Academic literature on the topic 'Litige administratif'
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Journal articles on the topic "Litige administratif"
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Bernatchez, Stéphane. "Les rapports entre le droit administratif et les droits et libertés : la révision judiciaire ou le contrôle constitutionnel ?" McGill Law Journal 55, no. 3 (February 10, 2011): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000627ar.
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L’auteur propose de revisiter l’arrêt Roncarelli c. Duplessis pour répondre à la question suivante : dans l’hypothèse où le droit administratif et le droit constitutionnel sont susceptibles de fournir la solution à un litige, celui-ci doit-il être résolu en ayant recours au critère de l’atteinte minimale tiré du test de l’arrêt R. c. Oakes, propre au droit constitutionnel, ou aux règles de la révision judiciaire du droit administratif? Comme elle encourage l’autoreproduction normative, la logique de l’accommodement raisonnable respecte davantage le mouvement initié par l’arrêt Roncarelli. L’auteur s’intéresse d’abord au mouvement de procéduralisation réflexive des dispositifs de gouvernance démocratique amorcé par l’arrêt Roncarelli. L’auteur examine le raisonnement des juges dissidentes Deschamps et Abella dans l’arrêt Multani c. Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys, rendu par la Cour suprême du Canada en 2006, précisant que c’est leur approche, celle de l’accommodement raisonnable, qui prévaut depuis. S’appuyant ensuite sur l’analyse de divers auteurs, il suggère que la démarche de l’accommodement raisonnable est plus appropriée puisqu’elle invite les parties à construire la signification et la portée de la norme qui doit les régir, leur permettant ainsi d’identifier des solutions qui encouragent davantage le vivre-ensemble.
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Grey, Julius H. "Duquet Revisited." Les Cahiers de droit 28, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 441–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042818ar.
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En 1977, l'arrêt Duquet c. Ville de Ste-Agathe-des-Monts a réduit radicalement le formalisme qui entourait jusque-là au Québec l'octroi du jugement déclaratoire sur requête. Suite à Duquet, d'autres arrêts de la Cour suprême ont contribué à accentuer ce mouvement et, certainement en droit public, le recours au jugement déclaratoire est devenu une simple option, dont l'emploi ne devrait pas pouvoir influencer le sort d'un litige. Cette évolution doit être placée dans le contexte d'un abandon presque total des anciens recours qui compliquaient et rendaient pratiquement aléatoire notre droit administratif. Cependant, on doit remarquer une réticence, de la part de plusieurs juges, à accepter sans réserve les conséquences de Duquet. Le pouvoir d'annuler des lois ou des règlements fait parfois l'objet de restrictions. Les mots "intérêts immédiats", de l'article 453 du Code, reçoivent parfois une interprétation restrictive, et même l'absence d'une "difficulté réelle", dans un sens étroit et technique, peut présenter un danger. Ces tendances sont loin d'être universelles, mais elles peuvent avoir pour résultat d'engendrer chez les avocats une méfiance qui reléguerait l'article 453 à la dernière place parmi tous les recours, alors que le juge Pigeon, dans Duquet, avait souhaité qu'il soit "largement applicable". Le but de cette note est de démontrer qu'il n'existe aucune raison, qu'elle soit purement juridique ou pratique, défavoriser de nouvelles restrictions à l'octroi du jugement déclaratoire : Duquet devrait être accepté dans son sens le plus large.
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Moreau, Marc. "Alcoolisme et preuve — Le poids singulier de l'identité de l'arbitre." Les Cahiers de droit 35, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043279ar.
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La notion de compétence exclusive reconnue aux arbitres de griefs peut-elle permettre à ces derniers d'accepter en preuve des faits postérieurs au litige sans que leurs sentences ne soient annulées ? En l'état actuel de la jurisprudence, la réponse est affirmative. Néanmoins, le droit positif sur ce point ne semble pas totalement satisfaisant puisque, tant sur le plan de la compétence, entendue strictement, que sur celui de l'erreur manifestement déraisonnable, une telle solution apparaît juridiquement contestable. En effet, la compétence des tribunaux administratifs n'est pas un concept « mou » leur permettant de se réclamer, à ce titre, d'une expertise médicale ou, encore, de créer en milieu conventionné de nouvelles règles de preuve, applicables aux litiges nés de l'interprétation et de l’application des conventions collectives de travail. De surcroît, la notion d'erreur manifestement déraisonnable ne semble pas d'une plasticité telle qu'elle puisse permettre à ce type de solution d'échapper à l'exercice du pouvoir de contrôle et de surveillance des cours supérieures. Les contours de l'autonomie décisionnelle sont assez clairs pour qu'une sentence fondée sur une pareille preuve puisse être qualifiée de solution « manifestement injuste et contraire au sens commun ».
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Lyon-Caen, Arnaud. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges en droit administratif." Revue internationale de droit comparé 49, no. 2 (1997): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.1997.5440.
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Martínez, Augusto Durán. "L’Uruguay dans le cadre du MERCOSUR." Revue générale de droit 27, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035841ar.
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L’auteur décrit l’évolution de la vocation intégrationniste de l’Uruguay vers un marché commun avec l’Argentine, le Brésil et le Paraguay. Il analyse les objectifs économiques et le fonctionnement au niveau administratif et juridique du MERCOSUR. Finalement, il discute de la problématique de la solution des litiges.
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Ngango Youmbi, Éric M. "Les modes alternatifs de résolution des litiges administratifs en Afrique noire francophone." Revue internationale de droit économique XXXIII, no. 4 (2019): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ride.334.0449.
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Legrand, Isabelle. "Défectuosité du réseau d’assainissement public. Arrêté municipal de mise en demeure de procéder au débranchement d’un logement privé du réseau d’assainissement public. Compétence du juge administratif pour connaître du litige. Absence de mise en place de système alternatif d’assainissement par le maire ; multiplication des latrines privées beaucoup plus néfastes pour la salubrité publique. Annulation de l’arrêté municipal. Injonction au maire de procéder au branchement du logement de la requérante à un système d’assainissement individuel ou collectif en état de fonctionnement. Tribunal administratif de Mayotte, 1er juillet 2010, Mme Soifia Soilihi, no 0700156, avec conclusions." Revue Juridique de l'Environnement 36, no. 1 (2011): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rjenv.2011.5474.
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Nadeau, Denis. "Arbitres de griefs, tribunaux des droits de la personne et normes de contrôle judiciaire : une critique des arrêts Ross et Green Bay." Revue générale de droit 28, no. 2 (March 16, 2016): 149–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035637ar.
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La norme de contrôle judiciaire occupe toujours un espace considérable dans les litiges impliquant les organismes administratifs spécialisés au Canada. Bien plus qu’une simple question technique, la détermination de la norme de contrôle applicable pose en fait tout le problème de l’autonomie décisionnelle des tribunaux administratifs et du rôle des cours de justice à cet égard. À partir d’une critique de deux arrêts récents de la Cour suprême du Canada impliquant un tribunal des droits de la personne et un arbitre de grief le présent texte examine l’évolution de la jurisprudence concernant tout particulièrement la question du contentieux des droits de la personne et suggère des pistes de réflexion pour l’élaboration d’une norme de contrôle qui concilierait le pouvoir de contrôle judiciaire et la mission des organismes administratifs spécialisés en cette matière.
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Sossin, Lorne, and Steven J. Hoffman. "The Elusive Search for Accountability: Evaluating Adjudicative Tribunals." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 28, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v28i2.4503.
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Evaluating the success of adjudicative tribunals is an important but elusive undertaking. Adjudicative tribunals are created by governments and given statutory authority by legislatures for a host of reasons. These reasons may and often do include legal aspects, policy aspects and partisan aspects. While such tribunals are increasingly being asked by governments to be accountable, too often this devolves into publishing statistics on their caseload, dispositions, budgets and staffing. We are interested in a different and more basic question – are these tribunals successful? How do we know, for example, whether the remedies ordered by a tribunal actually do advance the purposes for which it was created? Can the success of an adjudicative tribunal be subject to meaningful empirical validation? While issues of evaluation and accountability cut across national and jurisdictional boundaries, the authors argue that this type of question can only be addressed empirically, by actually looking to the practice of a particular board or boards, in the context of a particular statute or statutes, and in particular jurisdictions at particular times. Such accounts can and should form the basis for comparative study. Only through comparative study can the value and limitations of particular methodologies become apparent. This study takes as its case study the role of adjudicative tribunals in the health system. The authors draw primarily from Canadian tribunal experience, though examples from other jurisdictions are used to demonstrate the potential of empirical evaluation. The authors discuss the relative dearth of empirical study in administrative law and argue that it ought to be the focus of the discussion on accountability in administrative justice.Évaluer le succès de tribunaux qui tranchent des litiges est une entrepriseimportante mais difficile à effectuer. Les tribunaux qui tranchent des litigessont créés par des gouvernements et dotés de pouvoir légal par des législaturespour une multitude de raisons. Ces raisons peuvent inclure des aspects légaux,des aspects liés à des politiques et des aspects partisans ce qui est souvent le cas.Quoique les gouvernements demandent de plus en plus à de tels tribunaux de rendre compte, trop souvent, ceci se réduit à la publication de statistiques sur le nombre de cas traités, leurs dispositions, les budgets et le personnel. Une question différente et plus fondamentale nous intéresse – ces tribunaux réussissent-ils? Comment savons-nous, par exemple, si les recours ordonnés par un tribunal font en fait avancer les objectifs pour lesquels il a été créé? Le succès d’un tribunal qui tranche des litiges peut-il faire l’objet de validation empirique signifiante? Quoique les questions d’évaluation et du devoir de rendre compte traversent des frontières entre nations et champs de compétence, les auteurs soutiennent que ce genre de question ne peut être traité qu’empiriquement, en examinant en fait les pratiques d’un conseil ou de conseils particuliers, dans le contexte d’une loi ou de lois particulières et dans des sphères de compétence particulières à des moments particuliers. De tels comptes rendus peuvent et devraient constituer la base d’étude comparative. Seule l’étude comparative peut faire ressortir la valeur et les limites d’une méthodologie particulière. L’étude de cas choisie pour la présente étude est le rôle de tribunaux qui tranchent des litiges dans le système de santé. Les auteurs puisent surtout dans l’expérience de tribunaux canadiens, quoique des exemples tirés d’autres territoires de compétence soient utilisés pour démontrer le potentiel de l’évaluation empirique. Les auteurs discutent de la pénurie relative d’étude empirique dans le domaine du droit administratif et soutiennent que là devrait être le point central de la discussion du devoir de rendre compte dans le domaine de la justice administrative.
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Kahombo, Balingene. "Réflexions sur le Comité de règlement des différends relatifs aux marchés publics en République Démocratique du Congo." Recht in Afrika 21, no. 2 (2018): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2018-2-150.
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Le Comité de règlement des différends (CRD) de l’Autorité de régulation des marchés publics (ARMP) constitue une nouvelle institution devant contribuer à la mise en œuvre de la législation sur la commande publique en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Cette étude vise à examiner sa nature juridique et sa distinction, du point de vue organique et fonctionnel, des cours et tribunaux. Elle tente également d’identifier quelques leçons que l’on peut déjà tirer de la pratique qui forme sa « jurisprudence » depuis qu’il est à pied d’œuvre en 2013. Il est démontré que le CRD dispose d’importants pouvoirs administratifs qui le singularisent et le démarquent des cours et tribunaux avec lesquels il n’est en position ni de dualité ni de complémentarité de compétences. Il s’agit plutôt d’une institution administrative dont la création en tant qu’organe technique de l’ARMP procède de la volonté de moderniser l’administration publique et de déconcentrer le système de traitement des recours administratifs en matière de contentieux des marchés publics pour plus de transparence et d’efficacité aussi bien que pour une meilleure protection des droits garantis aux citoyens. En dernière analyse, l’étude démontre que la « jurisprudence » du CRD est riche en ce qui concerne notamment la délimitation de la portée de sa propre compétence et le droit qu’il applique aux litiges qui sont soumis à son appréciation. A cet égard, sa contribution à la protection de l’Etat de droit en RDC mérite d’être particulièrement saluée.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Litige administratif"
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Bouchaud, Benoît. "Stratégie procédurale et litige administratif." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40058.
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La procédure administrative est un art tout d’exécution. Elle ne se résume pas à une succession d’actes juridiques abstraits. Tout le pari stratégique est de définir une science appliquée du droit. Définie comme l’intelligence de mise en œuvre de la règle positive pour obtenir satisfaction d’une prétention, la stratégie s’efforce de rendre compte de la dynamique du litige : opportunité du recours contentieux en asymétrie d’information, conception et réalisation des écritures contentieuses. La stratégie est une politique du droit, le procès administratif n’est en qu’une modalité, parmi d’autres. Le but partagé est dès lors de parvenir à une réponse ultime, la légalité, une légalité indispensable à la paix sociale. La stratégie ne se dément pas : la liberté est son génie et son démon. Lorsque par effraction, le choix ne se porte pas à la recherche de la vérité légale : l’enjeu du litige est en plein désaccord avec l’attitude attendue de la norme, il est aléatoire voire opportuniste. Le droit, forgé dans le tumulte des litiges, ne doit pas nécessairement s’effrayer de comporter en lui quelques paradoxes : cela le rend plus humain. Le procès n’est que des mots solennellement prononcés pour couvrir les maux de la société. Les mots. . . Rien de plus mystérieux que leur pouvoir. Ils sont les plus puissants de tous les moyens d’action. Par l’action et par la plume, la stratégie écrit une nouvelle page du droit. Elle jette un pont entre la règle juridique et sa réalisation pratiqueAdministrative procedure is an art of performance. It does not resolve to a sequence of abstract legal acts. All strategic bet is to define an applied law’s knowledge. Defined as the understanding of implementation for legal rule to obtain claim’s satisfaction, strategy seeks to account for the dynamics of the dispute : whether the use of asymmetric information in litigation, design and conduct the litigation records’. The shared goal is therefore to achieve an ultimate answer, legality, an essential legality to preserve social peace. The strategy cannot be denied : freedom is his genius and his demon. When broken, the choice does not lead to legal search of truth : what is at stake is in full disagreement with expected standard’s behaviour, it is random or opportunistic. Law, forged in the tumult of litigations, need not be frightened of it have some paradoxes : it makes it more human. The trial is only words uttered solemnly to cover the ills of society. Words. . . It’s mysterious power. They are the most powerful of all means of action. By action and by the pen, the strategy writing a new chapter of law. It bridges the divide over legal rule and its practical realization
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Duval, Christian. "La liaison entre la compétence et le fond du droit en droit administratif français." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32021.
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La these developpee ici est qu'il n'existe pas de lien necessaire entre l'ordre juridictionnel saisi d'un litige - administratif ou judiciaire et la nature publique ou privee du droit qu'il applique a sa solution. La regle de liaison ne correspond, ni sur le plan theorique ni sur celui de sa valeur pratique, a au cune necessite scientifique. Sa pertinence apparait tres contestable. La frequente harmonie des jurisprudences administrative et judiciaire dans le reglement de problemes qui leur sont communs, l'importance des emprunts faits par l'un ou l'autre juge a l'un ou l'autre droit empechent la reconnaissance du principe selon lequel la competence determine le fond. L'analyse du droit positif permet egalement de remettre en cause l'autre versant du meme principe selon lequel la competence suit le fond. Enfin, la consecration theorique de la regle ne repond guere aux exigences d'une construction rigoureuse. Les fondements que l'on croit discerner aux origines memes de la dualite de juridictions se tevelent fragiles, et la facon dont a ete conceptualise le principe par la doctrine demeure affectee de graves causes de precariteThe argument developed here is that there is not necessarily a link between the jurisdictional order - administrative of judicial - to which a lawsuit is refered ant the public or private nature which is applied to its settlement. The connection corresponds to no scientific necessity, be it on a theoritical level or on that of its practical value. Its relevance appears to be highly questionable. The frequent harmony of administrative and judicial precedents in problems common to both and the large number of procedents borrowed by either judge from the other type of law make it impossible to recognize the principle according to which the competence determines the substance. The analysis of positive law also allows us to question the other side of the same principle namely that the competence follows the substance. Finally the theoretical establishment of the rules does not correspond to the requirements of rigid construction. The foundations supposedly perceived in the very origins to the dual jurisdictional system prove to be fragile and the way in which the principle was conceived by doctrine remain affected by serious causes of precariousness
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Manla, Ahmad Jassem. "Les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges administratifs en droit français et en droit syrien." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0226.
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Longtemps ignorés par la doctrine ainsi que par le droit positif, les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges (MARL) suscitent, ces dernières années, un intérêt particulier en droit administratif français ainsi qu’en droit administratif syrien. De façon commode, ces modes alternatifs peuvent désigner un ensemble de procédés ayant pour objectif de mettre fin aux litiges administratifs sans passer par un procès administratif ou judiciaire. Pêle-mêle, se trouvent ainsi regroupés le recours administratif, l’arbitrage, la médiation, la conciliation et la transaction. C’est à l’étude de leur place restreinte dans le règlement des litiges administratifs, en France comme en Syrie, et des perspectives de leur développement souhaitable en droits administratifs français et syrien que la présente étude est consacrée. Il s’agit d’une étude comparée entre le système français et le système syrienHaving been ignored, for a long time, by the doctrine as well as by the positive law, alternative means of dispute resolution (ADR) have recently aroused a particular interest in both French and Syrian administrative laws. Conveniently, theses alternative modes would designate a set of processes with the objective of putting an end to the administrative disputes without going through an administrative or judicial process. The administrative recourse, arbitration, mediation, conciliation and transaction have all been haphazardly found out and grouped together. It is the study of their restrained place in the resolution of the administrative disputes in France and in Syria, as well as the study of the perspectives of their desired development in French and Syrian administrative laws that the present study is devoted to. In this sense, this is a comparative study between the French system and the Syrian system
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Le, Reste Simon. "La résolution des litiges sportifs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1089.
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La résolution des litiges sportifs a démontré une extraordinaire vivacité ces vingt-cinq dernières années avec la mise en jeu de trois grandes formes de justice qui constituent les « justices sportives », à savoir la justice interne des organisations sportives (disciplinaire et administrative), la justice alternative (MARL, arbitrage et autorités indépendantes) et la justice étatique (française et européenne). A travers le dialogue des différents juges du sport, ces trois justices, pourtant si différentes, s’éclairent, se tolèrent, se respectent et se complètent, permettant ainsi une résolution cohérente et efficace des litiges sportifs. La présente étude visera aussi à mettre en lumière l’existence d’un dialogue entre les différents juges du sport. Ce dialogue participe à l’amélioration de la résolution des litiges sportifs et plus généralement des normes sportives. A travers le dialogue des juges, la justice interne des organisations sportives a considérablement évolué au plus grand profit des justiciables du mouvement sportif qui y ont trouvé des droits plus fermes et mieux garantis. Parallèlement, et tirant bénéfice là encore du dialogue des juges, la justice alternative a connu un développement remarquable, prouvant sa très grande efficacité dans la résolution des litiges sportifs. Reste que ces deux justices ne peuvent raisonnablement prétendre couvrir l’ensemble des litiges du sport et leur donner une issue définitive. En dépit des progrès de la justice sportive interne des organisations sportives, et malgré le développement de la justice alternative, l'intervention de la justice étatique demeure indispensable dans la bonne résolution des litiges sportifsSport disputes resolution has shown an extraordinary strength over the past twenty-five years through the interaction between the three main forms of justice as component of the "sport justices", i.e. the internal justice of the sport organisations (disciplinary and administrative justice), the alternative justice (ADR, arbitration and independent authorities) and the state justice (French and European justice).Through the dialogue between the various sport judges, we will also analyze how these three justices, despite their differences, enlighten each other, stand each other, respect and complete each other. This research also aims at highlighting the very existence of the dialogue between the different sport judges. This dialogue plays a part in the improving of sport disputes resolution and more generally of the sport rules.Through the dialogue of judges, the internal justice of the sport organisations has significantly changes to the benefit of the members of sport organsisations whose rights are more guaranteed. Alongside, thanks to the dialogue between judges, the development of the alternative justice is considerable, showing its significant efficiency in sport disputes resolution. Nonetheless, these two justices cannot pretend covering the whole sport litigation and handing down final and binding decisions. Despite the positive evolution of the internal justice of sport organisations and the development of the alternative justice, the involvement of the state justice remains indispensable in the good resolution of sport litigation
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Lin, Ching-Lang. "Arbitration in administrative contracts : comparative law perspective." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0023/document.
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Il a été longuement discuté de savoir si le système d'arbitrage est applicable pour régler les litiges administratifs qui concernent certains contrats administratifs ou d’autres sans rapport avec le contrat administratif. Dans cette thèse, les trois questions spécifiques sont analysées tour à tour : (1) Est-il possible pour un arbitre ou un tribunal arbitral de trancher des questions relevant du droit administratif? (2) Y a-t-il, ou devrait-il y avoir, des limitations à l'autorité des arbitres et des tribunaux arbitraux? (3) Enfin, après la délivrance d'une sentence arbitrale, quel rôle devrait jouer l'État dans la phase de contrôle judiciaire? La première question concerne l'arbitrabilité et a été discutée dans la première partie (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). La deuxième question a été discutée dans la deuxième partie (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Enfin, sur la dernière question a fait l’objet d’une troisième partie (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). Dans cette thèse, nous avons comparé les systèmes de quatre pays (Canada, Chine, France, Taïwan). En conclusion, nous pouvons donc conclure que l’évolution de la conception du contrat administratif implique de nombreux aspects, y compris les aspects juridiques, économiques, politiques et même culturels. Le développement de la fonction de contentieux administratif, comme ‘’subjectivement orienté" ou "objectivement orienté" aura une incidence sur l'acceptation de l'arbitrage en matière administrative. Dans l'ensemble, l'arbitrage sera plus acceptable dans les systèmes dont la fonction est plus ‘’subjectivement orientée" que dans ceux dont la fonction est "objectivement orientée"While arbitration has traditionally been considered as a means to resolve private disputes, its role in disputes involving administrative contracts is a crucial question in administrative law. In brief, the three specific questions are (1) Can arbitrators or arbitral tribunals decide issues involving administrative law? and (2) Is there, or should there be, any limitation on the authority of arbitrators or arbitral tribunals? (3) Moreover, after the issue of an arbitration award, what role should the State play in the judicial review phase? The first question, the issue of arbitrability, is discussed in part 1 (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). The second question will be discussed in part2 (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Finally, on the question of what happens after the arbitration award, we will discuss judicial review in part 3 (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). We compare legal systems between the four countries: in France, in Canada, in China and in Taiwan. We believe that an administrative contract, at least in its function and conception, is gradually becoming different from a private contract. Innovation with respect to administrative contracts will also reflect the concentration and function of the administrative litigation systems in each country. In addition, the “objective” or “subjective” function of administrative litigation will also affect the degree of arbitrability, as well as arbitration procedures. Taken together, arbitration will be more acceptable in systems whose function is more “subjectively oriented” than in those whose function is “objectively oriented". Finally, “the arbitration of administrative matters” traditionally has been an important question in administrative and arbitration law. In the future, we will continue to see it shine in the doctrine and jurisprudence of both the administrative and arbitration law fields
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Ikonomou, Alexandre. "Les modes non jridictionnels de règlement des litiges administratifs." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020070.
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Longtemps ignores par la doctrine ainsi que par le droit positif, les modes non juridictionnels de reglement des litiges suscitent, ces dernieres annees, un interet particulier en droit administratif francais, notamment apres l'institution du mediateur de la republique ; plus recemment, la loi portant reforme des juridictions administratives fait meme reference a des procedures de conciliation et de recours administratifs obligatoires. Ces procedes offrent la possibilite de traiter toutes sortes de litiges et font intervenir des autorites qui presentent des garanties d'independance, plus ou moins importantes, par rapport a l'administration et qui peuvent examiner le litige dans tous ses aspects. Ils se distinguent surtout par le peu de contraintes procedurales imposees pour le declenchement de la procedure, le deroulement de l'instruction et l'adoption de la solution finale. - cette souplesse de la reglementation, qui tranche avec la rigidite du modele juridictionnel, ne doit pas etre confondue avec l'inexistence d'une reglementation, que l'on constate surtout dans le cas du recours administratif. Une telle situation, insuffisamment compensee par la jurisprudence, met en position defavorable l'administre qui se trouve demuni de nombreuses garanties de procedure. - ces constatations nous amenent a formuler une serie de propositions, fondees sur la priorite qui revient a l'esprit de conciliation; celui-ci doit animer tant les pouvoirs publics, charges de mettre en place de nouveaux procedes et d'ameliorer le fonctionnement des procedes existants, que les parties interesseesDuring the past twenty years in french administrative law, interest has reappeared in the area of non-juducial modes of administrative litigation settlements. Such modes have consisted in mediation ("mediateur de la republique"). As well as other modes of conciliation, or obligatory petitions before the administrative authorities ("recours administratif"). The main characteristic of these non-judicial modes is informality, which translates into a lack of adequate regulations, especially in the case concerning "recours adminsitratif". These observations lead us to formulate certain propositions based on the spirit of conciliation
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Vrignaud, Muriel. "Les modes non juridictionnels de règlement des litiges administratifs." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3027/document.
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L’inflation du contentieux administratif et l’encombrement des juridictions étatiques ont suscité ces dernières années un regain d’intérêt pour la conciliation, la médiation et le recours administratif. Le contexte actuel, marqué par la volonté des pouvoirs publics d’améliorer la qualité des rapports qu’entretient l’administration avec les administrés, est en outre particulièrement propice au développement des modes non juridictionnels de règlement des litiges administratifs. Justice plus humaine, souplesse, rapidité, coût amoindri… en dépit de leurs origines diverses, ces mécanismes présentent en effet de nombreuses vertus communes. Malgré les obstacles propres à la matière, les modes non juridictionnels de règlement des litiges ont su s’adapter aux exigences modernes de la vie administrative. La cohérence de cette notion est toutefois fragilisée par le développement anarchique de ces procédés, et tout particulièrement par la multiplication des recours administratifs préalables obligatoires dont l’objectif – bien différent de celui des procédures facultatives de règlement non juridictionnel des litiges – est avant tout de limiter l’accès au prétoire. Cette prolifération de procédures brouillonnes au mépris des intérêts des administrés nuit par ailleurs à l’image des modes non juridictionnels de règlement des litiges administratifs. Il apparaît donc plus que jamais nécessaire de définir clairement les concepts de conciliation, de médiation et de recours administratif et d’accompagner ces mécanismes d’un certain nombre de garanties afin qu’ils puissent enfin produire leur plein effetInflation of administrative contentious and the obstruction of state courts have caused these last years a renewed interest for conciliation, mediation and administrative appeal. The current context, marked by the will of the public authorities to improve quality of the relations which maintains the administration with administered, is moreover particularly conductive to the development of non-jurisdictional modes of regulation of administrative contentious. More human justice, flexibility, speed, reduced costs … in spite of their various origins, these mechanisms present many common virtues indeed. In spite of specific obstacles to the matter, the non-jurisdictional modes of regulation of the contentious have managed to adapt to the modern requirements of the administrative life. The coherence of this concept is however weakened by the anarchistic development of these processes, and particularly by the multiplication of the obligatory prior administrative appeals whose objective – quite different from that of the optional procedures of non-jurisdictional regulation of the contentious – is above all to limit the access to the courtroom. This proliferation of unmethodical procedures with no regard for interests of administered harms the image of the non-jurisdictional modes of regulation of the administrative contentious. It therefore appears more than ever necessary to clearly define the concepts of conciliation, mediation and administrative appeal and to accompany these mechanisms by a certain number of warranties so that they can finally have their full effect
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Ndigo, Nzié Samuel. "Le système camerounais de prévention et de réglement des litiges de l'administration." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40040.
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La garantie des administres contre les abus de l'administration s'effectue au cameroun par l'entremise d'un systeme combinant des mecanismes de prevention et des mecanismes de reglement des litiges administratifs. La prevention des litiges est un systeme a double detente comprenant : - une action preventive rapprochee decoulant des regles de la procedure administrative non contentieuse des mesures de dereglementation et des tolerances administratives - une action a effet dissuasif exercee sous la forme de divers controles, interne ou externes. Le systeme camerounais de reglement des litiges administratifs se situe lui, dans le droit fil de la tradition de la palabre africaine pronant la recherche du compromis. On distingue deux types de modes de reglement des litiges : - les modes de reglement par voie juridictionnelle - les modes de reglement par voie non juridictionnelle. Du fait de son organisation et de ses regles de fonctionnement, la justice administrative n'etait accessible qu'a l'elite ; la reforme constitutionnelle du 18 janvier 1996 permet de la rapprocher davantage de tous les justiciables. Plusieurs litiges sont regles en dehors du juge par le biais des modes dits alternatifs de reglement des litiges que sont : - l'arbitrage - la conciliation - la transaction - les recours administratifs. Le cameroun n'a pas institutionnalise le systeme du mediateur ou de l'ombudsman. Des pratiques de mediation telles que celle du type de "l'arbre a palabres" ou de la "mediation" hierarchique" permettent de regler les litiges administratifs mineurs, respectivement en zone rurale et au sein des services en zone urbaine. En conclusion, s'il n'est pas possible aujourd'hui de quantifier l'efficience des mecanismes de reglement des litiges administratifs, on peut par contre relever une diminution sensible des tensions entre l'administration et les administres, sous l'effet des mesures de prevention signalees dans notre etude.
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Diemer, Marie-Odile. "La juridiction gracieuse en droit administratif." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40031.
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La notion de juridiction gracieuse est traditionnellement rattachée à l’activité du juge civil. Le juge administratif connaît pourtant d’une activité gracieuse a côté de son activité contentieuse. Entendue comme l’activité du juge en dehors de tout litige, elle est peu étudiée en droit administratif, mais largement analysée en droit judiciaire privé. Il pourtant est intéressant de comparer la manière dont les juges envisagent leur office dans le cadre gracieux, et d’approfondir les points communs et les divergences entre les deux régimes juridiques. Le développement d’une telle activité peut cependant apparaître paradoxal à l’heure où les tribunaux sont toujours plus engorgés et l’attrait pour les modes alternatifs de règlement des litiges, toujours plus développé. La progression de l’activité d’homologation de certains actes administratifs et notamment des transactions peut cependant permettre d’éviter la longueur d’un procès. Cette nouvelle procédure peut ainsi favoriser le renouvellement du principe de sécurité juridique et d’envisager sous un nouvel angle la définition de la fonction juridictionnelle du juge administratifThe notion of non-contentious jurisdiction is traditionally connected to the activity of the civil judge. Still, the administrative judge administers contentious as well as non-contentious justice. Understood as the activity of the judge outside of any litigation, it is little studied in administrative law but widely examined in private judiciary law. Nevertheless, it is interesting to compare the way judges consider their office in a non-contentious frame as well as analyse further the common points and the differences between the two juridical regimes. However, the development of such an activity can appear paradoxical when courts keep being more and more congested and when the attraction for alternative ways of settling disputes keeps developing. Yet, the progression of the certification activity of some administrative acts, including transactions, can make it possible to avoid the length of a trial. This new procedure can thus favor the renewal of the principle of juridical security and makes it possible to consider from a new point of view the definition of the jurisdictional function of the administrative judge
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Ponsard, Anne-Laure. "La transaction administrative." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100200/document.
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This thesis offers to study “la transaction administrative” (agreement between two public agencies and a public agency and private individual in order to resolve conflict) in consideration of its legal environment: a transactional method of resolution administrative dispute can it validly grows into French law? It appears that the administrative transaction has developed where it is designated to do so. Promote this mode of dispute resolution assumed to clarify the definition and the legal regime. Here, like the transaction of private law, the administrative transaction is characterized by three elements: the existence of a dispute- under the administrative judge - an agreement and mutual concessions. Their apprehension is, however, subject to some adjustments to take account of the issues of administrative law that necessarily raise administrative disputes. This is a transaction largely inspired by the transaction of private law and slightly derogatory to common law that the Conseil d’Etat has shaped. The administrative transaction has been actually developed. However, a bigger development does not seem possible, at least in the short term, as the obstacles are significant. These are numerous, of heterogeneous nature and in some cases, hardly remediable. Neither the French legal system, nor the characteristics of the transaction allow a massive development of this dispute resolution. It is therefore likely that the administrative transaction remains in France, a secondary means of dispute resolution. But secondary does not necessarily mean minor, and if further progress is possible, the result of the administrative transaction is, essentially, very honourableLa présente thèse se propose d’étudier la transaction administrative à l’aune de son environnement juridique : un mode transactionnel de règlement des litiges administratifs peut-il valablement se développer en droit français ? Il apparaît alors que la transaction administrative s’est développée là où elle est désignée pour ce faire. Promouvoir ce mode de règlement des litiges supposait d’en clarifier la définition et le régime juridique. En l’occurrence, comme la transaction de droit privé, la transaction administrative est caractérisée par trois éléments : l’existence d’un litige ─ relevant du juge administratif ─, un accord de volontés et des concessions réciproques. Leur appréhension fait, en revanche, l’objet de quelques adaptations de façon à tenir compte des problématiques du droit administratif que soulèvent nécessairement les litiges administratifs. C’est donc une transaction largement inspirée de la transaction de droit privé et faiblement dérogatoire au droit commun que le Conseil d’Etat a façonnée. Depuis, la transaction administrative s’est effectivement développée. Toutefois, un plus grand développement encore ne semble pas envisageable, du moins à court terme, tant les entraves sont importantes. Celles-ci sont nombreuses, de nature hétéroclite et pour certaines, difficilement remédiables. Ni le système juridique français, ni les caractéristiques propres de la transaction ne se prêtent à un développement massif de ce mode de règlement des litiges. Il est donc probable que la transaction administrative demeure, en droit français, un mode secondaire de règlement des litiges. Mais secondaire ne signifie pas nécessairement mineur, et si des progrès sont encore envisageables, le bilan de la transaction administrative est, pour l’essentiel, très honorable
Books on the topic "Litige administratif"
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Kamto, Maurice. Droit administratif processuel du Cameroun: Que faire en cas de litige avec l'administration : guide pratique. Yaoundé: Presses universitaires du Cameroun, 1990.
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Soto, José Joaquín Villalobos. Guia para litigar en el proceso contencioso administrativo. San Jose, Costa Rica: Investigaciones Jurídicas, 2008.
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Zeca, Dorina. Daunele morale în litigii de muncă, comerciale și de contencios administrativ: Practică judiciară. București: Editura Hamangiu, 2011.
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Thouroude, Jean-Jacques. Pratique du contentieux administratif: Prévention des litiges, action en justice, voies de recours, procédures d'urgence, exemples de lettres et modèles de recours. 2nd ed. Paris: Moniteur, 2002.
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Red Participación y Justicia Bolivia. Hacia el litigio predecible: La identificación de líneas jurisprudenciales. La Paz: Red Participación y Justicia, 2009.
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UQAM), Journée en droit social et du travail (4e 1993. Nouvelles pratiques de gestion des litiges en droit social et du travail: Actes de la 4e Journée en droit social et du travail. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Y. Blais, 1994.
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Chazareix, Franc ʹois. Concours administratifs, franc ʹais, niveaux B et C: Brevet national. [Paris]: Vuibert, 1987.
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Viviani, Alessandro, ed. Firms and System Competitiveness in Italy. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-270-7.
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Recent evolution of the Italian industrial system shows how the concepts of localization/delocalization of economic production processes have very little to do with geographical and administrative borders. In this context, a very important and discussed element of complexity is represented by the evaluation of competitiveness. Problems regarding the concept and its proper measurement require a deep elaboration and regard the context of analysis, the information and the available statistical data sources. This book aims at discussing this complex phenomenon from a critical viewpoint both at a macro (economic systems) and at a micro (firms) level showing that they are intrinsically integrated.
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1952-, Murphy Patrick C., ed. Breaking the silence: Little Rock's Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools, 1958-1963. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Litige administratif"
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Jarke, Juliane. "Conclusion: Co-creating Inclusive Digital Futures." In Public Administration and Information Technology, 203–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52873-7_9.
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Abstract The first and positive conclusion—relating to the governing of co-creation and the sharing of control—is that co-creation is indeed an appropriate method to develop digital public information services that meet the needs of older users and achieve an output that is better than existing, comparable services. The second conclusion—relating to the sharing of expertise and knowledge—is that the co-creation of digital services works well with older adults, including those with little or no digital literacy skills. However, the performance and achievements of co-creation processes seem highly contingent and dependent on several factors. The third conclusion—relating to enabling change—is that not every digital public service is equally suited for co-creation. A lasting social as well as individual change can only be implemented if the resulting service does indeed respond to the needs of local stakeholders. Co-creation may become a way to improve the lack of user-centricity and user experience of digital public information services. However, there is no guarantee for its success. It is a complex multi-task and multi-stakeholder process, more demanding than traditional citizen participation. Due to the openness and complexity inherent to any co-creation process, providing strict guidelines and recommendations is not possible. However, the learning points identified in this book provide evidence on ways to co-create better, more user-centric public services with and for older adults.
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"Administrative Structures and Processes." In "Little Research Value", 78–116. Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9vvr0.9.
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Koivisto, Ida. "Pan-European General Principles of Good Administration in Finland." In Good Administration and the Council of Europe, 431–48. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861539.003.0017.
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In this chapter the meaning and effect in the Finnish legal system of the Council of Europe (CoE) conventions and recommendations are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the adoption of the European Convention on Human Rights and CoE law pertinent to good administration, administrative law and administrative law principles. The main finding is that, so far, the CoE provisions on good administration have found little room for application due to refined domestic legislation on these matters. Instead of being a follower Finland has been setting the pace in making good administration a central concept and normative requirement in constitutional and administrative law. Thus, although a two-way interconnection between the CoE and Finland can be detected, it could be argued that Finland represents a benchmark case. This development coincides with—and is partially affected by—the general ‘pandemic’ of good governance talk and enthusiasm over the last couple of decades.
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"Legal Framework for Administration of Deceased Native Estates." In "Little Research Value", 43–77. Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9vvr0.8.
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Mitchell, James. "Staggering forward little by little: administrative devolution in Wales." In Devolution in the UK, 40–66. Manchester University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719053580.003.0003.
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Faure, David. "Too little, too late." In Colonial Administration and Land Reform in East Asia, 182–93. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315186702-13.
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Matchaya, Greenwell, Pauline Allen, Simon Turner, Will Bartlett, Virginie Perotin, and Bernarda Zamora. "Recent Evidence on the Changing Mix of Providers of Healthcare in England." In Healthcare Administration, 1383–97. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6339-8.ch075.
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English health policy has promoted the diversity of providers of health care to NHS patients in recent years. Little research has been done to map the extent of actual and possible supply. Using data from four local health economies England the authors found that there was a low supply of such organisations, but that it is growing. Despite the greater emphasis placed by policy makers and researchers on non-profits, there were substantially more for-profits. This suggests they should be subject to further scrutiny, as the pressure to increase diversity of supply increases under the Coalition government.
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Wynne, Carlise Womack. "Cultivating Leaders from Within." In Professional Development and Workplace Learning, 1675–91. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8632-8.ch091.
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This chapter examines the practice of internal recruitment and internal advancement of administrative personnel within higher education. The purpose of this chapter is to determine the perceived success of one campus's approach to internal promotion from the view of the promoted. Additionally, the chapter discusses the rationales for promotees' views in relation to current literature and provides a contextual analysis of best practices related to internal promotion within higher education forums. The data analysis indicates that even within a single campus, practices vary widely, with little consistency or predictability. There is a correlation between the perceptions of job efficacy to support and access to mentoring from higher-level administration.
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Wynne, Carlise Womack. "Cultivating Leaders from Within." In Handbook of Research on Transnational Higher Education, 42–58. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4458-8.ch003.
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This chapter examines the practice of internal recruitment and internal advancement of administrative personnel within higher education. The purpose of this chapter is to determine the perceived success of one campus’s approach to internal promotion from the view of the promoted. Additionally, the chapter discusses the rationales for promotees’ views in relation to current literature and provides a contextual analysis of best practices related to internal promotion within higher education forums. The data analysis indicates that even within a single campus, practices vary widely, with little consistency or predictability. There is a correlation between the perceptions of job efficacy to support and access to mentoring from higher-level administration.
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Endicott, Timothy. "8. Substantive fairness." In Administrative Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198804734.003.0008.
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This chapter shows that judges must substitute their own judgment for that of an administrative authority on some issues, in order to give effect to the principle of legality. When there is reason for non-deferential judicial review, deference would mean abandoning the rule of law. The more interventionist grounds on which judges will control the substance of some decisions—relevance, proportionality, and legitimate expectations—may involve little deference, depending on the type of decision and the context in which it is made. Each of the interventionist doctrines gives the judges the opportunity to do justice for a claimant and to improve public administration. For the very same reasons, each doctrine poses a danger that the judges will make themselves into surrogate administrators by overextending the grounds of judicial review
Conference papers on the topic "Litige administratif"
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Pindur, G., E. Seifried, and H. Rasche. "FIBRIN DEPOSITS IN BONE MARROW AND CHANGES IN HAEMOPOIESIS AFTER ENDOTOXIN ADMINISTRATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644256.
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Thrombotic occlusion of microcirculation during DIC has already been studied in numerous organs, but little is known about analogous findings in the bone marrow. Therefore in rats under the influence of endotoxin the defibrination was examined for its relationship to changes inthe bone marrow and haemopoiesis. Bone marrow specimens were studied histologically by fibrin staining methods. Blood cells were measured automatically on the Coulter counter, fibrinogen by clotting assay. A fall in the thrombocyte and fibrinogen level was induced through a single injection of endotoxin with a maximum after 24 hours and 48 hours. In the same phase, after a short-term drop, a marked rise in the leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was observed. Following an initial increase the erythrocytes dropped and reached their lowest level after 48 hours. In the bone marrow 24 hours after endotoxin administration a large amount of fibrin deposits were observed in the small vessels. At the same time a clear reduction in all three haemopoietic cell lines was noticed. Between days five and ten the parameters of the peripheral blood normalized. Fibrin deposits in the bone marrow were no longer evident after three days. After 28 days an increase in the granulocytopoiesis and a continuing reduction in the megakaryopoiesis was observed.lt is concluded, due to the existence of fibrin deposits in the bone marrow in the beginning phase, that the observed haematologic alterations can not only be explained by the direct effect of endotoxin, but possibly also by the temporary microcircu-latory disturbances of the bone marrow during defibrination with its adverse effects on the haemopoiesis.
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Çera, Gentjan, Edmond Çera, and Zoltan Rozsa. "Exploring the associations between institutional constraints and entrepreneur’s perception in future business climate." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.066.
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Purpose – although many studies emphasise that institutional environment shapes business activity, yet it is not clear enough how legal environment, tax administration and stimulation policies are associated with entrepreneur’s perception in the future business climate. This paper seeks to explore these associations in the context of a post-communist transition country. Research methodology – the research takes an institutional perspective, and its analysis is conducted on a firm-level data collection through a face-to-face survey. Kruskal-Wallis test followed up by Jonckheere-Terpstra and Mann-Whitney tests, were employed in a dataset of 404 firms operating in Albania. Findings – the analysis offers important insights into the nature of entrepreneurship in a post-communist setting. It was found a significant association between future business climate and legal environment and tax administration. Between stimulation policies and business climate was reported an insignificant association. High levels in the legal environment and tax administration lead to the less favourable future business climate. Research limitations – though Albania has similarities with other transition countries in terms of regional, economic and political environments, the generalisation of these results to another context is limited. Originality/Value – this research provides insights for scholars studying entrepreneurship in institutional transformation contexts, and it contributes to the accumulation of knowledge on transition countries by focusing on the little-studied case of Albania.
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Goodbody, Stephen A. "Successfully Eliminating the Barriers to Solar Photovoltaic Implementation." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54247.
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For the majority of commercial and industrial facilities in the United States, electrical power represents a significant portion of their total operating costs and a cost over which they have little or no control. The cost of electrical power has risen dramatically during the past three years, and is projected to continue to increase due to uncertainties in global fuel supply, production investments necessary to meet increasing demand, increased maintenance and repair costs of aging production and transmission infrastructure, the decommissioning and remediation of life-expired generating facilities, and the implementation of increasingly stringent pollution control measures. These trends and influences are seen, to a greater or lesser extent, across the entire nation, but their impact upon the northeast and mid-Atlantic states of Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware has been particularly significant. While solar photovoltaic systems can provide an excellent on-site power source for many commercial and industrial facilities, and would reduce the burden on the existing, over-stretched and aging national power transmission infrastructure, the high capital cost of solar photovoltaic systems represents a significant barrier to the wide-scale commercial adoption of this technology. In an attempt to overcome this barrier, individual states are implementing a variety of rebate and incentive programs designed to promote the installation and use of solar power systems. However a unifying Federal Renewable Portfolio Standard does not presently exist and the complex administration demand of state programs represents a further barrier to adoption for many companies. Further, while a Federal Investment Tax Credit is available, certain organizations for whom solar photovoltaic power would otherwise be an attractive cost-saving opportunity, notably municipalities and non-profits, are generally unable to take advantage of this benefit. In response to this unsatisfactory situation, Soltage, Inc. designs, installs, operates, maintains, and retains ownership of commercial-scale solar photovoltaic power stations at client sites, providing solar-generated power directly to the client. Our customers incur no capital, maintenance or operating costs, and have no administrative burden beyond purchasing solar-generated power at rates that are below their existing utility rate and which are stabilized and guaranteed into the future. For our clients, this is their most effective means of controlling and stabilizing energy expenses in the immediate and long terms. For our nation, this is the key to rapidly implementing the adoption and scale-up of solar photovoltaic power, with all of its inherent benefits.
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Ward, M., T. Pavlina, R. Butchin, R. Johnson, and R. Cotter. "RAPID ONSET INHIBITION OF AFRICAN GREEN MONKEY PLATELETS AFTER INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF A MARINE OIL LIPID EMULSION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643386.
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To evaluate how rapidly and to what extent a lipid emulsion rich in n-3 fatty acids could alter platelet function, six male juvenile African Green Monkeys (4-6 kg) were given a 6-hour IV continuous infusion of a 10% marine oil (MO) lipid emulsion (5 ml /kg/hr). Following a 21-day washout period, the same monkeys were given a similar infusion of a 10% soybean oil (SO) lipid emulsion (TRAVAMULSION®, Travenol Labs). Blood samples were collected pre-infusion, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours following initiation of infusion, upon which the following were measured: whole blood platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 release following collagen activation, platelet count, and platelet total fatty acid composition (pre-infusion and 24 hrs only). Lipid Emulsion Fatty Acid Composition: mg/ml(% total F.A.) Both emulsions elicited comparable reductions in both platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 release immediately following infusion (6 hr). Platelet aggregation response after MO was significantly less than that after SO at both 12 (pc.001) and 24 hrs (p<.001), and thromboxane B2 release was significantly less after MO vs SO at 24 hrs (p<.03). Platelet counts remained unchanged after both treatments. Platelet total fatty acid analyses revealed significant increases in % total F.A. for C20:5 [1.87(pre) vs 4.79(24hr); p<.005] and for C22:6 [1.09(pre) vs 3.15(24hr); p<.001] and significant decreases in % total F.A. for C18:2 [8.94(pre) vs 7.77(24hr); p<.05] and C20:4 [22.6(pre) vs 19.6(24hr) p<.05], following infusion of M0. Following infusion of SO, the % total F.A. change in C22:6 was the only one of significance [0.85(pre) vs 1.25(24hr); p<.05]. This was attributed to the C18:3 in the SO lipid emulsion. Whereas the IV infusion of an n-6 rich lipid emulsion has little effect upon platelet fatty acid composition and function, similar administration of an n-3 rich lipid emulsion markedly reduces platelet function and effects a significant increase in the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio of the platelets.
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PERKUMIENĖ, Dalia, Rasa MERKIENĖ, and Ozgur OGUZ. "PROVISION OF EQUAL RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES RELATING WITH LABOUR RELATIONS IN PUBLIC SECTOR." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.125.
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Human rights are one of the most popular topics in modern global communities. Therefore, the adoption of the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Equal Opportunities and the establishment of the institution that governs the execution of this law is a significant legal step which permits to actually ensure the compliance of one of the most fundamental rights of the individual, i.e. non-discrimination on the basis of gender. Equality, being one of the fundamental principles of human rights, is governed by international contracts and legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania. The results of the questionnaires permit to claim that the administration of Kaunas district municipality pays too little attention to the provision of the information about the Law on Equal Opportunities of the Republic of Lithuania and amendments where of to the employees of Kaunas district municipality. Thus there are a lot of problems related to the provision of equal opportunities to the employees at work.
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Marquis, Brian, Jon LeBlanc, and Ali Tajaddini. "Examination of Vehicle Performance at High Speed and High Cant Deficiency." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56066.
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In the US, increasing passenger speeds to improve trip time usually involves increasing speeds through curves. Increasing speeds through curves will increase the lateral force exerted on track during curving, thus requiring more intensive track maintenance to maintain safety. These issues and other performance requirements including ride quality and vehicle stability, can be addressed through careful truck design. Existing high-speed rail equipment, and in particular their bogies, are better suited to track conditions in Europe or Japan, in which premium tracks with little curvature are dedicated for high-speed service. The Federal Railroad Administration has been conducting parametric simulation studies that examine the performance of rail vehicles at high speeds (greater than 90 mph) and at high cant deficiency (greater than 5 inches). The purpose of these analyses is to evaluate the performance of representative vehicle designs subject to different combinations of track geometry variations, such as short warp and alinement.
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Krah, Bernhard Alexander. "THE DIFFERENT APPROACHES FOR THE MARKET SEGMENT B2G (B2A) COMPARED TO B2B AND B2C, BASED ON A CASE STUDY FOR INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2020.95.
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In today´s highly competitive marketing methods, the market segments B2B (Business-to-Business) and B2C (Business-to-Consumer) are very well established and applied. The worldwide largest market segment, the B2A/B2G (Business-to-Administration/Business-to-Government) however, has until now received little or no attention in the literature. In the theoretical part of this paper, a focus has been placed on the measurements, how a company is able to find the right approach to operate its business successfully in this very specific business segment, where the players have completely different motivations. The aim of this paper is to gain insight into the basic concepts what rules must be followed to avoid delays, errors and losses, especially considering suppliers, who want to work internationally. This paper is complemented by a case study of an infrastructure product (sewage pipe system), that was manufactured and successfully launched and installed in the Philippines. This research shows the strategy for an infrastructure product market penetration for a new player in the market, with a „non-existent “product.
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Zhang, Zhipeng, Xiang Liu, and Zheyong Bian. "Analysis of Restricted-Speed Accidents Using Fault Tree Analysis." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6130.
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Restricted speed is the speed that permits stopping within one-half the range of vision, normally not exceeding 20 miles per hour. The occurrences of some severe accidents at restricted speeds have highlighted the importance of safety improvements in restricted-speed operations. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has identified restricted-speed violations as a common rule compliance problem. Nevertheless, little prior research has been conducted on the analysis of train operations and safety risk under restricted speeds. This paper used Fault Tree Analysis to explore scenarios for restricted-speed operations to identify failure paths that lead to train accidents. Understanding restricted-speed train accident causal chains and corresponding structural representations of relevant contributory precursors can contribute to more accurate estimation of restricted-speed risk. Four recent restricted-speed accidents were studied based on the information from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and FRA. This study may serve as a reference leading to the further development of quantitative risk assessment and the evaluation of risk mitigation strategies for restricted-speed operations.
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Nassau, Christopher J., and Ramesh K. Agarwal. "Shape Optimization of a Trumpet-Tipped LVAD Inflow Cannula to Reduce Blood Damage Using a Genetic Algorithm." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4690.
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Abstract Use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the field of blood-contacting medical device design and analysis has been growing in recent years. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center of Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) has accelerated interest in industry and academia with nozzle and blood pump benchmarks to uncover best practices and to hopefully elevate the status of CFD to be applied as a safety analysis tool for medical devices. One area, not discussed as often as the pure simulation is the design optimization of hemodynamic devices. A systematic shape “optimization” should be distinguished from a simple “design improvement” by performing many flow field computations and design iterations to improve performance. In this paper, the shape optimization of a trumpet-tipped inflow cannula is presented using a single-objective genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize the blood damage. Many varying accounts in the literature have pointed to the advantages of the trumpet-tipped left ventricular assist device (LVAD) cannula for low blood damage and uniform velocity distribution with little to no backflow when compared to other shapes such as blunt, beveled and caged cannulas.
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Bagdatlioglu, Cem, Robert Flanagan, and Erich Schneider. "Characterizing the United States Nuclear Used Fuel Inventory Using the Cyclus Fuel Cycle Simulator." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-61031.
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The used fuel inventory of the United States commercial nuclear fleet has been accumulating since the inception of nuclear reactors. In order to understand the mass and composition of the used fuel inventory, a nuclear fuel cycle simulation package (Cyclus) is used with a reactor modeling tool (Bright-lite). The parameters for the simulation are obtained as historical operation and burnup data for every reactor in the US fleet, taken from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. The historical burnup data is used to calculate the fuel enrichment of every reactor at every refueling. Discharged uranium inventories calculated by the software are shown to closely match the reference data. The total mass of three major actinide groups are presented as they build up over time. In addition, the evolution of the plutonium composition in discharged fuel is also presented, illustrating Cyclus’ ability to track the composition of material flowing through a large, evolving reactor fleet over decades.
Reports on the topic "Litige administratif"
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Peterson, Eric, Wenbin Wei, and Lydon George. A Model for Integrating Rail Services with other Transportation Modalities: Identifying the Best Practices and the Gaps for California’s Next State Rail Plan. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1949.
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The California State Rail Plan (CSRP) is among the best rail plan documents published by any jurisdiction in the United States to date. As such, the CSRP is used in this paper as the basis of comparison to other state rail service plans. These plans will have been submitted to the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) on record as of June 2020—as required under Section 303 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act (PRIIA) of 2008. The purpose of this paper is to identify the best practices and gaps that may inform California and other states in their future rail service plan development. This paper is grounded in the realization that, while the general outline of FRA requirements is uniform for all states, the actual content and inclusion of these requirements in the myriad state plans varies greatly. For example, California was granted an exception to help update FRA Rail Plan Guidance for its 2018 Rail Plan, other states have complained that FRA guidance and requirements on rail service planning have put state rail agencies in the position of constantly writing plans with little or no time to implement them. Throughout this research, the authors identify all the elements of FRA guidelines as reflected in the CSRP and rail plans of other states. This report also identifies the best features and planning strategies that may inform and improve the state rail planning process going forward, steps that will positively contribute to the public benefit of enhanced rail systems.
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Qi, Yan, Ryan Fries, Shambhu Saran Baral, and Pranesh Biswas. Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Snow Fences in Illinois: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-020.
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Serving as a windbreak, properly sited and designed snow fences have been proven effective in mitigating the negative impacts of blowing snow. To achieve the best snow-control effects, the ideal locations for snow fences are usually outside the roadway right-of-way. Few efforts have been made to examine the economic efficiency of snow fences and explore ways to reward private landowners. The objective of this project was to develop methodologies for evaluation of the costs and benefits of snow fences in Illinois and identify ways to encourage private landowners’ participation in the snow fence program while keeping it cost-effective. The researchers conducted a literature review as well as agency and landowner surveys. They also acquired crash data, snow fence and blowing snow segment inventory data, and blowing snow removal expenditure data as well as performed benefit-cost analyses of three types of snow fences following Federal Highway Administration guides. The survey results suggested that standing corn rows (SCRs) and structural snow fences (SSFs) were the least intrusive options for landowners and living snow fences (LSFs) with trees were the most intrusive. Some concerns related to LSFs could be reduced by allowing landowners to play a role in the design and plant-selection process. The crash data indicated that no fatal and severe crashes occurred at snow fence segments, while several fatal and severe crashes occurred at blowing snow segments during 2012–2016. The results of the benefit-cost analyses showed that the benefit-cost ratios for LSFs and SSFs are comparable. However, LSFs are favorable over SSFs because little maintenance is needed after the plants are mature. Although SCRs have the highest benefit-cost ratio, the need to renew the agency-landowner agreement annually and the alternating of crops planted may limit their snow-control effectiveness and large-scale implementation. A tool was developed using MS Excel to facilitate the benefit-cost analysis of snow fences.