LOESS TYPE SOILS OF CENTRAL MONGOLIA BY INDIRECT SIGNS AND FOUNDATION DESIGNING ISSUES." Sciences of Europe, no. 92 (May 9, 2022): 74–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6532889.
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Quality assessment of Physical and mechanical properties of the loess type of sandy loam and loamy sand soil distributed in the Orkhon-Selenge region is growing to be more vital. In this region, the distribution of loess type soil in the top layer of soil is relatively low with a thickness of 4.0-10m and it shows subsiding effects due to techno genic saturation. With an intention to assess the saturated properties of soil, many linear regression equations are iterated in numerous laboratories and in the field. Furthermore, the cause of deformation of buildings constructed in the region was identified. The efficient use of structures of optimal foundation types in the region were recommended and conclusion has been made.
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Beyarslan, Melahat, and A. Feyzi Bingöl. "Petrology of a supra-subduction zone ophiolite (Elaz1g, Turkey)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37, no. 10 (2000): 1411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-041.
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The Elaz1g region in eastern Taurus, Turkey, exposes Paleozoic-Tertiary metamorphic, magmatic, and sedimentary units. Contacts between the different units are mostly tectonic, but there are also primary sedimentary, and intrusive contacts. The metamorphic rocks of the Elaz1g region are the Bitlis-Pütürge and Keban-Malatya massifs, which are a single tectonostratigraphic unit that has been tectonically disrupted and fragmented during the Upper Cretaceous. Magmatic rocks in the region are represented by ophiolitic units, magmatic arc products, and young volcanic rocks. The sedimentary units are represented by Upper Cretaceous - Tertiary marine and lacustrine sedimentary rocks. In the study area, the metamorphic units are represented by the Paleozoic Pütürge metamorphic rocks composed of phyllite, slate, mica schist, quartz-muscovite schist, calc-schist, and low-grade metamorphite. The ophiolite that is described in this paper is composed of wehrlite-pyroxenite, gabbro, diabase dykes, and dykes cutting gabbro. These units are cut by the granitic rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Elaz1g magmatic suite. The lithological and geochemical data on the rocks of Kömürhan ophiolite indicate that these rocks were derived from crystallization of an enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type magma. The Kömürhan ophiolite formed in a supra-subduction spreading zone during the Cretaceous; related to this event is the north-dipping subduction of the southern branch of Neo-Tethys ocean, which began spreading in the Late Triassic. The crust was thickened by the development of an island arc and by the thrusting of the Pütürge metamorphic rocks onto this island arc in response to north-south compression during the Late Cretaceous. The magma formed by partial melting of the subducted slab giving rise to granitic rocks that cut the upper parts of the ophiolite. The ophiolite and the Elaz1g magmatic suite attained their present position after the Middle Eocene.
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Zhu, L., J. Yu, Y. Liu, H. Gong, Y. Chen, and B. Chen. "Visualization of three dimensional earth fissures in geological structure." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-227-2015.
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Abstract. This paper proposes a new method for visualizing the earth fissures of geological structure in three dimensional (3-D) domains on the basis of the seismic data and features information of earth fissures. The seismic data were interpreted for obtaining the stratagraphic data with various lithological information and the depth of the earth fissures. The spatial distribution of the ground fissures including the dip, strike and width were digitalized on an ArcGIS platform. Firstly, the 3-D geological structure was rebuilt using the Generalized Tri-Prism (GTP) method which is a real solid method for displaying geological structures. The GTP method can reflect the inner material of the strata and can simulate complicated geological structures such as faults and stratagraphic pinch outs. The upper and lower surfaces of each stratum consist of Triangle Irregular Networks (TIN). The inner solid between the two surfaces are a series of triangular prisms. Secondly, since the width of the ground fissure gradually decreases with depth, multiple edge lines of the earth fissures on the bottom stratum surface are deduced on the basis of the fissure characteristics. Then, the model of the earth fissures consisting of a series of triangular pyramids can be constructed using these points and the edge lines. A cutting operation was carried out on the 3-D geological structure using this ground fissures model. If the surfaces of the ground fissures model intersects with the GTPs in the geological structure model, new GTPs were generated within the local regions. During this process, the topological relations between TIN, triangular prism and lines were reconstructed so that the visualization of ground fissures in the geological structure model is realized. This method can facilitate the mechanism for studying fissures and avoid the gaps between the fissure solid and the geological structure to accurately reflect their 3-D characteristics.
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Zhong, Qi, Wangpeng Li, Hui Huang, et al. "Distribution Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Significance of Deep-Water Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks in the Steep-Slope Zone of a Graben Lake Basin: A Case Study of Es3l sub-Member in the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China." Minerals 14, no. 9 (2024): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14090882.
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The high exploration and development production capacity of the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China in the early stage confirms the huge exploration and development potential of shale oil in the study area. Due to the complexity of the depositional mechanism in the study area, the distribution law of fine-grained sedimentary rocks is not well understood, which restricts further exploration breakthroughs. This paper comprehensively observes rock cores and thin sections, combines mineral components, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, rock-cutting logging and logging data to classify lithofacies, and clarifies the distribution law of various lithofacies. The research results show that, according to lithological characteristics, various lithofacies origins are classified into three categories: terrigenous, mixed, and endogenous sources, and six lithofacies types are distinguished: terrigenous low-organic-matter massive siltstone (LF1), terrigenous low-organic-matter massive mudstone (LF2), mixed-source medium-organic-matter massive mudstone (LF3), mixed-source medium-to-high-organic matter laminated-massive mudstone (LF4), mixed-source medium-to-high-organic-matter laminated mudstone (LF5), and endogenous-sourced medium-to-high-organic matter laminated limestone (LF6). The distribution of lithofacies in plane is symmetrical in the east–west direction and is characterized by a banded distribution; the distribution in profile shows a stable depositional process and a continuous depositional sequence. The various lithofacies depositional models have been summarized; the terrigenous input from the northern steep-slope zone has influenced the hydrodynamic conditions of the lake basin, significantly affecting the lithofacies depositional variations from the steep-slope zone to the deep-sag area. The geological evaluation of each lithofacies has been conducted; LF1 + LF4 + LF5 are classified as Class I—target reservoirs for shale oil development, while LF3 + LF6 are considered Class II—favorable reservoirs. The result of the study provide a reference for the classification of fine-grained sedimentary-rock facies and distribution characteristics, and the evaluation of shale-oil-reservoir sweet spots in graben lake basins.
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Erica Oghaleoghene AKHUMI and Anthonia Nwaneze ASADU. "Palynostratigraphic Evaluation of Depositional Environment in Well E001 Niger Delta." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 13, no. 2 (2024): 2463–75. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2391.
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Palynological investigation was carried out on E001 well to interpret the lithofacies and biostratigraphy with the aim of establishing the palynological zones and the consequent age, environment of deposition and paleoclimatic conditions of the rock sediments in the well, using visual microscopic observations to determine their lithological character and palynologic content of the sedimentary succession. E001 well is located on latitude 4° 31′ 16.58″N and longitude 8° 18′ 24.96″E onshore Niger Delta. The analysis of this study was carried out on 50 ditch cutting samples composite at 60ft interval ranging from a depth of 3480 to 6420ft. From the well logs, three lithofacies were delineated and stratified from shale to sandstone. The shale is fissile and dark brown, followed by the siltstone which are poorly sorted, and the sandstones are poorly to well sorted, rounded to well-rounded and fine to coarse grained, the presence of this lithofacies unit indicates that the well section penetrated the Agbada Formation. The Palynologic content recovered were fairly diverse as six (6) zones were erected from base to top which are Acrostichum aureum (Zone I), Zonocostites ramonae (Zone II), Pachydermites diederixi (Zone III), Granulatisporites spp. (Zone IV), Verrucatosporites alienus (Zone V), and Psilatricolporites crassus (Zone VI). These Miospore zones was compared with P820 palynological zones of Evamy et al. 1978 to assign a late Miocene age for the sediments. The paleoenvironmental conditions fluctuates between mangrove setting to freshwater conditions, based on the presence of continental-derived miospores such as Zonocostites ramonae, Psilatricolporites crassus, Acrostichum aureum, Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis, Pachydermites diedirixi, ctenolophonidities costatus. Analysis of the paleoclimatic conditions show that 60% of the total miospores are freshwater, 30% are mangrove, 1% Brackish water and 5% Marine environment. The Palynomorph Marine Index (PMI) also validates the depositional environment which transits from brackish water environment at the upper unit of the well to Fresh water and mangrove environment from the middle to the lower part of the well.
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罗, 韬. "Lithologic Identification of Volcanic Based on Cutting Figures." Journal of Image and Signal Processing 05, no. 02 (2016): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jisp.2016.52008.
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Eze, Emeka Lazarus, Kingsley Onyekwere Okengwu, and Geoffrey Chijioke Soronnadi-Ononiwu. "Paleoenvironment and Palynozonation of Osere-004 Well sequences, Niger Delta. Nigeria." Paleoenvironment and Palynozonation of Osere-004 Well sequences, Niger Delta. Nigeria 8, no. 11 (2024): 9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10638273.
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Paleoenvironmental interpretation and palynozonation was carried out using fifty ditch cutting samples ranging from 7020 ft – 10020 ft, with a total thickness of 3000 m from Osere-004 Well. The lithology of the ditch cuttings was described and analysed using wet-sieving technique. Palynological sample preparation was also carried out on the ditch cuttings following the non-mineral acid method and was analysed using transmitting light microscope. The lithologic description and wet-sieve analysis generated the lithology and sand- shale ratio/gradational plot. The palynological analysis indicated the palynomorphs recovered from the palynological sample preparation which were grouped in their paleoenvironments. The statistical analysis of the recovered palynomorphs indicated dominance in terrestrially derived palynomorphs (Pollen and spores) over marine derived palynomorphs. This indicated deposition within continental (fresh water to brackish water) environment to nearshore marine and open marine environment. The ditch cuttings were deposited during the late Miocene to early Pliocene times and corresponded to P870 to P860 of the SPDC palynological zonation. Keywords:- Paleoenvironment, Palynozonation, Lithostratigraphy, Sand-Shale Ratio, Gradation.
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Luukkonen, Erkki J. "Structural and U–Pb isotopic study of late Archaean migmatitic gneisses of the Presvecokarelides, Lylyvaara, eastern Finland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 76, no. 4 (1985): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010634.
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ABSTRACTThe migmatitic gneiss complex of Lylyvaara in the eastern part of Finnish Presvecokarelides of the Baltic Shield shows evidence of a polyphase deformational and metamorphic history and of the emplacement of a number of mafic and felsic igneous intrusions at various stages during this history. Sequential structural development has been established on the bases of refolding and cross-cutting relationships. U–Pb zircon and sphene isotopic data combined with structural studies indicate that the first six deformational phases took place in late Archaean (=Presvecokarelian) times. The seventh deformational phase is constrained as being early Proterozoic (=Svecokarelian) from regional considerations.The gneissic foliation in the dominant tonalitic to trondhjemitic palaeosome is parallel to lithological layering (So). Mostly it is composite S1–S2; only in F2 fold hinges can separate S1 and S2 be unequivocally distinguished. There, both of these fabrics, which were formed in amphibolite facies conditions of metamorphism during D1 and D2 have retained their identity despite extensive tectonic overprinting. Further tonalitic or granodioritic material was intruded during D3 or between D2 and D3. Effects of the third deformational phase (D3) ar6e expressed only locally as asymmetrical and polyclinal folds, which deform S1–S2 and F2. These folds now have a northeasterly axial trend and they show considerable variations in the style of their parasitic structures. F4 folds are common. They are dextral and asymmetrical, have NW—NNW-trending axes and show complex interference patterns with F2 and F3 folds. During D4, much aplogranitic neosome material was emplaced in NW—SE-trending movement zones, which correspond to the axial planes of F4 folds. Superimposition of F5 and F6 structures on previously formed patterns add to the structural complexity although they only result in minor modifications. Both are open and upright and locally have associated cleavages or healed fractures (S5, S6). D7 is expressed throughout the migmatitic complex as narrow NW—SE-trending shear zones which reactivate the S4 trend.U–Pb zircon isotopic data indicate that the metamorphism associated with gneiss formation took place 2843 ± 18 Ma ago. U–Pb sphene ages of c. 2660 Ma and 2620 Ma indicate that metamorphic conditions prevailed for a very considerable time. An aplogranitic neosome related to F4 axial planes gave a 2657 ± 32 Ma U–Pb zircon age, while granodiorite and pegmatite dykes related to D6 yielded U–Pb zircon ages of c 2670 Ma and 2640 Ma, respectively.
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Aziukovskyi, Oleksand, Andrii Ihnatov, and Yevhen Stavychnyi. "IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL DOWNHOLE FLUIDS IN FIELD DEVELOPMENT." SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF DONNTU Series: “The Mining and Geology”, no. 1(27)-2(28)2022 (2022): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-9575-2022-1(27)-2(28)-96-106.
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Purpose. Analytical, laboratory and industrial study, as well as analysis of the basic factors of rationalization of the use of special process fluids in the processes of cleaning, casing and cementing of boreholes drilled in difficult geological and lithological conditions, through the development and implementation of innovative technical and technological techniques and methods. Methodology. The study of borehole circulation, rock cutting and regime-technological processes was carried out using modern methods of physical bench modeling, instrumentation and related materials, as well as processing the results of studies in the EXCEL, MATHCAD environment. Laboratory control methods were used to study the technological characteristics of special fluids and the patterns of operation of the drilling tool, which are working methods for determining the main characteristics of the formation processes of the wellbore at different stages of its construction. The design of the stabilized buffer mixture was carried out using the method of orthogonal central compositional planning. Findings. The physicochemical properties and influence of washing liquids of various compositions on the rocks of the sedimentary and metamorphic complexes have been studied from the standpoint of their hydration and the ability for surface adsorption interaction. The mechanism of the flow of well circulation processes with the participation of flushing fluids, as well as its consequences for the appearance of prerequisites for reducing the strength of the rock mass and reducing the loss of mechanical power in the wellbore, has been studied. The principles of constructing optimal schemes for the regeneration of a flushing liquid based on the use of sedimentation phenomena are considered. The development and clarification of downhole factors in the behavior of buffer fluids, taking into account their provision for the complete exclusion of the manifestation of violations of the integrity of the cement stone. Originality. Rationalization of indicators of the well construction process can be successfully achieved on the basis of directed regulation and adaptation of the main physical and chemical properties (density, viscosity, surface tension, content of lubricating impurities) of special process fluids for specific well geological and technical conditions. Practical value. The presented research results provide the basis for building a closed engineering cycle for designing and using special process fluids in order to reduce the time for well construction and eliminate the cost of complex repair and restoration work in them. Keywords: flushing liquid, surfactant, well, drilling, buffer system, fastening, cement stone, mine.
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Sergeeva, Nina Dmitrievna, and Svetlana Andreevna Dyakova. "Vendian of the eastern flank of the Avdyrdak anticline of the Alatau anticlinorium (Southern Urals)." Geologicheskii vestnik, no. 1 (March 13, 2023): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31084/2619-0087/2023-1-3.
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Object of study. Deposits of the Asha series of the Vendian of the eastern flank of the Avdyrdak anticline, divided by a meridional fault into two monoclinal blocks, in which researchers give different stratigraphic interpretations of the sections. Results. A study was made of the deposits of the Asha series of the eastern flank of the Avdyrdak anticline along the highway (80K-031) Ufa–Beloretsk, where these deposits are most fully exposed by road cuttings and quarries. Detailed descriptions and sketches of fragments of the sediment section are given, the lithological and petrographic composition of the rocks, their ratio and thickness in the sections of the western and eastern tectonic blocks are specified. Conclusions. It has been established that according to the lithologic-petrographic composition of the rocks and the structure of the sections of the Asha series of the Vendian of the eastern flank of the Avdyrdak anticline along the highway (80K-031) Ufa-Beloretsk, the western and eastern tectonic blocks of the structure are composed of deposits of the Basa, Kukkarauk and Zigan formations. The stratigraphic similarity of the sections of the western and eastern tectonic blocks of the eastern flank of the Avdyrdak anticline indicates the thrust character of tectonic movements.
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Kowalska, Sylwia, Benedykt Kubik, Rafał Skupio, and Krzysztof Wolański. "Downhole Lithological Profile Reconstruction Based on Chemical Composition of Core Samples and Drill Cuttings Measured with Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer." Minerals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10121101.
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The reconstruction of a lithological profile based on geophysical logs of chemical composition provided by geochemical gamma-gamma well logging probes has been increasingly used for geophysical interpretation. A chemical profile, analogous to the measurements mentioned above, can be determined based on measurements made with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF). This paper presents a methodology for determining the mineral composition of drilled, clastic, as well as clay-rich rocks on the basis of both inexpensive and timesaving pXRF measurements as well as models combining the results of chemical composition analysis with results of mineral composition analysis (XRD). The results of chemical composition analysis obtained with a portable XRF spectrometer were calibrated based on a detailed analysis produced with ICP-OES and ICP-MS methods. A significant advantage of the proposed method is the possibility to apply it with regard to drill cuttings as well as archival cores. However, considerable discrepancies in the results obtained were identified while comparing the results of chemical composition analysed directly on the core and milled material. The analysed material comprised Carboniferous rocks derived from three boreholes located in Poland: Kobylin-1 as well as Biesiekierz-1 and -2. It was possible to directly compare the lithological profile obtained based on measurements taken on drill cuttings with the results of the lithological interpretation of a geochemical probe log.
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Toé Bi, Kizito Katel Kahou, N’goran Jean-Paul Yao, Touvalé Marcel Kessé, and Zéli Bruno Digbéhi. "Caracterisation Sedimentologique Et Hydrodynamique Des Formations Sableuses Du Miocene Inferieur De La Region D’eboinda (Sud-Est De La Cote d’Ivoire)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 9 (2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n9p192.
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Five hundred and five (505) cuttings samples of 51 survey (of 10 m depth maximum) drilled in Eboinda area (South-western of Côte d’Ivoire) were subject to lithological, mineralogical an granulometry studies in order to clarify the nature of sediments and factors and processes involved during their transport and deposition. The "Surfer" software helps to map the formations. The results indicate: - lithologically:, six mains facies were defined ; sandy clays with gravel, clayey sand, sands, siltyey clay, sandy clays and clay. Sandy sediments were mapped to north and clayed one in south of the study area. Most of studied sands were interpreted as river and coastal dune deposits. Many minerals were described such as sphene, zircon, tourmaline, ilmenite, hematite, apatite, limonite, sillimanite, chromite, muscovite, garnet, chlorite, rutile, goethite, quartz and feldspar. The clay fraction is composed by kaolinite, quartz, apatite, gypsum, goethite and halloysite; - hydrodynamically: the surfacecreep is the main mode of transport expressed within units III and VI. While saltation characterizes sand units IV and V. Predominance of rounded forms and sub-rounded features of quartz grains suggests a transport in aqueous zone over a long distance. In the other hand the sands of units VI and III are essentially sub-angular, suggesting a close generating source. The blunt and shiny aspect of most sands grains encountered, confirm the mode of transport in aqueous zone.
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Dipakama, Claude Melaine, Noël Watha-Ndoudy, Jean De Dieu Nzila, Isidore Nguelet Moukaha, and Victor Kimpouni. "Impact de l’exploitation artisanale de l’or sur l’environnement dans le secteur de Dimonika (Massif forestier du Mayombe, Congo)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, no. 17 (2024): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n17p68.
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L’orpaillage est très actif dans le secteur de Dimonika et ses environs. Cette activité bien que génératrice de revenus à la population locale, est réputée source de dégradations environnementales. Cette étude vise à évaluer l’impact de l’orpaillage sur l’environnement de ce secteur. La méthodologie adoptée a été axée sur les enquêtes afin de caractériser les pratiques d’orpaillage, identifier les impacts générés sur l’environnement et comprendre le rôle et l’implication des structures de tutelle dans la gestion durable des écosystèmes forestier ; les levés topographiques ; la description des impacts générés ; l’analyse des eaux des cours d’eau orpaillés et des pertes du couvert végétal à partir des SIG et télédétection. Les résultats montrent que l’orpaillage occupe à plus de 50% les jeunes du secteur, dont l’âge varie entre 20 et 40 ans. On assiste à une avancée alarmante des sites d’orpaillage : gisements alluvionnaires (57%), éluvionnaires (41%) et filoniens (3%), avec des techniques non appropriées (défrichage, coupe et déracinement des arbres, mauvaise utilisation des détecteurs des métaux, excavation non remblayée, étalage des couches lithologiques, exploitation et déviation des lits des cours d’eau) sans respect environnemental, ni mesure de prévention et d’atténuation des impacts générés. Les principaux impacts identifiés sont des excavations pouvant atteindre 8 m de profondeur (29 % sur les sites éluvionnaires contre 15% sur les sites alluvionnaires). Les déchets miniers abandonnés sur ces sites (18 et 17% respectifs). 15% des cours d’eau sont crevassés et déviés sur des longueurs moyennes de 9 m avec pour conséquence la perturbation du régime hydrographique. Avec une turbidité moyenne de 114 NTU, les eaux des cours d’eau orpaillés sont impropres à la consommation selon SEQ-Eau (2003). La végétation n’est pas épargnée de ce désastre, les arbres non coupés tombent parce que déracinés surtout sur les sites éluvionnaires et la perte du couvert végétal s’est rapidement amplifiée et atteint 1058 ha en 2 ans avec l’utilisation des détecteurs de métaux. L’utilisation de ces détecteurs poserait un réel problème en milieu forestier car la régénération de la végétation est très lente à cause des inversions lithologiques qui sont associées à cette méthode. Gold panning is very active in the Dimonika sector and its surroundings. Although this activity generates income for the local population, it is known to be a source of environmental degradation. This study aims to assess the impact of gold panning on the environment in this sector. The methodology adopted focused on surveys to characterize gold panning practices, identify the impacts generated on the environment and understand the role and involvement of supervisory structures in the sustainable management of forest ecosystems; topographic surveys; description of the impacts generated; analysis of the waters of gold-panned streams and losses of plant cover using GIS and remote sensing. The results show that gold panning occupies more than 50% of young people in the sector, whose ages vary between 20 and 40 years. There is an alarming increase in gold mining sites: alluvial deposits (57%), eluvial deposits (41%) and vein deposits (3%), with inappropriate techniques (clearing, cutting and uprooting trees, improper use of metal detectors, unfilled excavation, spreading of lithological layers, exploitation and diversion of river beds) without environmental respect, nor measures to prevent and mitigate the impacts generated. The main impacts identified are excavations that can reach 8 m deep (29% on eluvial sites compared to 15% on alluvial sites). Mining waste abandoned on these sites (18 and 17% respectively). 15% of watercourses are cracked and diverted over average lengths of 9 m, resulting in disruption of the hydrographic regime. With an average turbidity of 114 NTU, the waters of the gold-mined streams are unfit for consumption according to SEQ-Eau (2003). Vegetation is not spared from this disaster, uncut trees fall because they are uprooted, especially on eluvial sites, and the loss of plant cover has rapidly increased and reached 1058 ha in 2 years with the use of metal detectors. The use of these detectors would pose a real problem in forest environments because the regeneration of vegetation is very slow due to the lithological inversions associated with this method.
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Eze, Emeka Lazarus, Kingsley Onyekwere Okengwu, and Geoffrey Chijioke Soronnadi-Ononiwu. "Palynostratigraphy, Palynozonation and Depositional Systems in Kombo-001 Well, Niger Delta Nigeria." Palynostratigraphy, Palynozonation and Depositional Systems in Kombo-001 Well, Niger Delta Nigeria 8, no. 10 (2023): 9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10077416.
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Fifty ditch cuttings from Kombo-001 well were sampled and analysed for their palynological content in order to determine the palynostratigraphy, Palynozonation and depositional systems in Kombo-001 well. The study followed standard sample lithologic descriptions and palynological sample preparation using the non-mineral acid method of palynological sample preparation. The sample description which were presented as lithological log, sand/shale ratio and gradational profile showed alternation of sand and shale characteristic of the Agbada Formation in the Niger Delta. The palynomorphs identified in Kombo-001 well are abundant and diverse including gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen, pteridophyte and bryophyte spores, dinoflagellates, foraminiferal test linings, freshwater algae, dinocysts, diatom and fungal spores. The palynoforal assemblage consists of 45 (forty-five) pollen species representing 37 (thirty-seven) pollen genera, 18 (eighteen) pteridophyte and bryophyte spore species which comprise of monoletes, triletes and alete, and few fungal spores, freshwater algae and diatoms. The palynostratigraphy of Kombo-001 well indicated dominance in mangrove pollen species suggesting deposition within coastal to marginal marine settings under wet climatic condition. The palynological zones identified included P820 and P830 with boundary marked based on Quantitative Base Occurrence of Stereisporites sp. at 9110 ft and corresponding to late Miocene. Generally, the depositional systems and systems tract of the studied intervals in Kombo-001 well lies within the highstand systems tract (HST).Keywords:- Palynostratigraphy, Palynozonation, Depositional Systems, Systems Tract, Mangrove Pollens.
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Ruffell, A. H. "Geophysical correlation of the Aptian and Albian formations in the Wessex Basin of southern England." Geological Magazine 128, no. 1 (1991): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800018057.
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AbstractUsing geophysical borehole log signatures and basic lithological information from sidewall cores and well-cuttings, division and correlation of the mid-Cretaceous sediments of the Wessex Basin can be achieved. A sub-Gault (early Albian) unconformity surface is mapped with some accuracy across the Hampshire–Dorset area, and the deposits of a previous, Aptian transgression are observed. The distinctive log signatures aid in facies reconstructions and sequence stratigraphical analysis: especially the onlap of basal Gault horizons onto and across basement ‘highs’. The highly variable thickness and lithological distributions characteristic of the Wealden pass upward into laterally extensive facies distributions in the Lower Greensand and Gault. Sequence boundaries are identified at the base of the Wealden; Lower Greensand; Gault; within the Gault (cristatum subzone); and base Chalk.
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Skupio, Rafal. "Portable XRF spectrometer with helium flow as a tool for lithological interpretation." Geology, Geophysics and Environment 46, no. 4 (2021): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2020.46.4.315.
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Portable EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence) spectrometer with the ability to perform rock tests in a helium atmosphere was applied to prepare unique calibration coefficients and mineralogical models. These data could be used for the chemical profiling, chemostratigraphy, gamma-ray, TOC and lithological interpretation of borehole geological profile. The measurements were conducted on 19 samples of sandstones and compared to the XRF data without helium flow. The acquired dataset was calibrated to the chemical laboratory tests (ICP-MS), gamma-ray spectrometry measurements (RT-50) and combined with the mineralogical data (XRD). The new methodology enables the measurement of sodium and enhances the possibility of detecting magnesium, thorium and uranium, compared to standard handheld XRF spectrometers. The applied method is dedicated to whole cores (without sample preparation) or cuttings which must be cleaned, dried, milled and pressed.
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Ukhov, I. S. "DETAILED ANALYTICAL STUDIES OF CUTTINGS FROM OIL AND GAS WELLS AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION AND DRILLING OPERATIONS." Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 1 (2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2023-1-32-38.
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For date we can observe nearly full exhaustion of the largest deposits of hydrocarbons that are easy constructed in geological way, that’s why today’s exploration work is oriented on searching of small deposits and non-traditional reservoirs. For searching and development of such deposits it is necessary to apply the high-technological methods of geologic and geophysical research, previously provided mainly by foreign companies. In this regard, there is an acute need for the emergence of new costeffective approaches for the providing of geological exploration works. In such conditions the exploration of cuttings material by the modern analytical methods may become one of the main drivers of new direction of geological works because it lets to process the results directly while drilling and receive the information in real time. The main advantages of cuttings are: the possibility to study the section of well with equal discretization distance; minimal terms of sample preparation and partial conduction of analytical studies directly during the drilling process, sampling of cuttings does not affect on the technology of well construction and does not require the conduction of supplementary tripping operations, detail study of cuttings may replace highcost methods of geophysical logging and allows to conduct the correct interwell lithological and stratigraphic correlation while cluster drilling online. However, the complex and profound study of cuttings material allows to characterize and estimate the quality of reservoirs and caprocks; study the rock sources of oil and gas and their properties; built the detailed lithological, facial and mineralogical models; detect and localize zones of latent faults and tectonic tensions, achieve the reliable stratigraphic dating; to provide the most effective tracing of horizontal production wellbore. The exploration of cuttings is actual as for old oil and gas regions, as for new oilfields with difficult construction, because it allows to achieve the qualitative geological information all over the section. Within the conditions of sanction pressure (including the import of equipment for searching and production of hydrocarbon) from the west countries, the complex exploration of cuttings material may not only complete the leakage of geological information, but also provide its growth.
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POPESCU, Bogdan, Radu OLTEANU, and Dan C. JIPA. "Baleni-1 Borehole. New data on the Upper Neogene sequence in the Western Dacian Basin." Geo-Eco-Marina No 15/2009 (December 31, 2009): 97–111. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57315.
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Abstract. Băleni-1, is the only deep borehole in the Dacian Basin area which was paleontologically continuously monitored during the drilling. The investigation of the Upper Neogene deposits, based mostly on cuttings data sampled every ten meters during the well drilling, evidences the stratigraphic and lithologic continuity of the Upper Meotian-Lower Dacian sedimentary succession in the western part of the Dacian Basin. The Late Meotian-Late Pontian lithology is very fine-grained and highly monotonous. Although transgressions affected the western Dacian Basin during the Meotian and Pontian time, these events did not introduce lithologic changes in the sedimentary sequences drilled at Băleni-1 site.
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Ishitsuka, Kazuya, Hiroki Ojima, Toru Mogi, Tatsuya Kajiwara, Takeshi Sugimoto, and Hiroshi Asanuma. "Characterization of hydrothermal alteration along geothermal wells using unsupervised machine-learning analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data." Earth Science Informatics 15, no. 1 (2021): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12145-021-00694-3.
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AbstractZonal distribution of hydrothermal alteration in and around geothermal fields is important for understanding the hydrothermal environment. In this study, we assessed the performance of three unsupervised classification algorithms—K-mean clustering, the Gaussian mixture model, and agglomerative clustering—in automated categorization of alteration minerals along wells. As quantitative data for classification, we focused on the quartz indices of alteration minerals obtained from rock cuttings, which were calculated from X-ray powder diffraction measurements. The classification algorithms were first examined by applying synthetic data and then applied to data on rock cuttings obtained from two wells in the Hachimantai geothermal field in Japan. Of the three algorithms, our results showed that the Gaussian mixture model provides classes that are reliable and relatively easy to interpret. Furthermore, an integrated interpretation of different classification results provided more detailed features buried within the quartz indices. Application to the Hachimantai geothermal field data showed that lithological boundaries underpin the data and revealed the lateral connection between wells. The method’s performance is underscored by its ability to interpret multi-component data related to quartz indices.
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Adannah Ugwunna OLUJİE and Antonia Nwaneze ASADU. "Sedimentological analysis and log-sequence stratigraphy of X-Field, Niger Delta." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 13, no. 2 (2024): 2706–19. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2480.
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Sedimentological analyses were carried out on one-hundred and fifteen (115) ditch-cutting samples of depth ranges (6240ft-10020ft) from well-X, in the Central Swamp Depobelt, of the Niger Delta Basin to determine the depositional environment of the sediments. The ditch-cutting samples were analysed using a stereo microscope for the lithologic description, thirty-three (33) samples were identified as sandstone, while the other eighty-two (82) samples were classified as shale. Grain size analysis was carried out using a set of sieves on the thirty-three (33) samples identified as sandstone. The grain size analysis results were visualised in a graphical method from which some simple statistical parameters were derived. The sample description yielded lithologies that are sandstone and shale. The sandstones were found to be fine to medium-grained, poorly sorted to moderately well sorted. They were fine to coarsely skewed with kurtosis values indicating the sandstones were mostly Leptokurtic. The shales were light to dark grey shales controlled by organic content in the shale. This finally produced a lithologic framework of the well. Bivariate plots of the relationships between the graphic statistical moments (mean, median, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) revealed that sediments were deposited in a fluvial environment with the samples falling with the river processes with minor to negligible influence from wave and beach processes. Log-sequence stratigraphic analyses of wireline logs revealed five (5) depositional sequences each beginning and ending with a sequence boundary and also containing lowstand, highstand and transgressive parasequences.
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Wang, Guo, Song Deng, Shuguo Xu, et al. "Hybrid Lithology Identification Method Based on Isometric Feature Mapping Manifold Learning and Particle Swarm Optimization-Optimized LightGBM." Processes 12, no. 8 (2024): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12081593.
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Accurate identification of lithology in petroleum engineering is very important for oil and gas reservoir evaluation, drilling decisions, and petroleum geological exploration. Using a cross-plot to identify lithology only considers two logging parameters, causing the accuracy of lithology identification to be insufficient. With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, machine learning has become an important means to identify lithology. In this study, the cutting logging data of the Junggar Basin were collected as lithologic samples, and the identification of argillaceous siltstone, mudstone, gravel mudstone, silty mudstone, and siltstone was established by logging and logging parameters at corresponding depths. Aiming at the non-equilibrium problem of lithologic data, this paper proposes using equilibrium accuracy to evaluate the model. In this study, manifold learning is used to reduce logging and logging parameters to three dimensions. Based on balance accuracy, four dimensionality reductions including isometric feature mapping (ISOMAP), principal component (PCA), independent component (ICA), and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) are compared. It is found that ISOMAP improves the balance accuracy of the LightGBM model to 0.829, which can effectively deal with unbalanced lithologic data. In addition, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to automatically optimize the super-parameters of the lightweight gradient hoist (LightGBM) model, which effectively improves the balance accuracy and generalization ability of the lithology identification model and provides strong support for fast and accurate lithology identification.
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Wenhua, Wang, Wang Zhuwen, Han Ruiyi, Xu Fanghui, Qi Xinghua, and Cui Yitong. "Lithology classification of volcanic rocks based on conventional logging data of machine learning: A case study of the eastern depression of Liaohe oil field." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (2021): 1245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0300.
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Abstract The reservoirs in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin are formed by multistage igneous eruption. The lithofacies and lithology are complex, and the lithology is mainly intermediate and basic igneous rocks. Based on the integration of debris data of igneous rocks and logging data, this article selected 6,462 continuous logging data with complete cuttings data and five conventional logging curves (RLLD, AC, DEN, GR, and CNL) from four wells in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin as the training set. A variety of lithologic identification schemes based on support vector machine and random forest are established to classify the pure igneous strata and actual strata. By comparing the classification results with the identification data of core slice and debris slice, a practical lithologic classification scheme for igneous rocks in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin is obtained, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.46%.
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Wenhua, Wang, Wang Zhuwen, Han Ruiyi, Xu Fanghui, Qi Xinghua, and Cui Yitong. "Lithology classification of volcanic rocks based on conventional logging data of machine learning: A case study of the eastern depression of Liaohe oil field." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (2021): 1245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0300.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The reservoirs in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin are formed by multistage igneous eruption. The lithofacies and lithology are complex, and the lithology is mainly intermediate and basic igneous rocks. Based on the integration of debris data of igneous rocks and logging data, this article selected 6,462 continuous logging data with complete cuttings data and five conventional logging curves (RLLD, AC, DEN, GR, and CNL) from four wells in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin as the training set. A variety of lithologic identification schemes based on support vector machine and random forest are established to classify the pure igneous strata and actual strata. By comparing the classification results with the identification data of core slice and debris slice, a practical lithologic classification scheme for igneous rocks in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin is obtained, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.46%.
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Asadu, A. N., and V. O. Onowaro. "Palynomorph Biostratigraphy of VIC 97 Well, Nothern Depo Belt, Niger Delta, Nigeria." British Journal of Earth Sciences Research 11, no. 2 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n2115.
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Palynological and sedimentological studies were conducted on sixty ditch cutting rock samples from interval 460 to 4550 feets of VIC-97 well, located at OML 38, Northern Depo-belt, Niger-Delta, to delineate lithofacies units and the age of the rock succession. Standard methods of palynological sample analysis were used to disaggregate the palynomorphs from the rock matrix. Log signatures, sand/shale ratios, textural attributes, and accessory mineal compositions of ditch cutting rock samples were used as lithologic parameters to establish two lithofacies units; the transitional unit having a sand/shale ratio of 80:20 and the continental Unit having a 98:2 ratio ascribed to upper Agbada and Benin formation respectively. Palynological analysis revealed that the retrieved palynomorphs were numerous and reasonably diversified, particularly in the lower portion of the sample interval. Palynological zonation was based on the palynofloral assemblage of important species and their stratigraphic distribution. Thirteen informal biozones were recognised on the basis of their first and last downhole occurences and compared with P 560, P580 and P624 to delineate an early to late Oligocene age for the studied interval.