Journal articles: 'LITHOTRIPSY/adverse effects'

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Eterović, Davor, Marijan Šitum, Vinko Marković, and Ante Punda. "Wrong perspective obscures the adverse effects of shock-wave lithotripsy." Urolithiasis 41, no. 1 (December 23, 2012): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00240-012-0519-6.

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McCarty, Thomas R., Zain Sobani, and Tarun Rustagi. "Per-oral pancreatoscopy with intraductal lithotripsy for difficult pancreatic duct stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Endoscopy International Open 08, no. 10 (October 2020): E1460—E1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1236-3187.

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Abstract Background and study aims Per-oral pancreatoscopy (POP) with intraductal lithotripsy via electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) or laser lithotripsy (LL) facilitates optically-guided stone fragmentation of difficult pancreatic stones refractory to conventional endoscopic therapy. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of POP with intraductal lithotripsy for difficult pancreatic duct stones. Methods Individualized search strategies were developed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. This was a cumulative meta-analysis performed by calculating pooled proportions with rates estimated using random effects models. Measured outcomes included pooled technical success, complete or partial stone fragmentation success, complete duct clearance after initial lithotripsy session, and adverse events (AEs). Results Ten studies (n = 302 patients; 67.72 % male; mean age 55.10 ± 3.22 years) were included with mean stone size of 10.66 ± 2.19 mm. The most common stone location was in the pancreatic head (66.17 %). Pooled technical success was 91.18 % with an overall fragmentation success of 85.77 %. Single lithotripsy session stone fragmentation and pancreatic duct clearance occurred in 62.05 % of cases. Overall, adverse events were reported in 14.09 % of patients with post-procedure pancreatitis developing in 8.73 %. Of these adverse events, 4.84 % were classified as serious. Comparing POP-EHL vs POP-LL, there was no significant difference in technical success, fragmentation success, single session duct clearance, or AEs (P > 0.0500). Conclusions Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis, POP with intraductal lithotripsy appears to be an effective and relatively safe procedure for patients with difficult to remove pancreatic duct stones.

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McAteer, James A., and Andrew P. Evan. "The Acute and Long-Term Adverse Effects of Shock Wave Lithotripsy." Seminars in Nephrology 28, no. 2 (March 2008): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2008.01.003.

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Shrivastava, Nitin, Brusabhanu Nayak, Prabhjot Singh, Prem N. Dogra, Rakesh Kumar, and Maroof A. Khan. "Punctures versus shocks: a comparison of renal functional and structural changes after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shockwave lithotripsy for solitary renal stone." Journal of Clinical Urology 13, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415819888083.

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Objective: To evaluate renal functional and structural changes following percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shockwave lithotripsy for solitary non-obstructing non-staghorn renal stone. Materials and methods: Patients with solitary unilateral non-staghorn renal stones who were planned for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (20 patients) and shockwave lithotripsy (20 patients) were prospectively evaluated for renal functional and structural changes 60 days after the procedure and complete clearance of stones. Tc99-dimercaptosuccinic acid was used to assess cortical scarring and Tc99-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and Tc99-levo levo ethylecysteine were used for glomerular filtration rate calculations, respectively. Results: The mean stone size was 24.4 mm and 13.7 mm in the percutaneous nephrolithotomy group and the shockwave lithotripsy group, respectively. No new cortical scars developed in either of the groups on Tc99-dimercaptosuccinic acid scan. Both the treated and untreated kidneys showed an overall insignificant fall in glomerular filtration rate in both the groups. The number of patients showing significant deterioration in the individual glomerular filtration rate in both the treated and untreated renal unit was more in the shockwave lithotripsy group. Conclusion: Both percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shockwave lithotripsy are comparable in terms of adverse effects on renal parenchyma and renal function. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.

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McAteer, James A., Andrew P. Evan, Bret A. Connors, James C. Williams, and Lynn R. Willis. "Adverse effects of shock waves and strategies for improved treatment in shock wave lithotripsy." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117, no. 4 (April 2005): 2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4785607.

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Eterović, Davor, Marijan Šitum, Vinko Marković, Krunoslav Kuna, and Ante Punda. "Are we estimating the adverse effects of shock-wave lithotripsy on a faulty scale?" Medical Hypotheses 82, no. 6 (June 2014): 691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2014.03.005.

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Cordes, Jens, Felix Nguyen, Birgit Lange, Ralf Brinkmann, and Dieter Jocham. "Damage of Stone Baskets by Endourologic Lithotripters: A Laboratory Study of 5 Lithotripters and 4 Basket Types." Advances in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/632790.

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Background. In some cases, the ureteral stone is simultaneously stabilized by a stone basket when endourologic lithotripsy is performed. This stabilization can be either on purpose or by accident. By accident means that an impaction in the ureter occurs by an extraction of a stone with a basket. A stabilization on purpose means to avoid a retropulsion of the stone into the kidney during lithotripsy. At this part of the operation, stone baskets have been frequently damaged. This severing of wires can lead to ureteral trauma because of hook formation.Material and Methods. In a laboratory setting, the time and the pulse numbers were measured until breaking the wires from four different nitinol stone baskets by using five different lithotripsy devices. The endpoint was gross visibledamage to the wire and loss of electric conduction.Results. The Ho:YAG laser and the ultrasonic device were able to destroy almost all the wires. The ballistic devices and the electrohydraulic device were able to destroy thin wires.Conclusion. The operating surgeon should know the risk of damagefor every lithotripter. The Ho:YAG-laser and the ultrasonic device should be classified as dangerous for the basket wire with all adverse effects to the patient.

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Fankhauser, Christian D., Benedikt Kranzbühler, Cédric Poyet, Thomas Hermanns, Tullio Sulser, and Johann Steurer. "Long-term Adverse Effects of Extracorporeal Shock-wave Lithotripsy for Nephrolithiasis and Ureterolithiasis: A Systematic Review." Urology 85, no. 5 (May 2015): 991–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.014.

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Yoshizaki, Tomokazu, Yumjxo Maruyama, Rinichiro Wakasa, Isamu Motoi, and Mitsuru Furukawa. "Clinical Evaluation of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Salivary Stones." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105, no. 1 (January 1996): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949610500111.

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The treatment of sialolithiasis is discussed in this report. Generally, stones within the distal salivary duct are easily removed by transoral ductotomy, although proximal stones are usually treated by excision of the salivary gland and its duct. Since 1980, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been in clinical use for the treatment of renal and gallbladder stones. We used this technique as a treatment for sialolithiasis. We undertook ESWL on 14 submandibular gland stone patients, 1 parotid gland stone patient, and 3 submandibular duct stone patients. In 10 of 14 submandibular gland stone patients and 1 parotid gland stone patient, clinical symptoms such as pain and swelling disappeared without excision of the affected salivary gland. Stones larger than 10 mm seem to have a tendency to form Steinstrassen. Although computed tomography findings correlate with success in breaking up gallstones, they did not predict success for salivary stones. We conclude that sialolithiasis is treated successfully without adverse effects by ESWL in selected patients.

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Al Sawaftah, Nour M., and Ghaleb A. Husseini. "Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy: A Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 7211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18877.

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The use of ultrasound as a medical diagnostic tool began in the 1940s. Ever since, the medical applications of ultrasound have included imaging, tumor ablation, and lithotripsy; however, an ever-increasing body of literature demonstrates that ultrasound has potential in other medical applications, including targeted drug delivery. Site-specific drug delivery involves delivering drugs to diseased areas with a high degree of precision, which is particularly advantageous in cancer treatment as it would minimize the adverse side effects experienced by patients. This review addresses the ability of ultrasound to induce localized and controlled drug release from nanocarriers, namely micelles and liposomes, utilizing thermal and/or mechanical effects. The interactions of ultrasound with micelles and liposomes, the effects of the lipid composition, and ultrasound parameters on the release of encapsulated drugs are discussed. In addition, a survey of the literature detailing some in vitro and in vivo ultrasound triggered drug delivery systems is presented.

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Savic, Slavisa, Vinka Vukotic, Miodrag Lazic, and Natasa Savic. "Stenting versus non-stenting following uncomplicated ureteroscopic lithotripsy: Comparsion and evaluation of symptoms." Vojnosanitetski pregled 73, no. 9 (2016): 850–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp150525071s.

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Background/Aim. Currently, ureterorenoscopic (URS) stone fragmentation and removal is the treatment of choice for managing ureteral stones, especially mid and distal ones and is advocated as initial management of ureteric stones. The aim of this work was to evaluate the symptoms, necessity, potential benefits and adverse effects of ureteral stent placement after uncomplicated ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Methods. This retrospective-prospective study evaluated a total of 125 patients who had underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL). The patients were divided into two groups: stented (59 patients) and unstented (controls, 66 patients). The outcomes measured and compared between the two groups included: stone free rate, postoperative patient pain validated by scale, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), the need for unplanned hospital care, stent related complications, and functional recovery in the form return to normal physical activities. Results. A successful outcome, defined as being stonefree after 12 weeks, was achieved in all 125 (100%) patients. The stone-free rate showed no significant differences between the two groups. LUTS was frequent complaint in the stented group, with statistically significant difference in the domain of frequency/urgency (p = 0.0314). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in the mean operative time and mean hospitalization time, mean pain visual analog scale (VAS) score and in the use of nonnarcotic analgesic. On the day of the surgery and until postoperative day 3 (POD 3) and postoperative day 5 (POD 5), the pain score was much higher among stented patients than among the controls (p = 0.0001) and non-narcotic analgesic use (p = 0.001) was frequently required in the stented group. Conclusion. Routine placement of ureteral stent after URSL is not mandatory and may be associated with stent side effects. Uncomplicated URSL is safe without stent placement after the treatment.

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Khan, Mohammad Kamran, Asiya Hassan, Mohammad Hanif, Gohar Alam, Liaqat Ali, Mohammad Naveed, and Ihsan Ullah. "The Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Cystolithotripsy for Vesical Calculus in Children: A Single-Center Study." American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 7, no. 12 (October 18, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1234.

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Purpose: The study aimed to assess the outcome and safety of PCCL in the pediatric population coming with bladder stones in developing countries. Methodology: Patients of pediatric age with vesical calculus were evaluated for PCCL. Department of Peads Urology Institute of Kidney Diseases Thirty participants were included in the single center study, with enrollment beginning in January 2000 and ending in August 2021. General anesthesia was used for the operation. Following a cystoscopy examination, a suprapubic puncture was performed, and the urethral tract was dilated to a maximum of 26 Fr. Pneumatic lithotripsy was used to break up the stone. A nephroscope was used to see where it was lodged so it could be removed. A percutaneous urethral catheter was inserted was taken out after 48 postoperative hours. Findings: The patients' median age was 4.1 (1-10). Patients tended to be men. The typical size of a gem was 10.1 millimeters. The average operational time to successfully remove the stones was just 30 minutes. Hematuria, infection, and mild mucosal damage were the only serious complications seen during or after surgery, and all were treated conservatively. Ammonium acid urate comprised the bulk of the stones and the nucleus in 26 cases (86%). Percutaneous suprapubic lithotripsy is a tested and reliable method with a high success rate for treating bladder stones in children. The procedure is short and has few adverse effects.

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Madhoun, Mohammad F., Sachin Wani, Sam Hong, William M. Tierney, and John T. Maple. "Endoscopic Papillary Large Balloon Dilation Reduces the Need for Mechanical Lithotripsy in Patients with Large Bile Duct Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy 2014 (March 6, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/309618.

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Background. Removal of large stones can be challenging and frequently requires the use of mechanical lithotripsy (ML). Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) following endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is a technique that appears to be safe and effective. However, data comparing ES + EPLBD with ES alone have not conclusively shown superiority of either technique. Objective. To assess comparative efficacies and rate of adverse events of these methods. Method. Studies were identified by searching nine medical databases for reports published between 1994 and 2013, using a reproducible search strategy. Only studies comparing ES and ES + EPLBD with regard to large bile duct stone extraction were included. Pooling was conducted by both fixed-effects and random-effects models. Risk ratio (RR) estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results. Seven studies (involving 902 patients) met the inclusion criteria; 3 of 7 studies were prospective trials. Of the 902 patients, 463 were in the ES + EPLBD group, whereas 439 underwent ES alone. There were no differences noted between the groups with regard to overall stone clearance (98% versus 95%, RR = 1.01 [0.97, 1.05]; P =0.60) and stone clearance at the 1st session (87% versus 79%, RR = 1.11 [0.98, 1.25]; P =0.11). ES + EPLBD was associated with a reduced need for ML compared to ES alone (15% versus 32%; RR = 0.49 [0.32, 0.74]; P = 0.0008) and was also associated with a reduction in the overall rate of adverse events (11% versus 18%; RR = 0.58 [0.41, 0.81]; P =0.001). Conclusions. ES + EPLBD has similar efficacy to ES alone while significantly reducing the need for ML. Further, ES + EPLBD appears to be safe, with a lower rate of adverse events than traditional ES. ES + EPLBD should be considered as a first-line technique in the management of large bile duct stones.

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Mehrabi, S., and K. Karimzadeh Shirazi. "E181 Comparision of efficacy and adverse effects of Fentanyl and combination of Pethedine and Midazolam for pain control during Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL)." European Urology Supplements 10, no. 7 (October 2011): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-9056(11)61297-9.

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Emiliani, Esteban, Adrian Jara, and Andres Koey Kanashiro. "Phytotherapy and Herbal Medicines for Kidney Stones." Current Drug Targets 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450121666200929115555.

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Background: Kidney stones are one of the oldest known and common diseases in the urinary tract with a prevalence that varies from 1% to 20%. Many phytotherapic and herbal medicines for kidney stones have been described for their treatment and prevention. Objective: The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of several phytotherapic and herbal medicines published including clinical and animal studies. Results: Phytotherapy may influence the risk of recurrence in calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. The most solid evidence suggest that Phyllanthus niruri is one of the most studied components that appear to interfere with the calcium oxalate crystallization, reduced hyperoxaluria and hiperuricosuria and increased shock wave lithotripsy efficacy due to reduced crystallization without significant adverse effects, also Theobromine have shown to reduce the crystallization of uric acid in patients and appears to be a promising supplement to treat such stones. Conclusion: Many phytoterapic and herbal agents have been studies to treat and present urolithiasis, most of them only with studies of small number of patients or in animal models. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effect of these agents in kidney stones.

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Koch, Marc E., Zeev N. Kain, Chakib Ayoub, and Stanley H. Rosenbaum. "The Sedative and Analgesic Sparing Effect of Music." Anesthesiology 89, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199808000-00005.

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Background To determine whether music influences intraoperative sedative and analgesic requirements, two randomized controlled trials were performed. Methods In phase 1, 35 adults undergoing urologic procedures with spinal anesthesia and patient-controlled intravenous propofol sedation were randomly assigned to hear favorable intraoperative music via headset or to have no music. In phase 2, 43 adults undergoing lithotripsy treatment of renal or ureteral calculi and receiving patient-controlled intravenous opioid analgesia were randomly assigned to either a music or no-music group. The effect of music on sedatives and analgesics requirements, recovery room duration, and adverse outcomes was assessed. Results In phase 1, patients in the music group required significantly less propofol for sedation than patients in the control group (0 [0-150] mg vs. 90 [0-240] mg, median[range]; P < 0.001). These findings persisted after adjusting for duration of surgery (0.3+/-0.1 mg/min vs. 1.6+/-0.4 mg/min; P < 0.001). Similarly, in phase 2, patients who listened to music had a significant reduction in alfentanil requirements (1,600 [0-4,250] microg vs. 3,900 [0-7,200] microg; P = 0.005). This persisted after adjusting for duration of surgery (52+/-9 microg/min vs. 119 +/-16 microg/min, mean +/- SD, P < 0.001). Duration of stay in the postanesthesia care unit and the rate of adverse events was similar in both groups (P = NS). Conclusions Use of intraoperative music in awake patients decreases patient-controlled sedative and analgesic requirements. It should be noted, however, that patients in the no-music group did not use a headset during operation. Thus, the decrease in sedative and analgesic requirements could be caused by elimination of ambient operating room noise and not by the effects of music.

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Sorensen, Mathew D., and Michael R. Bailey. "Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Application and Future Direction." DeckerMed Urology, December 1, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/uro.11013.

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Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy all have an important role in the management of patients with kidney and ureteral stones. SWL remains popular with providers and is preferred by many patients. This review describes the pros and cons of these procedures, the appropriate conditions for SWL, indicators for successful outcomes for SWL, effective SWL technique, and adverse effects. Also reported are the imaging and therapeutic research to improve SWL effectiveness. This may expand the use of SWL by addressing some of SWL’s current limitations and lead to improved patient outcomes. This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 85 references Key words: burst wave lithotripsy, cavitation, comminution, coupling, endourology, kidney injury, kidney stones, minimally invasive, nephrolithiasis, shock wave lithotripsy, stone-free rate, ultrasonic propulsion, urolithiasis

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Barreto, Lenka, Jae Hung Jung, Ameera Abdelrahim, Munir Ahmed, Guy P. C. Dawkins, and Marcin Kazmierski. "Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children: A Cochrane Review." Canadian Urological Association Journal 13, no. 12 (March 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.5787.

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Introduction: We performed systematic review to assess the effects of different medical and surgical management of urinary stones in children. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials), trials registries (World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov), and abstract proceedings of major urological and paediatric urology meetings, with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status, up until December 2017. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs. Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility of studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in accordance with the Cochrane ‘Risk of bias’ tool. We performed statistical analyses using a random-effects model and assessed the quality of the evidence according to GRADE. Results: We included 14 studies with a total of 978 randomized participants in our review, informing seven comparisons with shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, ureterorenoscopy (regardless of the type of lithotripsy), open stone surgery, and medical expulsive therapy. There was very low quality of evidence in the most comparisons with regards to the effectiveness and adverse events for the treatment of paediatric upper renal tract stone disease. Conclusions: Based on mostly very low-quality evidence for most comparisons and outcomes, we are uncertain about the effect of nearly all medical and surgical interventions to treat stone disease in children. There is a critical need for better quality trials assessing patient-important outcomes in children with stone disease to inform future guidelines on the management of this condition.

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Ktenopoulos, N. K., M. Sagris, and A. T. Tzoumas. "Efficacy of coronary intravascular lithotripsy in coronary stenosis with severe calcification: a systematic review and meta-analysis." European Heart Journal 42, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2085.

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Abstract Introduction Coronary calcification impedes proper stent deployment and expansion leading to an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Coronary Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) technology uses localized pulsative sonic pressure waves to disrupt subendothelial calcification and constitutes a promising technique for patients with severe coronary calcification. Purpose Our aim was to systematically review and summarize available data regarding the safety and efficacy of IVL in preparing severely calcified coronary plaques before stenting. Methods This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. We systematically searched PubMed, SCOPUS and Cochrane databases, from their inception to February 20, 2021 for studies assessing characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing IVL before stent implantation. A random effects model meta-analysis was performed to assess the diameter of the vessel lumen before and after IVL along with the presence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results Eight studies comprising 971 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Mean age was 72.22±8.8 years and the majority of patients were males (78.4%). The overall success rate was 94% (95% CI: 90%-98%), while the in-hospital and 30-days incidence of MACE, MI and death were 8% (95% CI: 3%-14%), 10% (95% CI: 7%-14%), and 1% (95% CI: 0%-1%), respectively. There was a significant increase in the vessel diameter (SMD: 4.03, 95% CI: 3.32–4.74, I2=92%) and the lumen area (SMD: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.78–1.55, I2=84.7%), while decrease was observed in the diameter stenosis (SMD: −6.29, 95% CI: −7.65 to −4.92, I2=96.4%) post-IVL when compared to pre-IVL. Mean acute luminal gain following IVL was estimated to be 1.54±0.5mm. Conclusions IVL seems to be an effective and safe technique for preparing severely calcified lesions before PCI. Future prospective cohorts are needed to validate our results. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

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Aziz, Muhammad, Zubair Khan, Hossein Haghbin, Faisal Kamal, Sachit Sharma, Wade M. Lee-Smith, Asad Pervez, Yaseen Alastal, Ali T. Nawras, and Nirav Thosani. "Endoscopic Sphincterotomy vs Papillary Large Balloon Dilation vs Combination Modalities For Large Common Bile Duct Stone: A Network Meta-Analysis." Endoscopy International Open, October 10, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1958-2348.

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Background/Aims The optimal technique for removal of large common bile duct (CBD) stone (≥10mm) during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains unclear. We aimed to perform a comparative analysis between different endoscopic techniques. Methods Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a stringent search of the following databases through January 12th, 2021, were undertaken: PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Randomized controlled trials comparing the following endoscopic techniques were included: (1) Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), (2) Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD), and (3) EST plus large balloon dilation (ESLBD). Stone clearance rate on index ERCP (SCR) was the primary outcome/endpoint. Need for mechanical lithotripsy (ML) and adverse events were evaluated as secondary endpoint. Random effects model and frequentist approach were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 16 studies with 2545 patients (1009 in EST group, 588 in EPLBD group, and 948 patients in ESLBD group) were included. The SCR was significantly higher in ESLBD compared to EST (RR: 1.11, CI: 1.00-1.24). Lower need for ML was noted for ESLBD (RR: 0.48, CI: 0.31-0.74) and EPLBD (RR: 0.58, CI: 0.34-0.98) compared to EST. All other outcomes including bleeding, perforation, PEP, stone recurrence, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and mortality did not show significant difference between the three groups. Based on network ranking, ESLBD was superior in terms of SCR as well as lower need for ML and adverse events. Conclusion Based on network meta-analysis, ESLBD seems to be superior with higher SCR and lower need for ML and adverse events for large CBD stones.

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Paudyal, Prajwal, Kalpesh Parmar, Kumar Rajiv Ranjan, and Santosh Kumar. "Long segment right ureteric stricture following ureterorenoscopy for upper ureteric stone: A disastrous complication of endourology." Journal of Clinical Urology, September 20, 2020, 205141582095790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415820957904.

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Background: Nephrolithiasis is a common ailment in developing countries such as India. Ureteroscopic management has superseded shockwave lithotripsy as the common treatment for upper urinary tract stones. The process of miniaturizing the instrument along with improved quality of video processor has amplified its potential application, maintaining the procedure safe and effective. However, with its extensive use, complications have risen in parallel, and one should be aware of its adverse effects. Ureteric stricture though rare is a serious problem and risks the loss of renal function. Case presentation: A 37-year-old male presented with right flank pain. On evaluation, he was diagnosed with right upper ureteric stone and left renal stone. The patient suffered ureteric perforation while the right ureterorenoscopy was being performed, and an open repair was done. On postoperative follow-up, he developed long segment ureteric stricture. Boari flap ureteroneocystostomy was done. Conclusion: Iatrogenic ureteric injury following ureterorenoscopy is common, minor and managed conservatively. Important tips to prevent major injury are: placement of the safety guide wire across the length of the ureter, small-calibre scopes during access if a tight gripping sensation is present and the use of lubricant along the length of the ureteroscope.

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Rasool, Mohammed, Tariq Mousa, Hayjaa Alhamadani, and Ahmed Ismael. "Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants for the management of renal stones: A review." Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, June 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47419/bjbabs.v3i02.133.

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Kidney stones are among the oldest and most widespread urinary tract ailments, impacting people all over the globe with a high recurrence rate. The mechanism of kidney stone formation includes events such as urine supersaturation, aggregation, retention, nucleation, and growth of crystals in the cells of the renal tubular epithelium. Kidney stones may cause extreme pain and blockage of urine flow. They are usually treated with synthetic drugs and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as well as a variety of medications that may cause several adverse effects. The remaining stone fragments and the risk of infection following ESWL are severe problems in the treatment of kidney stones. Recently, despite the emergence of synthetic drugs, medicinal plants have been recognized and utilized in many nations due to their safety profile, efficiency, cultural acceptance, and fewer side effects than synthetic drugs. Medicinal plants are used in different cultures as a reliable source of natural remedies. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information about traditionally used antiurolithiatic plants as well as their scientifically proven pharmacological activities, their primary chemical ingredients, and potential mechanisms of action, such as analgesic, astringent, demulcent, diuretic activity, antioxidant activity, inhibition of the inflammatory process, nucleation inhibition, crystallization inhibition, inhibition of crystal aggregation, reducing hyperoxaluria, reducing stone size, and reducing urine supersaturation.

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Sharma, Yogesh Kumar, and Umesh Kumar Gilhotra. "A REVIEW ON UROLITHIASIS." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 8, no. 6 (November 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v8i6.679.

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Urolithiasis is the urinary disorder characterized by formation of stone in the urinary tract, urinary bladder and kidneys. Urolithiasis is considered to be a risk of urinary incontinence and may be associated with urinary incontinence. A urinary stone commonly occurs in males and are calculated on the basis of their mineral composition. Approximately 80% of urinary stones composed as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Urinary calculi can cause disruption to the urinary system, hydrophoresis, infections and bleeding. Root stone formation is the result of several mechanisms. Whereas exceeding supersaturation (i.e. free stone formation) is the cause of uric acid or cystine calculi, infection stones result from bacterial metabolism. Renal calculi can be broadly classified in two large groups: tissue attached and unattached. Components in diet increase the risk of stone formation include low intake of fluid and animal protein, sodium, sugar and syrup high corn fruit, oxalate, grape juice, apple juice and cola drinks. Vegetarian diets, spices and liquids may be helpful in treating and prevention and kidney stones. Therefore, the best way to prevent kidney stones is to consume a lot of water and a magnesium rich vegan. Common medications used to prevent urolithiasis do not work for all patients, and many have adverse effects that endanger their long-term use. Managing today's urolithiasis with open renal surgery is unusual and rarely used, only by the introduction of Extracorporeal Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is useful but it is expensive. Herbs and herbal medicines have created interest among people with its clinically proven effects such as immunomodulation and antimutagenic. Also, abusing synthetic drugs due to serious side effects of the drug has allowed humans to return to nature for safe treatment. Kew words: hydrophoresis, Urolithiasis

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Pereira, Cecilia, Carolina Villalobos, Cristian Flores, and Nicolas Crisosto. "SUN-047 Cosmetic Injection of Silicone in a Transgender Person Leading to Granulomatous Disease with Hypercalcemia and Terminal Kidney Failure." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1718.

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Abstract Background: Granulomatous disease secondary to cosmetic injection of silicone is an uncommon cause of hypercalcemia. Transgender persons with limited access to appropriate surgery commonly use this procedure as an alternative, which can cause serious complications. Clinical Case: Forty year old transgender women with a 7-year history of nephrolithiasis treated with lithotripsy, pyelotomy and requiring the installation of a pig tail. She is admitted at the emergency room due to renal failure. Non-contrast CT rules out acute obstruction and lab tests conclude terminal kidney failure so she is started with dialysis and discharged. Two months later she returns with fever, she is diagnosed with central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection associated to the dialysis catheter and is started with antibiotics. Physical exam reveals pigmented, indurated nodular areas in her buttocks, hips and legs. The patient is re-interrogated and admits to have had injections of industrial silicone at the age of 22 in the described nodular areas. Regarding her transition process she had a vaginoplasty at 25 years old and was started with estrogens at that time but abandoned controls thereafter. Laboratory: Calcium 10, 8 (8,6-10,2 mg/dl), P 6 (2,5-4,5 mg/dl), PTH 17 (12-88 pg / ml), 25OHVD 3 (30ng / ml). Abdominal and thorax CT showed multiple pulmonary nodules, hilar, axillar and retroperitoneal adenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, and subcutaneous granulomas with calcification in the buttocks and lumbar areas. HVB, HVC, VDRL and HIV serologies were negative as were ANA, pANCA and Rheumatoid Factor. Myelogram was normal. Biopsy of the involved skin and axillary lymph nodes revealed foreign body granulomatous reaction. Real Time PCR determination of the CYP27B1 mRNA showed a positive expression of this gene in the lesions confirming increased 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity as the cause of hypercalcemia. Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy showed increased activity in the soft tissue of the hips, buttocks and legs. Currently she maintains dialysis with normal values of calcium and is following regular controls in our gender program. Conclusion: Granulomatous disease due to cosmetic injection of silicone is a cause of hypercalcemia that should be suspected in the appropriate context. It is important to educate the transgender community about the possible severe adverse effects of these not authorized procedures.

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Ibopishak, S. O., and D. A. Bimola. "Comparative Study of the Treatment of Kidney Stone with Upupa Epops, Cissus Adanta Roxb and Cissus Javana DC in the Urinary Medium." European Journal of Advanced Chemistry Research 1, no. 4 (July 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejchem.2020.1.4.8.

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Kidney stone is a very common disease suffered by many peoples. It causes health problems such as severe pain, urinary obstruction and infection that adversely affect well being individuals. It may be treated by using allopathic and herbal drugs, lithotripsy, open surgery etc. Medicinal plants are also used for such treatment. These plants are less side effect and more economic. In this article, chemoinhibitory effects of Upupa epops, Cissus adnata Roxb and Cissus javana DC for calcium phosphate (CP) stone and calcium oxalate(CaOX) stone formation in the aqueous and urinary media is studied. Kidney stone is treated with Hoopoe, Cissus adnata Roxb and Cissus javana DC in the urinary medium. The comparative study shows the inhibitory effect of the mixture of Hoopoe and Cissus javana DC for CP and CaOX stones in the aqueous and urinary media is higher and also the digestion or dissolution of kidney stone is higher by this mixture in the urinary medium.

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Journal articles on the topic 'LITHOTRIPSY/adverse effects'

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