Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Littérature engagée – Afrique subsaharienne'
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Mohamed, Elemam Elmetwalli Mohamed. "Engagement politique et Imaginaire romanesque chez Ahmadou Kourouma et Rachid Mimouni." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES002.
Full textThis research, which unfolds in three stages, provides a reflection about the ideological, but also aesthetic dimension of postcolonial Francophone literature in sub-Saharan Africa and Maghreb. It aims precisely to show how a political and ideological discourse is linked up with a literary and aesthetic practice in the novels of the Ivorian Ahmadou Kourouma and the Algerian Rachid Mimouni. In the first two parts, we examine the different aspects of the political engagement of these two francophone writers belonging to different geographic, political social and cultural areas. It is precisely a question of staging their convictions and ideological positions expressed in the novels of the corpus about the phenomena of dictatorship, ideological drifts and war violence, which marked in Africa the period going from the first years of independence to the first decade of the 21st century. The last part aims at examining how poetics can provide suitable models for thinking politics at both writers. More precisely, studying the structures of narration at work in the novels of the corpus allows to highlight the aesthetic issues of their politically engaged writing which draws as much from the forms of the European novel as from African oral tradition
Pope, Julie. "Émancipation et création poétique. De la Négritude à l' écriture féminine à l'exemple d'Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sedar Senghor, Ahmadou Kourouma, Calixthe Beyala." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030067.
Full textIn the context of the independences of former French colonies, the poetic impetus of militant authors such as Aimé Césaire, Léopold Sédar Senghor or Léon-Gontran Damas is adamantly linked to the rebuttal of colonialism and to political activism. Intellectuals, writers, and artists strongly condemn European imperialisms. For the “Négritude” poets, poetry stands as the most obvious testimony of political and literary commitment. Their poetic works, relying both on oral practices inherited from Africa and on relatively classic prosodic styles, is the vehicle for political messages and reclaiming of African culture. Subsequently, novel writing in sub-Saharian Africa tackles more and more themes of slavery, colonization, colonial alienation, neo-colonialism, all of this becoming empowering processes. The question is to open on a renewed vision of the world, giving the French language a new creative trace, through the authors’ representation. Therefore, Francophone literature reclaims its singularity. This is especially true with Cameroon and Congo: for instance, Ahmadou Kourouma posits that his literature is malinké. Tchicaya U. Tam’si declares that if the French language is colonizing him, then he colonizes it in turn. The colonized rebellion paradoxically leans on the French colonizer language, while trying to displace and advance it through writing. Francophone literature in sub-Saharian Africa is the place of differences and of “différances”, for it bears the traces of many sociological reflexions, and becomes, through its diversity, a place for creativity, liberty and hybridity. We also witness the rise of political protest novel against dictatures, corruption, civil wars ; for example Ahmadou Kourouma, writing Allah n’est pas obligé, does not bother anymore with the rules of literature but excels in the practice of a “rotten language” to describe an atrocious war. This is a form of creativity similar to the one that give birth to creole, “français petit-nègre”, “camfranglais” and one that African sub-Saharian literature explore. It is in this perspective opened by subversive writing and reading practices that women emancipation in Africa takes place. The case of Calixthe Beyala, among others, illustrates this evolution of the status of women in society, beyond the sexual male/female divide. This process stems from post-colonialism and independentist movements gaining power and focus in the XXth century. Women distinguish themselves thanks to their writing and speech in a public sphere reserved to men. Novels written by sub-Saharian African women carefully describe traditional practices, polygamy, forced marriages. These writers, through their acquired freedom speech, have gained the power to participate in the public debate. This form of emancipation takes hold of a language and an art formerly reserved to men because of traditions. Violence, slang words, obscene or pornographic language are no longer part of a male monopoly on poetic language. This poetic creation is vested differently by women writers, who are therefore able to express themselves
Azarian, Viviane. "Les écritures autobiographiques en Afrique francophone subsaharienne 1926-2000." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030004.
Full textThe importance of collective consciousness in African societies has often been considered as an obstacle to autobiographical writing, yet autobiographical works appeared with the beginnings of literature in French language in black Africa ; where to this day it still occupies an important place. Its production has continued to grow in various and hybrid forms : factual, fictionnal stories, which simulate these narrative forms and autofictionnal stories. This study is divided into four sections. First an historical and sociological approach : the framing of the genre in historical context, the relationship between the individual and society ; then an analysis of the themes treated : authenticity, alienation, identity and otherness ; third a reflection on forms and literary models ; finally a poetical analysis and a reflection on the question of the subject and the relationship between an author and his wrtiting practice
Hounkanrin, Zountangni Yveline. "La littérature engagée de l'Afrique de l'Ouest contemporaine : renouvellements et adaptations interculturelles." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040213.
Full textThe literature of the French-speaking Black Africa was perceived for a long time even theorized like concerning an ordinary literature of engagement because of the history of the continent. This design, in a certain manner, unconsciously harmed the image which one could have of this literature. It is from the Eighties, after the collapse of the Communism, that the concept of literary engagement seems, to be constrained to evolve and to renew itself putting more and more the African writer in a rather uncomfortable situation divided between the desire to remain a political writer, near to his people concerns, and the desire to assert a creative autonomy. Nowadays, if the question of artistic engagement makes debate again, it’s certainly not a question of chance according to the confused and dubious time we must cope with. Indeed, we attend a loss of the reference marks and ideals leading the men of thought (intellectual, writers) to adopt writing projects, i. E. Engagements, different in their work of creation. What are the interrogations that were faced or are still faced to the sub-Saharan committed literature in this universalization era? Thus, our study tries to analyze the evolution of this problematic until the faintness current of the new African writers in French language, confronted with a problem of redefinition contents of literary engagement
Martin, Valérie. "Aspects comparés du roman francophone contemporain : France, Maghreb, Afrique noire." Grenoble 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE39028.
Full textThis thesis is divided in two main parts : the study of novelistic patterns and the problems of writing. The first part deals with biographical elements, proving that the chosen authors, nathalie sarraute, mohammed dib, rachid boudjedra, tierno monenembo and sony labou tansi, all felt a desire to break with their original literary style. The composition of the novels, both internally and externally, has been studied in order to prove how the presentation, the introduction and the dedication create a meaningful whole. The division of text (chapters, intertextual references, typography) has also been analysed in terms of its relevance to the novel. The last section of this first part studies the time and space elements within the novel. The second part of this work is focussed on the difficulties presented by writing. The first chapter deals with character study (classification, psychologie and inter-character relationships) and the second chapter deals with the narrator's status (wheter first or third person, etc. ) finally, the third chapter studies the varied uses of the french language through style and above all the reader's responses to this
Lombale-Bare, Gilbert. "Étude comparative et interculturelle de la littéraure africaine de langue française au sud du Sahara unité littéraire et identités régionales." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040121.
Full textThis study is an attempt to experiment with the classification of Sub-Saharan African literature in the light of “cultural areas”, a perspective which was first applied at the international conference “Aires Culturelles et Création Littéraire en Afrique” organised by the UNESCO. From this point of view, Equatorial Africa, which is an area of Bantu culture, and West Africa, which is an area of Sudano-Sahelian culture, make up two distinct frames of reference, even though they are considered as a homogeneous literary group by literary criticism. In the first part several methodological questions are tackled—the main current trends of African literary criticism are based on the historic approach related to the colonial context and the period of independence. They all bear a common trait: the monolithic vision of literary facts. To the global eye, unity appears as something obvious. Problems arising from national literatures, which are supposed to reflect diversity and plurality, conform to the colonial partition of Africa, which has given birth to the balkanisation of this continent. A classification by linguistic areas has emerged from the partitioning of Africa in regions of European influence. An intercultural comparison stands out as a new perspective, which has the advantage of considering African literature as a two-fold entity of unity and diversity. The question that the second part tries to answer is: what does the African literary unity consist of? The cross-section study of two themes: the impact of Black-African spiritual memory on writing and the representation of modern political power are supported by facts which make unity to be perceived as objective. The primitive spirituality that has traditionally justified the African look on the world is an amazing source of spiritual imagery which pervades literature by means of a variety of forms, genres and techniques. This spirituality coexists with the rational discourse in a relation of interference. In the third part, the analysis focuses on the “literary conscience” of literary works—this notion implies both the conscience of a common African identity and, at the same time, the Bantu tribal conscience, for the works of writers coming from Equatorial Africa, and the Sudano-Sahelian tribal conscience, for the works of writers coming from West Africa. Some differences between an “equato-Bantu”-inspired literature and a Sahelian-inspired literature, both with their own characteristics, are then unveiled through a myriad of centres of interest in an internal coherence which justifies literary regional specificities
Moji, Polo Belina. "Réimaginer la nation : nationalisme africain, engagement sociopolitique et autoreprésentation chez les romancières subsahariennes." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030130/document.
Full textNationalism in sub-Saharan Africa « imagines » a homogenous national identity embedded in the mythology of African uniqueness, which represents the woman symbol of cultural roots (the “Mother Africa “trope). This study analyses how the sub-Saharan female novelist (the woman as a mute, extra-historical and apolitical object of culture) appropriates African nationalism (re-imagines the nation) to define a new identity for African womanhood. The study tests the hypothesis that a marginal subject reveals itself in “border location” according to its similarity or difference to dominant subjects. It analyses political nationality (citizenship), cultural nationality (Africanness), and their interaction within the representation of female national identity. And They Didn’t Die and Nehanda evoke liberation movements in South Africa and Zimbabwe to recontextualise women’s cultural affiliation (the woman “pot of culture)” between tradition and modernity. Matins de couvre-feu and L’Ex-père de la nation depict the post-independence disillusionment of Senegal and the Ivory Coast to subvert the dichotomy of public and private spheres which construct a male centred State (the “Father of the Nation”) and the woman-centred “domestic” sphere. Finally, Destination Biafra highlights ethnic nationalism in Nigeria to illustrate the problematic of the intertwining of cultural and political nationalities resulting from the paradoxical construction of the African nation-state: A State (a geo-political space) defined by modern borders and a supranational nation (“imagined community”) delimited by the symbolic borders of a pre-colonial culture
Sevrain, Emilie. "Des pensées politiques subversives aux conduites révolutionnaires : les personnages feminins dans les littératures francophones de l'Afrique subsaharienne : (1975 à 2005)." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131009.
Full textFurther to the violent colonial conquests and the postcolonial civil wars, many writers, men and women, applied themselves to depict contemporary Africa's political and cultural upheavals. Female figures emerge from these struggles of power and the underlying resistance movements. Holding political sponsibilities or commited in revolutionary missions, they scope of African societies’tendancies to corruption and despotism through subversive speeches and/or protesting reactions. Based on recent texts published between 1975 and 2005, this dissertation proposes to highlight the rhetorical and stylistic processes at work in the development of a women’s political imaginary. Following an interdisciplinary methodology, we will try to determine the cultural and ideological issues of these constant features and/or poetic innovations in the rewriting, modelling or subversion processes of African struggles’memory
Rémond, Françoise. "De la Black Consciousness à la Nouvelle Afrique du Sud : enjeux d'une poésie engagée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0060/document.
Full textFrom 1948 to 1992, the apartheid system in South Africa aimed at systematically denying or even destroying the black population's speech. As a parameter of any oppressive system, the denial of speech was violently and ruthlessly enforced through an institutionalised racist system based on the exploitation of the black population. A resistance movement, therefore, took shape in political movements, unions, and arts, among which literature, and fought for decades to rebuild a black identity, to take part into the writing of history and to establish the foundations of a democratic state. During the 1960s and 1970s, poetry became a considerable force of resistance and struggle, whose aim was to create and sustain the collective will to pull down the structures of oppression. The seizure of speech by poets who recycled the techniques of oral literatures allowed the identification of the crucial relationships between poetics and politics. The Black Consciousness movement was thus structured in and by a poetic speech that appropriated language, words and things through a dialogical process. In spite of major political changes, that dynamics continued during South Africa's political transition, and the poetic voices in contemporary South Africa remain a force that is both disruptive and constructive. It is therefore necessary to define and develop tools for the analysis of the Black Consciousness poetry; the works of Frantz Fanon will prove enlightening in the understanding of a poetry which was a practice and an experiment, fighting for a humanistic perspective based on language
Ngodjo, Ngodjo Elian Sedrik. "Pour une sociopoétique de la nouvelle subsaharienne francophone." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0018.
Full textLong confined to the margins of literary history, the short-story genre in French-speaking Africa has often lacked visibility among critics. Between a long-standing latent disinterest and nascent scientific research today, the short-story has for too long been absent in the African literary field. However, this peripheral posture seems inaccurate and incongruous nowadays, when one revisits its historical trajectory, and especially when we consider the interest that some writers take in it. Having achieved its autonomy as a genre, the short-story can no longer be considered a « premature novel », an « illegitimate genre » etc. This obsolete and old-fashioned vision is here reassessed, and allows, somehow, to direct the critical gaze (on its forms, its favorite themes ...), towards a more objective conception, built from the latest developments of the genre. Like the other narrative forms, and perhaps even more elaborately, the short story, in the French-speaking world, addresses the authors’ social experiences, summarizes their vision of the world and shows the process of its evolution in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is the overwhelming evidence of the observed and experienced reality of the short-story writer in a given time period in the history of his society. The short-story genre takes on the task of bringing to light, with a touch of realism, the worries and phenomena behind the dislocations and transformations of African societies. Based on new social representations taking place in Africa, it bears witness to a transformed Africa, stubbornly oriented towards fundamentally modern structures. For this reason, this genre tends to claim a new perspective, based on a debate devoid of any bias which has impacted it so far
Bodo, Cyprien Bidy. "Le picaresque dans le roman africain subsaharien d'expression française." Limoges, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIMO2005.
Full textPandi, Joseph. "La découverte de l'art negro-africain : contribution d'un homme de lettres, Blaise Cendrars." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10023.
Full textBaldé, Cissé Mariama. "Le dictateur d'Afrique noire dans la littérature et le cinéma francophones : une analyse des représentations." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082818.
Full textBetween Borom Sarret, a film by Sembene Ousmane released in 1963, and Allah Is not Obliged, a novel by Ahmadou Kourouma published in 2000, one can see portrayed, through francophone literature and films, a good number of black African dictators. Those portraits reveal a multifaceted character in a tragic atmosphere. The African tyrant is portrayed as a hybrid character. Torn between tradition and modernity, between Africa and the Western World, the human and the animal, he uses those paradoxical features to build up an absolute power borrowed from the African king and the colonial master. This power enables him to transform the state in the image of his desires and the political space into a drama stage. Wearing a god-like mask, he acts and has others act in a senseless play. The representations of the African autocratic character show a twofold tragic situation. They make us see how a narcissist and megalomaniac dictator tramples down his people to satisfy his own ambition. They also throw light on the tragic nature of the dictator himself who, finding refuge in a seemingly eternal illusionary playhouse, sees himself drawn forth to a reality that reminds him of his true human condition. This sight uncovers the absurdity of a world created by this despotic regime and the pathetic as well as comical character symbolizing the tyrant of the black continent. The African dictator’s representations appear, in francophone literature and cinema, as cathartic signposts. While they express the nightmarish trajectory of African dictatorships, they generate a laughter that overrides tears coming from this sense of tragic and contribute somehow to the birth of an Africa ridden of the absolute power hydra
Emtcheu, André. "Processus, types et rôles psycho-sociaux dans la littérature d'Afrique Noire." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100072.
Full textAlla, Koffi Jean. "Les représentations de la société traditionnelle de l'Afrique Noire : du roman colonial au roman contemporain africain." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082195.
Full textGnangui, Judicaël. "Statut et dynamique du personnage de l'orphelin dans le roman francophone d'Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968888.
Full textAlmeida, Amakoe d'. "Le référentiel dans la littérature pour enfants en Afrique noire francophone 1990-2000." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040021.
Full textOur research can be divided into three parts whose common purpose is to define the weight of liteature for children as a whole, and especially of african child literature. The opening part called "Analytical approach to literature for children "sets out to show the beginnings of that particular litérature, through a diachronic analysis. Such a literature has its roots rased in oral sources (folhlore), identification criteria with the problems thus raised regarding literature and finally the present dimension of this literature in back french-speaking Africa. The second part has been devoted to the theme of the referential which had led us to demonstrate the philosophy which lies under the writing of these texts. Thus in the third part we have been induced to state that, along with the different aspects of the referential, books actually open out on to the blackafricanworld. Those are real spaces of initiation the African young reader will enter so as to get a better understanding of the world around him and in order to achieve his integration
Sibaling, Lucas. "Sculptographie et littérature africaines fonctionnelles : étude de quelques exemples de correspondances entre le masque camerounais et le héros romanesque et dramatique négro-africain." Bordeaux 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR30061.
Full textThis thesis aims at proving two main things ; firstly : there are many common points between sculptural and literary works produced by negro-africain artists. Secondly, sculptural and literary negro-african works are fundamentally functional as far as colonial and freedom (in africa) periods are concerned. They have four functions : function of realism, satirical function, functional "gigantism", observed on many characters both in african sculpture and literature and finally fundamental usefulness of the works. Even a esthetic aspcts are functional in those works. In conclusion : there is no place for the nineteenth century french : "l'art pour l'art" concept in these works
Mimanda, Jean-Hilaire. "La vision de l'Afrique noire dans la littérature coloniale et romanesque (1900-1950)." Montpellier 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON30025.
Full textTwo various visions from 1900 to 1945. Vision of the traveller and the conqueror. - abounds in stereotypes : wild nature, savage man (black, under-developed) - having another soul, superstitions, illogical. . . - vision of the colonizer willing to valorize : the use of the colour man "bete de somme" (hard work) despite their inabilities (ills, weakness, laziness) and the valorization of the ground despite its handicaps. Thus the black french africa a country of all dangers for the travellers, becomes an eldorado for the administrators fond of statistics. - since 1945, a decolonization of mythe has been put in practice. Works of blacks (senghor), of intellectuals (african presence and marcel criaule) and in a way of the political class (the meeting of brazzaville) (creation of the french union). Yet, the strereotypes lead a hard life, and the mythes go on existing despite this wake up of the black consciousness and this evolution of the metropolitan vision
Soubias, Pierre. "Ecrire la langue de l'autre. Etude sur le roman negro-africain d'expression francaise." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20003.
Full textThe socio-linguistic conditions of black africa are summarized together with the ideological positions connected with linguistic problems. This background is used with a view to defining the concrete problems posed in the use of french in the african novel. The corpus is composed of five works : une vie de boy by ferdinand oyono, les bouts de bois de dieu by sembene ousmane, les soleils des independances by ahmadou kourouma, le pleurer-rire by henri lopes and les sept solitudes de lorsa lopez by sony labou tansi. The aim of the study is to take account of the way the french language is treated in each novel. Analyses based on a structural linguistic approach demonstrate various ways in which african languages are present in the french text, underlining stylistic effects and particular narratological choices. Thematic studies also help to bring into relief the various representations of the languages in the diegesis. Finally, the argument is widened to include the psychological and institutionnal implications of writing in french, as the quest for identity and linguistic choices are often linked in modern literature
Mbonde, Mouangue Auguste. "L'épopée duala de Jeki la Njambe' A Inono : textes et contexte." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040113.
Full textMezui, M'Okane Faustin. "La représentation du sacré et du pouvoir chez Ahmadou Kourouma." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30031.
Full textThe problem of political power id obsessing in African literature of French expression. Born from the colonial fact and in reaction against that system, literary production ceased forever, to express with regard to the powers a particularly acute sensitiveness. In Ahmadou Kourouma's novel, two categories of authority appear simultaneously : the traditional and the modern one. The traditional powers draw their ligitimacy from the "mythical contract", connecting the king to the founding ancestors. Because of this social contract, the chief exerts a quite relative authority where the despotism is quasi absent. Modern powers thus operate in a selective way in the African cultural substrate, retaining practices, speeches and knowledge considered to be, legitimate in other times, they bring them up to date. By using values, modern chiefs have a claim with the divinity. However, the bases of this ambition are called into question by the extreme violence characterizing their exercise of power. To characterize the "national disenchantment", the writer draws from the Malinke repertory the vitality of his speech. And for this reason his writing resembles the oratory aptitude of Mandingue chanters
Kasse, Maguèye. "Les relations culturelles entre la RFA et l'Afrique subsaharienne (1949-1980) : leur place dans la politique extérieure de la République fédérale." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080915.
Full textThe federal germany's foreign policy as applied to developing countries and specifically to the countries of sub-saharan africa gives no special place to cultural relations as such. Whether it is expressed in the general framework of development aid, or in that of training aid, "cultural aid for self-help" and its many guises, the record is generally unsatisfactory and necessitates repeated attempts at conceptualisation. Although this conceptualisation integrates various aspects of a shared demand for a new and more just world economic order, it nevertheless shows the limitations inherent in the very nature of cultural relations
Nyingone, Léa. "Interlangue et radicalisation du discours féminin francophone d’Afrique septentrionale et d’Afrique subsaharienne : cas : Assia Djebar, Aminata Sow Fall, Calicthe Beyala et Nedjma." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0393.
Full textThe present study aims at analyzing the female speech in the texts of Assia Dejbar, Calixthe Beyala, Aminata Sow Fall and Nedjma. The title of the research accounts for two major concepts: interlanguage and radicalization. We base our reflection on three main bets, the first one, defines the interlanguage and questions the existence or not of objectives common to its use by women novelists. The second part, analyzes through new theoretical and critical approaches on language, novels Nowhere in my father's house, Naked woman, black woman, The strike of the battu and the almond. The third part deals with the notion of radicalization by emphasizing the language of the body, reflected in the whole of writing. The reading of the literary texts allowed to divide them into two categories. On the one hand, there are novels that lash and fight by means of a modest and reserved language, and, on the other hand, those who denounce and affirm themselves, through an extremely transgressive and violent language
Massolou, Ida Sandrine. "Le rôle de la couleur de la peau dans le roman contemporain antillais et d'Afrique noire subsaharienne francophone." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0063/document.
Full textThe contact with the Other, so called because of its cultural, skin color or phenotype difference, has generated a deep upheaval into the sociocultural structures and affected territories by the slave and colonial systems. Nowadays, the new generation natives of those territories are facing transformations that we are investigating in order to bring out the colonial survivals and the new sociological phenomena described by the contemporary French-speaking authors. The subjects analyzed by the latter in their works are expressing interactions based on ideological, racial, physical, cultural differences and/or similarities, in the three geographical areas: the Antilles (Martinique, Guadeloupe), Africa (black and French-speaking sub-Saharan) and Metropolitan France. The novel becomes then a dissection instrument of the effects of the presence and the domination of Western ideology and culture. Thereby, we discover the different types of relations, White/Black, former slave driver/former slave, former dominant/former dominated, former colonizer/former colonized, from the authors point of view. In a social context dominated by human movements and intercultural exchanges, the crossed looks of the characters focus on the various forms of otherness and identity and on the current problems in relation with race, immigration, exile, racism
Bekale, Nguema Innocent. "Sexualité et littératures subsahariennes : de la poétique de la pudeur à l’esthétique du sexe." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H042.
Full textThe colonial novel has long been the "only approach" apprehending the settlement. Unfortunately, it produced a sexual imaginary about Africa excluding the speech of the colonized. Africa is a place of pleasure, a "sexual Eden", and all the natives have "lust stuck into the body". Curiously, this imagology does not influence African literary works. Rather, Africa and its literatures have been considered as real bashful spaces. For many reasons the African author chooses avoidance strategies. He uses a series of stylistic processes to veil it, to make it seen in the absence or silences. This scriptural reserve dominates francophone literary production in sub-Saharan Africa until the 1960s. During this decade, an iconoclastic generation arises, and breaks with this representation. A more transgressive type of writing appears. Henceforth, the African authors seem to refuse the “indirection”, the roundabouts, and the narrative ellipsis. They are part of what Michel Foucault calls parrhêsia, a speech of truth. Thus, this perspective focuses on the need to say things as they are. This allows the emergence of what we call the sexualiture, which means literature giving the sex an important place. The present study examines, on the one hand, the process of this emancipating written form, linked to feminism; it analyses, on the other hand, the links between a poetic modesty as guarantor of a restrained discourse about sex, and the insolence of an authentic line expressing a legitimate pursuit of freedom
Dossou-Yovo, Noël. "Individu et société dans le roman négro-africain d'expression anglaise de 1939 à 1986." Nancy 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN21023.
Full textThe thesis raises a series of philosophical, sociological, aesthetic & literary questions. It comprises six chapters, the first of which is like a preliminary explanation based on the time-space framework of African literature & highlighting elements of chronology, language, regionality, nationality & tribality. Chapter 2 opens up broad avenues of black Africa’s social history. Chapter 3 deals with purely documentary but also ideological aspects of a corpus covering a minimum of nearly 50 & a maximum of 120-odd titles of African novels written in English. The last 3 chapters are complementary to the first 3, just as form and content in social sciences are one. Chapter 4 therefore deals with forms as well as it accounts for data & conditions whereby the novel adapts itself to negro-African realities. Chapter 5 revisits chapter 4 and places into proper perspective the issue of origins as it relates to the main influences that are brought to bear on the negro-African novel as a result of the 20th century aesthetic revolution, characterized primarily in Europe, but also in Africa, by a shift in the relationship of the individual man to the world towards the achievement of artistic completeness
Malzner, Sonja. "La représentation des africains dans les relations de voyage pluri-médiatiques européennes du début du vingtième siècle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0350.
Full textThe interest of this PhD-thesis originates from the conjunction of two important questions, the first one being that of representation of Africans in literature - and especially in travel literature and in photos. The thesis aims to show that the representation of the "other" is not always as fixed and as clear as one might think. Parting from different theories of the perception of the "other", we aim to show that the representation of the "other" in these illustrated travel books is very often ambiguous. The second is a question of communication and deals with the combined usage of different types of media (text, photographs, drawings, layout, peritexte (Gérard Genette). It originates thus from intermediality. The work aims to clarify the role of these different types of media in respect to the representation of Africans. Does the combination of these different types of media draw a picture of Africans which is different from that depicted in the text or in the image on its own? It is interesting to look at the added value which might be achieved by the combination of these elements. Does the added value arise from newly created dimensions which could not have been achieved by any one form of media on their own?
Ducournau, Claire. "Écrire, lire, élire l'Afrique : les mécanismes de réception et de consécration d'écrivains contemporains originaires de pays francophones d'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0015.
Full textAt the crossroads of the sociology of culture and postcolonial studies, this dissertation explores the mechanisms by which contemporary writers from Francophone countries of sub-Saharan Africa attain literary recognition. The empirical material comprises archives, interviews with writers, publishers, and cultural agents; ethnographic observations of cultural events; and a statistical survey of 404 writers who were socialized in this part of the world, and who were active between 1983 and 2008. Their legitimation follows two waves: the first occurs in the early eighties and the second in the mid-nineties. The increase in the number of publications, the importance of the novel in the hierarchy of literary genres, and the evolution of the publishing industry combine to structure an African literary space. Its stake is the legitimate definition of the African writer, related to the nature of the writer’s relationship to Africa. The authors located in this space are socially elite and often mobile. From the eighties onwards, the number of new female writers has increased steadily; writers are more professionalized and more often settled outside Africa. Publishers in Paris have played a decisive role in a book market partly dissociated from the markets prevailing in African countries. The analysis of these global evolutions is complemented by case studies: the controversy surrounding the manifesto “Toward a World Literature in French” seen as a collective mobilization; the representation of colonization in the texts of Amadou Hampâté Bâ and Ahmadou Kourouma; and letters from readers
Nzamba, Sylvain. "La représentation politique du pouvoir et sa dérive dans l'oeuvre littéraire de Maxime N'Débéka." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30045.
Full textTitle: « The Political Representation of Power and its Drift in Literary Work by Maxime N’Débéka ». This thesis is a monographic study which explores the thematic of political power in six texts by the Congolese writer: Le Président (1982), Les Lendemains qui chantent (1983), Equatorium (1987), Vécus au miroir (1991), Le Diable à la longue queue (2000) et Sel-piment à la braise (2003). After having presented the various analytical categories of the selected “duchetian” socio-critical method, this dissertation highlights a literary analysis of political power by taking into account a certain number of cultural, sociological and psychological factors which in one way or another influence its perception and management within a geographical space and institutional framework representative of Sub-Saharan Africa. By putting forward the typological differences as well as the trajectories borrowed by the “Fathers of independences” and the “Guides of the revolution” in order to ascend to power, this thesis shows how, after officially achieving independence from colonial rule, African political “elites” very often driven by the lure of gain and the appropriation of privileges have set up authoritarian and mind-numbing political regimes which led them to drift
Malanda, Élodie. "La transmission des valeurs dans les romans pour la jeunesse sur l'Afrique subsaharienne (France, Allemagne, 1991-2010). Les pièges de la bonne intention." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA016/document.
Full textFrom travel writing to colonial European novels, Africa has always been used to affirm European values more than to show African realities. What values emerge then from the discourse on sub-Saharan Africa conveyed by the novels for young people published in France and Germany between 1991 – end of the Apartheid – and 2010 – 50th anniversary of the African Independences? How do these novels portray sub-Saharan Africa? And what self-images of Europeans appear through these images of Africa? Many studies insist on the persistence of the colonialist imagination in European cultural productions. This work looks at the extent to which many novels for young people try to distance themselves from the colonial heritage, or to criticize it, and to encourage intercultural understanding between Europeans and Africans and raise awareness of African socio-economic problems. These “good intentions” regularly run into limits and paradoxes. This gives rise to a gap between the values explicitly defended by the texts and those, less praiseworthy, that the texts convey involuntarily. Through a corpus of more than 120 novels for young people about sub-Saharan Africa published in France and Germany, this work identifies the narratological manifestations of this gap and explores ways to reduce it
Angefangen von historischen Reiseberichten bis hin zu den Kolonialromanen steht Afrika in der europäischen Literatur eher als Sinnbild für europäische Werte als für afrikanische Realitäten. Welche Werte wurden zwischen 1991 (dem Ende der Apartheid) und 2010 (dem fünfzigsten Jubiläum der Dekolonisation) im Afrikadiskurs der Kinder- und Jugendromane in Frankreich und Deutschland vermittelt? Welche Afrikabilder überliefern diese Romane? Und vor allem: welches Selbstbildnis der Europäer offenbart sich durch diese Afrikabilder? Viele Studien haben gezeigt, dass der Einfluss des kolonialistischen Erbes in den kulturellen Produktionen Europas immer noch nicht gänzlich verschwunden ist. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass viele der Kinder- und Jugendromane sich einerseits von genau diesem kolonialistischen Erbe distanzieren wollen oder es sogar anprangern, und versuchen damit interkulturelle Arbeit zu leisten. Diese Absicht entwickelt andererseits jedoch häufig ihre eigenen Paradoxe und stößt somit an ihre Grenzen. Das führt zu einer Abweichung zwischen den Werten die explizit, und jenen, die unwillkürlich von den Texten vermittelt werden. Anhand eines Korpus von mehr als 120 Kinder- und Jugendromanen aus Frankreich und Deutschland analysiert diese Arbeit die erzähltheoretischen Merkmale dieser Abweichung und erforscht Möglichkeiten, diese auf narratologischer Ebene zu beheben
Mbouopda, David. "Regards d'écrivains français sur l'Afrique noire dans la deuxième moitié du vingtième siècle : du néocolonialisme à la coopération." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20012.
Full textAt the edge of the XXIst century, the importance of "imagologie" in comparative literature cannot be ever emphasized. In fact the contact between France and Black Africa has been adversative, consecrating the dualistic Black/White as two singular and insurmountable entities. The representation of French writers on Black Africa try to make an appraisal of the last development of this situation on historical, social, cultural, political and economic plan. This brings out, in the second half of the XXth century, two cruel angles : the French look on Africa and that of Africa on the western world. It was based on conciliating, through a comparative study and an alterity block, the reflexion on motion such as : the north/south dialogue, neo-colonialism, sustainable development Franco-African cooperation; and the constitution of a positive knowledge on unpublished narrative space characterising the reception of black Africa in the imagination of the French. But it is a constellation of (various) diverse and current questions asked in varied forms detective, adventure learning, ethnology. And numerous themes, the mugger's wife, the African intelligentsia, the evolution of language and collective blindness
Ndemby, Mamfoumby Pierre. "D'une écriture de la rupture à une relecture de cultures : lire et comprendre les pouvoirs traditionnels dans le roman d'Afrique noire francophone." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002301960204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe aim was to review French discourse from the dawn of the twenty-first century ; more particulary in the following texts : The Initiated, The cry that you make won't awaken nobody, The Festival of Masks, After the silence, In waiting for the vote of the Wild Animals, The sound of Inheritance, The Identity Card and The one and a helf lives. In the end, after considering the question of traditional powers from each and every perspective, it is the problem of identity, in all its facets, which has been dealt with. Seen from this point of view, the (written and spoken) word has been pinpointed as a source of power in consideration of its social and literary aspect. The question of myths and their stylistic effect of their images have allowed us to highlight the way in which all the elements constituting ancient knowledge have been handed down over time. Myths, which, by means of the narrative structure of their texts, have revealed how contemporary literary works, destroyed by contemporary societies, are affected and they contribute also to to the breaking down of traditional orders. Following on from that, there is an attempt to legitimise Frecnh writings by means of the power of words, as writing of rupture. In order to do this, it was necessary to highlight the structural elements which would help us to define French texts on the basis of their linguistic elements. Subsequently, words have been denoted as a force which generates meaning. This semantic self-generation has helped to reveal the instability of certain characters and the apparent loss of authority bt patriarchs such as Rèdiwa or Makaya, charged with the safe-keeping and the transmission of ancient values. The internal conflict found in French black African imaginative works, often linked to the confrontation between tradition and modernity, is also that which has allowed us to read cultural phenomena differently and has led to the challenging of traditional knowledge. Finally, the entire French-speaking world, or at least that which is mentioned in the third part of this work, eventually reveals itself to be, in one way or an other, based almost exactly on the ancients' model. The analysis carried out during this work has shown how the political arena and the traditional axis of power became interdependent. Political figure circulated freely, moving from one area to another in their pursuit of meaning, without the slightest apprehension. This pursuit of meaning or of identity has led political heroes, seeking to flee everyday difficulties, to make us of the ebb and flow of symbolism and politics in order to construct new identities, new beliefs, and in order to construct a new basis for the relationships with the other, with society and with the universe. If the reading about figures of traditional power has been thus effective, it is because this model has become the matrix of French writings. This attachment to values has given the issue of modernity a dual quelity : on the one hand in terms of being a national treatment of the subject liberated from the pitfalls of nature ; and on the other hand, one which is perceived as the establisment of the new tradition. In each of these two cases, French novelists have tried to make their characters and their writting adhere to this vision of things
Konaté, Diola. "Réflexions poétiques de l'Afrique dans l'oeuvre d'un écrivain ethnologue surréaliste : Michel Leiris." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20048.
Full textThe narrator-poet and ethnographer at the same time-in his literary creations and ther works structures around the theme about africa a theory giving a new dynamic value to the authentic reflections expresin, the spiritual and cultural values and the africa heritage-a theory doubly throun into relief in our study on account of michel leiris' double vocation. According to the ethngrapher all aspects described in his travel book as manners and customs, rites and apparent sources of beliefs, exploitation of magic knouledges and resorts to mythical survivals deserve to be taken into account, for they represent basis from which the africa black explains and integrates his naturel environment but also throngh which be states his attachment to his origins. According to the poet the travel throngh the complex circonvolutions of these irrational wealths, beyond the passion for myths and cultures unknoun of that time, becomes a means of being objective towards the rational logic and to reach a better acquaintance of oneself and the then - a poetic experimentation that he carries on even in his dreams (image of the ethnographe
Martinez, Kamir. "Entre violence et resistance : la réinsertion de la femme africaine subsaharienne dans l'histoire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA018/document.
Full textIn relation to the immediate history, contemporary African literature contributes to the denunciation of the violence of postcolonial regimes and civil wars. These new forms of writing are characterized both by the urgency and by the intention to move away from European forms, giving rise to a universalizing writing and the claim of the novel as a work of art. This contribution is proposed, from nine Francophone, Anglophone and Hispanophone novels published between 1990 and 2000, to explore and analyse the reintegration of Sub-Saharan African women in the official archives. Through fictional testimonies inspired by real facts and stories of the private sphere, these authors create a new imagination about African women evolving between violence and resistance. Through an interdisciplinary approach, we will try to identify the images of the woman in these novels, as well as the stylistic and linguistic means in the process of the reinterpretation of the archives and the reintegration of the African Sub-Saharan woman in history
En relación a la historia inmediata, la literatura africana contemporánea contribuye a la denuncia de la violencia de los regímenes poscoloniales y de las guerras civiles. Estas nuevas formas de escritura se caracterizan tanto por la urgencia de escribir como por la intención de alejarse de las formas de expresión europeas, dando lugar a una escritura universal y a la reivindicación de la novela como obra de arte. Esta contribución se propone de explorar y analizar la reintegración de las mujeres africanas subsaharianas a los archivos oficiales, a partir de nueve novelas de expresión francesa, inglesa y española, publicadas entre 1990 y 2000. A través de testimonios ficticios inspirados por hechos reales e historias de la vida privada, estos autores y autoras crean una nueva imagen de las mujeres africanas desenvolviéndose entre la violencia y la resistencia. A través de un enfoque interdisciplinario, intentaremos identificar las imágenes de la mujer en estas novelas, así como el estilo y el lenguaje en el proceso de reinterpretación de los archivos y la reintegración de la mujer africana subsahariana en la historia
Gbouablé, Edwige. "Des écritures de la violence dans les dramaturgies contemporaines d’Afrique noire francophone (1930-2005)." Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199210/fr/.
Full textViolence comes across black african French-speaking theatrical production since its origins. It is prone to thematic and aesthetic changes which makes it evolve from one period to another. We have thus passed from confined theatres of assimilated violence where the form was a constraint to an outburst of writings dealing with violence in contemporary works. Violence appears in the plays of William Ponty (1930) under the form of cultural conflict drawn from African customs. Turned into political violence, it embarks the dramaturgic categories during the Seventies in the confrontation of the colonizer against the colonised. With the theatre of the 1980’s, violence, still political, takes however another form marked by an attempt to disrupt with classical theatrical canons. Associating the burlesque with tragedy, bypassing the French language, establishing a dialogue between tradition and modernity through an endogenous writing are as many realities characterizing the expression of conflicts about disillusionnement. In most of the plays following the1990’s, on the other hand, the conflicts take on a plural image which convenes the world through distinctive modes of expression. It results in a hybrid writing in which violence is voiced out through the dislocation of the dramatic categories and of the meaning that emerges out of it. From this scriptural dynamics of violence arises a displacement of the theatrical stakes in so far as African dramas today get rid of the nationalist inclinations to endorse the world’s realities. Thus the opening of contemporary theatres to the world creates a variety of forms whose complexity calls into question the concept of Africanity
Sène, Jean-Jacques Ngor. "Mythe et rituel dans la production théâtrale de Wole Soyinka ou La matrice d'une conscience sociale toujours en éveil." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20042.
Full textThe @word myth conveys something mysterious and sacred and ritual can be defined as the re-enactment of religious events whose originals are lost in the gloom of time. A committed writer is fully aware of the lyrical power of his art, which is by its very nature a mediium for change. Theater properly responds to the changing pattern of events and to the dynamics of any situation and Wole Soyinka's drama can be seen as the womb of a never-fading social consciousness. The Nigerian dramatist advocates objectivity in literature, the displaying of the other side-the evil side- which, alas, often overtakes human beings. He is deeply rooted in the cosmogony and aesthetics of his people, the Yoruba and also a true disciple of Ogun, the first deity to dare the gulf of transition between the realm of gods and humanity. Soyinka's drama not only aims at the comprehensive world of myth, repetitive history and mores but it also suggests some ways of conquering the effective power of the individual in the actual tragic context of modern Africa social issues. The African artist's mythopoesis calls us to immerse thoroughly within the whirpool of cosmic forces, understand their nature, rescue the combative nature of the will and emerge wiser
Djossou, Agboadannon Koumagnon Alfred. "African women's empowerment : a study in Amma Darko's selected novels." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA3008/document.
Full textThis thesis adresses the question of wether African female novelists have a different view in portraying their female characters ans it investigates on wether their fiction can inspire women'e empowerment. It examines the influence of culture and customs in the selected novels by Amma Darko. Focusing on thse novels of the third generation, the thesis explores mods of memories, trauma and history writing and highlights the way she represents, reaffirms ans re-positions women in her creative writings to empower them in society.It analyses the solutions o issues raised through the novelist's choracters. This thesis finally shows how much Amma Darko' is at the forefront of a committed African litterature written by African women with an ideological point of view
Diarrassouba, Abiba. "La perception et la communication de l'objet valeur : l'oralité dans la prose romanesque de Amadou Koné." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0004/document.
Full textOur research is an analysis that crosses the semiotics of the sensible and the african french-speaking literature. The study by, in fact, epic oral sources to achieve the analysis of the tensive subject by the flow of value.This means that our analysis shows how the values associated with the practices and genres of oral interfere in the processes of communication and perception of values object and inflect their reception and their interpretation.Our thesis assumes that the forms of traditional communications fall within the sensitive. The study attempts to show the perception of the sensitive circulation of value that manifests the traditional orality, taking into account the semiotic - linguistic data, but in a way encompassing and articulated some elements of phenomenology, contributing to the construction of the meaning. The study from an aesthetic renewal that characterizes the African writing as being related to the meaning given by the integration of orality. That is to say that in African fiction prose seizure sensitive proved possible with the literary innovation, indicative and bodily presence able to express the meaning, on three complementary views : i) apprehension of value, through the sensitive around the body, formed by notions of perception , emotion-passions and language understood as “thought process”, ii) on semiotic course the saying to describe states of mood , as if the analysis of the speech act of the subject - speaker raises the affect of the flesh.iii) these emotional states, such as process passionate provisions within the dynamism of a passionate deployment ( disposition modals and tensifs ), which highlights beings. Consequently, these phenomena have passion allowed to reach an argumentative strategy manifested as an integrated passion in african oral culture, as a form of life
Bundu, Malela Buata. "L'Homme pareil aux autres: stratégies et postures identitaires de l'écrivain afro-antillais à Paris, 1920-1960." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210803.
Full textPour ce faire, notre démarche s’articule en deux temps :(1) examiner les conditions de possibilité d’un champ littéraire afro-antillais à Paris (colonisation française et ses effets, configuration d’un champ littéraire pré-institutionnalisé, etc.) ;(2) analyser les processus de consolidation du champ, ainsi que les luttes internes qui opposent deux tendances émergentes représentées d’abord par Senghor et Césaire, ensuite par Beti et Glissant, dont les prises de position littéraires mettent en œuvre des « modèles empiriques » ;ceux-ci régulent et unifient leurs rapports au monde et à l’Afrique.
This study relates to afro-carribean literature in colonial period (1920-1960). We want to examine the strategies of agents like René Maran, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Aimé Césaire, Édouard Glissant and Mongo Beti ;and we want to understand how they invente literary and social identity.
Our approach is structured in two steps: we shall analyse (1) the conditions for an afro-carribean literary field to appear in Paris (french colonialism and its consequences, configuration of literay field.) ;(2) the consolidation of this field and the internal struggles between two tendances represented by Senghor and Césaire, by Glissant and Beti whose literary practice shows the “empirical model” that regularizes and consolidates their relation with the world and Africa.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ngomayé, Esther Solange. "La littérature camerounaise en quête d’autonomie : analyse du rôle de l’association La ronde des poètes." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11078.
Full textOur analysis of the role of the association The Round of Poets in the struggle for the autonomy of the Cameroonian literature was based on the sociological approach of Pierre Bourdieu for whom our society is made up of specific fields fighting against one another to reach a privileged status in the social field, which is an aspect of their autonomy. According to Bourdieu, the study of the autonomy of literary fields should take into account all the actions taken by the agents of a field. Indeed, these actions are all control strategies. Only, according to Jacques Dubois, the autonomy of national literatures is achieved when they have their own institutional apparatus capable by themselves of providing the production and distributing of works, the legitimation and consecration of writers. If African literatures cannot fulfill all these conditions, it remains that they are engaged in a process of struggle for their autonomy. The example of The Round of Poets shows that, this association being our excuse to observe the manifestations of autonomy within the Cameroonian literary field. Control strategies of The Round of Poets are appearance and operating strategies. For the first case, the associative formula that gives more opportunities than could have an isolated author, and also, the choice of poetry as a genre where the production of works does not require large financial resources, have emerged as strategies which allowed the members of The Round of Poets to become writers in an unfavorable production environment. In addition, by their founding documents, they define themselves as a group with an agenda established. Moreover, they draw attention to them by proclaiming avant-garde. To show this, they publish manifestos, and turn away, ideologically speaking, from the poetics of Negritude whose fixation on race dominated the literary creation during decades in Africa. The strategies of appearance of The Round of Poets worked to identify this association as part of the Cameroonian literary field and having its place alongside other components already existing in this field. For the second case which regards operating strategies, The Round of Poets obtained a legal status by registering with the Cameroonian authorities, which action consolidates this group in its social field. On the literary side, its members give it an institutional character by creating instances relating thereto. Their writing workshops provide creative works; their instances of dissemination appear in the form of a weekly newsletter, “The Rondin”, but also as a review, Hiototi: Cameroon Journal of Poetry, Literature and Culture. This review collects articles from literary critics trained in The Round of Poets and of those of Cameroon. The “Prize of the Rondine Poetry” is their instance of internal consecration. Hence, this association has managed to get the recognition of peers which are Cameroonian and foreign poets and writers, as the Cameroonian and international authorities. In short, the combination of these institutional instances shows how the movement towards autonomy of Cameroonian literature in general is real.