Academic literature on the topic 'Lithuanian speakers'

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Journal articles on the topic "Lithuanian speakers"

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Balšaitytė, Danutė, and Vitalijus Kodzis. "Quantitative Reduction of Vowel Graph ‘a’ and ‘o’ Positioned after the Hard Consonants in the Speech of Native and Non-Native Russian Speakers in Lithuania." Respectus Philologicus 27, no. 32 (April 25, 2015): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.27.32.19.

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This article analyses the absolute duration (ms) of stressed Russian vowels /a/, /o/ (graphs: “a”, “o”) and their allophones in unstressed positions after the hard consonants in the pronunciation of native and non-native Russian speakers in Lithuania. The results of the conducted spectral analysis reveal the specificities of quantitative reduction in the speech of the Russian speakers in Lithuania and the Lithuanian speakers that are learning the Russian language. These specificities are influenced by the two phonetic systems interaction. The speakers of both languages by the realisation of “a” and “o” violates the relation of unstressed vowel duration that is peculiar to the contemporary Russian language: the post-stressed vowels in closed syllables are shorter than the pre-stressed vowels; the first pre-stressed syllable differs from the second pre-stressed and post-stressed syllables by a longer voice duration. Both Russians and Lithuanians pronounce vowels longer in post-stressed syllables than in the pre-stressed syllables. This corresponds to the qualitative reduction of the Lithuanian language vowels /a:/ and /o:/. There are certain differences between the pronunciation of qualitative vowels “a” and “o” reduction among the native and non-native Russian speakers in Lithuania. The Russian speakers in Lithuania pronounce the second pre-stressed vowel longer than the first pre-stressed vowel; this corresponds to the degree of reduction of pre-stressed vowels “a” and “o” in the standardised Russian language. These degrees of quantitative reduction in the Lithuanian pronunciation are peculiar only for “a” in the Russian language. According to the duration ratio, the unstressed allophones “a” and “o” in the Russian language are closer to the unstressed /a:/ and /o:/ in the Lithuanian language in the pronunciation of Russian-Lithuanian bilinguals than in the pronunciation Lithuanian speakers.
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Vilkienė, Loreta. "Quality of Lithuanian Language of Native and Non-native Students." Pedagogika 135, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2019.135.6.

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The aim of the paper is to answer the questions about the extent of specific types of errors in Lithuanian and non-Lithuanian students’ performance on the same test and what it can say about native speakers’ and non-native speakers’ Lithuanian competence. Research material was a C-test completed by 326 third grade pupils of 6 Gymnasiums in Vilnius. There were 127 Lithuanian, 96 Polish, and 103 Russian pupils aged between 16–17. A total of 19,560 test items were analysed combining quantitative and qualitative error analysis methods.Data analysis leads to the following conclusions:1. The analysis of the extent of the errors revealed that the two non-native speaker groups are similar. The native speaker group made significantly fewer errors in all categories. The results of the analysis of the nature of errors suggest that, in principle, grammatical competence of non-native speakers is closer to that of native speakers than lexical competence.2. An examination of the same problematic points for all three groups reveals that, in most cases, both native and non-native speakers make the same mistakes, but non-native speakers make more of them. This suggests that the skills which differentiate between native speakers are the ones that are more difficult to develop for non-native speakers as well.3. Non-native speakers have a narrower vocabulary than native speakers, they make more lexical mistakes. However, it should also be noted that native speaker performance is also dominated by lexical errors.4. Analysis of the most problematic points revealed that grammar mistakes in such cases are more often made by native speakers than by non-native speakers. These grammatical mistakes are probably due to the lack of strong ability of native speakers to see beyond the words immediately following each other, to take into account more complex constructions, long sentences and to understand the logic of the text.
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Tamosiunaite, Aurelija. "Lithuanian Saturday Schools in Chicago: Student Proficiency, Generational Shift, and Community Involvement." Heritage Language Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.10.1.6.

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This article explores the Lithuanian heritage speakers’ community in the United States. It aims to look at the correlations between generation or age of arrival in the United States, and self-reported language proficiency. Usage of Internet materials in Lithuanian and involvement in Lithuanian activities are also addressed. The case study contrasts findings from two different sources: a survey conducted in two Chicago-area Lithuanian Saturday schools in 2007 and an Internet Survey administered to Lithuanian-American middle, high school, and college students via Survey Monkey in 2008. The empirical data indicate that Lithuanian heritage speakers form a diverse linguistic community having different linguistic competences in the heritage language. Consistent with the findings of other heritage languages (Carreira & Kagan, 2011), Lithuanian heritage speakers exhibit high oral proficiency but lack writing and reading skills. The correlation between the age of arrival and linguistic competence in Lithuanian was also observed: the younger the age of arrival in the United States, the weaker competence in Lithuanian was reported. Findings on Lithuanian heritage speakers’ involvement in the heritage community indicate that most of the respondents are highly involved in community activities. All of the third-generation (G3) respondents reported their involvement in Lithuanian Saturday schools, which indicates that Lithuanian education is still actively promoted among G3 heritage speakers.
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Vernich, Luca AT. "Does learning a foreign language affect object categorization in native speakers of a language with grammatical gender? The case of Lithuanian speakers learning three languages with different types of gender systems (Italian, Russian and German)." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 2 (September 23, 2017): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917728593.

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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: We examined whether categorization of inanimate objects is influenced by learning a language with a different type of gender system. Previous research has examined speakers of languages without grammatical gender (English and Hungarian) who were learning a language with grammatical gender (Spanish and French). By contrast, we examined speakers of a language with grammatical gender (Lithuanian) learning a language with a structurally different gender system (Italian, Russian or German). Design/Methodology/Approach: We compared four groups (Lithuanians speaking only English and Lithuanian, Lithuanians learning Italian, Lithuanians learning Russian, Lithuanians learning German) in the completion of a voice attribution task where subjects are asked to attribute either the voice of a man or a woman to inanimate objects. Data and Analysis: We tested 128 subjects (32 for each group). The first group included Lithuanians who spoke only Lithuanian and English, and served as baseline for Lithuanians with a single grammatical gender system (Group B). The other three groups included Lithuanians that were proficient in either Italian (Group ITA), Russian (Group RUS) or German (Group GER). Data were analysed by means of mixed effects generalized linear models created using R glmer() function. We conducted a series of logistic regressions examining the following fixed effects: sex, age, distinction ‘artefact vs. natural object’, Lithuanian gender, proficiency in the relevant foreign language and the gender of each item in the relevant foreign language (i.e. either Italian, Russian or German). Findings/Conclusions: Our results suggest that the four groups behaved somewhat differently and that belonging to one group or the other was a significant predictor of a participant’s choices. It seems, however, that gender in the respective foreign language did not affect a participant’s choices. By and large, differences between the four groups did not mirror gender asymmetries between the four languages, yet learning a foreign language did appear to interfere with the standard pattern exhibited by baseline Lithuanians who had the highest frequency of attributions congruent with Lithuanian gender. Originality: Recent studies showed that the effects of grammatical gender on categorization might not be limited to native language, but could apply also to a second language acquired later in life. Whereas previous research has examined subjects speaking an L1 without grammatical gender, we followed Kurinski and Sera’s suggestion and tested native speakers of a gendered language learning an L2 with a structurally different gender system. More specifically, we compared native speakers of a language with two genders (Lithuanian) learning either a system with three genders (Russian), a system with three genders and gender-marking articles (German) or a system with two genders and gender-marking articles (Italian). Our goal was to understand whether language effects on cognition are influenced not only by specific properties of the L1 – as suggested by Kurinski et al., who noted a difference between English and Hungarian learners – but also by specific properties of the L2 gender system and by the typological gap between the L1 and the L2 gender system. Significance/Implications: We asked whether we would find language-specific effects suggesting that learning a foreign language systematically ‘pulls’ standard categorization patterns towards the L2 gender system. Our findings do not support this idea. However, our results do suggest that learning a foreign language weakens the strength of the link between each item and its gender.
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Dubasava, Anzhalika. "Acquisition of Noun Inflection in Lithuanian as a Foreign Language: a Qualitative Study." Respectus Philologicus, no. 37(42) (April 20, 2020): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.37.42.39.

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The aim of the research was to investigate how native speakers of Russian, which is a highly complex inflectional language, cope with the acquisition of the similar by structure and complexity Lithuanian language. The subjects were adults of different age and education who learned Lithuanian in Belarus. I analyse errors related to the acquisition of noun case. The errors are divided into formal (acquisition of endings) and conceptual ones (choice of the appropriate case). I shortly compare my results with the results of similar research conducted in Lithuania where the subjects were native speakers of different languages.The results of the study show that similar errors are typical for native speakers of different languages irrespective of their morphological complexity. A complex inflectional system of a native language is not necessarily beneficial, but it seems to give some advantages for the acquisition of semantic (not syntactic) cases.
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Vaicekauskienė, Loreta, and Ērika Sausverde. "Lithuanian dialect reserve. Social and geographical restrictions imposed on dialect mobility as reflected in direct attitudinal studies." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2012.17250.

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The paper investigates a twofold attitude towards linguistic diversity in the Lithuanian-speaking community, where, on the one hand, the dialects are valorised as a national and ethnographic asset and, on the other hand, certain restrictions on their use are imposed because of association with a lower social value and negative stereotypes. Three direct attitudinal studies serve as an empirical basis for the research: a quantitative survey, qualitative interviews and an experiment with high-school students on stereotypical traits of the dialect speaker. When discussing future prospects of dialect change, the overt values of the speakers are compared with the findings of the speaker evaluation experiment that have revealed subconscious values of dialectal speech. The research has shown that compared to the Soviet times, the ideological climate regarding dialects has become more politically correct. Positive attitudes are most prominent at a declarative level and when regional identity and the speaker’s affiliation with a particular community have to be emphasised. Daily personal experiences, however, with the functionality of a dialect and evaluations of social and geographic mobility of dialect speakers, show a less favourable assessment of dialectal speech in comparison to the standard (non-dialectal) varieties. It is very much due to a frequent negative stereotyping of dialect speakers. The subconscious attitudes also reveal that the dialectal variability of speech has an arguably lower social meaning compared to the non-dialectal variability. The attitudes and practices of non-professional (lay) people may be claimed to reflect a double-faced standardization ideology of the Lithuanian language, which valorises dialects as an ecologic asset and at the same time limits their functioning by putting them in the reserve of “immobile” speakers.
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Zielińska, Anna. "Recenzja: Anastasija Kostiučenko, "Sprachen und ihre Sprecher in Litauen. Eine soziolinguistische Untersuchung zum sozialen Status des Litauischen, Polnischen und Russischen" (Języki i mówcy na Litwie. Badania socjolingwistyczne nad społecznym statusem języków litewskiego, polskiego i rosyjskiego), Berlin: Logos Verlag, 2016." Acta Baltico-Slavica 43 (December 31, 2019): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2019.012.

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Review: Anastasija Kostiučenko, Sprachen und ihre Sprecher in Litauen. Eine soziolinguistische Untersuchung zum sozialen Status des Litauischen, Polnischen und Russischen (Languages and their speakers in Lithuania: A sociolinguistic study on the social status of Lithuanian, Polish and Russian), Berlin: Logos Verlag, 2016.This article offers a review of the monograph Sprachen und ihre Sprecher in Litauen. Eine soziolinguistische Untersuchung zum sozialen Status des Litauischen, Polnischen und Russischen (Languages and their speakers in Lithuania: A sociolinguistic study on the social status of Lithuanian, Polish and Russian) by Anastasija Kostiučenko. Her volume presents a study on attitudes to Lithuanian, Polish and Russian in Lithuania, applying the matched guise technique developed by Canadian psychologist Wallace E. Lambert in the 1960s. The monograph is an important voice in the discussion on the methods of sociolinguistic study. This review includes some polemical observations. Recenzja: Anastasija Kostiučenko, Sprachen und ihre Sprecher in Litauen. Eine soziolinguistische Untersuchung zum sozialen Status des Litauischen, Polnischen und Russischen (Języki i mówcy na Litwie. Badania socjolingwistyczne nad społecznym statusem języków litewskiego, polskiego i rosyjskiego), Berlin: Logos Verlag, 2016.Artykuł przedstawia recenzję książki Sprachen und ihre Sprecher in Litauen. Eine soziolinguistische Untersuchung zum sozialen Status des Litauischen, Polnischen und Russischen Anastasiji Kostiučenko. Monografia prezentuje badania nad nastawieniem do języków (language attitude) litewskiego, polskiego i rosyjskiego na Litwie. Autorka zastosowała metodę kanadyjskiego psychologa Wallace’a E. Lamberta matched guise z lat 60. XX wieku. Książka stanowi ważny głos w dyskusji na temat metod badań socjolingwistycznych. Recenzja zawiera elementy polemiczne.
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Ramonaitė, Jogilė Teresa. "Challenge for learners of Lithuanian as a second language: variation of pronouns." Lietuvių kalba, no. 13 (December 20, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2019.22478.

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The paper analyzes Lithuanian personal pronouns that are a challenge for learners of Lithuanian as a second language. The pronouns studied refer to ‘he’ and ‘she’ and correspond to jis and ji in the standard Lithuanian language as described in the Grammar of Modern Lithuanian and Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian and Lithuanian L2 textbooks. However, the repertoire of the spoken Lithuanian as demonstrated by the data of spoken corpora, consists of four pronouns: jis/jisai for masculine and ji/jinai for feminine. The analyses of the Lithuanian as a second language learners’ corpus shows that this variation of the natives’ speech is not really acquired by the second language learners and it does present a challenge in the more advanced stages of acquisition. If the beginning learners do not seem to notice this variation at all, some advanced speakers do incorporate the longer spoken variants into their speech but to extreme proportions and therefore overuse them when comparing to the native speakers. Also, at least one case shows the longer variants being not transparent enough to be acquired from the environment. This poses a variety of questions, also related to the necessity of studying the spoken variety of Lithuanian by the native speakers.
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Parent, Arnaud. "HOW TO TEACH LEGAL FRENCH TO LITHUANIAN SPEAKERS." Vertimo studijos 1, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2008.1.10623.

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Legal language has its own technical terms that a translator has to know. This article considers some specificities of French and Lithuanian legal terms as well as specific turns of the sentence and the ways to train students to recognize and use them.
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Schoroškaitė, Vilija, and Loreta Vaicekauskienė. "Forms of address in TV series from the 1960s to the present day as part of informalisation processes of late modern Lithuanian and Danish societies." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 12 (January 26, 2020): 259–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2019.17239.

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By focusing on public communication, the current study aims to investigate how the concepts of solidarity and equality have influenced the norms of public communication in the West (Scandinavia) and what differences can be found in the context of Lithuania, where the late modernity did not follow the same patterns as in Western societies. This comparative study takes a diachronic approach to the use of the pronouns du/De and tu/Jūs and other address forms in Danish and Lithuanian. We examine these forms in view of democratization processes and the decreasing level of formality in the two societies. The question in focus is how address forms are used in Lithuanian and Danish dialogues in TV-series, which represent everyday communication between strangers in the second half of the 20th century and the 21st century. The empirical data for the research consists of two Danish series ”Ka' De li' østers?” (1967) and ”Bedrag” (2016-2019), as well as two Lithuanian TV-series ”Petraičių šeimoje” (1964-1972) and ”Giminės. Gyvenimas tęsiasi 3” (2017). The study covers almost six last decades and analyzes different forms of address that speakers use to meet the appropriate level of formality in daily conversations. The results have revealed significant differences in the development of Lithuanian and Danish societies and formal communication. The data indicates that Danish dialogues have become less formal over time, public communication emphasizes equality of interlocutors and does not mark differences in social status. Communication between Lithuanians remains formal; the results suggest that the choice of strategies in Lithuanian dialogues between strangers correspond to those used by Danes in the second half of the 20th century. However, it may be assumed that the process of informalisation in Lithuanian public communication is still in progress.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lithuanian speakers"

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Woolfson, Shivaun. "Everything speaks : the Jewish Lithuanian experience through people, places and objects." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/46565/.

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Once regarded as a vibrant centre of intellectual, cultural and spiritual Jewish life, Lithuania was home to 240,000 Jews prior to the Nazi invasion of 1941. By war's end, less than 20,000 remained. Today, 4,000 Jews reside there, among them 108 survivors from the camps and ghettos and a further 70 from the Partisans and Red Army. Against a backdrop of ongoing Holocaust denial and a recent surge in anti-Semitic sentiment, this thesis presents the history and experiences of a group of elderly survivors in modern-day Vilnius through the lens of their stories and memories, their special places and their biographical objects. Incorporating interdisciplinary elements of cultural anthropology, social geography, psychology, narrative and sensory ethnography, it is informed, at its core, by an overtly spiritual approach. Drawing on the essentially Hasidic belief that everything in the material world is imbued with sacred essence and that we, as human beings, have the capacity through our actions to release that essence, it explores the points of intersection where the individual and the collective collide, illuminating how history is lived from the inside. Glimpses of the personal, typically absent from the historical record, are afforded prominence here: a bottle of perfume tucked into a pocket before fleeing the ghetto, a silent promise made beside a mass grave, a pair of shoes fashioned from parachute material in the forest. By tapping the material for meaning, a more embodied, emplaced, experiential level of knowing, deeper and richer than that achieved through traditional life history (oral testimony and written documents) methods, can emerge. In moving beyond words and gathering a bricolage of story, legend, artefact, document, monument and landscape, this research suggests a multidimensional historiography that is of particular relevance in grasping the lived reality of survivors in Lithuania where only the faintest traces of a once thriving Jewish heritage now remain.
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Samoilova, Evgenia Verfasser], Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mau, Ansgar [Gutachter] Weymann, and Margrit [Gutachter] Schreier. "The Worth of Citizenship : Experiences of Citizenship Acquisition among Russian Speakers in Latvia and Lithuania / Evgenia Samoilova ; Gutachter: Ansgar Weymann, Margrit Schreier ; Betreuer: Steffen Mau." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1128793423/34.

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Books on the topic "Lithuanian speakers"

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Tekorienė, Dalija. Lithuanian: Basic grammar and conversation. Kaunas: Spindulys, 1990.

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Ramonienė, Meilutė. Colloquial Lithuanian: The complete language course. London: Routledge, 1996.

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1947-, Press Ian, ed. Colloquial Lithuanian: The complete course for beginners. 2nd ed. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge, 2010.

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Ramonienė, Meilutė. Colloquial Lithuanian: The complete course for beginners. 2nd ed. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge, 2010.

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Ramonienė, Meilutė. Teach yourself Lithuanian. [New York]: McGraw Hill, 2006.

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Paulauskienė, Aldona. Modern Lithuanian: A textbook for foreign students. Vilnius: *Zodynas, 1994.

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Kavaliūnas, Jonas. Lithuanian: A language course for school and home. Chicago: Lithuanian Educational Council of the USA, 1995.

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Piročkinas, Arnoldas. Lietuvių kalbos pamokos. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 1992.

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Bense, G. Skizze einer Grammatik der litauischen Gegenwartssprache: Litauisch für Deutsche. 2nd ed. Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft und Indogermanistik, 1996.

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Aleksandravičius, J. Litovskiĭ i͡azyk. 2nd ed. Vilʹni͡us: "Mokslas", 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lithuanian speakers"

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Dovydaitis, Laurynas, and Vytautas Rudžionis. "Identifying Lithuanian Native Speakers Using Voice Recognition." In Business Information Systems Workshops, 79–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69023-0_8.

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Ramonienė, Meilutė. "Family Language Policy and Management in a Changed Socio-political Situation: Russians and Russian Speakers in Lithuania." In Successful Family Language Policy, 127–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7753-8_6.

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Dereškevičiūtė, Sigita, and Asta Kazlauskienė. "Structural Models of Lithuanian Plosive Consonants in Different Word Positions." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200596.

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This study examines the structural models of Lithuanian plosive consonants in intervocalic, word-initial and word-final positions. The research material consists of 24 sentences read three times by 6 native speakers. The results show that the plosive consonants can be composed of one to three phases, and the most frequent and common models are the closure with a burst release, which might be followed by a different degree of frication.
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"Everything Speaks: A Multidimensional Approach to Researching the Lithuanian Jewish Past." In Documents of Life Revisited, 205–18. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315577869-20.

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