Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Littérature française – 19e siècle – Thèmes, motifs'
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Meldolesi, Tommaso. "Le train dans les littératures française et italienne de 1830 à 1930." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040069.
Full textOur study investigates travelling by train and the feelings of people about railways emerging from various literary works written in either French or Italian during a whole century, i. E. Between the beginning of the train era (after 1830) and the time when the train became part of current life (about 1830). .
Durand, Isabelle. "Aspects de la représentation du Moyen Age dans la littérature romantique : domaines français, anglais, allemand." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT3010.
Full textThe romantic period is regarded as the moment of renewed interest for the Middle-Ages, a time the Age of Enlightenment had neglected. This revival can be witnessed in such various fields as history, architecture, musci or literature, which convergence leads us to consider the return to the Middle-Ages as a basic element of rmantic thought. As it is, its presence within new genres that regained favour thanks to rmanticism (the tale, the ballad, the romantic drama, the historic novel) induces us to measure the essential role of the return to the Middle-Ages in the coming out of a new conception of lietrature breaking off with classical rules. These various genres enable to emphasize the image of a largely fantasmatic Middle-Ages period reflecting the romantic expectations and dreams. Its high plasticity also enables it to be emodied in major characters the romantic thought tens to build up into myths (Charlemagne, Louis XI th. , Joan of ARc or Faustus). Containing typical medieval perceptions, they gather the main aesthetic and ideological issues associated with the Middle-Ages. It becomes possible then to put forwards a typology of the various romantic Middle-Ages, underlining the perceptions pertaining to the grotesque aspect of the period, those associating it to the fabulous and the terrifying, and those building it up into a golden age. Yet, difficult to reconcile as they are, these perceptions, seemingly ascribable to a common feature, tend to put forwards the original and the primitive. Thus, the Middle-Ages give birth to a myth, a myth of a primitive time hal-way between history and legend. This mythified past in which romanticism looks both foran an utterly remote otherness and its own identify proves to be a way to escape a devalued present. As a source of new inspiration, the return to medieval past is paradoxically one of the best means of expression of the modernity of the romantic movement
Monneyron, Frédéric. "L'imaginaire androgyne d'Honoré de Balzac à Virginia Woolf." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040261.
Full textThe androgyne can be found in the mythologies of many cultural areas. In the western one, plate uses it as an illustration of his theories of love, then it appears as a major element in Judeo-Christian mystical and theosophical systems. If on the one hand the ethno-religious myth can be easily located and if its patterns are clear, on the other hand it takes time for the literary myth to find its way out. At the beginning of the 19th century, the neo-classical aesthetics, the progress of medical research and the increasing interest in mysticism are chances for the literary myth to develop. In France, during the romantic period, Balzac and Gautier with Seraphita and Mademoiselle de Maupin, in two different ways, found a genuine literary myth. The androgyne becomes in the works of the French and English writers at the end of the century an important character of the decadence. But no perfect symmetry is to be seen anymore and the idea takes form as two opposite characters : the effeminate young man and the boyish woman. This decay of the symbol brings along the expression of a "different" sexuality. Recollection of some of the most significant patterns of the myth is allowed from time thanks to the esoteric tradition of the androgyne which is known by some of the novelists. In the other way, the literary imaginary of the time has strong influence on the doctrin itself. Although psychoanalysis is unable to consider bisexuality but as a hypothesis, the androgyne receives at the beginning of the 20th century a psychological integration. Indeed, the will to androgyny can be read in some of the D. H. Lawrence’s works as an attempt to balance heterosexual and homosexual desires and in the feminist way of V. Woolf's Orlande as the search of the truth beyond immediate appearances. These directions, though close to the patterns of the myth, are nevertheless the witnesses of its death. But they show the strength of the archetype and give way to the rich and diverse imaginary of today
Raventós, Barangé Anna. "L'Image du Bâtard dans la littérature française de transition entre les Lumières et le romantisme." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040067.
Full textVignes, Carine. "Du brouillage à la crise de la représentation : vapeurs, brumes et fumées dans la littérature de la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100043.
Full textVaporous motifs abound in the second half of the nineteenth century. One must study their functions, understand the roles they may have played in the accession of literary language to modernity. First of all, vapour is traditionally closely linked to knowledge ; the undefined is the veil of the infinite and hence integrates into the metaphysical and fantastic codes which indicates the unknown. It also belongs to the literary landscape of a disappointed generation which made melancholy its own "world-weariness" ; mist is a torture or a refuge. Then Zola creates the portrait of a family and a society which end up in smoke to rise from their ashes. But, above all, vaporous motifs partake of an aestheticism of vagueness. Influenced by visual arts, literature becomes descriptive and depicts the metamoprhosis of clouds and mist ; it brings in to light images out of vagueness. The writers of the second half of the nineteenth century also attempt to express what wears away ; representation faces a crisis. The aesthetic evolution of the second half of the nineteenth century leads the portic of vagueness to the treshold of modern art and literature
Baudon, Laurence. "Des enfances meurtries : le personnage d'enfant en Angleterre et en France dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20066.
Full text"Bruised children" call to mind the glance about a new character into novels in the nineteenth century : the character of suffering children in France and in England. This study approachs literary movments (realism, naturalism, popular literature) and sets the child's statuts up according to a double viewpoint : the child in society, the child as a person. Child working, stray child along the roads and into the towns are representations of a new glance of novelists about a social class which was not, until now, approached in fiction : the ordinary people. Social structures and family life allows novelists to write about the personal statut of the child, wether he maintains himself against exploitation, wether he becomes a victim of social or family opression. The study is ending with personality of children who are daring to refuse social or family exploitation, children we'll find again in the fiction of the twentieth century
Diong, Maneume. "Aventures et avatars de la modernité poétique : de Baudelaire , Rimbaud, Mallarmé, Breton et Bonnefoy." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2001.
Full textPreiss, Nathalie. "Les Physiologies en France au 19e siècle : étude littéraire et stylistique." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040287.
Full textIn this study of les physiologies in France in 19th century, the point is, by means of stylistics, to find constants in these studies of manners which invade Paris and France particularly from 1840 to 1845, in order to determine whether les physiologies constitute a literary genre. If the physiologists follow the tradition of La Bruyere's caracteres and of the studies of manners of the 18th century, they can also innovate and using the technique of caricature and of "portrait-charge", insert their texts in actuality. So, in les physiologies appears the history of the events, the ideas, the literature of a period that anybody can experience. This last point induces us to consider the nature of the reading public of les physiologies which is culturally and politically distinguishable. In fact, les physiologies, by their style, are linked to the political newspapers opposed to the July monarchy. But, using the descriptive and classificatory method of zoologists, the physiologists assume a distant position from scientific physiologists and particularly from the social physiologists who want to upset the regime in promoting a unitary view of society. And it is by their fragmentary and fragmented view of reality that les physiologies become a literary genre. So, when in the second part of the 19th century, a more and more unitary view of phenomenon predominate over minds, les physiologies will change and die. It is in this perspective we may question a possible revival today of a genre which is not one
Marin-Porta, Brigitte. "Cosmopolitisme, promiscuités et mélanges dans la littérature de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030048.
Full textAmela, Amelavi Edo. "L'Afrique comme thème poétique dans la littérature française au XIXe siècle : V. Hugo, Nerval, Baudelaire, Rimbaud." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA120002.
Full textSince shakespeare, daniel defoe and aphra behn the african continent and blacks people appear in european literature : africa is the subject of a great number of poetry and fiction's books. This thesis studies the subject of africa in 19th century's french poetry, particularly with v. Hugo, nerval, beaudelaire and rimbaud. Four aspects are analysed : ethic, esoteric, erotic and metaphysical. In conclusion, it seems that racism doesn't appear in 19e century's french poetry
Tison, Guillemette. "L'enfant et l'adolescent dans le roman francais 1876-1890 contribution a une histoire des personnages de roman." Lille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL30013.
Full textThe end of the xixth century saw, in france, a spectacular expansion of the novel/the thesis presented here studies the picture that these novels give of the child, previously neglected in fiction, especially when it was written for adult readers, and defines new patterns of characterization involving a certain number of choices and narrative techniques. These novels embody many stereotypes which express particular social situations but also aim at touching the reader's heart. The period puts a new emphasis on the body, with its activity, its pains, its pleasures. The mental life of the child, too, becomes worthy of interest : inspired by the social sciences, novelists hint at the existence of the unconscious, the child gains in depth and mystery. The social background also helps to define the child character by setting around him limits which he may observe or transgress ; his life is presented as material or moral progress towards maturity. As he is subjected to influences that contribute to his education, the child in novels is confronted with a series of initiation scenes which enable him to discover life and to win his own place in society. A great difference appears among the various types of novel : whereas works for the youthful public and popular stories present a child undergoing little change and easily fitting into society, more demanding novels use the child figure to question established values. The decline, during the period 1876-1890, of a type of hero endowed with every virtue, heralds a psychological and aesthetic crisis which can be seen in contemporary literature and makes a transition to the xxth century novel, where the adolescent figure becomes a vehicle for calling the world into question
Bec, Catherine. "La tragédie à sujet romain, du Brutus de Voltaire à la Lucrèce de Ponsard." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20074.
Full textThe Roman tragedies of XVIIIth and XIXth centuries have only one poor place in the literary studies. The exceptional longevity of the genre, which, since the XVIIth century, combines a fixed form on subjects which draw their inspiration from the same pages of history, seems to give an impression of monotony and wear, to which one conclude too quickly. One must not forget that these tragedies are in the middle of an intense theatrical life, which reflects philosophical and political questions. Closely related to the policy, the tragic theatre becomes a place of debate, then of propaganda, an instrument to celebrate the government or a means of disputation. Receiving various influences, the roman tragedies leave progressively the universe of convention to which modern criticism restricts them, to become more natural : thanks to the actors and dramatists who transformed codes, Rome is really alive on the tragic scene, testifying to the multiple nuances of a genre which hesitated a long time between classicism and romanticism
Andringa, Kim. "L'imaginaire des Pays-Bas dans la littérature française du XIXè siècle." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040231.
Full textThe imagination of the Netherlands comes close to a mythoid aggregate. The corpus transmits a superficial and picturesque imagery, based on tourist, pictorial and historical sources. The tourist conventions reinforce its stereotypical and anachronistic nature. The anachronism is also typical of the images borrowed from paintings of the Dutch school and a few art historians. Realism is most appreciated when poetically tinged, as with Rembrandt who reveals the boundary between dream and reality. History provides the authors with heroic or dramatic episodes, as well as with legends expressing national character and the struggle against the waters. At the dawn of the 20th century, the imagination of the Netherlands becomes more introspective. Societal changes and especially the industrialisation put the place of man in question. We have subjected three groups of images to a symbolical analysis. First, the group of miniaturised dwelling places, that express a unfulfilled desire for intimacy and a refuge out of the time. Then, a group related to the painting as a mirror. These boundary images of an inaccessible space express the same disappointed desire. The sea images express progressive ideas as welle as fear of mechanization at the same time. The illusion of the fantastic and the phantasmagoria make it possible to vanquish the setbacks suffered through the figures of intimacy. Against the industrialisation, against the changes of modern society, as well as against mass tourism, the author will oppose his imaginary experience of the world, and through his description will give a autoreferential image, revealing of his dreams and desires
Piantoni-Marin, Sophie. "Bilans, inventaires, cadres et cycles : la littérature "panoramique" en prose, 1850-1914." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030137.
Full textNeboit-Mombet, Janine. "L'image de la Russie dans le roman français (1859-1900)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20011.
Full textGeorgescu, Corina-Amelia. "Le regard comme signe de la mentalité dans le roman du XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040084.
Full textThe main objective of this dissertation is to analyse the look as a sign of the outlook in the XIXth century French novel. Belonging to more different fields (art, philosophy, psychology, sociology, medicine, literature), the look asks for a special treatment, as it cannot be approached only using the classic literary methods (i. E. The thematic one, the poetic one or the linguistic one), but also taking into account information provided by fields such as psychology or the study of the outlooks. This dissertation points out those characteristics of the look which can be found in all the novels, in spite of their belonging to different literary movements such as romanticism, realism, and naturalism: space, time, characters, limits, contents, form, message, functions and effects. Analysing these characteristics leads us to the conclusion that the look is a unitary phenomenon governed by a precise set of rules established according to the time's usages
Khoriaty, Georges Gebran. "L'Image de la condition féminine dans la littérature française à la fin du XVIe siècle et au début du XVIIe siècle." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO3A004.
Full textRoyé, Jocelyn. "La figure du pédant et le pédantisme de Montaigne à Molière." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100023.
Full textZamaron, Alain. "Représentation des civilisations disparues dans la littérature d'aventures fantastiques de la fin du XIXème siècle et du début du XXème." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10071.
Full textMaimbourg-Vangilve, Sylvie. "L'opacité des signes dans le roman français de 1713 à 1740." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040224.
Full textOpacity of signs turns out to be a way of expression that belongs to an obscure world, a result of failure of the classic model and moral values. The Baroque complexity of intrigues can no longer delight the spirit, now that the heart needs to vibrate, needs words expressing their existential meaning. The novel is seeking for human nature hidden behind the false social mask, and the ancient rhetoric model. A new language is to be invented in order to establish the ideal transparency in between human beings. Reader and figures revolt against the hegemonic presence of the writer, so much that the entreaty comes to conflict and phrases show spaces able to loose face, when new sounds appear. The eyes, better known thanks to scientific discoveries concerning the view, become free and liberated, putting themselves in the middle of sensitivity together with sensations, far more than social code and its instilled values. The character emerges with a huge force far ahead the old certitudes and knowledge. The Novel becomes the written confrontation between the darkness and the light, and shows the way to acceptation of our being here
Robert, Richard. "Utopie et individu au tournant des lumières, 1770-1810." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN1339.
Full textLe, Scanff Yvon. "Le paysage romantique et l'expérience du sublime : littérature, esthétique, métaphysique." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040185.
Full textThe main subject of this doctoral thesis consists in the study of romantic landscapes in relation to the experience of the Sublime in nineteenth century French literature. The sublime landscape originates in an ancient and rhetoric tradition of the scene of horror which by the end of the eighteenth century has evolved into the concept of "Dark Sublime" with the preromantic and romantic rediscovery of certain essential literary and pictorial references influenced by a sensualist interpretation (Burke, Diderot) of the classical sublime arising from Boileau's translation of Longinus ' Treatise on the Sublime. Romanticism will use the sentiment of the sublime to reintroduce an organic conception to nature and the thinking subject in the framework of an objective and subjective idealism which establishes object and subject in an analogical relationship: the sublime is the instrument of this paradoxical harmony since it is revealed through a perpetually wrenching experience of the senses
Lee, San-Ho. "La Grèce antique dans Les Martyrs de Chateaubriand." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081067.
Full textChateaubriand's thorough knowledge of antiquity and the impressions of his travel in the old land of europe are really t he constituent parts of the picture of greece of les "martyrs". This picture remains, in a sense, in line with the classical tradition; chateaubriand has followed close on the heels of the ancients, and found, through them, ideas, literary tricks. Themes and poetic language. By his writting he has revived the homeric world at the expense of the historical authenticity. He didn't understand the antiquity like the classics had felt it : they had tryed to find the principle of eternity and of universality, and he stuck to the exterior elements. With his state of mind and his feelings, very well expressed in prose, the hero is more like a romantic character that a man living at the end of the third century. Chateaubriand has revealed magnificently, with the undeniable magic of his style, the charm of the meridional landscape that the classics had often neglected or described badly. His literary ideas are not a retreat or a full return to the classical aesthetics, they are constructed by the search of harmony between two aesthetics, classical and romantic
Vivès, Luc. "Le thème égyptien au XIXe siècle : les images de l'Egypte dans la littérature française." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040175.
Full textOur research aimed at bringing to the fore the close dependence existing between, on the one hand, the literary and artistic pictures of the XIXth century's Egypt and, on the other hand, a wide part of modernism which is linked to what we have chosen to name sign imaginary. Through the naissance of Egyptology speeches and archaeological subjects, through the progressive increase of travelling relations and the numerous - generic and stylistic - changes of orientalist and exoticism pictures, we have been able to piece together the slow assertion of the linguistic themes within the different portrayal system of modern and ancient Egypt. From three main picture series - subdividing itself into as many motifs as exposition methods - we have tried to grasp, in a chronological order, the conditions of appearance of the Egyptian-like art and the various pictorial metamorphoses allowing it to be perpetuated as far as today, in order to invest or to be invested with all the linguistic signs. In this manner, we have been able to notice the contamination of the touristic and the novelistic genres, the exchanges and the breaks between the Egyptian-like literary and the Egyptian knowledges, the birth of the historical novel, the development of the linguistic sciences and the progressive supremacy of the (hieroglyphic and alphabetic) signs within the modern western thought. The French literature, that the prism of the pharaonic hieroglyph carried on fascinating, has thus taken back to it not only archaeological and linguistic pictures, but also its own methods of representation : the language cannot be written any longer, be described and, so, appropriate itself without a henceforth familiar resort to a great many Egyptian patterns
Meiser, Heidrun. "L'hypocrisie de Molière à Marivaux." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040272.
Full textSeguin, Maria Susana. "Le Déluge universel dans la littérature et la pensée française du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040042.
Full textIzmit, Ayça. "Constantinople et sa représentation dans la littérature française (1830-1860)." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20040.
Full textConstantinople was a passage way for foreign travellers in the 19th century. This city which hosted different cultures, different nations over a long period of history has not only attracted the historians but also been a center of focus for literary specialists. Constantinople, being a bridge between the East and the West, has created a mystique and exotic fascination for travellers, enticing them into a fabulous dream world. Almost all of the travellers have had a unique way of expressing their feelings when visiting or imagining the tombs, the Harem, Grand Bazaar and other sites. The purpose of this study is to find out how the cosmopolitan city Constantinople and its daily life style has been portrayed by these travellers and the effects of their writings on Turkish literature
Dupuit, Christine. "Les pratiques littéraires comme réalité sociale : l'écriture fictionnelle de la folie en France à la fin du 19ème siècle : une pratique de sécession." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0326.
Full textWho is mad. . . When are whe mad. . . Where are whe mad. . . How are we mad. . . Why are we mad. . . When madness is the matter of a french novel in the nineteenth century (1880-1900). This thesis of sociology concerns the literature "fin de siecle" and tries to understand the social reasons of the folly is written in this fiction, during this period and in this way. The textual analysis of six fictions a rebours and en rade de joris karl huysmans, mr venus of rachilde, le dr pascal, l'oeuvre and la bete humaine de zola allowed us to defend the following thesis : the topic of madness is constitutive of a kind of rupture and reconstitution of social order. Against the "industrial", commercial and popular literature, writing the madness is sociologicaly understandable as a disaffected action which derogates from the orthodoxy, the functionalism and the lisisbility of the new burgess printed matter
O'Meara, Leslie. "Le blason animalier dans la poésie française XVIe siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040125.
Full textBogojević, Dragan. "L'imaginaire du Monténégro dans la littérature de voyage au XIXème siècle et au début du XXème siècle." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR2031.
Full textRipoll, Élodie. "De l'unique au multiple : emplois et fonctions de la couleur dans le roman français (1720-1839)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. https://janus.bis-sorbonne.fr/login?url=https://doi.org/10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-08304-7.
Full textThis project deals with the use and the meaning of colour in literature. Theoretical hypotheses are to be tested in a broad corpus of French novels, from 1720 to 1839, which is a central time for both the history of colour and the history of literature. Newton's Opticks was first translated into French in 1720 and Chevreul's work on the simultaneous contrast was published in 1839. In the meantime, the modern European novel emerged and colour has become an essential part of it. Contemporary scientific, artistic and literary discourses are to be investigated along with various aspects of everyday life in order to reconstruct the status of colour and the part it played in culture at that particular time, as well as the evolutions that occurred. Comparing those results with contemporary novels would not only show similarities and/or differences in the treatment of colour but also help to determine the particularities of the use of colour in literature which does not seem to develop chronologically. A corpus of 50 French novels will be analysed to highlight several aspects of that non-linear evolution such as the colour vocabulary chosen by the authors, the colour symbolism involved in the novels, the tensions between narration and description or literature and painting. This project is based on a transdisciplinary approach, including the works by M. Pastoureau, A. Mollard-Desfour, Berlin and Kay, as well as literary theory, aesthetics, anthropology, linguistics, cultural history, history of science, history of art
Robert-Géraudel-Dussausse, Nelly. "Romantisme et "esprit d'enfance"." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040234.
Full textThe nineteenth century is a witness to the birth of a childhood whose everlasting character faces the one which, out of Christian tradition, was marked out by its own incompletion. This new childhood, whose advent is closely connected to the development of the romantic thought and sensitivity and notably the fundamental self-demand, possesses a mythical dimension in the fact that it is no longer conceived as a transitional state but as an other way of existing. This ontological childhood is called "childhood spirit". The fascination of the childhood memory, the idealisation of the child's innocence of which the romantic man is the guardian, the compassion towards the child's suffering, the apology of the universal analogy brought to light at the level of the correspondences set and the will to attain the poetical knowledge make that the childhood spirit is the cornerstone of the romantic mind. This philosophy originates in the child but has grown thanks to the recognition of a number of analogues within the framework of a religion of humanity and of a backward move to the primordial order
Auditeau, Pascale. "La guerre de 1870 dans la littérature romanesque française (1870-1914)." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE1059.
Full textA war does not stop when the treaties are signed between the various belligerents. Its remembrance perdure in collective memory, partly by the means of litterature. The franco-german conflict of 1870-1871 is, for this reason, particularly significant : during and after the war, the novelists seize the subject. A multitude of works is produced from 1870 to the First World War. Many are the authors who reject the french defeats to only describe heroic episodes. Recurrent and stereotyped characters abound in these novels : courageous francs-tireurs, martyred girls, spies working for Prussians, etc. The representation of the German, which was positive before the war, considerably moves : a new hereditary enemy appears. Other novelists, like Maupassant and Zola, choose to adopt a critic point of view. Finally, a minority of authors interpret the war as a religious event : The conflict and the defeat emane from a divine will. As many representations which contributed to fix the memory of the war and to transmit to generations born after 1870
Casals, Marie Noëlle. "La représentation du poète dans le premier XVIIe siècle français." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20063.
Full textThe representation of the poet in the French pre-classical age is a good index to the transformations that occured in poetry in the first third of the XVIIe century. The study deals with the images of the poet that can be met in prose writings with a theoretical or apologetic aim, as well as in prefaces, letters and the works of the main poets of the period. Among the latter, Malherbe, Théophile de Viau, Tristan l'Hermite and Saint-Amant typify the various currents and genres that came to be associated with a poetry which has sometimes been described as « baroque » or « mannerisitic ». The figures that haunt the literary imagination of the period fall into several categories ; the mythological or Biblical characters, such as Orpheus, Amphion, Moses or David embody the divine and pragmatic dimension of a poetry that is supposed to have a bearing on reality. But this aspect tends to become less prominent in poetic works which register a major change in the image of the poet, whose action can no longer operate within the realm of the real, but merely in the order of discourse. Similarly, inspiration tends to become second to melancholy, which emerges as the new physiological model in the delineation of the intellectual processes at work in poetic creation. The rhetorical concepts inherited from antiquity and circulated by the Pléïade undergo, in turn, modifications indicative of the pride of place given to the individual poetic subject at the expense of more constraining archetypes. The poet, now viewed as literay object as much as poetic subject, bears witness, through his successive metamorphoses, to the emergence of a new literary field, distinct both from a theological authority that can now be dispensed with, and from a rhetorical apparatus that absorbed poetry into the art of discourse. The figure of the poet, therefore, serves as a reliable guide to the birth of literature as such in the pre-classical age, at a time when poetry has not yet been eclipsed by drama and the novel is still in its infancy
Chérat, Sandrine. "La femme-piège : une initiation herméneutique au féminin." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30070.
Full textIf from the dawn of time, “woman” has been the target of a chauvinist diatribe, it was in the beginning of the 19th century and into the middle of the 20th century that the demonization of the fair sex became the most scathing, almost dreaded object of masculine device. Spread far and wide, this attitude found its legitimacy with the shield of the multiple advances in society taking place in Europe at the time. So it was in this context that that several authors seized this opportunity that broke with reality to render a view of femininity that was fantastic, exceptional and marginal. Woman was represented through phantasm, the target of all sorts of symbolic attacks. Among these, it is the paradox of an object of simultaneous attraction and repulsion that seems to have been created from all directions in order to exorcize the phobic instincts trailing in her wake. Transposed into art, “woman” is transformed into a provocateur who endows her chosen lover with the mysteries and traps of the feminine nature. We concern ourselves most particularly with the themes of the decadent spirit which are the whore-virgin, the woman criminal, and the prostitute. All these are themes that bring up the original Genesis story as an inverse to the effects. Nevertheless, if our authors first invoke their assumptions about “dangerous” femininity they don’t balance their text with a feminine nature emerging in reality and demanding the truth. Instead, it’s a replacement of the “femme-fatale” by the “femme-piège” and her nature for so long hidden against the superstitions generated by the impulsions of masculine sexuality
Reynaud-Chazot, Isabelle. "Détournements de l'olfaction dans la littérature de la deuxième partie du XIXème siècle (France et Angleterre)." Paris 4, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01418918.
Full textJaouik, Moulay-Badreddine. "L'Islam et les Lumières françaises, 1624-1789." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL037.
Full textThis thesis of 994 pages aims at analysing the place of knowledge about Islam and Muhammed in the whole French works in the 17th and 18th century literary world ? It endeavours to show exactly the pray a real "golden age of information about Islam" will emerge in the late 17th century. This was a genuine moment of the Enlightenment, a period when the authors will henceforth favour the Muslim sources to write about Islam. Thus by becoming a subject of knowledge, Islam and Muhammad inspire political, philosophical and religious thoughts and the history and the present of Muslims with a feeling of deep respect. The texts relating to Muhammed, the Kuran, theology and the numerous critical assays are hence published on a new model which breaks with the hostile and controversial tradition related to the approach of Islam and its promoter and reduced by apologetics to their religious dimension, a tradition which will not be abandoned but which will take a renewed form all through the18th century to lead to a radically condemnation of the Muslin world and authors who were supposed to be panegyrist relatively unscrupulous of science. Studying this controversial tradition through its view, its transformation, detecting the moment from whish the premises of a real change in the view of Islam start to emerge showing who the precursors and their continuators are, the methods of research what they use and when exactly "this golden age" tend to fall, explaining the reasons, those are the issues in the study focused on a corpus of almost 250 various books, and which is meant to be a contibution to the history of ideas
Santurenne, Thierry. "L'opéra dans la fiction narrative française de 1850 à 1914." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040094.
Full textAs other nineteenth-century cultural works did, opera contributed to enriching writers'imaginative world, concerned about both its artistic and institutional dimension. In the second part of the period, narrative fiction references to the lyrical phenomenon make it the basis of a metaliterary thought in which the prima donna's personality, the way the performance is looked at, the voice rendering are so many themes used by novelists and short story writers to stage their relationship with writing. This support of opera to the self-reflexive meaning of the works adds to their anthropological purpose. Thus, the hints to the lyrical performance provide the writers with an essential tool for exploring the limits of the reality painted in fiction. Narrative fiction resorts to the sung drama as well, symbolizing the unstable equilibrium between the Apollinian and the Dionysiac, to emphasize the threat exerted by the latter on society, incessantly endangered by a devastating cruelty which persuades the myths enriching opera. Finally, its connivance with the socio-political field supplies the novelists with a significant material to the social criticism in which they represent moreover the emergence of a rebellious subjectivity through the consciousness of a spectator from now on more responsive to his own mental representations than to the splendours of the prevailing ideologies
Thierry, Cécile. "Contradictions et contrariétés fin de siècle." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20008.
Full textRobert, Claire. "Aux racines de l'écologie : un nouveau sentiment de la nature chez les écrivains français du 19e siècle." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030171.
Full textIn the 19th century, the industrial Revolution and the spectacular development of science, technology and transportation (railway) modified in depth the connections between Man and nature. In the French literature, a new feeling of Nature took shape, which carried in it the germs of three founding ecologies : ecology of the science of the living, ecology of landscapes and political ecology. After Rousseau, the writers made up a “naturalistic lyricism” around the sensitive re-discovery of forests, plants and animals, exploring thus a new ethics of the living (Michelet, Sand, Reclus, Maeterlinck). They launched the landscape of the “sublime” fashion (mountains and seas) and fed the myth of wild Nature, answering the American poets (Thoreau, Muir). They sketched out a poetic geography they meant to protect: “law of the sea”, “artistic reservations” in Fontainebleau, national park according to Robida, etc. The pre-ecological feeling confronted the ideology of progress (Verne, Saint-Simonism) and with the pessimism of the realistic and naturalist writers of the second half of the 19th century (Flaubert, Goncourt, Maupassant) ; but it re-appeared through the criticism of Modernity: sites denaturated by tourism (Töpffer, Champfleury, Daudet), bewitching cities (Baudelaire, Huysmans, Verhaeren), alienating mechanisation (Zola, Lafargue), social misery (Hugo), miasmas and waste (Taine). The literary questioned the future of the industrial and capitalist societies: are they on the way towards a new alliance with Nature or a large-scale disaster (Rosny, La Mort de la Terre), as a punishment of promethean pride?
Guimier, Mayenc Marthe. "Prison vécue, prisons imaginées au 19e siècle." Grenoble 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE39015.
Full textPenitentiary confinement is unanimously considered as inefficient and dangerous. To try to understand the permanency and universality of prison under numerous aspects, in spite of this damning statement, we intended -through various memoirs and witnesses'reports- to study how man behaves vhen he must face this new unrelenting world that prison is for him and what part is played by "the imagi- nary" in this behaviour : this is prison as experienced. Then we analysed imaginary works including prisons or prisoners, so as to point out the way the author visualizes incarceration, and what the mythical elements of his representations are, in the general environment of a given period : prisons as imagined in the 19the century. This study has brought out the existence of active mythical representa- tions which more or less built up a latent myth : the initiatory myth which under- lays the dream that the guilty one will be regenerated by being kept out of the way, then, at the end of his punishment, that he will be re-born as a new purified man able to take back his place in the community of men eager to welcome him. Unfortunately, the institution developed by legislators who were led by the power of the myth has only generated on "abortive myth" and prisons are kept on their evil consequences
Bauchet, Emmanuel. "Le sentiment d'ennui dans la littérature française du XVIIIe siècle (1715-1778)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040297.
Full textThe feeling of boredom in the French literature of the XVIIIth century (from 1715 to 1778) often takes the form of a historical and psychological essay, such as the testimony left by literature. The purpose is to show that the feeling of boredom was very important in the writers' way of thinking in the XVIIIth century, even if they hadn't exclusively worked on it. The work done has two different aspects: reinterpretation of the classics of the XVIIIth century regarding the feeling of boredom; revelation of many minores to confirm what the major writers said. Three fields of investigation appeared: boredom and melancholy in the age of enlightment, the tragic aspects of boredom and finally, boredom and history. In the first one, a portrait of the bored people has been depicted, as it has been noticed in the literary and medical books. After having done a semantic history of the word, it has been proved that the feeling of boredom lead to the consideration of uneasiness. It has been concluded that boredom seemed to be the synonym of two failures: the failure of the heart and the failure of the mind. In the second one, the relationship between fate and boredom has been underlined, as it has been seen in the religious speech. An interest has also been taken in the relationship between the feeling of emptiness and boredom, then in the feminine aspects of boredom. In the third one, it has been shown that boredom was a weapon to criticize, in order to reform XVIIIth century high society mores. Boredom was at the origin of a sad portrait of aristocracy, whose deviations seemed dangerous. The conclusion presented the writers' way of thinking regarding boredom and literary aesthetics
Le, Calvez Eric. "Génétique et poétique de la description : "l'éducation sentimentale de Flaubert"." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030056.
Full textWithin the framework of poetics of description (stumbling block of narratology), genetic analysis of topographic descriptions in "l'education sentimentale" by Flaubert, is abondant with new teachings which are both unsystematic and essential to an understanting of the rules of literary creation. How, and according to what principles, does an initial fragmentary description appear and take shape in tue manuscripts; how is it transformed, amplified, then reduced, after many drafts that will become a "final text"; how is it functionnally integrated into diegetic universe and its plot. As far as they interfere, poetics and genetics can help to solve such theoretical problems and bring into sharper focus this still current question; "what is a description?"
Mochiri, Pouneh. "Ut pictura prosa ornata : fonctions et implications de la description d'art dans la littérature en prose au XVIè (Domaine Franco-Italien)." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070081.
Full textOur reflection bases on the different ways of writing works of art in the prose literature of the sixteenth century. In the same time we consider the theories of image and the humanistic debates in Italian art treatises, we analyse French and Italian narrative texts. The category of "descriptive" includes the ekphrasis of artefacta, as well as descriptions of landscapes, female portraits and pictorial scenes. Our plan is made up of four parts: the components of the artistic atmosphere, the narrative meanings of descriptions, their hermeneutical dimension and their linguistic implication. In the first place, we examine the main characteristics of described artistic articles. Then, we study the narrative functions of art descriptions: the way they are attached to the narration, their structural role and the digressions they induce. Besides, the combination of iconical and verbal codes implies exegesis from readers: that' s the reason why our third part approaches didactic, theological and epistemological meanings of the image. Finally, we'll try to question the link between art descriptions and the defence of vernacular languages. In a certain way, pictorial prose aims at promoting French language, according to the rhetorical criterions of copia and varietas
Kazumori, Hiroko. "Ruines et ruine dans l'oeuvre de Victor Hugo." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070092.
Full textIt is undeniable that the ruins occupy a special place in Hugo's imagination, for their recurrence in the writings of Hugo and the variety of their characteristics. Even if the theme of ruins is not entirely new in the history of literature, it has a unique place in the culture of the nineteenth century, which saw spectacles of ruins - destruction of ancient architectures as well as political upheaval and collapses. The ruins in the work of Hugo reflect his view of the century, thoughts on the history, and philosophical reflections on the universal law that creates progress. Far from being a mere decoration, ruins in Hugo are a medium of his ideas - or the ideas themselves constructed as objects. Our study on ruins in Hugo tried to clarify the dynamism between his thought and work, his concept of the world and his own poetic universe. Philosophical thoughts of the writer are never independent of his literary creation, and vice versa, the literature sometimes offers itself as place to thought. The ruins in Hugo's works, never stable, with their indefinite form, are the most suggestive vision of his reflection on the elusive reality. They are no longe pretexts for poetic meditation, but concepts taking on a surprising materiality
Orwat, Florence Michèle. "L'invention de la rêverie dans la littérature française du XVIIe siècle." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040149.
Full textBonnin-Ponnier, Joëlle. "Le restaurant dans le roman naturaliste : narration et évaluation." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030129.
Full textThis work considers the subject of the restaurant in the naturalist corpus as a novelistic topos, a prescriptive focal point establishing a certain way to look at body and nature, a social representation and culturally significant table manners whose analysis can contribute to what phillipe hamon calls a "poetics of the evaluative". Commited to schemes, both evaluating and evaluated, a fictional population shows a "know-how to behave" and also a "know-how to enjoy", made up of a "know-how to see" and technical and socio-ethical "know-how to do " together with a " know-how to say". Taking into account all these aspects, allows to show the "ideology-effect" of the naturalist works, which in the text is conveyed by the idea which the character have of their projects and purpose and from the narrative point of view is to be perceived through the specific way the narrator deals with the theme, the narrator being indeed non devoid of aesthetic and philosophical presuppositions, as, together with his capacity of making up endless narrative variations around the restrictive pattern of the narration of life given as banal and ritualized and around the even more codified theme of "the restaurant scene" (first narratologic part), and also when expressing the elaborate judgements of his characters (second part centred on evaluation), he translates their experiences in spite of the special links the establishment is supposed to have with pleasure and festivity, with a critical "artist" vision, full of nostalgia for the aristocratic ideals of the past and of a pessimistic outlook of life. This double bias is highlighted by continuous confrontation with the novellistic intertext and above all the non fictional intertext (gastronomic and touristic guides, treatives on good manners) which often reveals, trough the praising of the pleasures of eating, a deep love of our condition
Picaper, Françoise. "L'enfant dans le roman français du XIXe siècle (1850-1914)." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030164.
Full textThe child imposes his presence in french literature around 1850. Ostentious or reserved, this new character becomes an indissociable actor of the storyline. Progressively the classification by types (the orphan, the battered child, the abandoned child, the schoolboy, the kid. . . ) gives place to descriptions of "individual cases" which draw their inspiration from the writer's own experience. The various aesthetics combine to develop a semiotics giving information about the social consideration of the child during the second part of the nineteenth century ; at the same time, they begin to influence, through the significance they grant to this character, on his condition in life
Sempère, Emmanuelle. "De la merveille à l'inquiétude : le registre du fantastique dans la fiction narrative au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030071.
Full textThe fantastic, in literary history, is part of the XIXth century literature. At the most specialists agree that Cazotte was the pioneer of that genre. However a large number of narrative fiction texts of the XVIIIth century - those written by Lubert, Bordelon, Crébillon, Mouhy, Prévost - content enough of the sometimes disturbing strangeness to analyse a fantastic specific to the Enlightenment period. We will try to define the nature and the causes of this literary phenomenon by linking the narrative general shapes and aesthetic choices with the rejection by critics of the supernatural and with the efforts of rationalization of thought which mark the end of the XVIIIth century. Because it innervates and shapes the most diverse texts, fairy tales, true stories, texts inspired by illuminism, false scientific treatises, parodic rewriting and of course novels - texts where, through an often playful use of the marvelous, a repressed belief resurfaces -, we wil not speak of a genre or of the themes but of a writing register, which comes under an attitude or a design which is fundamentally ambiguous towards the reference as well as towards the truth. Fantastic reveals the inadequacy of speeches and contents, thus questioning the connections between the marvellous and the plausible. This style testifies of the deep cultural mutations of the XVIIIth century and in that perspective analysing that style can bring a new light to the whole of the literary production of that period. Finally it shows, paradoxically, how experimenting a certain intellectual dismay - an anxiety - can be a source of literary satisfaction
Brouard, Isabelle. "Vies et images maternelles dans la littérature francaise du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040045.
Full textThe aim of our study is to show evolution of a character, of an image, that of the mother, through novels, poetry and theatre, deeply influenced by the philosophical speech - which includes a medical, a demographic and a political approach. Under the cover of an innovating appearance it results in a increased deep- rootedness of the most conservative functions and images of the mother. The approach marks out three historical periods corresponding to stages, which differ in their intensity to represent motherhood - 1690-1729, 1730-1759, 1760-1790. And important out put of works about motherhood is noticeable in the last period. Concurrently it opens the way to the beaming image of the father confirmed in his powers as head of the family. The approach of the revolutionary period reveals a family that became the XIXth century family - the mother keeping central position, at least in certain precise fields, i. E home and young children's education - such philosophers as Rousseau and Diderot, such moralists as Marmontel and Florian such realistic writers as Retif de la Bretonne and Mercier place her within a constellation - like family where her part appears as more important although it remains a secondary one. The study of the different literary genres shows a certain lack in poetry because poetry had not yet started its evolution and remained tied to a descriptive type of speech that could not allow a possible evocation of intimist scenes imposing the character of the mother. Theatre and comedy in particular, also remained tied to conventions, although some bold prospects appeared with plays such as la mere confidente by marivaux or l'ecole des meres by nivelle de la chaussee. Only novels, a new and promissing genre in the XVIIIth century, seemed to be able to offer new looks on the character of the mother