Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Littérature africaine – 1945-.... – Influence'
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Soro, Bakary. "La réception de Brecht en Afrique chez Wolé Soyinka, Alioum Fantouré et Ngugi wa Thiong'o." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR20026.
Full textThe reception of Brecht in Africa in the works of Soyinka, Fantouré and Ngugi shows a certain freedom which the African authors make use of when dealing with Brecht-texts. This approach urges us to reflect upon the often ambivalent relationship between the "I" of these authors contemplating the "other", being Brecht, and what Brecht represents in reality. In the specific cases of Soyinka, Fantouré and, to a lesser extent, Ngugi, this reading becomes a new way of reading the "other", who now is "tamed" to the point of becoming thematically ans stylistically a local element in their literary complex. Soyinka reactualises the Yoruba-tradition with the help of Brecht, letting the dramatical elements emerge from both African and European traditions. These elements play a role in these two traditions, however with different poetical fonctions. Fantouré reflects a punctual reception of Brecht which is limited to the use of the "Zinc Coffin" in "Le Cercle des Tropiques". Fantouré differentiates between political aspects and ideology. It is only with Ngugi, a tendenciously marxist writer, that the reception of Brecht becomes strongly elaborated with a visible reference to the German author
Mendy, Dominique François. "La médiatisation des intellectuels dans les débats publics africains (1960-2000)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020018/document.
Full textThe assertion that the medias have become the “fourth power” seems to be part of the self-evident facts that the professionals of the medias as well some intellectuals need not always question. A truth that is all the more obvious because the medias regularly prove it through their capacity to mobilize people around an event or even a televised series. In order not to turn such an assertion into a “soft concept”, it has been worth putting it to the practical test within the context of Senegal during the period (1960-2000) by chiefly applying it to the particular group of the intellectuals. The advantage of such a group lies on its competences (knowledge and know-how) that have given it a symbolic “power”. Thus, in the Senegalese context the intellectuals have consolidated, in the long run, their “strength” through various means of publications (journals, novels, essays, etc.), as well as through public debates and important intellectual gatherings (congresses, symposiums, festivals etc.). Those various ways of official recognition and consecration, that have proven their level of commitment, have confronted the medias which, by growing in large numbers in the 80s, have developed influential strategies based on visibility and the increased use of the national languages. The consequent emerging effects have not only made new social legitimacies rise up, but have also caused new sociocultural, political, intellectual and public configurations come out, especially an intellectual figure that has been more attentive to the cultural creations
Kasse, Maguèye. "Les relations culturelles entre la RFA et l'Afrique subsaharienne (1949-1980) : leur place dans la politique extérieure de la République fédérale." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080915.
Full textThe federal germany's foreign policy as applied to developing countries and specifically to the countries of sub-saharan africa gives no special place to cultural relations as such. Whether it is expressed in the general framework of development aid, or in that of training aid, "cultural aid for self-help" and its many guises, the record is generally unsatisfactory and necessitates repeated attempts at conceptualisation. Although this conceptualisation integrates various aspects of a shared demand for a new and more just world economic order, it nevertheless shows the limitations inherent in the very nature of cultural relations
M'Saidie, Mahamoud. "La littérature négro-africaine dans les histoires littéraires, dictionnaires littéraires et anthologies d'expression française." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131040.
Full textKonaré, Alhousseyni. "Mystique et prophétie chez Léopold Sédar Senghor et Aimé Césaire." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040286.
Full textRubera, Albert. "La poétique feministe postcoloniale dans la littérature africaine francophone : autour de l'écriture romanesque de Ken Bugul." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131006.
Full textConfluence of sociological theories, political movements and moral philosophies regarding the situation of women in general, and within their social, political and economic context in particular, feminism has always embraced worldwide ambitions. In this resolute struggle for women liberation, feminism changed the face several times, and was often divided into trends and streams sometimes opposed to one another with regard to the meaning of the struggle to lead. How is the postcolonial African woman going to react to feminism which can be considered as one of the forms of Western imperialism having for a long time acted in the guise of a universalistic discourse of women liberation? This is the question that Ken Bugul has already asked herself. This study intends to situate Ken Bugul's feminist thought and position at the cross-section of feminist and postcolonial theories
Munnick, James. "Romans et nouvellistes noirs en afrique du sud, de 1948 a 1986 : exploitation litteraire de la vie des gens de couleur." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20046.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of writings in english between 1948 and 1986 by south african authors of colour (defined as africans, coloureds and indians). 1948 was the year of the official institution of the appartheid policy which aimed at permently separating whites and blacks. The study starts from an analysis of their short stories, novels and other writings which changes, reflecting the attitudes of blacks which were modified in the course of the same generation from passive defence to active resistance. The themes of alienation and the raising of political consciousness are considered, as are historical, sociological, psychological, economic and other political factors. The study terminates in 1986, the tenth anniversary of the soweto uprising
Eluther, Ena. "L'africanité dans la littérature caribéenne." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3001.
Full textCan the africanity of caribbean cultures come down to distant survivals, or constitute the foundation of these cultures ? Literature, as a mirror of peoples, as a painting of cultures, as art, allows to perceive the cultural and literary continuity between the african continent and its caribbean diaspora. The comparison of english-speaking and french-speaking novels from the Caribbean and from West Africa and Central Africa shows common cultural features and literary topoi from one area to the other : colonial trauma, protection and adaptation of ancestral legacy, common spiritual values, linguistic problematics, paintings of resistance struggles in which the writer himself is in the frontline. This comparative study, which sometimes draws from caribbean and african oral literature, as from caribbean spanish-speaking literature, suggests that one should view the afro-caribbean cultural expressions as an extension of african cultural expressions, offering in this way a large panorama of the cultural and literary black world. From 1921 to the early years 2000, this analysis takes into account the changes of african and caribbean literatures and the societies they represent. Have the changes definitively broken the african civilizational unity, the cultural links between Africa and the Americas ? On the contrary, the reading of the novels of the corpus shows an homogeneous and coherent picture of cultural and literary expressions of Africa and its caribbean diaspora, so doing putting Africa back into the center of caribbean culture
Guibergia, Béatrice. "Influences plastiques des « arts premiers » de l’Afrique occidentale et centrale." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10090.
Full textSeck, Diaga. "Entre fiction et réalité : l'écriture de l'aventure coloniale à travers la littérature romanesque en Afrique occidentale française : 1900-1939." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040196.
Full textWe intend, through this study, to analyse the significant works of the colonial literature that has been produced in the French western Africa from 1900 to the brink of the Second World War. We propose to look into the interactions of literature and reality through the scrutiny of the mimesis by proceeding to the decoding of the fictive content of a production that has always presented itself as a mirror image of reality. Thus, our problematic being at the very heart of a literary debate which denounces the realistic mimetic as an imposture, we found it relevant to evaluate the weight of the referential universe in the process of writing fiction. At last, as it is about a literature that was generated by the colonialism, we also estimate its capacity to gain its autonomy before such a great influence
Laplénie, Jean-François. ""Puissances voisines" : études pour une histoire structurelle de la réception de la psychanalyse dans les milieux littéraires de langue allemande (1900-1930)." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030093.
Full textThe constitution of the psychoanalytical movement around Sigmund Freud in the decade 1900-1910 corresponds to a strategy aiming to diffuse Freudian psychoanalysis into the literary field, which initiates a situation of concurrency between the two domains. The writers react to this attack against their own territory by insisting on the fundamental difference between their artistic practice and psychoanalysis : through a reflection on the knowledge of the writer, as opposed to that of the scientist ; through a reinterpretation and a translation of Freudian concepts according to the codes of the literary field, notably those of Romanticism ; through a strategy of public controversy, in the press or in their own works. This counter-attack ends in a defusing of the danger by way of integrating psychoanalysis inside the literary device. The present study analyses those mechanisms using P. Bourdieu’s theory of fields and M. Espagne and M. Werner’s theory of cultural transfers
Tatsopoulos-Polychronopoulos, Hélène. "Les influences françaises dans quelques romans de formation grecs de l'Entre-Deux-Guerres." Paris, INALCO, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAL0027.
Full textHwang, Sun-Hee. "L' influence du symbolisme français sur la poésie coréenne moderne." Paris, INALCO, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INAL0006.
Full textThe symbolism was one of the greatest and richest poetical veins of the French literature, and it was an universal movement. This current exerted a preponderant influence on poetry in Asia, especially in Japan and in Korea. It was introduced in Korea near 1915 by means of the Japanese literature that played thus the role of go-between. The French symbolism had on Korean poetry a preponderant and immediate influence until the end of years 1930s. Aspects that have the most seduced Korean poets were the sensitivity of Verlaine and the sensuality of Baudelaire. It transformed thus deeply Korean poetry that it made enter in the modernity. It modified the poetical art in its form and enriched considerably its themes. Korean poets who have been then committed in this new movement, were foreign to it. They have been contented to borrow to poets French symbolists themes, images, a terminology and rhetoric, as well as the musicality of words, without truly feeling in them an authentic symbolic inspiration. Despite these insufficiencies, Korean poetry entered, with the French symbolism, in a new phase that was the basis of its modernization
Michotte-Cerol, Léone. "La mémoire de l'Afrique dans la société et la littérature guyanaises : réalités et mythes dans la génèse d'une culture." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120068.
Full textFrench guyanas is a part of south america situated between brazil and suriname. After its discovery in the 15th century is was bitterly disputed by the european nations. Slavery for blacks was then imagined as a mean of developpint it. The white settlers then tired hard toimpose their culture on the slaves. But the memory of black heritage was preserved first by the maroon slaves, those slaves how escaped from the plantations and formed groups, then by the bossales ans the creoles thus creating a synthesis of the two cultures. The survival of this african culture can be found first in our daily pratises, may it be materially or spiritually ; secondly in an oral litterature made up of folk tales and proverbs found in the songs ans in the dances. Furthermore a written litterature which apparead later but which remains quite modest in nature, reactivals this african memory since rene maran. With the negritude movement the african theme was exclusively used in the search for identity. This could be found in the work of leon damas and other writers who succeeded him but is progressively declining. Thus the object of this thesis was to make an attempt at listing what we think remain
Treiber, Nicolas. "Les structures de la déception : récits de migration et expériences colonisées dans la littérature africaine d'expression française (1953-1961)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0074.
Full textThe travels of African students in a colonial situation are a recurring subject in Frenchspeaking African literature of the 1950s. At the time of de-colonial, political and ideological struggles, some writers such as Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Camara Laye or Aké Loba have put the experience of cultural colonization at the heart of their literary work. Their writings, aboutthe study trips of the main characters to France, are based on a spatial and existential isotopy: a dead-end migration, based on many betrayed promises, dreams with broken perspectives, experiences of deathly dereliction. The study of the literary device of the progressive disenchantment of these characters – African, colonized students – allows to shed light on thesubjectivation process that shapes their barred horizons. Indeed, the ideological deceit of the colonial endeavor hides a movement of existential capture that grabs the character and makes them subjects of domination. Since the turning point of political independencies, the literary outlook on those failed adventures keeps interrogating our present times. These beings, stretched between spaces and universes of opposed values, question the negotiation of postcolonial identities. As if, by entering the mold of the colonized character, by going to meet its mechanisms and models, we had an appointment with the modern-day shapes of their globalized development
Maconi, Lara. ""Je est un autre": la littérature tibétaine d'expression chinoise : entre questions identitaires, débats linguistiques et négociations culturelles." Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0001.
Full textThe Chinese occupation of Tibet in 1951 affected the traditional social context in a way that the Land of Snow had never experienced before. The implementation of Maoist organizational structures in Tibet had a deep influence on literary production in both form and content. These brought about a profound transformation of traditional views on literature itself. Literature left the monasteries and was henceforth dedicated to the celebration of Maoist triumphs following the principles of socialist realism and revolutionary romanticism. From a linguistic viewpoint, writing in Tibetan was not abandoned, and yet a new generation of sino-educated Tibetans began to write in Chinese. From the 1950s onwards, tibetophone literature and sinophone literature - written by Tibetans - have developed in parallel, within the same social context, thus representing continuity within tradition yet expressing, at the same time, a major cultural disjunction. How were sinophone (post-)Maoist literary structures implemented in Tibet? What exactly are these structures? Who are those sinophone Tibetan literary agents? What is their agency and their agenda? To what extent are they active - not only reactive - within the Chinese cultural establishment? What is the subject of discussion in the main debates concerning Chinese-written Tibetan literature? What new literary perspectives are emerging from the Net? This thesis questions the specificities of Sino-Tibetan literature and its transcultural dynamics in order to assess the complex and cross-border nature of such writing in the context of the PRC today
Boizette, Pierre. "Décolonisation des subjectivités et renaissance africaine : critique et réforme de la modernité chez Scholastique Mukasonga, Ngugi wa Thiong’o et Valentin-Yves Mudimbe." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100032/document.
Full textThe institutionalization of postcolonial studies and the recent development of decolonial studies have highlighted the recognition that intellectuals from former colonized territories enjoy today. Among them, Ngugi wa Thiong'o and Valentin-Yves Mudimbe are respected figures whose writings, both theoretical and fictional, seek to resolve the crises generated by the colonial experience. Aware that this did not end with the wave of independence, they kept alive in their works the utopian desire, that of conceiving a new world where relations between peoples and individuals would be renegotiated, despite the disappointments of the postcolonial regimes. However, the 1994 genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda could well have symbolized the failure of their epistemic detachment efforts with Western modernity. This consisted in the repetition, on the African continent, of a crime similar to the one that had pushed many intellectuals to want to break with the order of which the Shoah was the consequence. On the contrary, Scholastique Mukasonga's texts bear witness to the repetition of the imperative formulated by Ngugi wa Thiong'o and Valentin-Yves Mudimbe, namely the need to achieve a decolonization of subjectivities to initiate an African renaissance. The study of each of their trajectories aims to show the complementarity of these two processes in their works which, separately, open the way to multiple possible futures for humanity
Józan, Ildikó. "Les poètes hongrois du début de XXe siècle, traducteurs des symbolistes français : esquisse d'une théorie de la traduction." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030051.
Full textIn the beginning of the 20th century the translation of foreign (western) literature played an important role in the modernisation of Hungarian literature. The renewal of Hungarian literature and the formation of modernist poetry occours in the works and translations of Mihály Babits, Dezső Kosztolányi, Árpád Tóth and Lőrinc Szabó, who are important translators and authors of the review Nyugat (The West). Following their translations and theory of it, literary historians of the second part of the 20th century emphasized two categories, namely fidelity and equivalence when studying translation as creative method, or interpreting and reading translated texts. The main focus of my research is to examine this translation interpretative discourse historically and theoretically. I examined thoroughly to what extent followed the translation theoretical thinking of Nyugat the tradition of earlier periods. Looking for new theoretical frames for translation interpretation, I studied the possible role of intertextuality and the fiction theories in the interpretation of translated texts. I applied and challenged my theoretical claims in interpreting Endre Ady's translations of the poems of Baudelaire
Sorin, Cécile. "Assimilation du cinéma de genre hollywoodien en France et en Italie après 1945 : étude appliquée au western et au film noir." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081883.
Full textCadin, Anne. "Le moment américain du roman français (1945-1950)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040036.
Full textFrom 1945 to 1950, the American Novel promulgates his presence on the French literary scenery and appears as a model beyond compare to renew the French novel. Our thesis is dedicated to this American moment of the French novel that opens at the Liberation. The publication of Americanized novels increases and creates a constant interest from the literary critics, sometimes enthusiast, sometimes outraged by the consequences of this “new-blood” injection in the French novel’s veins. “Legitimate” novelists, such as Sartre, Des Forêts, Vailland, are actually as attracted by this miraculous resource as the detective novel writers, such as Simenon, Malet, Meckert, who are the first willing to benefit from the hard boiled success. Simultaneously, two different ways to seize the American substance are appearing: the “serious” novelists embrace it briefly, but go from fascination to disappointment; as to the detective novel writers, they transform a sheer imitation reflex into fertile assimilation. Yet, all those novels have not often been studied. Our work is aiming to expose this American path, taken by a vast panel of French novelists, in an even more so profitable manner since they used the American material as a starting point, an experimentation opportunity, but also as a way to assert their own fictional identity. By reexamining the French novel’s debt towards the one from across the Atlantic, we hope to confer all its significance to this dazzling American moment that establishes the transition between the changes made by the avant gardes in the twenties and the ones undertaken by the New Novelists
Mete-Yuva, Esengül. "La présence française dans les débuts de la modernité littéraire turque." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082138.
Full textThis thesis aims at showing the presence of a French model in the birth of a modern Turkish literature. First limited to determined contacts, then to more prolonged but only technical exchanges, the relationship between France and the Ottoman Empire extends to the cultural level with Sinasi as avant-garde. It opens in the Empire a period of questionning and doubt about the identity. For the first generation of Tanzimat the influence is thought to be only instrumental; France remains "other". French influence in literature consists in numerous and often didactic translations and adaptations from French, in the work of Ahmet Mithat, but also in introducing new forms such as the novel or theatre, as by Namik Kemal. For the next generation of New Literature, united with the magazine Servet-i Fünun, French literature becomes a source for the own creation: Halit Ziya, who intends to write realist novels (Mai ve Siyah, Ask-i memnu) and Tevfik Fikret, as a "modern" poet, totally abandon the old forms. In the novels of Halit Ziya on the one side we can feel the grammatical and syntaxical influence of French on the Turkish language; he takes novels of Flaubert or Goncourt as a model for its style. We discovered that Tevfik Fikret, in Rübab-i Sikeste, was under the influence not only of Coppée, but also of Hugo, Baudelaire, Musset, but creates an original work of art
Laurent, Sébastien-Yves. "Daniel Halévy (1872-1962) : une écriture entre littérature et politique : du libéralisme au traditionalisme." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0002.
Full textDevergnas, Annie. "Le monde animal, végétal et minéral dans l'imaginaire des écrivains marocains de langue française." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20040.
Full text@In this study, my aim was to find out wether the Moroccan literature in French, in its whole, refers to a specific imaginary animal, vegetal and mineral world. My first part points out a prolific use of quotations, reflecting a polycultural heritage : Muslim tradition as well as the influence of French school, the anteislamic poetry and the ancient mythology. The quotations are also noticeable in a great number of clichés. The importance of orality is revealed through quotations of tales, folksongs, and a great number of proverbs and traditional insults throughout the corpus. In a second part I studied the descriptive methods of the writers, concerning landscapes, animals or plants. They sometimes develop in comparisons and in lists whose purpose is to catalogue the natural world. I then analysed the interpersonal relationship linking the writers to nature. Its attractive power is to be seen in friendship, sexuality, dreams, ecological awareness, as well as in stylistic choices. On the other hand, a repulsive power is to be found in the descriptions of a threatening natural world, while the characters become aggressive towards nature ; nightmares, visions of horror and death also belong to this negative aspect of relationships. Finally I studied the immanence of supernatural forces and the sacred in this literature, which appears through superstitions, sacrificial scenes, sacred trees, the myths of Mother Earth, as well as in exemples of identification between man and nature and anthropomorphism. It seems to me that the very Moroccan culture reveals itself through the imaginary animal, vegetal and mineral world of its writers. It is worth noticing that those who best illustrate this study are mainly the best known of them
Ndong, Ndong Yannick Martial. "Les écritures africaines de soi : 1950-2010 : du postcolonial au postracial ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC004/document.
Full textWe can identify a long autobiographical practice in Africa, if we go back to the Confessions of St. Augustine, and selfwriting has moreover developed in African languages, in pre-colonial and colonial times. At the initiative of anthropologists and Africanists, the first African autobiographies (often written by teachers or students) were collected, while autobiographical writing simultaneously emerged in the French African novel. With the anti-colonial struggle, memoirs were written by leading African politicians, which emphasized the reflexive dimension of African selfwritings. In the postcolonial era, autobiography tends to become more intellectual, oscillating between autobiographical and self-analytic projects. Through a predominantly french-and english speaking corpus, consisting of authors as diverse as Wole Soyinka, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Joseph Emmanuel Nana Appiah, William E. B. Du Bois, Léopold-Sédar Senghor, Lamine Gueye, Amadou Hampâté Bâ, Valentin Yves Mudimbe, Achille Mbembe, Célestin Monga, Barack Obama, Paulin Hountondji or Rasna Warah, our dissertation traces back the mutations of African selfwriting, from the colonial times to the post-colonial era, emphasizing the dialogues established between African authors and French Africanist thinkers, for whom autobiography was much more than a life story. In these literary historical and sociological perspectives, we borrow from Jerome Meizoz his notion of “posture” to study the esthetical, political and literary positions, of various writers and thinkers in African and Western literary fields. We also highlight how self-reflexivity occurs by confronting African self writings to some intellectual autobiographies produced by African-American thinkers and writers. This comparison allows a reflection on the "postcolonial posture" of our authors, and leads to a new problem : the post-racial project that runs through the racialist interpretations of history and identity that characterized many African ideologies such as Pan-Africanism and negritude. Ultimately relying on the idea of "postblackness" now in vogue in the United States, we strive to show that the postracial remains nevertheless a horizon more than a reality of African writings itself, the mid-twentieth century to the twenty-first century
Ducournau, Claire. "Écrire, lire, élire l'Afrique : les mécanismes de réception et de consécration d'écrivains contemporains originaires de pays francophones d'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0015.
Full textAt the crossroads of the sociology of culture and postcolonial studies, this dissertation explores the mechanisms by which contemporary writers from Francophone countries of sub-Saharan Africa attain literary recognition. The empirical material comprises archives, interviews with writers, publishers, and cultural agents; ethnographic observations of cultural events; and a statistical survey of 404 writers who were socialized in this part of the world, and who were active between 1983 and 2008. Their legitimation follows two waves: the first occurs in the early eighties and the second in the mid-nineties. The increase in the number of publications, the importance of the novel in the hierarchy of literary genres, and the evolution of the publishing industry combine to structure an African literary space. Its stake is the legitimate definition of the African writer, related to the nature of the writer’s relationship to Africa. The authors located in this space are socially elite and often mobile. From the eighties onwards, the number of new female writers has increased steadily; writers are more professionalized and more often settled outside Africa. Publishers in Paris have played a decisive role in a book market partly dissociated from the markets prevailing in African countries. The analysis of these global evolutions is complemented by case studies: the controversy surrounding the manifesto “Toward a World Literature in French” seen as a collective mobilization; the representation of colonization in the texts of Amadou Hampâté Bâ and Ahmadou Kourouma; and letters from readers
Nzondo, Léonard. "La poétique romanesque de Michel Rio : essai sur l'oeuvre romanesque de Michel Rio." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20014.
Full textFar to the fashions and the main trends, the Michel Rio's romanesque work takes place among literature and philosophy, art and science. This doctoral thesis gives the means to achieve an open reading of this work, careful to its theorical stokes and its topics (art, eroticism, dandysm, melancholy, death). Overstepping the field of literature, working about interdisciplinary approaches, Michel Rio's romance rexamine a founding dream of literature. Michel Rio's work also reconsider the arthurian legend through the rewriting of Merlin, Morgan and Arthur's Myth. This appropriation bring forward Arthur's legend in the history. It transposes the legend in the Brittany of the IVth and the Vth century and not the XII one, as usual in literary tradition. This free analysis givens an new poetic dimension to the legend
Griboul, Françoise. "José Agustin et la contre-culture mexicaine (1964-1978)." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30071.
Full textThis thesis presents an analysis of the Mexican author José Agustín's counter-cultural works -novels, theatre plays and short-stories- as well as their social, political, musical and literary background from 1964 to 1978. It aims at understanding how the rupture elements in Onda ‘s literature are related to the increasing demand for democracy especially among the young. This work underlines the importance of rock music in Agustin's literature and the creation of a new literary language influenced by colloquialism and English
Krebs, Pierre. "Valéry et Wagner : mesure de la proximité." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120067.
Full textValery was strongly fascinated by wagner's work. A reader of his "cahiers" would recognize the influence of the german composer and "master" prevailing in fields which extend far beyond the domain of music and meet some of the leading valeryan intellectual and esthetic concerns, such as language, architecture, mathematics and science. In turn, characters such mallarme, a "master" in language, leonard, a "master" in architecture, descartes, a "master" in mathematics and science form some kind of constellation around wagner's world-wide character. The latter also seems to have infleunced the domain of inspiration (for instance, the obvious analogies between the "young parca" and the "walkyrie") as well as those of technics in literacy and composition which appear to be replicas of wagnerian methods, for instance the technics of "leitmotivs" which can be traced in the valeryan theory of "harmonics"
Colas, Catherine. "L'influence française dans l'oeuvre de Walter Hasenclever (1890-1940)." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030001.
Full textArnaldi, Maude. "De l'horizon aux veines du dragon : influence de l'Orient sur le concept d'espace dans les œuvres de Lorand Gaspar et François Cheng." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5018.
Full textThe influence of the orient on our society is obvious today. This influence affects of coursethe litterary landscape, and the tools of analyse of the litterary spae has to be changed. The transformation of such space expres itself in the growing importance of the notion of void , and in the specific treatment of movement, which is the sign of a vital energy that runs through the landscape. The recent notion of horizon, developped by Maurice Merleau-Ponty and used in the litterary field by Michel Collot, is not able anymore to explain and analyze the litterary space of the contemporean works of Lorand Gaspar and François Cheng, which text require , so as to be enlighted, some elements of the chinese geomancy
Sy, Savané Abdoul. "Expérience guinéenne et production romanesque (1970-1987)." Cergy-Pontoise, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CERG0004.
Full textSantini, Sylvano. "La réception pragmatique de Gilles Deleuze dans la théorie littéraire américaine." Thèse, Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17235.
Full textGacoin-Marks, Florence. "Le roman réaliste slovène de l'entre-deux-guerres dans le contexte européen." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040116.
Full textThe first part of the dissertation is concerned with novels following the 19th century realist tradition without any other influence. The first chapter presents two novels, which show a marked influence of Balzac's realism, although the impact of Duma's work is also quite strong. The second chapter is centred upon a naturalistic novel. The third chapter examines the "community novel" which developed under Zola's and Reymont's influence during the 1930's. The second part deals with novels, which move away from he European realist tradition and show other influences. In the first chapter the author discusses the decomposition of naturalist writing. The second chapter analyses the novels which were written under the influence of Knut Hamsun and other ruralist writers. The third chapter deals with the socialist turn which developed especially under the influence of Soviet literature: a generational novel, a proletarian novel, and an attempt at pure socilaist realism
Moncelet, Christian. "L'univers poétique de René Guy Cadou." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF20014.
Full text"poetry as the whole of life" life as a dream" are two phrases of cadou that invite us to explore his poetical universe taking into account his biography, the slant of his soul and his aesthetics. The birth and maturity of a poet who died when young, the destiny of a man who chose to be a provincial, a life injured by trials ans bereavements, love radiating all along on that journey, are as many themes chronologically dealt with in rene guy cadou's life and passion, published by bof in 1975. In the bonds in this world (champ vallon, 1982), the connection of what is written with the spatio-temporal referent is analysed under the notion of "realyricism" and is integrated in the general problematics of interdependence. It is important for cadou to abolish the borders, to live through words the multiple relations between the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms, between the beings, the ego and the others, even between lyricism and humour. The virtue of communication and the fertility of exchange asserts itself as a fundamental value through a set of themas which can be as well spatial (doors, windows) as verbal (the functions of language, the fulfilled dynamics of questions ans answers). An anti-narcissus, cadou incarnates a generous orphism, softy "panic" (cf. Pan) in which the whoman, children and privileged animals are active figures. As a supreme value love demands a quasi mystical transparency. An ever-faithful man, the poet grew up out of his geographical, social and verbal fertilizing soil. He was born of the ordinary people and never stopped testifying to that belonging. The unpublished story poetry and the people shows that cadou was an exemplary conciliator. If he enjoyed populism (in novels or poetry) he also showed he was fond of popular, literary or paraliterary, culture. A member of the rochefort school or by himself, he committed himself in his own way by addressing everybody
Devaux, Patricia. "Le théâtre de la guerre froide en France : 1946-1956." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0029.
Full textChartier, Fabien. "Réception britannique et française du poète indo-anglais Rabindranath Tagore (1912 -1930) : utilisation d'un symbole et genèse d'un mythe." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20051.
Full textTagore's destiny was settled in 1913, when he won the Nobel Prize for Literature for a book of poems transposed from Bengali into English and edited by Yeats. In Britain and in France, which he visited several times, meeting famous writers and giving lectures, he built up a solid reputation. His work aroused an ambivalent reaction of fascination and repulsion, which, after coverage in the media unprecedented for an Asian writer, spread outside elite circles. The division between supporters of Tagore and his opponents arose within a wider ideological rift in which the points at issue were the mysterious, mystical and spiritual East, that was then puzzling many intellectuals; a synthesis of East and West for which Tagore was specifically calling; and colonisation, which was then threatened by Indian nationalists. The opposing reactions that Tagore provoked were less a matter of literature than of ideology and politics, at a peculiar time when mankind was about to become immersed in two world wars and subjected to dictatorships, and when India, led by Gandhi, was fighting for its freedom. From 1912 until 1930, Tagore, the writer, artist and educator, had become a public figure whose words were often distorted, whom people tried to manipulate for political reasons and who might therefore appear inconsistent. Between the symbol and the myth, rationalism and mysticism, the aura of Tagore has to a large extent remained as part of the world's collective memory: still very lively in Bengal, it has ceased to bewitch France, where little effort has been made to revive it
Tao, Hanwei. "Symbolisme et surréalisme français comme défi aux lettres chinoises : le cas de Shanghai et de Taïwan." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030016/document.
Full textSituated in the context of the Franco-Chinese cultural intercourse which happens in the Shanghai of the 20s and the 30s and in the Taiwan of the 50s and the 60s, this study aims to discuss the poetic quest — the quest of metamorphosis — to which some Chinese poets devote themselves by referring to symbolism or surrealism, a quest which takes place against a background of intellectual, ideological, and military conflits. These French literary schools are intimately linked with the fate of these poets at the mercy of the fate of their country. No matter how well they are equipped with symbolist or surrealist wings, they cannot escape from the reality of an age penetrated by politics. The historical and cultural background in question has to do with the frame of reference constituted by the six principal groups of writers reputed for their contributions to Franco-Chinese poetic intercourse : “Society of literary studies”, “Creation”, the school “New Moon”, and the school “Modern” in Shanghai during the 20s and the 30s; “Modern School” and “Genesis” in Taiwan during the 50s and the 60s. They are all involved in politics. It is within this frame of reference that we approach the subject of the reception of symbolism in Shanghai and that of the reception of surrealism in Taiwan on the basis of a textual analysis
Ains, Emilie. "Les métamorphoses d’Eulenspiegel : réécritures d’un (pré)texte médiéval dans la littérature allemande, 1947-1977." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20048.
Full textEulenspiegel is one of the rare literary figures of the 16th century to enjoy until today a significant celebrity in Germany. Why and how does Eulenspiegel remain particularly present in the German literary landscape after 1945? This work concentrates on rewritings of the chapbook Ein kurtzweilig Lesen von Dil Ulenspiegel, the most ancient work in which appears Eulenspiegel. The preliminary study of this collection of pranks shows that, such Janus, it presents two faces: the one promotes the established norms, related to the legal, religious or social order, whereas the other one incites to break these last ones. The ambivalence of the chapbook is due to its comic component and to the absence of a clear demarcation between what is authorized and what is prohibited, between the desirable and the reprehensible. The analysis of the transpositions of the chapbook produced by Bertolt Brecht, Christa and Gerhard Wolf, and Thomas Brasch brings to light the employed processes related to inter- and hypertextuality, such as Gérard Genette defines them. The study of the Ballad of Günther Weisenborn sheds light on the texts of B. Brecht, fed by the exchange between both authors. This play acts as counterpoint to the other rewritings to distinguish the transpositions of the chapbook and the adaptations of the figure. The analyzed rewritings attribute to Eulenspiegel, in different historic contexts, a function of resistance combined with a function of identity. The metamorphoses of Eulenspiegel belong to a comic vein of the German literature which plunges its roots into the medieval prank
Bonnaud, Irène. "Brecht, période américaine." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030007.
Full textKonaté, Diola. "Réflexions poétiques de l'Afrique dans l'oeuvre d'un écrivain ethnologue surréaliste : Michel Leiris." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20048.
Full textThe narrator-poet and ethnographer at the same time-in his literary creations and ther works structures around the theme about africa a theory giving a new dynamic value to the authentic reflections expresin, the spiritual and cultural values and the africa heritage-a theory doubly throun into relief in our study on account of michel leiris' double vocation. According to the ethngrapher all aspects described in his travel book as manners and customs, rites and apparent sources of beliefs, exploitation of magic knouledges and resorts to mythical survivals deserve to be taken into account, for they represent basis from which the africa black explains and integrates his naturel environment but also throngh which be states his attachment to his origins. According to the poet the travel throngh the complex circonvolutions of these irrational wealths, beyond the passion for myths and cultures unknoun of that time, becomes a means of being objective towards the rational logic and to reach a better acquaintance of oneself and the then - a poetic experimentation that he carries on even in his dreams (image of the ethnographe
Guirao, Jean-Marc. "Théorie analytique de la pensée selon Paul Valéry." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU1001.
Full textA WHOLE PROCESS OF THOUGHT ENSUED FROM A STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLE WHICH TOOK THE FORM A WAGER: REGARDING VERBAL AS VERBAL, IMAGES AS IMAGES AND IDEAS AS IDEAS. ITS PARTICULARITY WAS TO ASSOCIATE MENTAL SPECIES TO THEIR GROUPS OF SUBSTITUTIONS, TO FORMALIZE THE VALUE OF EACH SPECIES IN THE CONSCIENCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF THE OTHERS, IN ORDER TO GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF THE IMMANENCE OF THE MECHANISMS AND OPERATIONS OF THE MIND FREED FROM ALL CONSTRAINTS. THIS PROFESSION OF FAITH BECAME PAUL VALEY'S CREDO, TO SUCH PROPORTIONS THAT HE THOUGHT IT COULD ATTEST THE ABSURDITY OF HIS AMBITION WHICH WOULD HAVE CONSISTED IN BRINGING TO COMPLETION WHAT HE REFERRED TO AS THE ANALYTIC THEORIE OF THOUGHT THIS VENTURE COULDN'T BE BROUGHT TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION, FOR LACK OF TIME, AND THE THEORY COULDN'T TAKE SHAPE. THE SUBJECT OF THE RESEARCH WAS AN ATTEMP TO THEORIZE ALL THE PSYCHIC FUNCTIONS, ALL THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS TO THE FUNCTIONINGS OF THOUGHT THE LEGACY WHICH HE LEFT HAPPENS TO BE SCATTERED IN HIS NOTEBOOKS. THE WEB WAS THERE TO BE UNRAVELLED. THE LEADING STRAND : TO CONSIDER AND TO KEEP ONLY THE QUESTIONS WHICH RELATE TO THE OBSERVABLE FUNCTIONING OF THOUGHT IN ORDER TO FIND THE CONDITIONS, THE RELATIONS AND THE POSSIBILITIES OR IMPOSSIBILITIES OF WHAT HE REFERS TO AS THE TOTAL PHENOMENAN AND WHICH PROVES TO BE THE WHOLE OF CONSCIENCE IN FACT, FINDING THE LAWS OF THE GLOBAL REPRESENTATION OF THIS MIXTURE OF STATISTICAL AND FUNCTIONAL WHICH SEEMS TO BE THE PREROGATIVE OF PSYCHIC LIFE, GAVE ITS ORIENTATION TO THE VALERYAN research WHICH THIS THESIS HAS TRIED TO PUT INTO SHAPE AND CONCEPTUALIZE
Kim, Siweon. "Une structure mythique de la poésie de Paul Valéry : la dialectique de l'ascension et de la descente." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030007.
Full textThe poems of Valéry seem to be a site of radical contradictions with fundamental ambiguity which was deeply rooted in his life. He lived in an ontological division between the body and the spitit, féminine and masculine soul and, as such, his poetry is split by antithetical symbolism of the ascension and the descent. On the other hand, the act of writing allowed him to surpass those contradictions and restore his intériour balance. Reflecting over the dialectic of ascension and descent, and with the aide of fundamental antinomy of mythe, we aim to get a comprehensive vision that integrates Valéry's poetical writing, his personal psyche and the universal fantasy of mankind. By mythical structure, we mean the archetype and latent principle that integrated his poetical univers, allowing Valéry a logical model to understand and surpass the contradictions. Our study starts with a reflection on Valéry's poetical view, the most visible and the externalized expression of his mental dialectic. Then, we analyse the deep layer of his psyche by means of the genetic methodology. We'll end up with the analysis on the dynamism of mankind's psche with aide of the mythocritic methodology
Neamtu-Voicu, Andreea-Madalina. "L’impuissance de la puissance : entre l’obstacle et l’opportunité (Trois femmes puissantes et Ladivine de Marie NDiaye)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20011/document.
Full textAt the origin of this research is a taxonomic debate between two different views on the work and the ethnicity of the writer Marie NDiaye. Her Franco-Senegalese descent and skin color have determined some critics to integrate her works within the Francophone black literature, while the novelist lived mainly in Europe and said she was shaped by the Western mentality and culture. Yet in her last two novels, Africa is essential for the diegesis. Our curiosity was aroused by these different positions. To distinguish between the fascination for an exotic location to which the novelist is often associated and an unequivocal belonging to the literary field of Francophone Africa, we conducted a study on three levels. To distinguish between the fascination for an exotic location to which the novelist is often associated and an unequivocal belonging to the literary field of Francophone Africa, we conducted a study on three levels. The starting point was to meet the most important influences that have shaped the works of Marie NDiaye and to find the place of the novels of the corpus in an obvious literary tradition. The second part examines the narrative and descriptive dimensions of Three Strong Women and Ladivine in order to detect signs of miscegenation. The last thread studies the figures of the imaginary and connects the two works with myths and symbols derived from the Greco-Roman antiquity and the Catholicism. At the end of our thesis, we think we have achieved a rigorous work which proves that the literary lineage of Marie NDiaye is on the side of the French literature
Incarnato, Palma. "Medicina e letteratura nella narrativa del secondo novecento." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL001.
Full textThis research has originated from the intention of finding the influence of the “medical paradigm” in the Italian literature of the second half of the twentieth century. Also, we want to retrace the history of Medicine, and see how it influenced both literary texts and several areas in which it dictate as interpretative and cognitive model. Our work consisted of a revisitation of the main medical revolutions with the aim of determining the epistemic ruptures which supplied a model applicable to different domains (ethics, politics, epistemology, literature). Indeed, as stated by Kuhn, the scientific theories that must be considered as “ideas”, as well as the change of all paradigms, engraves not only on the disciplinary area where it occurs, because it involves a transformation of the conceptual system, that is to say, the way by which the world and the humans are perceived. The main epistemic changes which took place – from the birth of pathological anatomy up to the genetics – has identified some strong elements through which several texts were decomposed and analyzed. The theoretical frame allowed to acquire information which allowed to read the “literary cases” faced in the second part of the thesis, constituted by certain works of Primo Levi, Stefano D’Arrigo and Valerio Magrelli, in which we found aspects of the same “paradigm” of knowledge
Derbez, Laëtitia. "Étude comparative entre les œuvres vocales de Luigi Nono des années 1960 et les musiques anciennes." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0131.
Full textIn establishing new basis of writing, a new culture, some composers, far from rejecting their past, want to use it. But this reference to the past is done through far-reaching origins, taking back to early music. Luigi Nono, one of these few, present this idea: to take inspiration from the past, act in the present for the best possible future. It is then crucial for him to set himself in a historic filiation and to institute an additional step in the evolution of the history of music. In his lecture “Text-Music-Singing” given in Darmstadt in 1960, he links some of his works with early music, especially of Middle Ages and Renaissance. Following this parallel inducted by the composer, present work shows the truth about this inspiration of the Ancients (and not a fictive inspiration) by linking five vocal works of Luigi Nono from 1955 to 1960 (Il canto sospeso, La terra e la compagna, Cori di Didone, Sarà dolce tacere and « Ha Venido » Canciones para Silvia) and early music through three processes of composition: pluritextuality, syllabisation and spatialisation, processes taken from the lecture and the writings of the composer. Once these techniques are defined in Luigi Nono’s works, present work will compare traces and notes he wrote in his early music scores and enlighten us on his inspiration of the Ancients
Coly, Alexandre. "La réception de la négritude en Afrique lusophone." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20011/document.
Full textThis thesis studies how Négritude was received in Portuguese-speaking Africa. In order to achieve this, the study addresses the origins of Négritude through the poets and writers of the Harlem Renaissance as well as René Maran’s Batouala. This permits a better discussion of the emergence of the concept of Négritude through Aimé Césaire, Léon Gontran Damas and Léopold Sedar Senghor. The study analyses the ideology of Négritude and the poets’ struggle for the freedom of black peoples and those oppressed by colonialism. Finally, this research examines the impact of the reception of Négritude on the African Lusophone literature of Agostinho Neto, José Craveirinha and Noémia de Sousa. Did it contribute to freeing the colonies of Portuguese-speaking Africa from colonial oppression and to strengthening the quest for identity? This study seeks to show that the humanism of Négritude returns us to a tribute to the human condition and the promise of possibility
Céron, Emmeline. "Goethe, Musil, Svevo, de l'universalisme heureux à l'indétermination malheureuse." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2010.
Full textOn the one hand, the comparison of the Goethean utopias and Weltanschauung with the various modes of expression, in the works of fictions of Robert Musil and Italo Svevo, of the crisis of the European consciousness of the beginning of the XXth century and the meeting, in particular, between the golden age of the "happy" novel of formation that the work of Goethe embodies and the indetermination which characterizes the works of Svevo or Musil, allow to measure the evolution of both the conception of the individual and the process of individuation as well as to sound the nature of the new stakes which accompany the permanence of concerns such as the questions of the Me, the fate and the chance, the morality or the aesthetics. On the other hand, it is a question of observing how the ideals and the mythical fantasies (Faustian temptations, desire for absolute knowledge, ideal community, myth of the primitive androgyne) which already live in the Goethean spirituality find a place in the crepuscular context of the European crisis of the individuality or in the literary representation of a world in decline, without escaping however the lucid and ironic character of the respective styles of Musil and Svevo
Jousni, Stéphane. "James Joyce : un héritage encombrant : Flann O'Brien, John McGahern, John Banville : comment assumer la succession." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20007.
Full text@Creator of an immense work, each of whose opus constituded an artistic revolution, James Joyce (1882-1941) has left to Anglo-Irish writers a formidable legacy. Leaving behind the XIXth century novel, Joyce irrevocably altered the modern literary map. Representing that moment of transition for contemporary sensitivity known as modernity, Joyce's work undeniably was and still is a burden to generations of Irish writers. A comparative study of O'Brien, McGahern and Banville's novels and short stories can lead to a fruitful historical analysis of Joyce's influence on XXth century Irish literature. Each of those three writers has indeed benefited, consciously or inconsciously, from the literary lessons of the " master ", whose heritage, possibly a source of inhibitions, is now possible to measure. Altohgh Flann O'Brien (1911-1966) was hailed as the author of several masterpieces, the general critical reception derided the Joycean undertones of his work, and tended, not undully so, to condemn his work as inferior imitation. As a matter of fact, O'Brien remains as the first Irish metafictionalistalong with Joyce. Less than two generations later, John McGaherrn (1932-)appeared on the Irish literary scene. Undeniably marked by Joyce's early work, whose realistic and symbolical influence can be perceived in most of his short stories and some of his novels, McGahern only reluctantly admits his indebtedness to the author of Dubliners. And despite the poetic originality of his writings, he continues to write as though James Joyce had never existed. As for John Banville (1945-), who seems to have inherited Joyce's sense of experimentation as well as his capacity to recycle the work of his predecessors, he has obviously started to pave the way to new forms of literature -maybe for the first time since Ulysses. With Banville, the Irish literary community may be able to turn over the leaf Joyce wrote nearly a century ago
Latiri, Inès. "Le Poétique et l’Idéologique dans la poésie contemporaine américaine d’origine arabe : étude de « 19 Varieties of Gazelle » de Naomi Shihab Nye, « In the Country of My Dreams » de Elmaz Abinader, « The Captal of solitude » de Gregory Orfalea et « Before our eyes » de Lawrence Joseph." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030001.
Full textWilling to introduce the poetry of 19 Varieties of Gazelle by Naomi Shihab Nye, In the Country of My Dreams by Elmaz Abinader, The Capital of Solitude by Gregory Orfalea et Before Our Eyes by Lawrence Joseph to shed light on the ideological approaches, this thesis emphasizes several directions to synthesize the vision of those American poets, children of Arab immigrants. The very anthologies prefigure those directions. Thus, we suggest to tackle the impact of the father on those who write, the impact of the Arab identity on the relation to the other, whether American or Arab, and on their political and religious ideology
Baazizi, Nabil. "The Problematics of Writing Back to the Imperial Centre : Joseph Conrad, Chinua Achebe, and V. S. Naipaul in Conversation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA073.
Full textIn the wake of decolonization, colonialist narratives have systematically been rewritten from indigenous perspectives. This phenomenon is referred to as “the Empire writes back to the centre” – a trend that asserted itself in late twentieth-century postcolonial criticism. The aim of such acts of writing back is to read colonialist texts in a Barthesian way inside-out or à l’envers, to deconstruct the Orientalist and colonialist dogmas, and eventually create a dialogue where there was only a monologue. Turning the colonial text inside-out and rereading it through the lens of a later code allows the postcolonial text to unlock the closures of its colonial precursor and change it from the inside. Under this critical scholarship, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness (1899) has been a particularly influential text for Chinua Achebe and V. S. Naipaul. Their novels Things Fall Apart (1958) and A Bend in the River (1979) can be seen as a rewriting of Conrad’s novella. However, before examining their different rewriting strategies, it would be fruitful to locate them within the postcolonial tradition of rewriting. While Achebe clearly stands as the leading figure of the movement, the Trinidadian novelist is, in fact, difficult to pigeonhole. Does Naipaul write back to, that is criticize, or does he rewrite, and in a way adopt and justify, imperial ideology? Since not all rewriting involves writing back in terms of anti-colonial critique, Naipaul’s position continues to be explored as the enigmatic in-betweenness and double-edgedness of an “insider” turned “outsider.” Taking cognizance of these different critical perceptions can become a way to effectively highlight Achebe’s “(mis)-reading” and Naipaul’s “(mis)-appropriation” of Conrad, a way to set the framework for the simulated conversation this thesis seeks to create between the three novelists