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Journal articles on the topic 'Lithuanian prose'
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1
Willeke, Audronė B. "Iconoclastic voices in Lithuanian exile prose." Journal of Baltic Studies 17, no. 2 (June 1986): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629778600000051.
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Čerškutė, Jūratė. "The Bestseller vs. Literature: the Case of Kristina Sabaliauskaitė’s “Silva Rerum”." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 25 (March 4, 2020): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2020.25.108.
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This article presents the “Silva rerum” phenomenon, which is a quartet of historical novels by Kristina Sabaliauskaitė, published between 2008 and 2016. It discusses the circumstances of the writer’s debut, the reception of the novel in Lithuania, the general reading of the novels, its place in contemporary Lithuanian prose, and its possible influences on tendencies in Lithuanian prose. Most of the discussion focuses on one of the most important questions arising from this cycle of novels and which is still following it – is “Silva rerum” by Sabaliauskaitė a work of popular literature? Why is such a question even raised and is such a designation dividing literature even meaningful? Looking for answers to this question, we can glance at the concepts used in the Anglo-Saxon literary tradition and by applying them to Lithuanian literature, we intend to show why they – because of existing traditions and historical circumstances – are not accurate and sufficient enough to call the “Silva rerum” quartet a “popular novel”.
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Peluritytė, Audinga. "History in Contemporary Lithuanian Literature." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.11.
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The purpose of this article is to show the evolution of the historical novel that began in the era of independence, to highlight the peculiarities of male and female historical narratives, and to capture critical reactions and tendencies of assessment of that kind of novel. At the beginning of independence, the poetic prose of a minimal story was established in Lithuanian literature, which was created by the most prominent Lithuanian prose writers, and the historical novel made its debut as a complex experience of poetic narration. Poetry and prose focused on archetypal narratives, national consciousness and ethnic semantics and were characterized by an abundance of associations, but not by a clear storyline. Among common variations of the male historical novel, we can observe historical novels written by women, which have won both literary awards and readers’ approval.
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Peluritytė, Audinga. "History in Contemporary Lithuanian Literature." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.11.
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The purpose of this article is to show the evolution of the historical novel that began in the era of independence, to highlight the peculiarities of male and female historical narratives, and to capture critical reactions and tendencies of assessment of that kind of novel. At the beginning of independence, the poetic prose of a minimal story was established in Lithuanian literature, which was created by the most prominent Lithuanian prose writers, and the historical novel made its debut as a complex experience of poetic narration. Poetry and prose focused on archetypal narratives, national consciousness and ethnic semantics and were characterized by an abundance of associations, but not by a clear storyline. Among common variations of the male historical novel, we can observe historical novels written by women, which have won both literary awards and readers’ approval.
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Ruzaite, Jurate. "Using Corpus-Assisted Discourse Analysis to Identify Food Ideologies: a Study of Online Product Descriptions." Studies About Languages, no. 35 (December 5, 2019): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.0.35.22523.
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The present paper relies on a combination of corpus linguistics and discourse analysis to reveal how food manufacturers construct very specific product identities through product descriptions, which (1) reflect some cultural and institutional values, and (2) have some implications of food ideology. This investigation primarily focuses on the text functions of bread descriptions, the dominant verbal discourses of bread promotion in Lithuania, and the typical linguistic choices used to disseminate these discourses. The data includes product descriptions available on the websites of six major industrial bread bakers in Lithuania and consists of more than 150 product descriptions (approx. 10,000 words). The lexical choices in these texts are evaluated by referring to the Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian (tekstynas.vdu.lt) as a general reference corpus. The results show that in Lithuanian bread descriptions two text functions dominate: descriptiveness and prepared expressiveness, which further indicates that the target texts are closest to academic prose and fiction. The analysis of collocations and word frequencies supports the prevalence of features characteristic of both academic prose and fiction. This new digital genre is used by producers to disseminate and emphasise certain values and ideologies through explicit verbal references to tradition, inheritance, and continuity.
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Lavrinec, Pavel. "Reception of Osip Mandelstam’s Creativity in Interwar Lithuania." Literatūra 62, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2020.2.4.
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The presented materials on the reception of Osip Mandelstam’s work were revealed in memoir testimonies, published epistolaries, works on the biography of the writer and scientist Vincas Krėvė and his colleague at the University of Lithuania in Kaunas (Vytautas Magnus University since 1930) Mykolas Banevičius (Mikchail Podshibyakin), and periodicals in Lithuanian and Russian languages. The study showed that among the Lithuanian poets and translators there were connoisseurs of poetry and prose by Mandelstam, but translations into Lithuanian language did not appear during the interwar years. A possible explanation for this is the lack of a demand for this kind of creativity, as the materials of the reception of contemporary Russian literature show. The only text by Mandelstam published in Lithuania in Russian is a translation of the story by Henri Barbusse, reprinted in 1926 by a Kaunas newspaper from a Soviet edition. The only characteristic of his poetry is presented in an article in Russian about the latest Russian poetry, published in 1931 in an academic journal under a pseudonym; its most likely author could be M. Podshibyakin.
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Gritėnienė, Aurelija. "The mental image of the hepatica in modern Lithuanian prose." Lietuvių kalba, no. 8 (December 22, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2014.22653.
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Hepatica (Hepatica nobilis) is a very well-known plant, which is common in Lithuania from early times. The works of art are filled with the images of it. The material for this article was collected from works of fiction and prose of the twenty-first century Lithuanian authors including novels, short stories, novellas, tales and other works of similar genres. The whole text is not analysed but rather separate sentences or their fragments – the collocations of hepatica. The material of this research contains 56 works of 46 prose writers, in which the hepatica is portrayed in various ways and purposes. In the compiled collocations the root žibut-/žibuč was located 76 times and žibuokl-/ was mentioned 40 times. The article investigates, which qualities of this plant rise as the most important ones, in other words, what concept of hepatica develops and how. It is found that in most cases Lithuanian prose writers emphasize on visible features of the plant – the colour and shape of the blossoms, their quality to wilt quickly and the like. The most dominant function of the image of hepatica is to express the idea of spring and because of that the parameters of time and space are used frequently in the collocations of hepatica – the exact time of emergence of the blossoms is defined and the growing places of hepaticas are indicated. The smell and purpose of the plant are also becoming quite significant components. It is ascertained that this plant is mostly depicted as the component of traditional Lithuanian scenery, however beside the domestic, realistic and concrete mental image of the plant it is often possible to identify the secondary meanings of the image as well (hepaticas help to express the state and feelings of a character, they become a symbol of faith and hope). Moreover, in the texts of prose there are plenty of cases when hepatica becomes a proper noun – through the process of onimization this title is transferred with a purpose to name people, domestic animals, streets or cafes.
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Buividavičiūtė, Lina. "Elements of Dystopian Fiction in the Modern Lithuanian Prose." Respectus Philologicus 28, no. 33A (October 25, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.28.33a.5.
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The theoretical problems and practical analysis of utopia and its subgenre dystopia are widely known in the global cultural discourse. Nevertheless, these analyses still remains almost terra incognita in the studies of Lithuanian prose. The aim of this article is to analyse and compare the ambivalent elements in these novels: Vilniaus pokeris (Vilnius Poker) by R. Gavelis, Užkeiktas miestas (The Town under the Spell) by R. Lankauskas, and Anapus rytojaus (Beyond Tomorrow) by J. Jankus. This article is based on the hermeneutical methodology and the context of existentialism. The theoretical part of the article “Dystopian World” describes the main sources, features, and polemical issues of genre. The first practical part “The Social-Historical Subordinated Dystopia in Lithuanian Literature” analyses the concrete historical and cultural features of the dystopian genre. The features of ontological-existential dystopia are described in the second practical part of the paper.
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Katinienė, Violeta. "Aesthetic of carnivalesque: Johannisnacht by Uwe Timm and Lietuvis Vilniuje by Herkus Kunčius." Literatūra 61, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2019.4.5.
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Carnivalisation in literary prose has been gaining prominence both in Lithuanian and German literature. The present paper compares two novels, namely, Johannisnacht by Uwe Timm (1996) and Lietuvis Vilniuje by Herkus Kunčius (2011), related not merely through their themes of current affairs and reflections of the past, but also through poetics which continues the tradition of Carnivalesque. Although the two authors represent distinctly different cultural and literary backgrounds of two countries (West Germany and Lithuania), the novels transcend to a common intercultural space by their similar narrative strategies and carnivalised worldview.
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Kučinskaitė, Martyna. "Tapatybės transformacijos naujausioje lietuvių moterų prozoje." OIKOS: lietuvių migracijos ir diasporos studijos 28, no. 2 (2019): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2351-6561.28.7.
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Bleizgienė, Ramunė. "A People’s Writer for Peasant Readers: The Early Reception of Žemaitė’s Writings (1895–1915)." Literatūra 61, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2019.1.2.
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This article investigates the rise of the peasantry as new readers and Lithuanian intellectuals’ reactions to this phenomenon as they took the initiative in directing the peasants’ cultivation as readers. These intellectuals were concerned with the development of the peasants and sought to form their reading habits, influence the readers’ choices as to reading material, and so on. This article goes on to analyze how Žemaitė’s status as a peasant writer was established during her early reception, and how the evaluation of her work depended on the imagined addressee. By analyzing the reviews and broader studies of Žemaitė’s published works in the Lithuanian press from 1895 to 1915, this article aims to show that the formation of the common people as a potential and especially important national reading public was an integral part of her canonization process. Yet another important aim of this research is to reveal how the reception of Žemaitė’s works brought ordinary village peasant onto the horizon of modern Lithuanian culture, and how this became the foundation of one of the new literary styles in Lithuania, namely realism. In this way, by canonizing Žemaitė’s works, the life of village folk became not only visible and recognizable to the Lithuanian reading public, but also came to be regarded as a credible topic for realistic prose.
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Tabor, Joanna. "The History of Lithuanian Literature According to Ričardas Gavelis." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 25 (March 4, 2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2020.25.099.
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Ričardas Gavelis’s (1950–2002) prose contains many cultural references, including the names of famous European writers, thinkers and philosophers, such as Camus, Kafka, Beckett, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, or Orwell. Characters of Gavelis’s novels think about these authors, discuss their texts and ideas with others, but also write letters to them, contact them telepathically or even… physically. A few Lithuanian authors’ names can be found there as well. Hence, the aim of this article is to have a closer look at those names and the context in which they appear. I am going to analyze first three novels written by Gavelis: “Vilnius Poker” (Vilniaus Pokeris, 1989), “Memoirs of a Life Cut Short” (Jauno žmogaus memuarai, 1991) and “Vilnius Jazz” (Vilniaus džiazas, 1993), as they depict the same literary vision. Lithuanian authors that are mentioned in these novels include, among others, such significant figures of Lithuanian culture as Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas (in “Memoirs of a Life Cut Short”), a writer, a poet, and a university professor, or Justinas Marcinkevičius, considered to be „the only one real Lithuanian poet” (in “Vilnius Poker”). The characters of Gavelis’s novels criticize Lithuanian literature for propagating the stereotype of the „Lithuanian spirit” – lyrical, sentimental, experiencing deep emotions but not thinking, soft, introvert and passive, hermetic and closed in its own circle. The authors such as Camus, Kafka, Orwell, Beckett, Russell, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Ortega y Gasset – thinkers, innovators, precursors – add the European context to this picture. Their presence shows us what Gavelis’s characters (and probably Gavelis himself) require from literature. The model claimed as typical for Lithuania does not cover their intellectual needs. It is also considered dangerous because it creates a picture of Lithuanian mentality as soft, submissive and easy to control.
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Šilbajoris, Rimvydas. "City and country in recent Soviet Lithuanian and Russian prose." Journal of Baltic Studies 16, no. 2 (June 1985): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629778500000031.
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Kasperionytė, Rima. "Lietuvos žydų diasporos bruožai vėlyvojoje Grigorijaus Kanovičiaus prozoje." OIKOS: lietuvių migracijos ir diasporos studijos 27 (2019): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2351-6561.27.8.
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Syrnicka, Krystyna. "„Góra szczęścia” Jonasa Biliũnasa." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 10 (May 25, 2017): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.10.6.
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Jonas Biliūnas’ “Mountain of Happiness” The oeuvre of Jonas Biliūnas 1879–1907 marks the birth of Lithuanian lyrical psychological prose, which was influenced by the modernist ideas of relativism. His works brought into the Lithuanian canon of realist story the motifs of transitoriness of human existence, fragility of life, sadness. Biliūnas was the first Lithuanian writer who was professionally prepared for his trade. He studied literature and related disciplines at universities in Switzerland, which gradually became a centre of Lithuanian intelligentsia already in the 19th century. The short stories written at that time indicated the writer’s maturing talent. The Alps played asignificant role in Biliūnas’ life; this is where in 1904–1907 he wrote his best works, three of which are thematically associated with the mountains: the literary sketch Fine Weather on the Uetliberg Ant Uetlibergo giedra!, the short story Snowstorm in the Mountains Pūga kalnuose and the allegorical tale The Beacon of Happiness Laimės žiburys — one of the most important works written in Zurich. A serious illness prevented the writer from fully developing his talent. On 8 December 1907 he died at the age of 28 in his wife’s arms in asanatorium in Zakopane. He was buried in Pęksowy Brzysk. Thanks to the efforts of the Lithuanian writer Antanas Vienuolis Biliūnas’ remains were brought back to Lithuania, where he was laid to rest on ahill in Liudiškiai, near Anykščiai. In 1958 a monument called “Beacon of happiness” was erected on Biliūnas’ grave. The hill with the monument became asymbol the meaning of which is expressed in the tale The Beacon of Happiness. Today some people climb the hill to honour the writer’s memory, while others — believing in its sacred nature — hope that it will bring them happiness.
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Jakonytė, Loreta. "Adventure, Suffering, and Propaganda: World War II in Soviet Lithuanian Children’s Prose." Žmogus ir žodis 17, no. 2 (December 22, 2015): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2015.21.
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Bleizgienė, Ramunė. "The Dissemination of Žemaitė’s Literary Fiction in the Education System in 1905–1914." Literatūra 62, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2020.1.4.
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The article describes the syllabi of Lithuanian language subject for public and private schools prepared in 1905-1914 for the developing modern Lithuanian education system with the aim to determine the extent of representation of Žemaitė’s literary fiction. Referring to previous works by V. Pupšys, V. Pukienė, M. Karčiauskienė, A. Piročkinas and analysis of their sources, 9 syllabi of Lithuanian language and their recommended textbooks have been described in this article. The analysis has shown that Žemaitė first established herself in the Lithuanian education system as the author of the textbook Rinkinėlis vaikams, first published in 1904 and intended for primary schools. Žemaitė emerges as the author of short stories and a co-author of dramas for the first time in 1912 in the syllabus published by J. Kairiūkštis. The attention allocated to her and the list of her works is the same as for the majority of other fiction authors of the time. In 1912 M. Biržiška’s project of the Lithuanian language syllabus Žemaitė is referred to as one of the four women prose writers of the end of the 19th century among G. Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Šatrijos Ragana, and Lazdynų Pelėda.
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Bleizgienė, Ramunė. "The Dissemination of Žemaitė’s Literary Fiction in the Education System in 1905–1914." Literatūra 62, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2020.1.4.
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The article describes the syllabi of Lithuanian language subject for public and private schools prepared in 1905-1914 for the developing modern Lithuanian education system with the aim to determine the extent of representation of Žemaitė’s literary fiction. Referring to previous works by V. Pupšys, V. Pukienė, M. Karčiauskienė, A. Piročkinas and analysis of their sources, 9 syllabi of Lithuanian language and their recommended textbooks have been described in this article. The analysis has shown that Žemaitė first established herself in the Lithuanian education system as the author of the textbook Rinkinėlis vaikams, first published in 1904 and intended for primary schools. Žemaitė emerges as the author of short stories and a co-author of dramas for the first time in 1912 in the syllabus published by J. Kairiūkštis. The attention allocated to her and the list of her works is the same as for the majority of other fiction authors of the time. In 1912 M. Biržiška’s project of the Lithuanian language syllabus Žemaitė is referred to as one of the four women prose writers of the end of the 19th century among G. Petkevičaitė-Bitė, Šatrijos Ragana, and Lazdynų Pelėda.
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Bukowiec, Paweł. "From Baranowski to Baranauskas, from James to Ngũgĩ: Post-Colonial Aspects of Linguistic Switch." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, no. 13 (November 25, 2020): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-13.11.
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The article attempts to perform a comparative study of the phenomenon of the so-called linguistic switch, i.e., a change of languages in which the writer creates his/her works. One side of the analysis focuses on nineteenth-century Lithuanian poets, represented mainly by Antanas Baranauskas, and the other on the contemporary Kenyan prose writer Ngu˜g˜ wa Thiong’o. The juxtaposition of ı such extremely distant authors: 1. allows a better understanding of the specificity of multilingualism in both eighteenth-century Lithuanian literature and contemporary fiction; 2. proves once again the universality of postcolonial sensitivity; 3. constitutes an attempt at comparative thinking in the context of world literature.
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Židonis, Giedrius. "The Image of a Lithuanian and a Samogitian in the Cultural Press of Warsaw in Late 1800s. The (non-)stereotyped Case of Nikodem Erazm Iwanowski, the Landlord of a Small Manor." Respectus Philologicus, no. 36(41) (October 17, 2019): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2019.36.41.28.
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At the end of July 1885, Nikodem Erazm Iwanowski, the landlord of a small manor in Samogitia, brought his son to Warsaw for studies, and spent two years there. He maintained correspondence with Eliza Orzeszkowa, became acquainted with the poetess Maria Konopnicka, himself wrote poetry and prose, and painted. However, in his letters, he wrote that, being a newcomer from the province, he felt somewhat clumsy and uncomfortable. This confession encouraged the author of the present paper to review the cultural press of Warsaw published during the 1880s. The aim of the review was to investigate in which context Lithuanians/Samogitians were mentioned and how depicted, and to determine whether the fiction published in the aforementioned press contained satirical characters associated with Lithuania/Samogitia. The investigation revealed a number of publications about Lithuania/Samogitia – for example, descriptions of travels and places. Here we can find stereotypical pictures of Lithuanians and Samogitians. The investigation also revealed the presence of fiction containing satirical, comical depictions of Lithuanians or Samogitians. Here, two plotlines may be identified: characters in a foreign land, and characters in a large city
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Bankauskaitė, Gabija. "Respectus Philologicus, 2011 Nr. 20 (25)." Respectus Philologicus, no. 20-25 (October 25, 2011): 1–286. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2011.25.
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CONTENTS
I. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONSLoreta Ulvydienė, Giedrė Drėgvaitė (Lithuania). Linguistic Experience as the Projection of Urban Cognition in Literature...11Saule Altybayeva (Kazakhstan). Neomythologism of the Modern Kazakh Prose: Polycultural Discourse and Art Prospect Search...27Michał Mazurkiewicz (Poland). The Nature of Ritual... 40
II. FACTS AND REFLECTIONSLaima Kalėdienė (Lithuania). Attitude Towards the Official Language According to the Data of Sociolinguistic Survey... 52Vadim V. Dementyev (Russia). Glamour as “The Old New Svetskost”?....65Elena Bonta, Raluca Galiţa (Rumunia). Joking as a Semiotic Practice and Means of Spiritual Survival. A Pragma-linguistic and Stylistic Approach... 80Irina Melnikova (Lithuania). The Gorris Defence, Or Nabokov on Screen... 95Jadvyga Krūminienė, Artūras Cechanovičius (Lithuania). On some Jungian Archetypes Reflected in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness... 107Ewa Anna Piasta (Poland). Axiological Horizons of the Short Story „The Dream of the Saint“ by Reinhold Schneider... 122Oleg N. Grinbaum (Russia). The Fourth Chapter of the Novel “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin: Onegin’s Monologue in the Light of Rhythm and Meaning ... 133Valentina Litvinova (Russia). The Epistolary Heritage of A. Chekhov from Siberia (the Letters of the Writer from the Point of View of Time and Space)... 153Roma Konsevičiūtė (Lithuania). The “Giesmių Giesmė” (The “Song of Songs”) Motive Transformation in Antanas Jasmantas’ Lyrics... 162Eleonora Lassan (Lithuania). Conjunction зато as a Means of Realization of Psychological Compensation in the Russian Language.... 170Joanna Senderska (Poland). The Social Vocabulary Enrichment Based on Selected Cases of Polish Sociolects...181Danguolė Melnikienė (Lithuania). Peculiarities of the Specific Realia Expression in Lithuanian Bilingual Dictionaries... 192Marlena Chudzik (Poland). Toponomastic Scholars’ Problems... 202Daiva Aliūkaitė (Lithuania). Expression Ideals of Young Samogitians: Conscious Attitude...209Yuri Tambovtsev, Ludmila Tambovtseva, Juliana Tambovtseva (Rusija / Rosja). Functioning of the Continuous Tenses in Female and Male Variants of the American and British English Language...221Natalia Krasilnikova (Russia). Public Opinion in the Light of Cognitive Discourse Paradigm... 233
III. OPINIONJelena Konickaja, Artur Zapolskij (Lithuania). Metaphors in Lithuanian and Slovenian Political Discourse... 243
IV. SCIENTIFIC LIFE CHRONICLEConferencesViktorija Makarova (Lithuania). “Language and Method”. Krakow, 5–6 May, 2011...254Daiva Aliūkaitė (Lithuania). Project “Research on Modern Geolinguistics in Lithuania: Point Network Optimization and Dissemination of Interactive Dialect Information“...257Books reviewsDanutė Balšaitytė (Lithuania). Diagnosed. What next? ЛАССАН, Э., 2011. Лингвистика ставит диагноз... Очерк «духа эпохи» в свете данных лингвистического анализа... 260Dagnė Beržaitė (Lithuania). Remarks of Ungrateful Reader. DOSTOJEVSKIS, F., 2010. Apysakos I: Antrininkas, Žiemos pastabos apie vasaros įspūdžius, Užrašai iš pogrindžio... 267
Announce... 271V. REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLICATION...272VI. OUR AUTHORS...280
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Milewska-Waźbińska, Barbara. "The Literary Heritage of Jesuits of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth." Journal of Jesuit Studies 5, no. 3 (March 26, 2018): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00503005.
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Since 1565, the Society of Jesus promoted education in the humanities. The vast majority of the Polish nobility received their education in Jesuit colleges. Jesuit preachers, writers, poets, authors of heraldic and emblem works—derived mostly from the nobility—were understandably deeply involved in politics. The legacy of the most outstanding Jesuit authors testifies to their active participation in public life. In keeping with the specifics of the Polish case, their literary production emphasizes not only the vita activa, but also animus civilis. Political and historical themes, as well as religious motifs, played a significant role in Jesuit works. The Society’s activities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth produced important works in various genres of literature, a significant portion of which was in Latin. Their poetry and prose is characterized by involvement in socio-political issues: the stormy political events and wars of the seventeenth century had a considerable effect on the compositions of the leading Jesuit authors.
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Bankauskaitė, Gabija. "Respectus Philologicus, 2011 Nr. 19 (24)." Respectus Philologicus, no. 20-25 (April 25, 2011): 1–284. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2011.24.
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CONTENTS
I. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONSMichał Mazurkiewicz (Poland). Sport versus Religion... 11Natalia А. Kuzmina (Russia). Poetry Book as a Supertext... 19Jonė Grigaliūnienė (Lithuania). Possessive Constructions as a Purely Linguistic Phenomenon?... 31
II. FACTS AND REFLECTIONSAleksandras Krasnovas, Aldona Martinonytė (Lithuania). Symbolizing of Images in Juozas Aputis Stories...40Jūratė Kumetaitienė (Lithuania). Tradition and Metamorphosis of Escapism (Running “from” or “into”) in the Modern and Postmodern Norwegian Literature...51Natalia V. Kovtun (Russia). Trickster in the Vicinity of Traditional Modern Prose...65Pavel S. Glushakov (Latvia). Semantic Processes in the Structure of Vasily Shukshin’s Poetics...81Tatyana Kamarovskaya (Belarus). Adam and the War...93Virginija Paplauskienė (Lithuania). Woman’s Language World in Liune Sutema’s Collection “Graffiti....99Jolanta Chwastyk-Kowalczyk (Poland). The Models of e-Comunication in the Polish Society of Britain and Northern Ireland...111Vilma Bijeikienė (Lithuania). How Equivocation Depends on the Way Questions are Asked: a Study in Lithuanian Political Discourse...123Viktorija Makarova (Lithuania). The One Who Names the Things, Masters Them: Ruskij vs. Rosijanin, Ruskij vs. Rosijskij in the Discourse of Russian Presidents...136Dorota Połowniak-Wawrzonek (Poland). Idioms from the Saga Film “Star Wars” in Contemporary Polish Language...144Ilona Mickienė, Inesa Birbilaitė (Lithuania). Women’s Naming in Telsiai Parish in the First Dacades of the 18th Century...158Liudmila Garbul (Lithuania). Reflection of Results of Interslavonic Language Contacts in the Russian Chancery Language of the First Half of the 17th Century (Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects). Part II...168Vilhelmina Vitkauskienė (Lithuania). Francophonie in Lithuania... 179Natalia V. Yudina (Russia). On the Role of the Russian Language in the Globalizing World of the XXI Century...189Maria Lojko (Belarus). Teaching Legal English to English Second Language Students in the US Law Schools...200
III. OPINIONElena V. Savich (Belarus). On Generation of an Integrative Method of Discourse Analysis...212Marek Weber (Poland). Lexical Analysis of Selected Lexemes Belonging to the Semantic Field ‘Computer Hardware’...220
IV. SCIENTISTS ABOUT SCIENTISTSOleg Poljakov (Lithuania). On the Female Factor in Linguistics and Around It... 228
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Krasnovas, Aleksandras. "The Interaction of Personal and Communal Identities in Literature." Respectus Philologicus 24, no. 29 (October 25, 2013): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2013.24.29.1.
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This article is part of a larger group project designed to examine the memories and identities of multicultural Lithuanian border communities, and focuses on the town of Vilkyškis and its environs. The aim of the article is to investigate how problems of personal and communal identity are expressed in the literature of writers from the region. The study examines the novels of I. Simonaitytė and A. Petraitytė, prose writers whose works describe life in Klaipėda district and Lithuania Minor. The concepts of individual and collective identity, as described by the hermeneuticist Heidegger and the cultural sociologist Giddens, form the basis of the explanation of the theoretical aspects of personal and communal identities and their interactions. Pesonal identity is formed by two types of experience: direct sensory experience, and so-called mediated (received through intermediaries) experience. The article analyzes the novels of Simonaitytė and Petraitytė to determine how communal traditions and important aspects of national identity are passed down the generations, and questions why some traditions are absorbed naturally, others only with effort, while still others are rejected outright. The “nuclear family” has the greatest influence on personal identity, more so than the “extended family.” Other influences include the local village or town community, while the “extended community” affects public life.
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Čiočytė, Dalia. "The Literary Experience of God in Death’s Vicinity in the Works of Freedom Fighter Bronius Krivickas." Literatūra 62, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2020.1.5.
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Bronius Krivickas (1919–1952), a Lithuanian poet and fiction writer, a fighter against the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, reflects carefully the main ideas of existentialism: Søren Kierkegaard’s concept of individual freedom, Martin Heidegger’s notion of being-toward-death, the concept of a limiting situation developed by Karl Jaspers. In the worldview of B. Krivickas’s literary works, these ideas are associated with the context of Catholic philosophy and theology.This article investigates the notion of God within the existential limiting situation (especially the situation of death) in the literary works by B. Krivickas. The main critical perspective is the theology of literature.
In the context of the dramatic experience of World War II, B. Krivickas’s short stories, a symbolist play A Tale About a Princess, and poetical prose works interpret God as being perceived through human conscience and a human longing for spiritual harmony. God is being thought of as the ultimate metaphysical mystery.In the period of Lithuanian fights for freedom, B. Krivickas’s poetry reveals an intense partisan self-consciousness. The poetry interprets the fight against the Soviet aggressor as a sacrifice for the nation’s freedom and compares it indirectly with the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. According to the logic of existentialism, B Krivickas’s poetry claims that a human being is absolutely free, even if this means to choose freedom at the cost of life.God becomes the personal you for the fighter seen in B. Krivickas’s poetry. The main theme of the fighter’s dialogue with God is an existential complaint. The fighter experiences deep theodic dilemmas. He has no doubts about the righteousness of the war against the Soviet occupation, but he has deep doubts about the divine permission for evil to exist in the world. The faith of the poetic fighter is just his will to believe, his desire to believe. Thus the poetic figure of the fighter acquires both patriotic and religious heroism.
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Čiočytė, Dalia. "The Literary Experience of God in Death’s Vicinity in the Works of Freedom Fighter Bronius Krivickas." Literatūra 62, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2020.1.5.
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Bronius Krivickas (1919–1952), a Lithuanian poet and fiction writer, a fighter against the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, reflects carefully the main ideas of existentialism: Søren Kierkegaard’s concept of individual freedom, Martin Heidegger’s notion of being-toward-death, the concept of a limiting situation developed by Karl Jaspers. In the worldview of B. Krivickas’s literary works, these ideas are associated with the context of Catholic philosophy and theology.This article investigates the notion of God within the existential limiting situation (especially the situation of death) in the literary works by B. Krivickas. The main critical perspective is the theology of literature.
In the context of the dramatic experience of World War II, B. Krivickas’s short stories, a symbolist play A Tale About a Princess, and poetical prose works interpret God as being perceived through human conscience and a human longing for spiritual harmony. God is being thought of as the ultimate metaphysical mystery.In the period of Lithuanian fights for freedom, B. Krivickas’s poetry reveals an intense partisan self-consciousness. The poetry interprets the fight against the Soviet aggressor as a sacrifice for the nation’s freedom and compares it indirectly with the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ. According to the logic of existentialism, B Krivickas’s poetry claims that a human being is absolutely free, even if this means to choose freedom at the cost of life.God becomes the personal you for the fighter seen in B. Krivickas’s poetry. The main theme of the fighter’s dialogue with God is an existential complaint. The fighter experiences deep theodic dilemmas. He has no doubts about the righteousness of the war against the Soviet occupation, but he has deep doubts about the divine permission for evil to exist in the world. The faith of the poetic fighter is just his will to believe, his desire to believe. Thus the poetic figure of the fighter acquires both patriotic and religious heroism.
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Jureviciene, Daiva, and Jekaterina Markelova. "Assessment Of Money Illusion Impact On Individuals’ Economic Behaviour In Lithuania." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 13 (May 30, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n13p1.
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Behavioural economics was in a process of rapid development in the last century. One of behavioural phenomenon discovered by economists is money illusion – an inclination to make biased decisions based on nominal rather than real monetary values. This illusion influences individuals’ perception of money-related processes and, hence, their economic behaviour. Euro illusion concept, which represents money illusion in countries that adopted the euro, became commonly used after money illusion has been identified and studied in a number of Euro zone countries. Money illusion has not been deeply discussed in Lithuania. The euro introduction in 2015 provides an additional reason to study its impact on Lithuanian citizens. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate money illusion impact on individuals’ economic behaviour in Lithuania after assessment whether Lithuanians experience it. Analysis of scientific literature, experimental study and statistical methods were applied. It was found that citizens are prone to money illusion, which causes irrational economic behaviour. Despite difficult adaptation to the euro, Lithuanians do not experience euro illusion. Newly collected data on money illusion in Lithuania suggests critical evaluation of individuals’ economic behaviour. Performance of such experiment has some limitations as problems presented in a survey are hypothetical and decisions made by participant may not extend to real world. In addition participants may bear in mind their own assumptions like personal experience (e.g. income, savings, debts etc.) which could affect their decisions.
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Sydiachenko, Natalia. "CZESŁAW MIŁOSZ’S «DOLINA ISSY» AS A POETIC STORY OF THE FORMATION OF HUMAN IDENTITY." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 35 (2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.38-44.
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In the paper – taking into account general understanding of poetry (poetry is something that is beautiful, sublime, unusual) – the textual structures of the novella that perform a poetic function have been analyzed; besides, the factors that determine the formation of the identity of the protagonist have been spotlighted. The poetic expression of the text, which introduces the developing of the plot into the natural and historical background, has been highlighted. From the poetics point of view, various portraits of heroes have been analyzed: external, psychological, and metaphysical; descriptions of the appearance and behavior of animals, birds, reptiles have been provided. What is more, in the aspect of poetic semantics and connotations, descriptions of landscapes, interiors have been analyzed; narrations about various processes of the ordinary and routine life and objects around the protagonist have been noticed. Poeticism is also represented in such textual structures as reasoning, especially concerning the fundamental issues of life and death. Taking into account the author’s strategy of reproducing the factors of identity creation, the protagonist explores his nature (and the human nature in general) through binary oppositions. Parents, environment, ancestors, history, motherland, and the home place, where he was born and where he grew up have influenced the formation of protagonist’s identity. This last telluric identity factor mostly shapes the peculiarity of Tomas’s worldview, as well as his Creator. Being a story about Lithuania at the beginning of the twentieth century, «The Issa Valley» is the story about true Lithuanian beliefs, customs, myths that existed that time; such senses make the text written in prose, poetic in its essence. Characteristics of the protagonist’s identity have been outlined: he is a person endowed with a talent of poetic vision of the world; he has religion feelings by the way, he also «tasted Manichaean poison»; patriotism rooted in nobility and in his small country – Lithuania. This is a being who becomes an organic part of the mental paradigm an animal – a human being – God.
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Krajewska, Maria. "Maria Butrymówna – „passionate about archeology” researcher of cemeteries in Lithuania and her contacts with Erasmus Majewski." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 303, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 25–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134965.
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Maria Butrymówna was born on February 26, 1875 in Jodkan. Her father was Nicodemus Butrym of the Topór family, and her mother Teresa de domo Wiszniewska of the Prussians from Żybortan. She was interested in ethnography: she wrote down Lithuanian songs and prose which she then published in ethnographic journals. However, her true passion was archaeology: discovering and exploring archaeological sites. As an amateur, however, she needed consultation and advice, especially concerning excavation methodology. At the end of the 19th century, E. Majewski was the authority in archeology and he became her adviser. M. Butrymówna and E. Majewski corresponded with each other (the correspondence kept in PMA covers the years 1899-1902), and they also knew each other personally. E. Majewski published M. Butrymówna’s ethnographic notes in the pages of „Wisła” and the results of her archaeological research in „Światowit”. Archaeological finds acquired by M. Butrymówna during the course of her own research or in the form of donations resulted in a collection. Part of the collection was handed over to the Erazm Majewski Museum and the rest to the Museum of the Society of Friends of the Sciences in Vilnius.
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Nabytovych, Ihor. "Yevhen Malaniuk and Dariia Vikonska. Artistically Transformed History of Princely Family of Fedorovyches in Poem “Meeting”." Слово і Час, no. 6 (June 21, 2019): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.06.46-55.
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Karolina Ivanna Fedorovych-Malytska (1893–1945) came into Ukrainian writing and culture as Dariia Vikonska, the author of short prose, literary studies, critical reviews and art studies. She was close to the circle of ʻvisnykivtsiʼ (the ʻVisnyk-poetsʼ). The history of literary contacts between Yevhen Malaniuk and Dariia Vikonska remains fragmentary and little known. The paper focuses on the poem “Pobachennia” (“Meeting”) by Malaniuk that transforms the history of Fedorovyches family in an artistic way. Ukrainian princely family of Fedorovyches spread all over the Europe creating its history, culture and contributing to its economic development. The line in which Karolina Ivanna Fedorovych-Malytska was the last representative remained Ukrainian. Other lines dissolved in other national cultures (often Polish). Yevhen Malaniuk left a brief memoir about Dariia Vikonska within an episode of his visit to the estate of Malytskyis in Podillia region. Some fragments of conversations and reminiscences in the fi rst part of the poem “Meeting” supplement the description of this visit. The poem was written in 1939–1941 and consists of three parts although its structure is somewhat obscure. The fi rst part of the poem artistically describes the fate of the Ukrainian princely family of Fedorovyches in historiosophical perspective. This family is rooted in the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The second and third parts of the poem are oneiric visions of the lyrical character. The poet tells about the meeting with the general Vasyl Tiutiunnyk, the deceased chief of the Armed Forces Headquarters of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, and premonition of a mysterious meeting with already deceased parents and grandparents that should happen after the death of the character. The mystical third part of the poem describes the transition of the human soul to eternity in a lyrical literary way.
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Slabšinskienė, Eglė, Andrej Gorelik, Ingrida Vasiliauskienė, Aistė Kavaliauskienė, and Apolinaras Zaborskis. "Factorial Validity and Variance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory between Demographic and Workload Groups among Dentists of Lithuania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 9154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249154.
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There is a lack of evidence about burnout syndrome among Lithuanian dentists; as a reliable instrument to examine the syndrome in this professional group has not yet been tested. The study aimed to investigate the performance of the items and the subscales of the Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) by validating its factorial structure and analyzing its variance between demographic and workload groups of dental professionals in Lithuania. The survey was conducted among practicing dentists online or during the scientific conferences for dentists using an anonymous questionnaire. To evaluate the level of burnout the MBI was chosen. Reports of a total of 380 respondents were examined. Three-factor structure of the MBI with cross-loading of two items suggested a good fit to data (χ2/df = 1.67; CFI = 0.93; TLI = 0.93; IFI = 0.93; and RMSEA = 0.059) and was invariant across demographic and workload groups of dentists. Multigroup factorial analysis revealed that females as compared to males had higher average emotional exhaustion; and the respondents up to 30 years as compared to respondents over 30 years of age had higher averages of the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization components. Highly specialized dentists (oral surgeons, prosthodontists, orthodontists, endodontists and poedodontists) were particularly less prone to burnout syndrome than dentists of general practice. It was concluded that the MBI offers factorial validity and demonstrates its invariant structure and variance of burnout dimensions across demographic and workload groups. These findings are informative for burnout prevention and intervention programs among dentists in Lithuania. Such information may contribute to lessen professional burnout among dentists in Lithuania.
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Silbajoris, Rimvydas, and Violeta Kelertas. "Come into My Time. Lithuania in Prose Fiction, 1970-90." Slavic and East European Journal 38, no. 1 (1994): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/308572.
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Skrupskelis, Viktoria, and Violeta Kelertas. "Come into My Time: Lithuania in Prose Fiction, 1970-90." World Literature Today 67, no. 2 (1993): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40149251.
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Nalepa, Marek. "Granice państwowe, narodowe i kulturowe w prozie wspomnieniowej Juliana Ursyna Niemcewicza." Wrocławskie Studia Wschodnie 23 (September 27, 2019): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1429-4168.23.1.
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Государственные, народные и культурные границы в мемуарной прозе Юлиана Урсын-НемцевичаУроженец деревни Скоки Брест-Литовского округа Юлиан Урсын-Немцевич в жизни принадлежал к группе людей, необыкновенно интересующихся миром, следствием чего были его многочисленные путешествия по Европе и Америке. Он странствовал, добровольно или под принуждением, по Старому Свету от Сицилии до Скандинавии и от Лондона до Петербурга, совершил экскурсию на Ниагарский водопад, посетил индейские и негритянские деревни Земли Вашингтона и потому, что не чувствовал себя спокойно при мысли, что лучше познал чужие края, чем землю отцов, в 1811 году предпринял цикл исторических путешествий по Польше, в которых, кроме туристических целей, хотел проявить свой гражданский протест против установления в 1772 году границ государствами-захватчиками на земле Речи Посполитой Обоих Народов. Постоянно в сообщениях парламентарных, корреспондентских и литературных он протестовал против административной демаркационной линии, с трудом её пересекал, придерживаясь принципа, что границы Польши раз и навсегда установили пястовские и ягеллонские правители. Он не соглашался с любыми их изменениями и ограничениями и не признал утрату государственных границ в 1795 году. Более всего он сопротивлялся нарушению границ, разделяющих первоначально Варшавское Княжество, а потом Королевство Польское и Российскую империю. State, national and cultural borders in Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz’s memorial prose Born in Skoki, near Brest, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz was part of a group of people in the Enlightenment period who were exceptionally interested in the world, which led to his numerous travels across Europe and America. He travelled, voluntarily or under coercion, across the Old Continent, from Sicily to Scandinavia, and from London to St. Petersburg; he went on a trip to Niagara Falls, visited Indian and Negro villages in the Washington Land, and, feeling uncomfortable with the idea that he had got to know foreign lands better than his fatherland, in 1811 he embarked on a series of historical journeys across Poland, during which, in addition to pursuing tourist goals, he wanted to manifest his civic objection to the partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772. In his accounts memoirs, letters and literary works he consistently challenged administrative demarcation lines, crossing them with great difficulty, faithful as he was to the belief that Poland’s borders had been set once and for all by rulers from the Houses of Piast and Jagiellon. He accepted no changes of the borders and reduction of the country’s territory, and obviously did not acknowledge the loss of statehood in 1795. What became the most problematic for him was the crossing of the border separating first the Duchy of Warsaw and then the Kingdom of Poland from the Russian Empire.
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Survutaitė, Dalia. "PROFESSIONALISM OF EVALUATORS CARRYING OUT EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL ACTIVITY: SITUATION IN LITHUANIA." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 3, no. 2 (August 25, 2011): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/11.3.21a.
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Education and Culture documents (2004) point out that assessment of school activity quali-ty is a mandatory precondition striving for implementation of the Lisbon strategy. EU and national documents (Lithuanian State Long-Term Development Strategy, 2002; State Education Strategy, 2003; Programme of Government of the Republic of Lithuania, 2004; Education Monitoring Pro-cedure 2005;) are implemented in Lithuania on a par with other countries that carry out European education reform; new models for quality management of education as a service are introduced as well as emerging modern culture of self-evaluation and evaluation of activity. The main focus of the methodologies (Internal Audit Methodology for Comprehensive Schools, 2004; External Au-dit of School Management and Educational Proceeding Improvement, 2005; Description of Proce-dure for Internal Quality Audit of Comprehensive School Activity, 2007; Description of Procedure for Internal Quality Assessment of Comprehensive School Activity, 2009) under implementation is laid not on the analysis of documents regulating the activity of the organisation and on imposing punishments but on the quality assessment when the process is observed directly, when there occurs communication with teachers, school learners, school administration, other school staff members, stakeholders and when the outcome is evaluated. External assessment of school activity is carried out in Lithuania through implementation of modern organisational–structural elements. One of the most essential features constructing an ex-ternal school activity assessment system is its constant renewal, which is based on reflection and application of applied research data. External evaluator of school activity is a factor, which deter-mines not only data collection and their interpretation but also improvement of teacher’s activity and change in school culture. Therefore, preparation of external evaluators and their acquired competences call for a particular attention. This article presents the conception of external evaluators’ competences, analyses the opin-ion of Lithuanian teachers regarding competences of evaluators, who carry out activity assessment in Lithuanian general education schools. The roles of external evaluators are described and profes-sionalism of external evaluators is analysed. The article also reveals teachers’ opinions about com-petences of external quality assessment evaluators, which were surveyed applying quality research methods (focus group). Teachers perceive external activity quality assessment conducted in Lithuanian general ed-ucation schools as a very intensive process, where professional evaluators act as an organised team. The whole process is understood as prophylaxis or examination, when a reliable diagnosing of school activity spheres is carried out. The teachers’ survey regarding their opinion about the external assessment of activity quali-ty conducted in their school revealed that the respondents were satisfied with external assessment, which was based on identification of the good sides and strengthening of the good practice. Being rather critical and self–critical, teachers have formed an increased expectation to more intensively feel rhetoric of external evaluators regarding organisation of education process. The respondents long for independent and unbiased expanded comments from evaluators, which would point to the strong spheres of teacher’s educational activity, would disseminate this information in the school community and national education system. External evaluators of general education schools have to meet certain requirements that are defined through qualification requirements and competences that are necessary for an evaluator who aims to improve the school. Formal qualification requirements (higher pedagogical education, experience in pedagogical work, awareness of documents regulating education activity) are satis-fied but problems are faced when principles, values, self–perception and positive attitude to the environment of an evaluator of school activity quality are analysed. Considerate, attentive and discrete evaluators increase the degree of positive while observing, recording and analysing teach-ing/learning processes. The majority of teachers appreciate unbiased and expert evaluation, which is perceived as assessment and enhancement of own activity or that of school as well as encouragement to direct their activity towards renewal. Key words: external evaluator, professionalism, activity quality assessment.
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Čaplinskas, Saulius. "LIETUVOS MOKSLEIVIŲ PSICHOTROPINIŲ MEDŽIAGŲ (NARKOTIKŲ) VARTOJIMO, PASEKMIŲ IR PRIEŽASTINIŲ RYŠIŲ TYRIMAS." Visuomenės sveikata 23, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2013.042.
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Objective. To assess prevalence and social dimensions (family, school and peers) of substance use among Lithuanian adolescents and to provide effective recommendations of substance use prevention. Methods. A survey using a standard questionnaire was administered in three biggest cities of Lithuania (Vilnius, Klaipeda and Kaunas) twice: in 2006 and 2008. The target population was students of the age group 15-16 years old. Totally 14,155 students were enrolled. Results. 46 percent of respondents had no experience of any substance use. The most consumed drug was cannabis (hashish and marihuana) – 24 percent, followed by sleeping pills - 20 percent. Age of the substance use debut was directly related to further substance, especially cannabis (hashish or marihuana), use (r=0.891, p<0.001). Substance use had especially negative impact on the learning progress and perspectives of further studies and was related to the attitudes towards learning/school: the less interest in studies, the more extensive substance use (r=-0.151, p≤0.001). Parceived parental support and free time spent with parents were significantly related to the children attitudes towards substance use. Children without parental attachment were more prone to substance use and more submissive to the peer pressure. Cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug use were concurrent: students, who smoked cigarettes more often (r=0.425, p<0.001), consumed beer (r=0.323, p<0.001) more often, consumed low percentage drinks (r=0.255, p<0.001) and strong alcohol more often (r=0.313, p<0.001), were also more intensely immersed drug users. Conclusions. Adolescents engaged in the free-time activities with their parents were less prone to smoke cigarettes or marihuana and consume alcohol. Having friends who use drugs was one of the great potential risk factors for personal drug use. Strengthening of relationships among parents, school, community and adolescents is an important measure in helping adolescents to abstain from substance use.
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Šolienė, Audronė. "They are kind of/sort of similar: a parallel corpus-based analysis of English KIND OF and SORT OF and their Lithuanian correspondences." Lietuvių kalba, no. 14 (June 10, 2020): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2020.22458.
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The present paper reports on the English type nouns kind of and sort of and their Lithuanian correspondences in a contrastive perspective. This paper aims to describe the quantitative and qualitative distribution of the English kind of andsort of, to determine their translational correspondences in Lithuanian as well as to reveal how Lithuanian correspondences correlate with the functions (textual and interpersonal) that kind of and sort of perform in original and translated fiction texts. The research method is a quantitative and qualitative contrastive analysis based on data extracted from the self-compiled bidirectional corpus ParaCorpEN→LT→EN comprising fiction texts. The results show that kind of and sort of are prone to be used NP-internally; however, even in this construction they can feature as DMs. Kind of and sort of function as unambiguous DMs when they completely lose their nominality, i.e. are used NP-externally. The functional and semantic potential of the type nouns is fully reflected by their TCs. Very rarelykind of and sort of denoting a type are translated congruently into a Lithuanian type noun; they usually correspond to demonstrative pronouns. As discourse markers, kind of and sort of are realised by different Lithuanian correspondences which may help establish the common ground between the speaker and the hearer or refer to the previous context, may indicate epistemic imprecision, approximation or downtone a proposition. The high number of zero correspondence shows that the Lithuanian type nouns have not advanced on the grammaticalization path the way the English type nouns have and due to the multifunctionalilty, non-propositionality and context-dependence there is no one-to-one correspondence of the markers under scrutiny.
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Geben, Kinga, and Irena Fedorowicz. "The Idiolect of Wojciech Piotrowicz: A Vocabulary of Autobiographical Prose." Slavistica Vilnensis 65, no. 1 (September 24, 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2020.65(1).38.
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Wojciech Piotrowicz (born in 1940) is a Vilnius poet, prose writer, translator, journalist, social and cultural activist. He is the author of several poetry collections and volumes of memoirs. Research on which this paper is based consists of two main parts: we present the writer’s biography, which introduces a representative of the Polish intelligentsia in Lithuania, and an analysis of his lexis from his collection of short stories Moja czasoprzestrzeń (My Space-Time) (2015). The aim of the research is to investigate the lexical layers in the idiolect of the writer. Piotrowicz’s idiolect is the domain where the erudite vocabulary of the standard language blends in with the dialectical vocabulary of the Švenčionys district, in which words of rural life are frequent. In the vocabulary of his idiolect, we distinguish the following groups of lexemes: words from family language, archaisms, dialect words, and postwar Russian borrowings, referred to as “Soviet words”. The multi-layer nature of Piotrowicz’s idiolect is a result of a complicated reality on the border between cultures, languages, times, and evidence of changes in social stratification. To summarize the research results, it can be stated that the analysis of 179 words (phrases) from the writer’s individual language shows a world of concepts, thoughts, and values that are characteristic of representatives of the intelligentsia of peasant origin, born in the 1940s. The authors of the paper consider that this study is only a contribution toward determining the peculiarities of the Polish language spoken by the intelligentsia in Lithuania in the 20th century, and that this article does not exhaust all issues of Wojciech Piotrowicz’s idiolect.
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Burkšaitienė, Nijolė, Robert Lesčinskij, Jelena Suchanova, and Jolita Šliogerienė. "Self-Directedness for Sustainable Learning in University Studies: Lithuanian Students’ Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 9467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169467.
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The paper analyzes Lithuanian students’ preparedness for sustainable learning from the perspective of self-directedness. The data for the study were collected using a questionnaire that explored students’ perceptions in line with ten indicators of self-directed learning. The research sample (n = 309) was composed of the third and fourth year undergraduates accomplishing their degrees in various areas of studies. The data analysis revealed how students perceive their readiness for sustainable learning. Goal setting, technical readiness, time management, procrastination management, exam preparation and stress management indicators were analysed in detail in order to determine which variables had the most significant impact on these indicators. The study revealed that the students are only partially prepared for sustainable learning at the university. Even though they have the necessary digital competencies that allow for effective involvement in the learning process, the data revealed that they are prone to procrastination. The results also showed that the students perceived themselves to be the least competent in stress management and procrastination management.
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Vaidogas, Egidijus R., and Virmantas Juocevičius. "A CRITICAL ESTIMATION OF DATA ON EXTREME WINDS IN LITHUANIA VĖJO KELIAMA ŽALA APLINKAI: KRITINIS DUOMENŲ APIE EKSTREMALIUS VĖJUS LIETUVOJE VERTINIMAS / ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ, ВЫЗЫВАЕМЫЕ ВЕТРОМ: КРИТИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ДАННЫХ ПО ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫМ ВЕТРАМ В ЛИТВЕ." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 19, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2011.579452.
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An assessment of data on wind storms recorded in Lithuania during the past 48 years is presented. Records of storms with the average wind speeds of at least 30 m/s are compiled into one data set and presented in the paper. Reliability and meteorological homogeneity of wind storm data is assessed. The extreme wind data is estimated in relation to an assessment of damage to the built environment. An exceedance of basic reference wind speeds and design wind speeds specified in Lithuanian loading code by extreme winds (large cyclonic storms) is detected. The annual exceedance frequency was found to be considerably higher than the frequency of once per fifty years declared in the code. The exceedance was also found to be relatively dangerous in terms of magnitude. It is suggested to analyze wind data by a separate treatment of fastest annual winds and hurricane winds. Two hurricane wind regions are proposed for the Lithuanian territory. Basic reference wind speeds for these regions are calculated by applying the approach of partial duration series of extreme wind records. The regionalisation of hurricane-prone parts of Lithuania led to a compilation of two small-size statistical samples of hurricane wind speeds, which can be applied to an assessment of risk posed by hurricanes. Santrauka Nagrinėjami duomenys apie vėjo audras, kilusias Lietuvoje per pastaruosius 48 metus. Pateikiama duomenų apie vėjo audras, kurių vidutinis vėjo greitis buvo ne mažesnis kaip 30 m/s. Įvertinamas duomenų patikimumas ir meteorologinis homogeniškumas. Duomenys apie vėjo audras analizuojami vertinant tokių audrų galią sukelti užstatytos aplinkos pažeidimus. Nustatyta, kad ekstremalūs vėjai (didelės cikloninės audros) daugelį kartų viršijo bazinius atskaitinius ir projektinius vėjo greičius, apibrėžtus anksčiau Lietuvoje galiojusių ir dabar galiojančių projektavimo normų. Atskaitinių ir projektinių vėjo greičių viršijimai daug dažnesni nei normose nustatomas vieno karto per 50 metų dažnis. Atskaitinių ir projektinių vėjo greičių viršijimas taip pat yra gana pavojingas. Siūloma ekstremalius vėjo greičius analizuoti atskirai nagrinėjant metinius vėjo greičio maksimumus ir duomenis apie uraganinius vėjus. Lietuvos teritoriją siūloma dalyti į tris zonas, iš kurių dvi turėtų būti laikomos uraganinių vėjų zonomis. Baziniai atskaitiniai vėjo greičiai šiose zonose skaičiuojami taikant dalinės trukmės sekų metodiką. Uraganinių vėjų zonųįvedimas leido suformuoti dvi mažo dydžio statistines imtis, kurių elementai yra uraganinio vėjo greičio matavimų duomenys. Šias imtis siūloma taikyti vertinant uraganų sukeliamą riziką. Резюме Рассматривается оценка повреждений, которые могут быть причинены природной и застроенной среде экстремальными ветрами. Внимание сосредотачивается на ветровых штормах, наблюдавшихся в Литве за последние 48 лет. В статье представлены данные о штормах со средней скоростью ветра не менее 30 м/с. Оценивается надежность и метеорологическая однородность данных по экстремальным ветрам. Данные анализируются в свете их применения к оценке потенциальных повреждений застроенной среды. Установлено, что экстремальные ветра, создаваемые большими циклонами, во много раз превышали нормативные и расчетные значения скоростей ветра, установленные нормами проектирования, применявшимися в предыдущие годы и применяемыми в Литве в настоящее время. Частота превышения нормативных и расчетных значений значительно превышает декларируемую настоящими нормами одноразовую частоту за 50 лет. Степень превышения нормативных и расчетных значений скорости ветра также является достаточно опасной. Предлагается раздельный анализ данных по годовым максимумам скоростей ветра и данных по ураганам. Вводятся три зоны территории Литвы, две из которых следует рассматривать как зоны возможных ураганов. Нормативные значения скорости ветра в этих зонах определяются при помощи метода последовательностей частичной продолжительности. Введение зон ураганных ветров позволило сформировать две статистические выборки, включающие в себя относительно небольшое количество ураганных скоростей ветра. Предлагается использовать эти выборки для оценки риска, создаваемого ураганами.
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Sigurðsson, Einar Freyr, Milena Sereikaite, and Marcel Pitteroff. "The structural nature of non-structural case: On passivization and case in Lithuanian." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4319.
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Dative case on indirect objects (IO) in Lithuanian is preserved under passivization, which is not the case with dative direct objects (DO) of monotransitive verbs, suggesting that the two datives are not alike. Although DAT-to-NOM conversion is taken as an indicator of structural case, we show that DO datives behave differently from DOs bearing structural accusative in that the former exhibit inherent case properties as well (see also Anderson 2015). We develop an account for the contrast between the two datives by using two types of derivational mechanisms: structure-building features, triggering Merge, and probe features, triggering Agree (Heck & Müller 2007; Müller 2010). This study demonstrates that structural vs. non-structural conversion can be dependent on not only how case is assigned but also on the Voice system of a language (in line with Alexiadou et al. 2014). We argue that the DO dative in Lithuanian is in fact non-structural. Even though the result of DAT-to-NOM conversion is structural nominative case, the derivation is different from that of structural ACC-to-NOM conversion.
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Mansbach, S. A. "Modernist Architecture and Nationalist Aspiration in the Baltic: Two Case Studies." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 92–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068240.
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Modern art developed comparatively late in the eastern Baltic, with a variety of meanings, political purposes, and national references different from those to be found elsewhere in Europe and the Americas. Shaped by specific historical events and determined by distinctive local interests, Baltic modern architecture and art of the early twentieth century was charged with a national mission to reflect the political aspirations of the emergent new states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The present article investigates this charged nationalism within the modern art in the Baltic by focusing on the function of architecture in the newly established republics of Lithuania and Estonia during the years following World War I. The comprehension of the creative ways in which Baltic modern architecture was simultaneously employed domestically to articulate a national self-image and implemented internationally to signal democratic and republican progress might serve as a model with which to probe more penetratingly the roles of modern art generally, as well as to provide a new perspective from which to assess national narratives.
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Ruzaitė, Jūratė. "Discourse variation of vague language: vague quantifiers in spoken and written Lithuanian." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 10 (September 12, 2018): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2018.17443.
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Vagueness is a controversial issue, which was long stigmatised by both researchers and laypeople and largely neglected in linguistics until the publication of Channell’s (1994) study, which demonstrated that vague language (VL) is a multi-faceted phenomenon of high pragmatic importance. The present study focuses on one of the most central categories of VL in Lithuanian, i.e. vague quantifiers, which can be defined as non-numerical expressions used for referring to quantities, e.g. daug (“a lot”), mažai (“little/few”), keletas (“several”), or šiek tiek (“a little bit”). The meaning of quantifiers frequently encodes some evaluative content concerning the significance of a quantity. The evaluative function is an important and intended speaker’s message, expressed by choosing a vague expression, and is lost if reformulated into a precise expression. A systematic account of this pragmatic category has not been carried out yet in Lithuanian, and the vast majority of research on vague quantifiers focuses mainly on English with only very few exceptions.
VL is omnipresent and is used in all discourse types, but to a different extent and for different purposes; therefore, this investigation has a two-fold aim: (a) to determine the distribution of quantifiers in different discourses including spoken interaction and a variety of written texts (i.e. academic texts, newspapers and magazines, publicist texts, administrative texts, and fiction); and (b) to overview when and why vague quantifiers are prioritized over precise numerical references.
The data for this investigation has been obtained from the Corpus of the Contemporary Lithuanian Language (tekstynas.vdu.lt), which is a reference corpus comprising over 140 mln words; it represents five major discourse types analysed in this paper. The present analysis has been carried out within the framework of corpus linguistics, pragmatics, variationist sociolinguistics, and discourse analysis; it is primarily quantitative, but to explain some dominant tendencies in the results, it also deals with some qualitative aspects.
The findings obtained from spoken and written discourse have revealed that quantifiers are distributed very unevenly in the two modes of language; the results have also shown some dramatic differences in the use of quantifiers in different written texts. Their distribution and functions depend on the formality of quantifiers and their semantic type. Multal quantifiers (i.e. those referring to large quantities) are emphatic, whereas paucal quantifiers (i.e. those referring to small quantities) are mainly used for mitigation and are more prone to soften the effect of negatively loaded lexemes. Importantly, quantifiers are used for persuasion since they evaluate a quantity and convey the speaker’s interpretation of its significance. They can be important in discourse structuring, in shaping interpersonal relationships, and as a face-saving strategy. Due to the large variety of communicative functions that quantifiers can perform, they are an important category in second language teaching and should be adequately dealt with in lexicography.
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Matas, Darius. "The Image of Refugees and the Features of its Development in Lithuanian Online Newspapers." Žurnalistikos Tyrimai 10 (May 22, 2017): 71–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/zt/jr.2016.10.10701.
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The considerable number of refugees fleeing to Europe has an impact on countries’ economic, political and social agenda, as well as the processes of society. The European refugee (migrant) crisis, which began in 2015, brought out not only different attitudes toward refugees among European Union politicians, but also revealed how diverse the coverage of national media may get on the refugee topic. Refugees flee to Europe from various countries and diverse cultural backgrounds. However, society lacks the knowledge about their religious beliefs, lifestyles and outlooks. Moreover, the media has the power to decide which events and individuals to portray, and in such a way constructs the audience’s perception about the world they live in. Refugee-related messages in the media usually occur in a negative context: terrorist attacks, refugee deaths, criminal activity and protests. However, the media does not only construct, but also has the power to change prejudice toward refugees, ensuring that one of its aims is interaction between diverse social groups. The author combines quantitative and qualitative research methods for media messages and analyzes dominant stereotypes about refugees in Lithuanian online media. The types of refugee-related publications are also examined. Three research periods were chosen: 1-31 July 2015, 1-30 November 2015 and 1-31 January 2016. The main goals are to theoretically discuss the media’s role and peculiarities in shaping certain images which society maintains, as well as to define the stereotypes and their role in society. Lithuanian online newspapers are commercial institutions, which – in order to compete in the market – strive to engage consumers. Delivering messages quickly and in large quantities often matters more than their content and the reliability of sources. This, in turn, leads to the information being distorted or superficial. Lithuanian newspapers construct a negative refugee image, where the most dominant images of refugees are as individuals who are uncontrollable, aggressive and prone to commit crime, being either gang members, terrorists or benefit recipients.
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Czapliński, Przemysław. "Literature and Geography." Porównania 27, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/por.2020.2.8.
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This article proposes to treat literature as a template of the collective imagination. The basis for discussion is Polish prose from 1986–2016, with the main thesis being that Polish culture has reached the limits of geographical imagination. This is the result of Poland withdrawing from the larger structures to which it once belonged or to which it aspired (its diminishing presence in the European Union, the disappearance of Central Europe, delayed efforts to pursue the Scandinavian model of the state and civic culture, the destruction of relations with Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine). Weakening or breaking ties with neighboring countries has led to isolation from all four sides. In order to get out of this impasse, it is necessary to develop new narratives that would link Poland with the neighboring cultures and would once again put our country back on the European map.
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Keblys, Kestutis. ""Come into My Time": Lithuania in Prose Fiction, 1970-90. Ed. Violeta Kelertas. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992. 251 pp. Paper." Slavic Review 53, no. 4 (1994): 1127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500860.
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Volsche, Shelly. "A Comparison of Mothers and Childfree Women on the Common Characteristics of Romantic Love." SAGE Open 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 215824401770152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017701529.
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Since 2009, de Munck, Korotayev, and Khaltourina’s pioneering survey has been used to investigate the cognitive qualities of love across cultures, including Russia, Lithuania, the United States, and China. To date, this survey has not been used to probe these values at a subcultural level. Mothers and childfree women were surveyed with an expanded version of the original survey designed to target potential variations in ideology based upon parental status. Both mothers and childfree women reportedly adhere to the cultural norms of romantic love previously found in the United States, but childfree women were more likely to value pragmatic characteristics of love ( p = .011). Despite this, both groups disagreed with the statement “Career is more important than love,” suggesting norms of romantic love overcome feminist ideals. This is further supported by agreement from both groups on the previously identified “core attributes” that correspond with Fisher’s affective traits of romantic love.
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Boulouque, Clémence. "Abraham Unbound: The Prefiguration of the Unconscious in the First Generation of the Musar and Hasidic Movements." European Journal of Jewish Studies 14, no. 2 (July 16, 2020): 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-bja10015.
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Abstract This study examines the respective theological assumptions of two major forces in nineteenth-century Judaism—the Musar and the early Hasidic movements, and the way in which the budding concept of the unconscious illuminates both. Often translated as an ethical approach, the Musar movement originated from Lithuania and focused on Torah study as it deemed Talmud insufficient to create a deep, emotional attachment to Judaism; yet, despite their shared emphasis on emotions and their criticism of talmudic studies, the Musar movement was at odds with Hasidism, the mystical Jewish current that swept Eastern Europe from the eighteenth century onward. Through an examination of the biblical motif of the binding of Isaac, and the reaction of Abraham, this article will probe both movements’ analysis of the patriarch’s psychological make up. Such a comparison of their understanding of the pre-conscious psychic states will illustrate the nature of their theological opposition.
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Kundrotas, Gediminas, Jonas Jorašūnas, Barbora Markevičiūtė, and Vilija Jakumaitė. "Pūlinio mediastinito gydymo taukinės pakėlimu vėlyvieji rezultatai." Lietuvos chirurgija 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lietchirur.2010.1.2123.
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Gediminas Kundrotas1, Jonas Jorašūnas2, Barbora Markevičiūtė2, Vilija Jakumaitė11 Klaipėdos jūrininkų ligoninės Kardiochirurgijos skyrius,Liepojos g. 45, LT-92288 Klaipėda2 Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas,M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 VilniusEl paštas: jonasjar@gmail.com Įvadas / tikslasTaukinė yra unikalus organas dėl savo didelio ploto, beformės struktūros ir puikios vaskuliarizacijos, todėl yra labai tinkama didelėms infekuotoms ertmėms užpildyti ir mediastinitui gydyti. Šio straipsnio tikslas – aprašyti ir įvertinti posternotominio mediastinito gydymo didžiosios taukinės pakėlimu (omentoplastika) vėlyvuosius rezultatus. Ligoniai ir metodaiPo taukinės pakėlimo operacijos praėjus vidutiniškai 4,3 metų buvo atlikta 6 pacientų apklausa, apžiūra, pacientai užpildė gyvenimo kokybės klausimyną SF-36. Keturi pacientai, kurių priešoperaciniai spirometrijos duomenys buvo žinomi, mėginius atliko pakartotinai. RezultataiIš šešių pacientų keturi jaučia krūtinės ląstos skausmą, penki – krūtinės ląstos nestabilumo simptomus, penkiems susiformavo pooperacinės baltosios pilvo linijos išvarža. Visų pacientų su sveikata susijusi gyvenimo kokybė prastesnė negu daugumos. Visų pacientų FEV1 ir FVC rodikliai sumažėjo, palyginti su buvusiais prieš operaciją. IšvadosOmentopastika gydyti pacientai dažniau jaučia skausmą, krūtinės ląstos nestabilumo simptomus, jiems formuojasi baltosios pilvo linijos išvaržos, vystosi restrikcinis kvėpavimo funkcijos sutrikimas, jų gyvenimo kokybė blogesnė.Omentoplastika – veiksmingas, tačiau žalojantis pūlinio mediastinito gydymo metodas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vidurinė sternotomija, mediastinitas, omentoplastika, didžioji taukinė The role of greater omentum in treating poststernotomy mediastinitis: long-term results Gediminas Kundrotas1, Jonas Jorašūnas2, Barbora Markevičiūtė2, Vilija Jakumaitė11 Klaipėda Seamen’s Hospital, Department of Cardiac Surgery,Liepojos Str. 45, LT-92288 Klaipėda, Lithuania2 Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, M. K. Čiurlionio Str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: jonasjar@gmail.com Background /objectiveGreater omentum has an amorphic shape, large size, and excellent vascularization. These characteristics make it ideal for use in reconstruction of large contaminated spaces. The aim of this article is to describe and evaluate long-term results of poststernotomy mediastinitis treatment by transposition of the greater omentum. MethodsOn the average 4.3 years after transposition of the greater omentum, six patients were asked about their complaints, an inspection was performed and they completed the SF-36 health survey. Four patients with known preoperative spirometry results repeated the test. ResultsFour of six patients feel chest pain, five of six feel symptoms of chest instability, and five of six had a history of herniation after the transposition of the greater omentum. All the patients had a lower than average life quality. All the patients had lower FEV1 and FVC values compared to the preoperative ones. ConclusionsPatients treated by the transposition of the greater omentum more often feel pain, symptoms of chest instability, are prone to herniation, have restrictive respiratory insufficiency and a lower life quality.Omental flap transposition is an effective though damaging method of treatment. Keywords: median sternotomy, mediastinitis, omental transposition, greater omentum.
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Statnickė, Gita, Asta Savanevičienė, and Ignas Šakys. "The Relationship Between Work Engagement of Different Generations and Mobile Learning." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 6 (2019): 1627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967061627.
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As regards work engagement, different generations are affected by different factors. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a relationship between work engagement and mobile learning and whether there are significant variances between work engagement and mobile learning among different generational cohorts. Methods: Quantitative research was performed using “Individual Innovativeness Scale” developed by Hurt, Joseph and Cook (1977) and “The Mobile Learning Scale (MBC)”, formed by Fatima, Ghandforoush, Khan and Masico (2017), applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research included 231 representatives of different generations working in the organisations which used mobile learning in workplace and employed representatives of all four generations in Lithuania, EU. For statistical analysis two-way ANOVA was used, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons (Bonferroni correction). Findings: There are significant differences in work engagement by different generations and mobile learning. Vigor, dedication and absorption were significantly affected by generation and by mobile learning. Conclusions: Generation X and Generation Y are more engaged in the workplace than Generation Z. Generation Z is more prone to using mobile learning in the workplace than Generation X and Generation Y; in comparison to other generations, the Baby Boomers are least prone to using mobile learning in the workplace. Recommendation: A focus on Generation Z mobile learning in the workplace would increase their work engagement.