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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '(Lithuania and Poland : 1569)'
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1
Roşu, Felicia. "Contractual majesty electoral politics in Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania, 1571-1586 /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/454250042/viewonline.
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Bues, Almut. "Das Herzogtum Kurland und der Norden der polnisch-litauischen Adelsrepublik im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert Möglichkeiten von Integration und Autonomie /." Giessen : Litblockin, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50207345.html.
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Worrall, David James. "Foreign trade developments in Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus & Moldova (1996-2006)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2573/.
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This thesis analyses the key developments in foreign trade for Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Moldova on a comparative basis between 1996 and 2006. It examines trade developments and restructuring with the region’s two major trade blocs: the European Union (EU) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Using dependable trade models pioneered by Béla Belassa and Herbert Grubel and Peter J. Lloyd, the analyses involve revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and intra-industry trade (IIT) to determine the extent to which structural changes have or have not occurred, which domestic industries are becoming more competitive and the degree of differentiation present. The reason for choosing the aforementioned measurement indices is straightforward. On one hand, RCA identifies those industries that have become relatively more competitive, and attempts to assess whether a given industry enjoys a comparative advantage in production by means of measuring exports. On the other hand, IIT supposes the opposite of comparative advantage theory, and affirms that differences between countries are not the only rationale for trade, because of the presence of increasing returns in scale economies. Thus, it examines the simultaneous import and export of identical, similar or differentiated products in the same industry often between similar countries. Although both indices are usually considered alternatives to each other, there is good reason to see them as complementary. The results of both indices, therefore, provide critical information from which to assess the degree of trade restructuring.
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Verkholantsev, Julia. "Ruthenica Bohemica Ruthenian translations from Czech in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland." Wien Berlin Münster Lit, 2004. http://d-nb.info/989039838/04.
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Mirecka, Martyna. ""Monarchy as it should be"? : British perceptions of Poland-Lithuania in the long seventeenth century." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6044.
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Early modern Poland-Lithuania figured significantly in the political perceptions of Europeans in the long seventeenth century – not only due to its considerable size and enormous commercial and military resources, but also, and just as importantly, due to its exceptional religious and political situation. This interest in Poland-Lithuania was shared by many Britons. However, a detailed examination of how Britons perceived Poland-Lithuania at that time and how they treated Poland-Lithuania in their political debates has never been undertaken. This thesis utilises a wide range of the previously neglected source material and considers the patterns of transmission of information to determine Britons' awareness of Poland-Lithuania and their employment of the Polish-Lithuanian example in the British political discourse during the seventeenth century. It looks at a variety of geographical and historical information, English and Latin descriptions of Poland-Lithuania's physical topography and boundaries, and its ethnic and cultural make-up presented in histories, atlases and maps, to establish what, where and who Poland-Lithuania was for Britons. Poland-Lithuania's political framework, with its composite structure and unique relationship between the crown and nobility, elicited a spectrum of reactions, and so this thesis evaluates the role that both criticism and praise of Poland-Lithuania played in British constitutional debates. Consequently, the study argues that Britons' perceptions of Poland-Lithuania were characterised by great plasticity. It claims that Britons' impressions of the country were shaped by multiple – real or imagined - borders, whether cultural, economic or political, but also that Britons were affected by the exposure to a uniform, idealised historiography of this country. Crucially, the thesis asserts that references to Poland-Lithuania constituted an ingenious ideological and polemical device that was eagerly used throughout the period by Britons of diverse political sympathies. Moreover, through the examination of the kingdom's geopolitical role, particularly its fluctuating position as a “bulwark of Christendom”, side by side its engagement against Protestants, the thesis challenges the assumption that anti-Catholicism dominated seventeenth-century British perceptions of the world.
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Brennan, Desmond William. "The European Union, Poland and the transmission of values and norms to eastern neighbours." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7104.
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This thesis argues that the transmission of the European Union’s norms and values to Poland, and then to Lithuania and Ukraine, has helped those countries to better manage their relations. As a result of their integration into the EU and other western structures, relations between Poland and Lithuania have become more “normal”. The introduction of EU-mandated border controls has complicated relations between Poland and both Ukraine and Belarus. Poland has deep historic ties with Ukraine and is determined to ensure that Ukraine is offered a pathway that will lead to its eventual integration with Europe. However, relations between Poland and Belarus have worsened. Included in this thesis are the results and analysis of interviews and surveys carried out in Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine in 2008.
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Wagner-Rundell, Benedict. "Republicanism in Early-Modern Poland-Lithuania: The Politics of Virtue in the Reign of August II." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487145.
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Kashchyshyn, Kseniya <1994>. "The accounting profession and the impacts of technology in Lithuania, Poland and Romania - a comparative study." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17536.
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The CEE countries share in common the communist past under the guide of the Soviet Union (or the USSR). This environment had influenced the institutions of these countries comprising the accounting systems, the development of the accounting profession and the evolution of technology. The project will analyse some of these countries, the Member States of the EU, by grouping them in three groups (the Visegrad group, the Eastern group and the Baltic countries) and selecting for each group a country with the most developed financial market (i.e. number of listed enterprises). The goals of the research are the definition of the evolvement of the accounting profession in the selected countries and the identification of the impacts of technology on the accounting professionals’ competences. For the research purpose, five hypotheses were identified based on the theoretical framework (i.e. environmental determinism and institutional theory). The research work will try to prove or to deny the hypotheses in order to outline and compare the country-specific aspects of the accounting profession considering also the ICT skills.
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Gogolewska, Agnieszka. "The stateness matrix : comparing and explaining post-communist civil-military relations : Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Ukraine." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-stateness-matrix--comparing-and-explaining-postcommunist-civilmilitary-relations-poland-the-czech-republic-lithuania-and-ukraine(6e95ce43-df66-4cdf-a7b7-d466fa839c0f).html.
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Kotljarchuk, Andrej. "In the Shadows of Poland and Russia : The Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Sweden in the European Crisis of the mid-17th century." Doctoral thesis, Huddinge : Södertörns högskola, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-973.
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Preusse, Christian. "The scope of politics in early modern imperial systems : the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and Poland-Lithuania in the seventeenth century in comparison." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d57425cd-5905-44ab-974f-99279ffd4a2a.
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It is the aim of this thesis to shed light on and gain a more nuanced understanding of the negotiation of the political and constitutional order at the German Imperial Diet and the Polish-Lithuanian Sejm in the crisis-ridden seventeenth century. Both assemblies had to reach collectively-binding decisions on questions of institutional and procedural development in order to keep the constitutional order intact and functional and to process the challenges and changes occurring in the late sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. The question of this thesis is how the scope for necessary institutional and procedural adjustments was enabled or constrained by political languages and rhetoric which key actors used in the deliberations at the two central estate assemblies. Why do we have an institutional standstill and comparative decline in Poland-Lithuania until the reform period in the eighteenth century, and a stabilization and gradual institutional adjustment until the 1720s in the Holy Roman Empire? This question is answered by analyzing the communication about the scope of politics in its concrete historical context and institutional setting. Through the analysis the thesis comes to a new interpretation of the role and impact of orality and writing in both assemblies. Establishing socially relevant meaning depended on the means of communication and on the relationship between different media in the process of political decision-making and how they formed communication, in this case oral and written communication. The central claim of the thesis is that political culture and material culture were intricately linked in both imperial systems as the available media in the political process shaped the sayable, and the sayable shaped the doable.
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Misiukanis, Rimas. "Emigracijos politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas (Lietuvos ir Lenkijos lyginamoji analizė)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080625_150846-49838.
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Magistriniame darbe, naudojant tesės aktų, dokumentų, parengtų programų ir strategijų, statistinių duomenų bei mokslinės literatūros analizės metodą, analizuojamas ir lyginamas Lietuvos ir Lenkijos emigracijos politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas. Naudojant pusiau struktūruotą interviu, pristatomi paskirų šalių valdininkų ketinimai ir nuomonės apie tam tikras emigracijos politikos formavimo bei įgyvendinimo aktualias problemas.
Siekiant atsakyti į iškeltus uždavinius, pirmoje (teorinėje) dalyje emigracijos politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas aiškinamas viešosios politikos teorijos kontekste. Siekiant išry�����kinti Lietuvos bei Lenkijos emigracijos politikos formavimo ir įgyvendinimo pagrindinę priežastį, trumpai pristatoma migracijos (emigracijos) teorija. Sekančiuose darbo skyriuose galima pastebėti, kad pristatyta teorija daugeliu atvejų randa savo atvaizdą praktiniame Lietuvos bei Lenkijos emigracijos politikos formavime ir įgyvendinime.
Antrame darbo skyriuje aptariami šiuo metu Lietuvoje ir Lenkijoje stebimi piliečių emigracijos mastai ir tendencijos bei analizuojami su tuo susiję šalių Respublikų Parlamentų bei Vyriausybių veiksmai formuojant emigracijos politiką. Taip pat aptariamos Lietuvos ir Lenkijos politinių partijų programose numatytos priemonės skirtos emigracijos politikai formuoti. Lyginant šalių atvejus, pagrindiniai skirtumai pastebimi politinių partijų programų atžvilgiu, kurios daugiau ar mažiau skiriasi savo konkretumo lygiu, kas savo ruožtu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The Master thesis deals with the analysis and the comparison of the formation and the implementation of the emigration policy in Poland and Lithuania. The examination of the law, documents, prepared programs and strategies, statistics and scholar literature was used as a method for further analysis. In order to present the aims and opinions of the particular officers and politicians about the relevant problems, related to the formation and the implementation of the emigration policy, the half-structured interviews were used. In order to achieve earlier set tasks, the theoretical part of the thesis explains the formation and the implementation of the emigration policy in the context of public policy theory. Thus, a short migration (emigration) theory is presented in order to highlight the main reasons of the formation and the implementation of the emigration policy. The following sections of the paper show that earlier presented theory is in very many cases reflected in the practice of the emigration policy. The second section of the paper presents the current degree and tendencies of the citizens’ emigration and the actions of the nations’ Parliament and government, related to the formation of the emigration policy. Additionally, this part of the paper describes the clues meant for formation of the emigration policy, provided in the programs of polish and Lithuanian political parties. The comparison of the two countries policy shows the differences in the programs of the... [to full text]
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Janicka-Słysz, Małgorzata. "The letters of Grażyna Bacewicz and Vytautas Bacevičius." Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Musikgeschichte in Mittel- und Osteuropa an der Universität Leipzig, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15953.
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Salamonik, Michał. "In Their Majesties’ Service : The Career of Francesco De Gratta (1613-1676) as a Royal Servant and Trader in Gdańsk." Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32304.
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This study analyses the administrative and economic career of Francesco De Gratta (1613–1676) as Royal Postmaster, Royal Secretary, and trader within the postal and fiscal systems of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This investigation focuses mainly on his network and career strategies and is based on various sources from a number of European archives and libraries, mainly those situated in Italy, Poland and Germany. The study presents the family De Gratta and the familial social actions that Francesco used in order to root his children and family in the Polish-Lithuanian noble culture. Next, the analysis shows that the career of Francesco De Gratta was inextricably correlated with the establishment of the early modern royal postal system in Gdańsk (the city of Gdańsk fulfilled an important bridging role within the Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth) as well as his close contacts with different Polish kings and queens. The career followed distinct stages, tying him ever closer with the Crown, the nobility as well as the merchants in Gdańsk. It all started with his position as Head Postmaster in Gdańsk, in 1654. In 1661, he became Postmaster General of Royal Prussia, Courland, Semigallia and Livonia. After these initial steps, Francesco immersed in creditor activities and close contacts with the Royal Prussian cities, royal authorities, and not the least different Polish mint masters. He also got involved in the potash trade with his later son-in-law Jan Wawrzyniec Wodzicki, first as his factor and later as a co-owner of Wodzicki’s company. The study finally traces his social and economic advancement by the analysis of Francesco De Gratta’s legacies and their importance for his heirs’ social status. The summary compares the career of Francesco De Gratta with that of other postmasters and mint masters of Italian origin in Poland-Lithuania.Denna studie analyserar Francesco De Grattas (1613-1676) ekonomiska och administrativa karriär som kunglig postmästare, kunglig sekreterare och köpman i det polsk-litauiska samväldet. Denna undersökning är främst inriktad på nätverks- och karriärsanalys och bygger på olika arkivkällor från en rad europeiska arkiv och bibliotek, främst från Italien, Polen och Tyskland. Studien presenterar familjen De Gratta och de familjära sociala strategier som Francesco använde för att förankra sin familj i det polsk-litauiska samväldets adelskultur. Därefter visar analysen att De Grattas karriär kan förstås mot bakgrund av upprättandet av det tidigmoderna kungliga postsystemet i Gdańsk (Gdańsk hade en viktig överbryggande roll inom Polen-Litauen), liksom hans nära kontakter med olika polska kungar och drottningar. Hans karriär följde olika distinkta steg som möjliggjorde för honom att närma sig kronan, adeln och köpmännen i Gdańsk. År 1654 blev han huvudpostmästare i Gdańsk och 1661 fick han ämbetet som huvudpostmästare för Kungliga Preussen, Kurland, Semgallen och Livland. Senare utvecklade Francesco De Gratta sin kreditverksamhet parallellt med utbyggnaden av sitt kontaktnätverk med kungliga preussiska städer, kungliga myndigheter och inte minst olika polska myntmästare. Han blev också involverad i handel med pottaska (kaliumkarbonat) tillsammans med sin svärson Jan Wawrzyniec Wodzicki, först som hans agent och senare som delägare i Wodzickis företag. Slutligen spårar studien Francesco De Grattas sociala och ekonomiska framåtskridande genom en analys av hans arv och dess betydelse för hans arvingars sociala status. Sammanfattningsvis jämförs Francesco De Grattas karriär med andra postmästare och myntmästare av italienskt ursprung i Polen-Litauen.
Information Infrastructure in the Baltic Area. Nodes, News and News Agents, c. 1650 - 1700
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Laumelytė, Aldona. "Europos Sajungos struktūrinės politikos Lietuvoje ir Lenkijoje lyginamoji analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100222_095214-67459.
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Mokslo darbe atskleidžiama, kad Europos šalys struktūrinę politiką suvokia kaip vieną patraukliausių narystės ES siekių, nes tai yra siejama su didžiulėmis išmokomis iš ES struktūrinių fondų. Papildomi pinigai skiriami investicijoms į aplinkos apsaugą, gamybos, infrastruktūros, žmogiškųjų išteklių plėtrą ir t. t. Įpusėjus 2007–2013 m. programiniam periodui, Lietuvoje vis dar pastebimas didžiulis susidomėjimas ES struktūrine politika, jos teikiamomis galimybėmis. Struktūrinių fondų nauda visuomenei buvo pateikiama kaip bene pagrindinis stojimo į ES motyvas ir šalies gerovės augimo ateityje šaltinis. Panaši situacija buvo/yra ir kaimyninėje Lenkijoje, todėl šio darbo rezultatuose reikėtų atkreipti dėmesį į Lietuvos ir Lenkijos pasiruošimą įgyvendinti struktūrinę politiką bei teikiamos paramos valdymą. Struktūrinės politikos įtaka Lietuvai, Lenkijai ir kitoms naujoms ES šalims neabejotinai turėtų būti teigiama, tačiau šių fondų panaudojimas yra planuojamas ir priklauso nuo pasirengimo įgyvendinti struktūrinę politiką bei valdyti ES struktūrinių fondų teikiamą paramą.
Mokslo darbe iškeliama hipotezė, kad Lietuva ir Lenkija nepakankamai pasirengusi įgyvendinti ES struktūrinę politiką ir valdyti ES struktūrinių fondų teikiamą paramą, iškeltas tikslas ir uždaviniai tikslui pasiekti. Darbe naudojami tokie tyrimo metodai: dokumentų ir mokslinės literatūros analizė, Lietuvos ir Lenkijos politikų ir valstybės tarnautojų, įmonių, pasinaudojusių struktūrinių fondų parama, darbuotojų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Scientific work reveals the fact that the European countries, the structural policy is perceived as one of the most attractive EU membership aspirations, which is associated with enormous benefits from EU structural funds. Additional money of structural fund‘s is available for investment in environmental protection, production, infrastructure development, human resources development, etc. Now in the midway of the period 2007-2013 programming period, Lithuania is still seen huge interest in the EU's structural policy and its opportunities. Structural Funds, the benefits to society was presented as perhaps the main reason for joining the EU and the country's source of wealth for future growth. A similar situation was / is in the neighboring Poland, the results of this work should pay attention to the Lithuanian and Polish preparations for the implementation of structural policies and support management. Structural policy in Lithuania, Poland and other new EU countries should be clearly stated, but the use of these funds are planned, and depends on the preparation for the implementation of structural policies and the management of EU structural funds assistance. Work raises the hypothesis that „Lithuania and Poland are not sufficiently prepared to implement the EU's structural policy and management of EU Structural Funds“ goals and objectives to achieve that objective. The work used in such tests as documentation and analysis of scientific literature, Lithuanian and Polish... [to full text]
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Sclosa, Greta <1992>. "“Analysis of the European Non-Financial Information Disclosure conformity for the fiscal year 2016 with Directive 2014/95/EU guidelines.” Focus on the non-financial information disclosure of European companies, specifically European PIEs from: Czech Republic, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland and Sweden." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11758.
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Purpose – The objective of this dissertation is to understand the degree of conformity between the non-financial information disclosure of European PIEs, prior to the Directive 2014/95/EU, and the guidelines set by the Directive 2014/95/EU.
PIEs were randomly selected from the following European Union Member States: Czech Republic, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland and Sweden.
Design – The design of this dissertation follows a simple waterfall approach.
First, it discusses the theoretical part, which will set the basic knowledge to understand the analytical part. Second, it presents the methodology used to create the random sample of PIEs that subsequently will be used to compose the database entities, which are examined in the third part.
Third, this last part is the longest one and it concretely exhibits how PIEs in different nations are conformed to Directive 2014/95/EU guidelines. To perform this analysis, this part unites the theoretical conclusion of the first part and the database constructed in the second part.
Findings – Findings in this dissertation are, for the majority, connected to the analytical section and will communicate which nations are the best and which are the worst aligned with Directive 2014/95/EU guidelines. PIEs’ non-financial information analysed referred to the 2016 fiscal year. This section points out that countries like: Sweden, Netherlands, Luxembourg and Czech Republic have the most complete 2016 NFI disclosure, while they condemn Malta and Poland.
Research limitations – Main challenges encountered during the research and elaboration of this dissertation were the different methodologies, tactics and focal points in the disclosure of non-financial information by PIEs from the same or from different Member States. These differences created a big challenge for the interpretation of the data obtained.
The next challenge resulted by the disclosure freedom granted by Directive 2014/95/EU guidelines. This gives scholars, on one hand, greater autonomy to interpret the conformity degree of non-financial information in the various disclosures. On the other hand, it leaves scholars a chance to incur in a lack of scientific observations methodology due to the non-homologation of the database components.
Value – The contribution brought forward by this dissertation is to convey attention to the Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure evolution till the fiscal year 2016. Furthermore, this analysis will allow other scholars to continue the study, extending it to the period after the Directive’s implementation. This will permit stakeholders to be informed and to create common standards during the CSR disclosure analysis for their corporate interests.
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CELLA, GIORGIO. "Dalla Rus’ di Kiev ad Euromajdan. L’Ucraina nella geopolitica dell’Europa centro-orientale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40681.
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La tesi analizza le cause profonde dell’attuale crisi russo-ucraina esplosa nel 2014 con i moti anti-governativi di Euromajdan ed alla conseguente crisi internazionale che ha direttamente coinvolto la Federazione Russa, ed indirettamente la comunità internazionale. Analogamente, la struttura della ricerca ha prodotto altresì una ricostruzione, nei secoli, del ruolo geopolitico della stessa Ucraina nelle più ampie dinamiche interstatali dell’Europa centro-orientale. Lo studio in questione esplora nella loro profondità - e lungo oltre quattrocento pagine - gli aspetti più profondi di questa crisi nelle sue diverse, articolate e interconnesse dimensioni. L’approccio impiegato prende le mosse dalla matrice d’analisi tipica del Renouvin e delle sue forces profondes, ampliando perciò l’indagine sul piano storico, geopolitico, diplomatico, economico, giuridico, culturale e religioso.
Sostenuta da una cospicua bibliografia e da un notevole apparato di note, la presente tesi non si è tuttavia limitata ad una ricostruzione delle dinamiche contemporanee del XX e del XIX secolo. L’autore ha infatti voluto procedere - nell’obbiettivo di costruire uno studio di riferimento sulla geopolitica dell’Ucraina nel sistema internazionale - dall’antichità di Erodoto e dal crollo dell’Impero Romano, per poi proseguire lungo le più importanti fasi della nascita della Rus’ di Kiev, giungendo sino ad Euromajdan.The thesis analyzes the root causes of the current Ukrainian crisis triggered by the Euromajdan revolts of 2014 and the consequent international crisis directly involving the Russian Federation, and indirectly the whole international community. The thesis also reconstructs the secular geopolitical role of Ukraine in the broader dynamics of interstate relations of Central and Eastern Europe. The present research is an in-depth, four hundred page exploration of the many aspects of this crisis with all the complexities of its intertwined dimensions. The research employed inputs from the classical Renouvin’s forces profondes imprint; thus exploring and accounting for historical, geopolitical, diplomatic, economic, juridical, cultural and religious aspects. With the aim to produce a reference study of the historiography of Ukraine and its relationship with Moscow and the wider regional context, aided by a sound bibliography and a valuable source of notes, the author decided to begin from the ancient times of Herodotus and the collapse of the Roman Empire and work his way forward through the genesis of the Kievan Rus', up to the most recent XXI century’s geopolitics.
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Wang, Henry, and 王暘鑫. "Compare the Constitutional Power of the President with Lithuania and Poland." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44027109480394469181.
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碩士淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
93
Lithuania and Poland share almost the same historical experiences. The two countries were originally united, but now separated in differ in their constitutions. The constitutional power of the president in Lithuania is close to presidentialism, but Poland is close to parlimentialism. Despite the differences, in political science, both are categorized as semi-presidentialism. After a decade of democratization, these countries are now highly developed. Both joined the EU in 2004, thus it will be difficult to revert to monocracy. However, in recent years, the presidents for these two countries are developing more power than ever. So it will be quite interesting to research how the presidents can respond to their respective constitutions and to find out what kind of power should the presidents have in the semi-presidentialism regime. There are six chapters in this thesis. The first chapter will first outline why and how I conducted this research, and a brief introduction about semi-presidentialism. The second chapter will highlight the two countries today, followed with an introduction regarding the history of the two countries. The third chapter will compare the presidents'' monopoly powers. The fourth chapter will compare the powers of the president and the cabinet. The fifth chapter will compare the powers of the president and the national assembly. Finally, the last chapter is to make a conclusion about this thesis and try to find out how would the semi-presidentialism look like.
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HSU, WAN-YI, and 徐琬貽. "Adolescents’ use of Influence Strategies with Parents in Family Vacation Decision Making:A Contrast among Slovakia , Poland, Lithuania and Russia." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8kqyw9.
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碩士輔仁大學
餐旅管理學系碩士班
106
Due to the rush and pressured life of modern people, family members have less time getting along,thus,family vacation has become an important leisure, not only can it increase time to stay together,but makes the relationship much closer. Due to the change of family structure, parents pay more attention to their children, especially in their adolescence. They have the ability to think and judge independently. While they’re making family vacation decisions, they will use influence strategies to influence others or Parents' decision-making. According to many academic researches, the issue of adolescents in family decision-making has become an important topic .And there’s not much related studies about this part. This study examines in particular differences in tactics affecting children in Slovakia , Poland, Lithuania and Russia. Eastern Europe has experienced major socio-economic and cultural changes that have had influence on families. This study major examines the differences in the influence strategies of young children in Slovakia, Poland, Lithuania, and Russia. The influence strategies are divided into four aspects: bargaining, persuasion, emotional, and request. In this study, we use the convenience sampling method to analyze sample. The effective questionnaires were 200 for Slovakia, 221 for Poland, 205 for Lithuania, and 136 for Russia. 762 copies were collected. The results of this study showed that: (i) adolescents of four Eastern European countries participate in family vacation decisions, tends to use bargaining and request strategies to influence their parents, while they seldom use emotional strategies. (b) We found that adolescents from non-post-Soviet cluster (ie, Poland and Slovakia) use more strategies to influence their parents than post-Soviet cluster (ie, Lithuania and Russia).
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Hoferek, Jan. "Lobbing a jeho regulace v českém a mezinárodním kontextu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436073.
Full textAbstract:
Lobbying and its regulation in Czech and international context Abstract This Master's thesis investigates the phenomena of lobbying and its regulation both in international and subsequently national context, following a current government draft law on lobbying. The thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, a suitable definition of lobbying is sought and its functions, most common typologies and three main theories are presented. After that, attention is shifted to the mutual relationship between lobbying and corruption and their interactions. In the following part, possible approaches towards the legitimacy of lobbying as a part of democratic process are presented. The end of the chapter analyses general background of lobbying activity regulation and its forms and tools. The second chapter is concerned with lobbying and concrete modes of its regulation in three selected countries - Lithuania, Poland, and Slovenia. The individual subsections have the same structure: at the beginning, the overall history of the regulation is outlined, followed by the introduction of the national lobbying environment. After that, relevant legal definitions are summed up, the regulation is comprehensively presented and then, based on academic literature, evaluated. Each of the subsections is concluded with...
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Ackermann, Ines. "Granice języka. Różne samookreślenia „Polaka“ na Białorusi i Litwie." Doctoral thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
W pracy zanalizowane zostały idiolekty osób w różnym wieku, mieszkających na pograniczu polsko-białorusko-litewskim, którzy spontanicznie określają siebie jako Polacy. Na podstawie ich samookreśleń widać, jak liczne indywidualne identyfikacje kryją się za wypowiedzią „Jestem Polakiem”, oraz w jaki sposób ta przynależność społeczno-kulturowa koreluje ze stwierdzeniem: „Mówię po polsku”.
Prezentowane są wywiady z 22 osobami należącymi do 6 rodzin. Wszyscy mieszkają na terenach, które w okresie międzywojennym wchodziły w skład państwa polskiego. Wywiady pokazują idiolekty rozmówców, ich sposób użycia języka polskiego oraz ich utożsamianie się kulturowe, odmienne w różnych pokoleniach, ale również w poszczególnych regionach.
W każdej rodzinie zarejestrowano rozmowy z co najmniej trzema osobami, które należą do różnych pokoleń. Wszyscy rozmówcy deklarowali spontanicznie, że są Polakami i wszyscy potrafili komunikować się płynnie po polsku. Wszystkie wywiady zostały prowadzone według częściowo standaryzowanego kwestionariusza i poddane analizie jakościowej przy pomocy programu komputerowego MAXQDA11.
W centrum analizy wywiadów znajdowały się następujące problemy badawcze: Do jakiego stopnia idiolekt rozmówców różni się od polskiego języka standardowego? Co według rozmówców ma główny wpływ na zachowanie języka polskiego na Białorusi i na Litwie? Jak rozmówcy oceniają witalność języka polskiego w swoim regionie? Jakie jest ich indywidualne nastawienie do języka? Jaki mają obraz Polski oraz doświadczenia w kontaktach z Polakami?The theses analyses the idiolects of different aged persons who live in the Polish-Belarusian-Lithuanian borderland and who spontaneously characterise themselves as Poles. Basing on their self-description, the aim is to show the numerous individual identifications behind the statement “I am a Pole”. This social-cultural belonging correlate in different ways with the second statement: “I speak Polish”. The 22 interviewees are members of six families and they all live in an area that belonged to Poland in the interwar period. Based on those interviews the interviewees' idiolects, their usage of language and their cultural identification among different generations, but also among regions are presented. From every family the author recorded at least three members presenting different generations. All interviewees declared at the first meeting that they are Poles and they were all able to communicate fluently in Polish. The interviews were all provided by the author according to a semi-standardized guide and evaluated qualitatively with the program MAXQDA11. For the analysis of the interviews the core questions were: To what extend the idiolect of the interviewees differs from standard Polish? What has – according to the interviewees – strong influence on the preservation of the Polish language in Belarus or Lithuania? How do the interviewees judge the vitality of Polish in their region? What is their individual language attitude? How do they describe the imagined picture of Poland as a country and the contacts the interviewees have with the reverence nation?