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Journal articles on the topic 'Lithological Units'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Khalifa, Abdelrahman, Bashar Bashir, Ziyadin Çakir, Şinasi Kaya, Abdullah Alsalman, and Ahmed Henaish. "Paradigm of Geological Mapping of the Adıyaman Fault Zone of Eastern Turkey Using Landsat 8 Remotely Sensed Data Coupled with PCA, ICA, and MNFA Techniques." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6 (2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060368.

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A principal and independent component analysis (PCA and ICA) and a minimum noise fraction analysis (MNFA) were applied in this study to Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images along the Adıyaman fault zone in Eastern Turkey. These analyses indicated that the lithologic units, fault patterns, and the morphological and structural features can be mapped highly accurately by using spectral-matching techniques in regions where rocks are well exposed. An inspection of all possible band combinations indicated that the PCA 134 and 231 and the ICA 132 band combinations give the best false color

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Wasilewska-Błaszczyk, Monika, and Jacek Mucha. "Geochemical modeling of the Cu-Ag deposits from the Lubin-Głogów Copper District (Poland) supported by lithological modeling." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 33, no. 4 (2017): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2017-0049.

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Abstract The most important reasons for the limited credibility of 3D geochemical models of the Cu-Ag deposits (The Lubin-Głogów Copper District) are unfavorable statistical characteristics of the main metals (Cu, Ag), and the unfavorable structure of their variability with a relatively poorly marked non-random component of variability. It is hoped that the accuracy of geochemical models can be increased by previous lithological modeling of a given deposit. This is due to significant differences in mean Cu content in both the main lithological series (carbonates, shales and sandstones) and ind

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Nenadic, Drazenko, Vladimir Simic, and Slobodan Knezevic. "Stratigraphical and Lithological characteristics of Preloess sediments in Eastern Srem, Serbia." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, no. 64 (2002): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp0264053n.

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In the area of Eastern Srem Pleistocene sediments cover large territories. Their facial diversity and very complex interrelations of lithological units are one of the important features of this part of the Pannonian basin. Study of stratigraphic, lithologic, sedimentologic and mineralogic characteristics of these deposits from boreholes in Zemun, Indjija, Cortanovci and Ruma led to conclusion that the interaction of tectonic and climatic changes, as well as difference in sedimentological environments, caused formation of genetically different lithostratigraphic units.

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Valchev, Boris, and Hristo Dimitrov. "New data on the Paleogene lithostratigraphic units’ distribution in the Avren Step south of Varna and Beloslav Lakes based on borehole data and seismic profiles’ interpretation." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 81, no. 1 (2020): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2020.81.1.4.

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The present article aims to provide new data on the spatial distribution and lithological features of the Paleogene lithostratigraphic units in the Avren Step, which is a part of the Moesian Platform in Eastern Bulgaria. On the basis of primary lithological data derived from 81 boreholes’ sections and lithostratigraphic interpretation of five seismic profiles, six formal Paleogene lithostratigraphic units were recognized. They are as follows: the Komarevo Fm. (Thanetian), the Beloslav Fm. (Ypresian), the Dikilitash Fm. (Ypresian), the Aladan Fm. (Ypresian), the Avren Fm. (uppermost Ypresian–Pr

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Hajaj, Soufiane, Abderrazak El Harti, Amine Jellouli, et al. "Evaluating the Performance of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques to HyMap Imagery for Lithological Mapping in a Semi-Arid Region: Case Study from Western Anti-Atlas, Morocco." Minerals 13, no. 6 (2023): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13060766.

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Accurate lithological mapping is a crucial juncture for geological studies and mineral exploration. Hyperspectral data provide the opportunity to extract detailed information about the geology and mineralogy of the Earth’s surface. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques provide an accurate and effective mapping of various types of lithologies in arid and semi-arid regions. This article discusses the use of machine learning algorithms, specifically Support Vector Machines (SVM), one-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbor (K

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Efetobore, Maju-Oyovwikowhe Gladys, and Eguagie Michael Owenvbiugie. "Lithostratigraphic Characterization and Petroleum System Elements of the MI Well, Niger Delta Basin." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 16 (2023): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i164137.

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This study presents a comprehensive lithostratigraphic characterization of the MI Well in the Niger Delta Basin through microscopic examination of ditch cutting samples. The aim was to identify the lithological units and assess the presence and distribution of petroleum system elements. A total of seventy-two samples ranging in depth from 4500ft-11460ft (1372m-3493m) were analyzed, revealing four lithological units: sandstone, shale, sandy shale, and shaly sand. Through interpretation of the lithological log, the cap/seal rock, reservoir rock, and probable source rock units were identified. Th

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Ahmad, Waqar, Lei Liu, Zhenhua Guo, Yasir Shaheen Khalil, Nazir Ul Islam, and Fakhrul Islam. "Lithological Classification Using ZY1-02D Hyperspectral Data by Means of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods in the Kohat–Pothohar Plateau, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Remote Sensing 17, no. 8 (2025): 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17081356.

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Lithological mapping using satellite images, particularly hyperspectral data, helps in effectively defining the best initial targets for regional exploration. In this study, ZY1-02D hyperspectral image (HSI) data with moderate spectral and very high spatial resolution were employed for lithological mapping using spectral indices along with support vector machine (SVM) machine learning and spatial–spectral transformer (SSTF) deep learning methods in the Kohat–Pothohar Plateau at the eastern edge of the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in Pakistan. The research was accomplished using spectral profiles

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Thannoun, Rayan Ghazi. "MAPPING LITHOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGICAL UNITS USING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY." Malaysian Journal of Science 40, no. 1 (2021): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no1.8.

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Errami, Maryam, Ahmed Algouti, Abdellah Algouti, Abdelouhed Farah, and Saloua Agli. "Utilization of ASTER data in lithological and lineament mapping of the southern flank of the Central High Atlas in Morocco." Geologos 29, no. 1 (2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/logos.2023.29.1.01.

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Geological mapping undoubtedly plays an important role in several studies and remote sensing data are of great significance in geological mapping, particularly in poorly mapped areas situated in inaccessible regions. In the present study, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Band Rationing (BR) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) algorithms are applied to map lithological units and extract lineaments in the Amezri-Amassine area, by using multispectral ASTER image and global digital elevation model (GDEM) data for the first time. Following preprocessing of ASTER images, advanced image algorithms su

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El-Haddad, Bosy A., Ahmed M. Youssef, Tawfiq M. Mahran, and Abdel Hammed El-Sharter. "Integrating remote sensing and field investigation for lithological mapping of Per-Eonile to Neonile sequences west of Sohag city, Egypt: Impact on urban development." Journal of Geography and Cartography 7, no. 1 (2024): 6028. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v7i1.6028.

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In the domains of geological study, natural resource exploitation, geological hazards, sustainable development, and environmental management, lithological mapping holds significant importance. Conventional approaches to lithological mapping sometimes entail considerable effort and difficulties, especially in geographically isolated or inaccessible regions. Incorporating geological surveys and satellite data is a powerful approach that can be effectively employed for lithological mapping. During this process, contemporary RS-enhancing methodologies demonstrate a remarkable proficiency in identi

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Бумагина, Варвара Андреевна, Максим Александрович Александров, Евгения Сергеевна Климова, Надежда Георгиевна Семенова, Артем Дмитриевич Мусихин, and Венера Гильмеахметовна Базаревская. "Geological structure and depositional environment of Bazhenov formation in East-Urengoi license block." Нефтяная провинция, no. 3(23) (September 30, 2020): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25689/np.2020.3.37-53.

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Большая часть исследований баженовского горизонта сконцентрирована в Центральной части Западной Сибири. В статье рассмотрено литологическое строение баженовского горизонта для северного района Западной Сибири, на Восточно-Уренгойском ЛУ. По результатам литолого-минералогических исследований и методов ГИС, разрез свиты впервые разбит на пять литологических пачек, дана их краткая характеристика. Выполнена корреляция пачек, что позволило проследить изменение толщин в пределах ЛУ Surveys of the Bazhenov formation have been concentrated, primarily, in the central part of West Siberia. The paper dis

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Ali, Sajid, Huan Li, Asghar Ali, and Jubril Izge Hassan. "Lithological Discrimination of Khyber Range Using Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Algorithms." Applied Sciences 14, no. 12 (2024): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14125064.

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In this study, the satellite data of ASTER and Landsat 8 OLI were used for the discrimination of lithological units covering the Khyber range. Of the 24 tested band combinations, the most suitable include 632 and 468 of ASTER and 754 and 147 of OLI in the RGB sequence. The data were also tested with two conventional machine learning algorithms (MLAs), namely maximum likelihood classification (MLC) and support vector machine (SVM), for lithological mapping. Principal component analysis (PCA), minimum noise fraction (MNF), band ratios, and color composites in combination with available lithologi

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Kouki, A., and D. Rozos. "THE FINE-GRAINED PLIO-PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS IN ACHAIA – GREECE AND THEIR DISTINCTION IN CHARACTERISTIC GEOTECHNICAL UNITS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 3 (2017): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11293.

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The fine grained Plio-Pleistocene sediments encountered along the Patras Ring Road project (PRR) were distinguished into two lithological units, the Upper Geotechnical and the Lower Geotechnical Unit, based on the detailed engineering geological – geotechnical mapping, at a scale of 1:5000, on fieldwork, as well as on data gained from the boreholes drilled during the design and construction of the project. These units are distinguishable, stratigraphically successive and present basic differences in lithological composition, consistency and permeability and therefore different mechanical behav

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Ademola, Iroye Kayode. "Effect of Down-Hole Lithological Variation on Water Bearing Capacity of Some Boreholes in Ilorin, Nigeria." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Geographia 66, no. 2 (2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbgeogr.2021.2.01.

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"Effect of Down-Hole Lithological Variation on Water Bearing Capacity of Some Boreholes in Ilorin, Nigeria. The paper attempts to explain the effect of downhole lithological variation on water bearing capacity of some boreholes in Ilorin Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the lithological characteristics of the boreholes, assessed the variability in weathered overburden and analyzed the inter-relationships between lithology, hydrology and topography of the boreholes. Data used were extracted from twenty (20) borehole logs collected from the archive of Lower Niger Basin Development Autho

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Gizdavec, Nikola, Mateo Gašparović, Slobodan Miko, Borna Lužar-Oberiter, Nikolina Ilijanić, and Zoran Peh. "Discrimination of Rock Units in Karst Terrains Using Sentinel-2A Imagery." Remote Sensing 14, no. 20 (2022): 5169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14205169.

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We explored the potential incorporation of Sentinel-2A imagery for rock unit determination in the Croatian karst region dominated by carbonate rocks. The various lithological units are potential sources of both stone aggregates and dimension stone, and their spatial distribution is of high importance for mineral resource management. The presented approach included the preprocessing and processing of existing analog data (geological maps), Sentinel-2A satellite images and the United States Geological Survey spectral indices, all in combination with ground truth data. Geological mapping and digi

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Kaczmarek, Wojciech, Monika Wasilewska-Błaszczyk, and Mariusz Dudek. "The impact of lithological variability of reservoir rocks on the quality parameters of the Cu-Ag deposit, Lubin–Głogów Copper District (LGCD)." Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 472, no. 472 (2018): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6919.

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The article discusses the lithological and facies development of the copper ore deposit in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline in the so-called depression at the top of the Weissliegend. The lithological variability and quality parameters of the deposit in the exploitation field located between the Central and Northern elevations of Rudna, where the deposit profile is described as “typical”, i.e. the Cu-Ag mineralization occurs in all three basic lithological types of copper ore, is analyzed. The lithological variability of ores in depression zones is the reason why the degree of mineralization and the

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Harris, J. R., D. Rogge, R. Hitchcock, O. Ijewliw, and D. Wright. "Mapping lithology in Canada's Arctic: application of hyperspectral data using the minimum noise fraction transformation and matched filtering." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 12 (2005): 2173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-064.

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A test site in southern Baffin Island, Canada has been established to study the applications of hyperspectral data to lithological mapping. Good bedrock exposure and minimal vegetation cover provide an ideal environment for the evaluation of hyperspectral remote sensing. Airborne PROBE hyperspectral data were collected over the study site during the summer of 2000. Processing methods involved (1) applying a minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation to the data and visual interpretation of a ternary colour MNF image to produce a lithologicalcompositional map, and (2) selection of end members

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Bralić, Nikolina, and Tomislav Malvić. "Interpretation of Chemical Analyses and Cement Modules in Flysch by (Geo)Statistical Methods, Example from the Southern Croatia." Processes 10, no. 5 (2022): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050813.

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This study included the testing of normal (Gaussian) distribution of input data and, consequently, spatially interpolating maps of chemical components and cement modules in the flysch. This deposit contains the raw material for cement production. The researched area is located in southern Croatia, near Split, as part of the exploited field “St. Juraj–St. Kajo”. There are six lithological units: (1) alternation of marls and sandstones with inclusions of conglomerates, (2) marl, (3) calcsiltite, (4) calcarenite, (5) marl with nummulites, (6) debrites, and (7) clayey marl. All of them are deposit

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Valchev, Boris, Hristo Dimitrov, Dimitar Sachkov, and Sava Juranov. "A new concept for the Paleogene lithostratigraphy in the onshore part of the Dolna Kamchiya Basin (eastern Bulgaria) on the basis of 3D modeling." Geologica Balcanica 49, no. 2 (2020): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.49.2.59.

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This study is based on primary lithological data from 96 boreholes and lithostratigraphic interpretation of 17 seismic profiles from the onshore part of the Dolna Kamchiya Basin, which belongs to the onshore sector of the Moesian Platform and comprises the south-easternmost part of the Southern platform zone. Nine formal Paleogene lithostratigraphic units were recognized (the Byala, Komarevo, Dvoynitsa, Beloslav, Dikilitash, Aladan, Avren formations, the Dolni Chiflik Member of the Avren Formation, and the Ruslar Formation). For visualization of their spatial relationships and revealing the de

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Valchev, Boris, Hristo Dimitrov, Dimitar Sachkov, and Sava Juranov. "A new concept for the Paleogene lithostratigraphy in the onshore part of the Dolna Kamchiya Basin (eastern Bulgaria) on the basis of 3D modeling." Geologica Balcanica 49, no. 2 (2020): 59–73. https://doi.org/10.52321/GeolBalc.49.2.59.

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This study is based on primary lithological data from 96 boreholes and lithostratigraphic interpretation of 17 seismic profiles from the onshore part of the Dolna Kamchiya Basin, which belongs to the onshore sector of the Moesian Platform and comprises the south-easternmost part of the Southern platform zone. Nine formal Paleogene lithostratigraphic units were recognized (the Byala, Komarevo, Dvoynitsa, Beloslav, Dikilitash, Aladan, Avren formations, the Dolni Chiflik Member of the Avren Formation, and the Ruslar Formation). For visualization of their spatial relationships and revealing the de

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Shirmard, Hojat, Ehsan Farahbakhsh, Elnaz Heidari, et al. "A Comparative Study of Convolutional Neural Networks and Conventional Machine Learning Models for Lithological Mapping Using Remote Sensing Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (2022): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040819.

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Lithological mapping is a critical aspect of geological mapping that can be useful in studying the mineralization potential of a region and has implications for mineral prospectivity mapping. This is a challenging task if performed manually, particularly in highly remote areas that require a large number of participants and resources. The combination of machine learning (ML) methods and remote sensing data can provide a quick, low-cost, and accurate approach for mapping lithological units. This study used deep learning via convolutional neural networks and conventional ML methods involving sup

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BULTYNCK, Pierre, and Léon DEJONGHE. "Devonian lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)." Geologica Belgica 4, no. 1-2 (2002): 39–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2014.043.

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This contribution briefly describes seventy Devonian formations from the Dinant and Namur Synclinoria, the Vesdre Nappe and the Theux Window, that were revised or introduced during the previous two decades. The descriptions of the formations are organized in four parts, Lower Devonian, Middle Devonian, Frasnian and Famennian, corresponding to major and minor transgressive and regressive events and demonstrating each typical lithological characteristics. In each part, the following presentation has been adopted: the formations occurring in the Southern part of the Dinant Synclinorium are first

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Agustaman, Rukmini, Muhammad Kasim, and Ronal Hutagalung. "Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis Dalam Pemetaan Zonasi Rawan Banjir Kecamatan Monano Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara." Journal of Applied Geoscience and Engineering 1, no. 2 (2022): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jage.v1i2.17345.

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Monano Subdistrict is one of the sub-districts located in Gorontalo UtaraRegency, Gorontalo Province, which does not have a flood hazard map. Thisstudy aims to determine the geological conditions and create a flood hazardmap. This study collected field data, such as lithological data, plotting dataon flood coordinates of each village, as well as validation data of the floodhazard level. The spatial analysis used in this research scores on flood-proneparameters, such as slope, rainfall, and land use that are overlayed alongwith lithological data. As a result, four geomorphological units are obt

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Abdulmalik, Nana Fatima, and Isiaka Ibrahim Ahmed. "Lithological and Structural Mapping of Basement Rock Units in the Ikara North-Central Basement Complex, Nigeria." UMYU Scientifica 3, no. 4 (2024): 182–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.2434.016.

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Study’s Excerpt The lithological and structural composition of the Ikara North-Central Basement Complex in Nigeria is investigated. Detailed field and petrographic analyses were carried out to identify the rock types of the area. The geological map of the area is updated. Full Abstract The lithological and structural architecture to unravel the compositions and tectonic evolution of the Nigerian Basement Complex has not been fully documented by geoscientists. As such, this research aimed to investigate the lithological and structural characteristics of the Ikara North-Central Basement Complex.

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Saadi, Nureddin, Ousama Elkoul, and Saleh A. Sadeg. "Integrating remote sensing and aeromagnetic data for lithological and structural lineaments mapping in Abu Ghaylan - Kiklah - Tighrinna, northwest Libya." 58, no. 58 (June 1, 2023): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2023-58-08.

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Problems Statement and Purpose. Libya is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the seventeenth-largest country in the world with area of 1,759,540 sq. km. Most of Libya is located in the Sahara Desert and known for being the driest and most remote regions with limited accessibility. In the 1970s, the Industrial Research Center in Libya began to create geological maps of all Libyan lands derived from analog (hard-copy) aerial photographs and geological field trips to some accessible places. Recently, remote sensing and data integration techniques using GIS are crucial to geological survey an

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GULLENTOPS, Frans, Frieda BOGEMANS, Guy De MOOR, Etienne PAULISSEN, and Albert PISSART. "Quaternary lithostratigraphic units (Belgium)." Geologica Belgica 4, no. 1-2 (2002): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2014.051.

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The lithostratigraphic classification of the Quaternary deposits is based on the genesis of the sediments. The distinguished environments are marine - estuarine, fluvial, eolian and slope. The marine - estuarine deposits are restricted to certain time-intervals within the Quaternary and are limited to the northern part of Belgium. Fluvial deposits are found throughout the Quaternary. On the basis of the sedimentological - lithological differentials within the Meuse basin and the Schelde basin a bipartite subdivision of the fluvial deposits is introduced. Eolian deposits are differentiated on t

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A. Olatunji, Olubusayo, Edward A. Okosun, Usman S. Onoduku, and Yahya B. Alkali. "Lithological attributes of hd-001 well, shallow offshore, Niger delta basin, Nigeria." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 9, no. 1 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v9i1.31226.

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Lithological analysis was carried out on 96 ditch cuttings samples from HD-001 well located within the shallow offshore Niger delta basin, Nigeria. Three lithofacies sequences were delineated by the integration of wireline logs textural/lithologic attritudes and the distribution of index accessory minerals. They are transitional paralic, paralic and marine paralic sequences. The lithologic, textural and wireline log data indicate that the entire interval studied in the HD-001 well belongs to the Agbada Formation. The Formation is made up of alternating sand and shale units which suggests rapid

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Beiranvand Pour, A., and M. Hashim. "Alteration zone Mapping in the Meiduk and Sar Cheshmeh Porphyry Copper Mining Districts of Iran using Advanced Land Imager (ALI) Satellite Data." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-2/W2 (October 19, 2015): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-2-w2-111-2015.

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This study evaluates the capability of Earth Observing-1 (EO1) Advanced Land Imager (ALI) data for hydrothermal alteration mapping in the Meiduk and Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper mining districts, SE Iran. Feature-oriented principal components selection, 4/2, 8/9, 5/4 band ratioing were applied to ALI data for enhancing the hydrothermally altered rocks associated with porphyry copper mineralization, lithological units and vegetation. Mixture-tuned matched-filtering (MTMF) was tested to discriminate the hydrothermal alteration areas of porphyry copper mineralization from surrounding environment

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Valchev, Boris, and Hristo Dimitrov. "A new view to the spatial distribution of the Paleogene lithostratigraphic units in the Goren Chiflik Horst based on borehole data." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 81, no. 2 (2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2020.81.2.5.

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The present article aims to provide new data on the spatial distribution and lithological features of the Paleogene lithostratigraphic units in the Goren Chiflik Horst, which is part of the Moesian Platform in Eastern Bulgaria. Eight formal Paleogene lithostratigraphic units were recognized on the basis of primary lithological data derived from 29 borehole sections. They are as follows: the Komarevo Fm. (Thanetian), the Beloslav Fm. (Ypresian), the Dikilitash Fm. (Ypresian), the Aladan Fm. (Ypresian), the Avren Fm. (uppermost Ypresian–lowermost Priabonian), the Dvoynitsa Fm. (Lutetian), the Do

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Pratama, A., A. Idrus, I. W. Warmada, and Saifullah. "Lithological Control to the Gold Mineralization in the Main Ridge Complex of the Bakan Gold District, Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1378, no. 1 (2024): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1378/1/012030.

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Abstract Main Ridge complex is characterized by prominent high sulfidation epithermal-style mineralization with windows of porphyry style mineralization in the deeper zone. Several lithologic features play important controlling role in the occurrences of those mineralization. The oldest rock observed in the Main Ridge complex is unmineralized hornblende diorite (IDO-1) which encompasses the whole Bakan district. Several late intrusive stocks were concealed below the current topographic as mentioned as the microdiorite (IDO-2) and quartz diorite (IDO-3) in which the latter exhibits windows of p

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Mwakanyamale, Kisa, Lee Slater, Andrew Binley, and Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis. "Lithologic imaging using complex conductivity: Lessons learned from the Hanford 300 Area." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 6 (2012): E397—E409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0407.1.

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Field-scale lithologic applications of complex conductivity ([Formula: see text]) imaging have been hindered by the challenges of (1) acquiring reliable induced polarization (IP) measurements and (2) obtaining reliable [Formula: see text] images from the measurements. We performed a series of 2D time domain resistivity/IP surveys at the Hanford 300 Area (Richland, Washington) where the challenge was to image the spatial distribution of two lithologic units that control the exchange between groundwater and surface water of the Columbia River. Exploiting the equivalence between time domain and f

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Nel, W. J., and W. P. Colliston. "The stratigraphy of the T’Goob Sequence (Aggeneys Subgroup) in the eastern Aggeneys Terrane, Namaqua Mobile Belt." South African Journal of Geology 128, no. 1 (2025): 91–114. https://doi.org/10.25131/sajg.128.0004.

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Abstract Most of the deformed amphibolite-grade lithological units of the eastern Aggeneys Terrane are traditionally regarded as correlatives of the Wortel Formation of the Aggeneys Subgroup in the Bushmanland Group. Recent structural-stratigraphic mapping in the eastern part of the terrane identified a series of macroscopic thrust sheets that contain megascopic sheath folds, which preserve unique as well as communal stratigraphic characteristics. The T’Goob megascopic sheath fold in the Lekdam thrust sheet is host to Wortel-type lithologies as well as unusual and exclusive series of metavolca

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Wang, Ziye, Renguang Zuo, and Hao Liu. "Lithological Mapping Based on Fully Convolutional Network and Multi-Source Geological Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 23 (2021): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234860.

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Deep learning algorithms have found numerous applications in the field of geological mapping to assist in mineral exploration and benefit from capabilities such as high-dimensional feature learning and processing through multi-layer networks. However, there are two challenges associated with identifying geological features using deep learning methods. On the one hand, a single type of data resource cannot diagnose the characteristics of all geological units; on the other hand, deep learning models are commonly designed to output a certain class for the whole input rather than segmenting it int

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Asfahani, Jamal. "Radioactive heat production characterization of Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh area (area-2), Syria by using aerial gamma ray spectrometric and fractal modeling techniques." Geofísica Internacional 61, no. 1 (2022): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2022.61.1.2120.

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Aerial gamma-ray spectrometric technique is used herein to evaluate the radioactive heat production (HP) of Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh Area (Area-2), Syria. The nine already established lithological scored units of Area-2 have been separately characterized for the heat production HP parameter. The Concentration-number (C-N) model and the log-log plots associated with fractal technique are proposed and applied as a new approach to map the measured equivalent uranium (eU), the equivalent thorium (eTh), and potassium (K%) and the computed heat production (HP) of Area-2. The HP of Area-2 varies between a

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Valchev, Boris, Hristo Dimitrov, and Dimitar Sachkov. "3D lithostratigraphic model of the Palaeogene in the Avren Plateau." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 81, no. 3 (2020): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2020.81.3.147.

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On the basis of primary lithological data derived from 53 boreholes’ sections and these after the lithostratigraphic interpretation of 5 seismic profiles, a 3D lithostratigraphic model of the Palaeogene rocks in the Avren Plateau was created in purpose to elucidate the spatial distribution and relationships of the established lithostratigraphic units. It includes six formal lithostratigraphical units: the Komarevo, Beloslav, Dikilitash, Aladan, Avren, and Ruslar Formations.

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Ourhzif, Z., A. Algouti, A. Algouti, and F. Hadach. "LITHOLOGICAL MAPPING USING LANDSAT 8 OLI AND ASTER MULTISPECTRAL DATA IN IMINI-OUNILLA DISTRICT SOUTH HIGH ATLAS OF MARRAKECH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 5, 2019): 1255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1255-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study exploited the multispectral Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data in order to map lithological units and structural map in the south High Atlas of Marrakech. The method of analysis was used by principal component analysis (PCA), band ratios (BR), Minimum noise fraction (MNF) transformation. We performed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method to allow the joint use of geomorphic features, textures and multispectral data of the Advanced Space-

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Finch, T. "The Lithological Characteristics of the Glacial Deposits of County Longford." Irish Geography 23, no. 1 (2016): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1990.607.

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A preliminary examination of the glacial geology of Co. Longford is presented. Four lithologically distinct facies of diamicton and three associated glaciofluvial members are examined in terms of their petrographic composition. The units are then interpreted with reference to direction of ice movement, nature of deglaciation and bedrock geology.

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Abdulmalik, Nana, I. Garba, I. Y. Abubakar, et al. "APPLICATION OF LANDSAT-8 OPERATIONAL LAND IMAGER AND SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION-DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL IN THE STUDY OF IKARA AND ITS ENVIRONS, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 4 (2022): 308–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0504-835.

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Images of the earth’s surface captured by radiometric detectors on air-borne (satellite) sensors were employed in geologic reconnaissance survey. They were used to study rock units, pattern and trends of geologic structures on the surface in 2D. Multispectral resolution Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (Landsat-8 OLI), have nine spectral band with spatial resolution of 30 m (bands 1 to 7, and 9) and 15 m for band 8. The aim of this research is to discriminate lithological units/complexes and delineate fractures (lineaments), hence, only bands 2 to 7 were used for this study. This technique wa

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Abdulmalik, Nana, I. Garba, I. Y. Abubakar, et al. "APPLICATION OF LANDSAT-8 OPERATIONAL LAND IMAGER AND SHUTTLE RADAR TOPOGRAPHY MISSION-DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL IN THE STUDY OF IKARA AND ITS ENVIRONS, NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 3 (2021): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0503-701.

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Images of the earth’s surface captured by radiometric detectors on air-borne (satellite) sensors were employed in geologic reconnaissance survey. They were used to study rock units, pattern and trends of geologic structures on the surface in 2D. Multispectral resolution Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (Landsat-8 OLI), have nine spectral band with spatial resolution of 30 m (bands 1 to 7, and 9) and 15 m for band 8. The aim of this research is to discriminate lithological units/complexes and delineate fractures (lineaments), hence, only bands 2 to 7 were used for this study. This technique wa

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HE, DONG-CHEN, and LI WANG. "Recognition of lithological units in airborne SAR images using new texture features." International Journal of Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (1990): 2337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431169008955179.

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Sridharan, Aadityan, and Sundararaman Gopalan. "Correlations among properties of lithological units that contribute to earthquake induced landslides." Materials Today: Proceedings 33 (2020): 2402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.265.

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Krawczyk, Marcin, Kamila Ryzner, Jacek Skurzyński, and Zdzisław Jary. "Lithological indicators of loess sedimentation of SW Poland." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 6, no. 2 (2017): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ctg-2017-0008.

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Abstract High-resolution grain-size investigations were carried out in two SW Polish loess sections: Biały Kościół (Niemcza-Strzelin Hills) and Zaprężyn (Trzebnica Hills). Each sequence was sampled by using the same methodology and samples were taken at 5 centimeters intervals. The particle size distribution was obtained with a Mastersizer 2000 laser, used for diffraction methods. From the obtained results the basic parameters and grain size indicators were calculated: Mz, Grain Size Index ratio, U-ratio and the percentage content of clay (< 4μm) and sand (> 63 μm). Both loess-soil seque

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Παπανικολάου, Δ. I., Σ. Γ. Λόζιος, K. Ι. Σούκης, and Εμ Ν. Σκούρτσος. "THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ALLOCHTHONOUS "ATHENS SCHISTS"." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (2004): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16513.

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Based on lithological fades, deformation and metamorphic degree the alpine tectonostratigraphic complex known in the literature as "Athens Schists" is divided into two units: the non-metamorphosed overlying Athens Unit and the very low grade metamorphosed underlying Alepovouni Unit. Athens Unit crops out in several hills of the western and central part of the Athens Basin emerging through the post-alpine sediments. It comprises several lithologies that constitute two lithologie groups: the first one of neritic white massive-to thick-bedded carbonates that bear rudist fragments and Upper Cretac

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Verbeek, J. W., C. S. de Leeuw, N. Parker, and Th E. Wong. "Characterisation and correlation of Tertiary seismostratigraphic units in the Roer Valley Graben." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 81, no. 2 (2002): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600022393.

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AbstractWithin the Cenozoic sedimentary section of the Roer Valley Graben ten seismostratigraphic units have been identified. They are closely related to the lithological framework which makes it possible to recognize diem also on well logs in this region. The Lower Tertiary seismic units, representing mainly marine sediments, have a uniform development mat can be correlated over large distances into the German part of the Roer Valley Graben. The marine to continental Upper Tertiary and Quaternary seismic units display a more complex development due to lateral facies changes (including prograd

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Lafrance, Bruno, Jerry C. DeWolfe, and Greg M. Stott. "A structural reappraisal of the BeardmoreGeraldton Belt at the southern boundary of the Wabigoon subprovince, Ontario, and implications for gold mineralization." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 2 (2004): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-090.

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The BeardmoreGeraldton Belt occurs along the southern margin of the Archean Wabigoon subprovince, Superior Province, Ontario. The belt consists of shear-bounded interleaved metasedimentary and metavolcanic units. The units were imbricated from 2696 to 2691 Ma during D1 thrusting and accretion of the Wabigoon, Quetico, and Wawa subprovinces. Post-accretion D2 deformation produced regional F2 folds that transposed lithological units parallel to the axial plane S2 cleavage of the folds. During D3 deformation, the folds were overprinted by a regional S3 cleavage oriented anticlockwise of F2 axial

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Kumar, Santosh, Rama Chandrudu Arasada, and Gangumalla Srinivasa Rao. "Multi-Scale Potential Field Data Integration Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering for Automated Geological Mapping of North Singhbhum Mobile Belt, Eastern Indian Craton." Minerals 13, no. 8 (2023): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13081014.

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Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that helps to integrate multiple geophysical datasets and provides automated objective-oriented information. This study analyzed ground-based Bouguer gravity and aeromagnetic datasets using the FCM clustering algorithm to classify lithological units in the western part of the North Singhbhum Mobile Belt, a mineralized belt in the Eastern Indian Craton. The potential field signatures of clusters obtained using FCM correlate remarkably well with the existing surface geology on a broad scale. The cluster associated with

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Munkhsuren, Badrakh, Batkhuyag Enkhdalai, Tserendash Narantsetseg, Khurelchuluun Udaanjargal, Demberel Orolmaa, and Dolgorjav Munkhjin. "Lithological mapping using remote sensing techniques: A case study of Alagbayan area, Dornogobi province, Mongolia." Mongolian Geoscientist 26, no. 53 (2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v26i53.1790.

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This study investigated the multispectral remote sensing techniques including ASTER, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2A data in order to distinguish different lithological units in the Alagbayan area of Dornogobi province, Mongolia. Therefore, Principal component analysis (PCA), Band ratio (BR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), which are widely used image enhancement methods, have been applied to the satellite images for lithological mapping. The result of supervised classification shows that Landsat data gives a better classification with an overall accuracy of 93.43% and a kappa coefficient of

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Appiah-Twum, Michael, Wenbo Xu, and Emmanuel Daanoba Sunkari. "Mapping Lithology with Hybrid Attention Mechanism–Long Short-Term Memory: A Hybrid Neural Network Approach Using Remote Sensing and Geophysical Data." Remote Sensing 16, no. 23 (2024): 4613. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234613.

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Remote sensing provides an efficient roadmap in geological analysis and interpretation. However, some challenges arise when remote sensing techniques are integrated with machine learning in geological surveys. Factors including irregular spatial distribution, sample imbalance, interclass resemblances, regolith, and geochemical similarities impede geological feature diagnosis, interpretation, and identification across varied remote sensing datasets. To address these limitations, a hybrid-attention-integrated long short-term memory (LSTM) network is employed to diagnose, interpret, and identify

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Nugroho, Hary, Ketut Wikantika, Satria Bijaksana, and Asep Saepuloh. "Integration of remote sensing and geophysical data to enhance lithological mapping utilizing the Random Forest classifier: a case study from Komopa, Papua Province, Indonesia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 10, no. 3 (2023): 4417. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2023.103.4417.

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Lithological information is important in mineral resource exploration, geological observations, mine planning or degradation vulnerability assessment. Currently, lithology mapping can be performed in a fast, inexpensive, and easy way using remote sensing data and machine learning. Remote sensing techniques have become a valuable and promising tool for mapping lithological units and searching for minerals. Typically, the integration of remote sensing data with geophysical data provides a better diagnosis to lithological units than single-source mapping methodologies. Accordingly, this study use

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Widera, Marek, Jakub Klęsk, and Paweł Urbański. "The geology of the deepest Cenozoic lignite-rich grabens in Poland with particular reference to their lithostratigraphy: a comparative study." Geology, Geophysics and Environment 50, no. 2 (2024): 131–43. https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2024.50.2.131.

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The thickest lignite seams in Poland are located in tectonic depressions such as the Kleszczów, Złoczew, and Lubstów grabens, as well as the Zittau (Żytawa) Basin. Their depth ranges from 220 m to 550 m, while the maximum lignite thickness ranges from approximately 90 m to over 250 m. The areas selected for this study include two Miocene lignite seams that have been exploited or prepared for mining, i.e. the third Ścinawa lignite seam (ŚLS-3) and the second Lusatian lignite seam (LLS-2). Currently, more than 95% of the Polish lignite production comes from the exploitation of these seams. Both

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