Journal articles: 'Little boxes on the hillside'

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Srejic, U., P. Larson, and P. E. Bickler. "Little Black Boxes." Survey of Anesthesiology 61, no. 5-6 (2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sa.0000527525.25915.4a.

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Srejic, Una, Paul Larson, and Philip E. Bickler. "Little Black Boxes." Anesthesia & Analgesia 125, no. 1 (July 2017): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000001983.

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Bradley, Burke T. "Little Black Boxes." Anesthesiology 124, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 1190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000878.

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Kelly, Barbara M. "Little Boxes, Big Ideas." Design Quarterly, no. 158 (1993): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4091292.

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Harries, Judith. "Little and large boxes." Practical Pre-School 2002, no. 33 (May 2002): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prps.2002.1.33.40268.

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Hall, Kim. "Little Girls in Pretty Boxes." Physiotherapy 83, no. 7 (July 1997): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)65805-1.

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Kerri Pierce. "Translator's Note: Translating Little Black Boxes." World Literature Today 90, no. 6 (2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.90.6.0009.

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Bessason, Bjarni, Gísli Eiríksson, Óðinn Thorarinsson, Andrés Thórarinsson, and Sigurður Einarsson. "Automatic detection of avalanches and debris flows by seismic methods." Journal of Glaciology 53, no. 182 (2007): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214307783258468.

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AbstractThe road along the Óshlíð hillside in the West Fjords region of Iceland is one of the most hazardous roads in Iceland due to avalanches, rockfalls and debris flows. The road has little traffic, but nevertheless traffic accidents caused by the severe conditions at the site are common. A number of avalanche tracks are found on the hillside. In some of these tracks, avalanches occur more frequently than in others. When there is an avalanche threat, avalanches generally flow over many tracks in a short time. Monitoring vibrations in the tracks with the highest avalanche frequency can indicate when avalanches start flowing down the hillside in a snowstorm, and avalanche hazard can then be declared with the specific site indicated. The same methodology can be used for rockfalls and debris flows, which are strongly affected by weather conditions and typically occur in clusters. Based on this knowledge, a research project was initiated in February 1996 with the objective of developing an automatic system based on seismic measurements to detect and analyze avalanches on the Óshlíð hillside and to instantly send a warning to a control station.

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Coppenbarger, Matthew. ""Little Boxes Made of Ticky-Tacky": 11060." American Mathematical Monthly 112, no. 8 (October 1, 2005): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30037591.

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Pairman, Ann. "Little boxes, rambling houses and children’s agency." Early Childhood Folio 22, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/ecf.0049.

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Flannery, Daniele. "Adult Education: Little Boxes all the Same?" Adult Learning 3, no. 3 (November 1991): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104515959100300316.

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Thomas, Sandra P. "Myriads of People Peering into Little Boxes." Issues in Mental Health Nursing 40, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2019.1600358.

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Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Belinda Cannell, and Akiko Kato. "Temperature inside nest boxes of little penguins." Wildlife Society Bulletin 32, no. 1 (March 2004): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[177:tinbol]2.0.co;2.

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McCarthy, Phillip. "LITTLE BOXES WHERE SUBURBAN DREAMS COULD TAKE FLIGHT." Fabrications 5, no. 1 (September 1994): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10331867.1994.10525076.

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Isaac, J. L., M. Parsons, and B. A. Goodman. "How hot do nest boxes get in the tropics? A study of nest boxes for the endangered mahogany glider." Wildlife Research 35, no. 5 (2008): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08016.

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As hollow-bearing trees become scarcer due to habitat loss, the use of nest boxes as a management tool for hollow-dependent species is likely to increase. However, nest-box use can be variable among species and habitats, and one possible reason may be that nest boxes offer little protection against extreme temperatures compared with natural hollows; this may be particularly important in the tropics. Here, we measured the microclimate of 16 nest boxes, installed as part of a recovery program for an endangered arboreal marsupial, the mahogany glider, during the summer in tropical north Queensland. We also measured the microclimate of 14 naturally occurring refuges (hollows in standing and fallen trees) at the same study sites. Nest boxes were significantly hotter during the day than were natural refuges (either in fallen or standing live trees) and experienced a greater range of temperatures. The most important factors explaining variation in daytime temperature in boxes was box aspect and the amount of canopy cover directly above the box: boxes that faced north, and those with greater canopy cover, were up to 7°C cooler than those that faced south or had little cover. We discuss our results in relation to the use of nest boxes in management plans for arboreal marsupials in the tropics.

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Eskew, Abigail. "Little Boxes: 12 Writers on Television ed. by Caroline Casey." Pleiades: Literature in Context 38, no. 2S (2018): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2018.0165.

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Mueller, Stefanie. "“No more little boxes” – Poetic Positionings in the Literary Field." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2020-2031.

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Abstract My article’s title borrows a line from Thomas Sayers Ellis’s poem “Skin, Inc.” (2010), a poem which uses the metaphor of incorporation in terms of its economic and formal affordances: formally as signifying upon a container, a box, in which the poet/lyric persona finds himself trapped as he is trying to create and to write; and economically, as signifying upon the poet as entrepreneur, who has to sell a brand and a product in the literary marketplace. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s work on the theory of the literary field, I think of the poem as a form of poetic position-taking in the literary field in the Unites States in 2010. In my reading, I explore the literary marketplace as presented in the poem, and I argue that we can use this image of the market to think about the role of race in the literary field in the US, in particular with regard to what has been called the “post-soul aesthetic.”

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Hámori, Dániel, Dániel Winkler, and Csaba Vadász. "Demographic data on the Little Owl (Athene noctua) in Upper-Kiskunság (Hungary)." Ornis Hungarica 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2017-0012.

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Abstract This study focused on the clutch size and age-specific apparent survival rate of the Little Owl (Athene noctua) population in Upper-Kiskunság, Hungary. Between May 2005 and April 2017, 640 individuals were captured and ringed in a total of 746 capture-recapture occasions. Artificial nest boxes were installed in the study area, breeding birds and pulli were captured for ringing/recaptured in these boxes (from March to May), or at the close neighbourhood of those (max. 168 m). Jolly-Seber’s open population method was applied to model the survival rate. The candidate model set included models incorporating age, year-effect, and the combination of those. AICc value was used to compare models in a selection approach. The final model was constructed via model averaging based on the models with significant explanatory power. The average number and SD of pullus/breeding pair was 3.78 ± 0.76. The average apparent annual survival rate (which does not differentiate between mortality and permanent emigration) for the period between pullus stage and the time of the first breeding was estimated as 9.47% ± 2.99% SE, whereas the annual survival rate of adults was 82.74% ± 8.46% SE. The effect of sex on the survival rate of adults was not investigated due to female-biased sample, as the probability of capturing females is significantly higher in late spring months. Our experience reveals that during February and March it is possible to capture both sexes in the nest boxes, and it does not influence negatively the breeding success. Based on our results, the population of the Little Owl is stable in Upper-Kiskunság. A slight increase in estimated population size is observable even if we make no difference between mortality and permanent emigration. The high occupancy rate of the installed nest boxes reveals that nest site availability is an important limiting factor in the studied population.

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Goldingay, Ross L. "Temperature variation in nest boxes in eastern Australia." Australian Mammalogy 37, no. 2 (2015): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14040.

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Nest boxes are frequently installed in Australia to provide shelter sites for arboreal mammals. Little is known about the temperatures that may be experienced inside nest boxes or the factors that may influence those temperatures. I established paired nest boxes on the south-east and north-west sides of trees at two locations in south-east Queensland to investigate the influence of nest box aspect on nest box temperature. Squirrel gliders (Petaurus norfolcensis) occupied boxes at both locations. I recorded temperatures over a 1-month period in two summers. Temperature varied by up to 20°C within a 24-h period and some nest boxes experienced temperatures above 40°C. There was no significant difference in maximum temperature with nest box aspect but south-east boxes could be 1°C cooler during hot weather. Nest box construction material, colour (brown or green) and volume (0.008 m3 or 0.025 m3) had variable influences on temperature. Nest box installations for non-flying mammals should place nest boxes to minimise extreme temperatures. Further studies are required to determine whether temperature limits the effectiveness of nest boxes at some locations.

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Gottschalk, Thomas K., Klemens Ekschmitt, and Volkmar Wolters. "Efficient Placement of Nest Boxes for the Little Owl (Athene noctua)." Journal of Raptor Research 45, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-09-11.1.

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Bourgoin, Alaric, Samer Faraj, and Paolo Vincenzo Leone. "Putting People in Little Boxes: How Scripting Processes Perform New Organizations." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (August 2021): 13715. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.13715abstract.

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ZIMMERMANN, W. J., D. G. OLSON, A. SANDOVAL, and R. E. RUST. "Efficacy of Freezing in Eliminating Infectivity of Trichinella spiralis in Boxed Pork Products." Journal of Food Protection 48, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-48.3.196.

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The relationship of storage time and temperature to loss of infectivity for Trichinella spiralis was evaluated. Ground trichinous pork was stuffed into casings, packed in boxes, and frozen in tiers of five boxes at four selected temperatures. Trichinae became non-infective between 6 to 10 d when stored at −17.8°C and between 11 to 15 d when stored at −12.2°C. Infective trichinae were obtained in final samplings after 56 d of freezing at −9.4°C and 71 d at −6.7°C. Little or no effect on infectivity was evident in trichinae frozen at −6.7°C throughout the 71-d period. Position of the box in the tier was a factor at −17.8°C and −12.2°C, as infectivity decreased more rapidly in top and bottom boxes than in other boxes.

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Clark, Joseph F., Melinda Reilly, and Frank R. Sharp. "Oxidation of Bilirubin Produces Compounds that Cause Prolonged Vasospasm of Rat Cerebral Vessels: A Contributor to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage–Induced Vasospasm." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 22, no. 4 (April 2002): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200204000-00011.

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The authors have previously shown that bilirubin-oxidation products (BOXes) are present in CSF of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with vasospasm, and that BOXes cause vasoconstriction in vitro. This study determined whether BOXes cause vasospasm in vivo. Identical volumes of either lysed blood or standardized amounts of BOXes were injected into the cisterna magna of adult rats. BOX injections caused 6 of 10 rats to die within 10 minutes, whereas 12 of 12 rats survived for 24 hours after blood injections. The mechanism for this significant ( P ⩽ 0.01) increase in mortality was unclear. To directly test whether BOXes produced vasospasm, a cranial window technique was used. Application of 20 μL of 10-μmol/L bilirubin had little effect on the vessels. However, application of BOXes produced marked, dose-dependent small artery and arteriole vasospasm that approached a 90% decrease in diameter by 40 minutes after application in some vessels, and persisted for at least 24 hours. To determine if BOX-mediated vasospasm led to cortical injury, histology and immunocytochemistry were performed on animals that survived for 24 hours. There was a BOX-related stress protein response for HSP25 and HSP32 (HO-1) without evidence of infarction. The finding that the BOXes produce vasospasm of cerebral vessels in vivo, in conjunction with BOXes being found in CSF of vasospasm patients, supports our hypothesis that BOXes contribute to or cause cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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Goldingay, Ross L. "Does temperature variation influence nest box use by the eastern pygmy-possum?" Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 1 (2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19023.

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Cavity-using birds and mammals reliant on nest boxes may be negatively affected by the poor thermal buffering of nest boxes. I investigated whether nest box use by the eastern pygmy-possum (Cercartetus nanus) over a 4-year period was influenced by maximum ambient temperature, which ranged from 15.6 to 34.9°C during survey occasions. Occupancy modelling of 144 site detections over 30 survey occasions suggested that a model that included maximum temperature had little support whereas a model involving time-varying detection (i.e. detection differed across sample occasions) was the most plausible. I also investigated how temperatures in nest boxes and tree hollows varied over the four hottest days of summer, including one day when the temperature reached 40.6°C. Maximum temperatures were 3–4°C cooler in plywood nest boxes and 5–8°C cooler in tree hollows compared with ambient temperatures. Together, these results suggest that eastern pygmy-possums using nest boxes in coastal areas are unlikely to experience heat stress. Cavity-using species are a heterogeneous group such that empirical studies are required to identify those that may be vulnerable to heat stress if nest boxes are used to provide population support.

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Bennett, Cary. "Assessment rubrics: thinking inside the boxes." Learning and Teaching 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2016.090104.

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Assessment rubrics are being promoted and introduced into tertiary teaching practices on the grounds that they are an efficient and reliable tool to evaluate student performance effectively and promote student learning. However, there has been little discussion on the value of using assessment rubrics in higher education. Rather, they are being gradually and (seemingly) uncritically mainstreamed into tertiary teaching expectations and practices, often through professional development workshops. This article investigates the pedagogic value and validity of criteria-based assessment rubrics and the instrumental rationality and goals informing them. Drawing on a small body of criticism, the article explores an emerging discourse that contends that assessment rubrics are not capable of measuring and evaluating complex thinking skills. Rather, they limit the independent responses of students and the professional judgement of markers, encourage compliance jeopardising student commitment and creativity, and promote a false sense of objectivity in the marking and grading of student work.

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CARECHE, MERCEDES, RAUL GARCÍA, and JAVIER BORDERÍAS. "Anchovy Shelf Life as Affected by Different Chilling Methods during Distribution." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.2.353.

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Anchovies are a very labile fish and deteriorate fast under chilling conditions. In the South of Spain, fishing boats land their catches in wooden boxes with ice (12 to 14 kg). For some years now, fish processors have prepared this species for market distribution by placing about 7 kg fish in expanded polystyrene (EPS) boxes containing water and ice. Then, in the distribution market, boxes are dewatered and re-iced. Transportation of the fish in EPS boxes containing water and ice was recently forbidden on the grounds that boxes for transportation of fish in ice must have holes to let melted ice drain away. In this paper, the effect of preserving the anchovy in water and ice from landing to the distribution market was studied and compared with the more traditional methods of storing the fish in ice in either wooden or EPS boxes. Physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were carried out over three different storage trials to account for the effect of seasonality. Little differences were found among lots, but some of the parameters showed that fish transported in water and ice did present less spoilage than fish stored in ice, especially when compared to the wooden boxes. According to these results, chilling of this fish in water and ice can be used as an alternative preserving method during transport.

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Griffiths, Stephen R., Linda F. Lumsden, Robert Bender, Robert Irvine, Lisa N. Godinho, Casey Visintin, Danielle L. Eastick, Kylie A. Robert, and Pia E. Lentini. "Long-term monitoring suggests bat boxes may alter local bat community structure." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 2 (2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am18026.

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Bat boxes are often used to provide supplementary roosting habitats; however, little is known of their impacts on community composition. Data collected from a 25-year box-monitoring and 31-year harp trapping case study provides preliminary evidence that the installation of boxes may have contributed to one species, Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii), dominating the bat community of a periurban park in Melbourne. This highlights the need for systematic monitoring and empirical assessment of conservation-focused bat box programs.

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Benson, Craig C., Qian Zhou, Xiaochun Long, and Joseph M. Miano. "Identifying functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human CArGome." Physiological Genomics 43, no. 18 (September 2011): 1038–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00098.2011.

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Regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) reside primarily within the nonprotein coding genome and are thought to disturb normal patterns of gene expression by altering DNA binding of transcription factors. Nevertheless, despite the explosive rise in SNP association studies, there is little information as to the function of rSNPs in human disease. Serum response factor (SRF) is a widely expressed DNA-binding transcription factor that has variable affinity to at least 1,216 permutations of a 10 bp transcription factor binding site (TFBS) known as the CArG box. We developed a robust in silico bioinformatics screening method to evaluate sequences around RefSeq genes for conserved CArG boxes. Utilizing a predetermined phastCons threshold score, we identified 8,252 strand-specific CArGs within an 8 kb window around the transcription start site of 5,213 genes, including all previously defined SRF target genes. We then interrogated this CArG dataset for the presence of previously annotated common polymorphisms. We found a total of 118 unique CArG boxes harboring a SNP within the 10 bp CArG sequence and 1,130 CArG boxes with SNPs located just outside the CArG element. Gel shift and luciferase reporter assays validated SRF binding and functional activity of several new CArG boxes. Importantly, SNPs within or just outside the CArG box often resulted in altered SRF binding and activity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a powerful approach to computationally define rSNPs in the human CArGome and provide a foundation for similar analyses of other TFBS. Such information may find utility in genetic association studies of human disease where little insight is known regarding the functionality of rSNPs.

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Bourgoin, Alaric, and Nicolas Bencherki. "Putting People in Little Boxes: The Constitution of an Organization Through Textual Technology." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 11396. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.11396abstract.

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Fredell, Joel. "Digital Philology in Little Boxes: Mobile Devices and The Book of Margery Kempe." Florilegium 32 (January 2015): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.32.004.

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Schein, Chelsea, and Kurt Gray. "The Prototype Model of Blame: Freeing Moral Cognition From Linearity and Little Boxes." Psychological Inquiry 25, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2014.901903.

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Durant, Rebecca, Gary W. Luck, and Alison Matthews. "Nest-box use by arboreal mammals in a peri-urban landscape." Wildlife Research 36, no. 7 (2009): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09058.

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Context. Nest boxes provide important nesting, denning and shelter sites for many fauna species worldwide, but we know little about the factors that influence the suitability of nest boxes for particular species. Such information is crucial in urban landscapes where natural hollows are scarce. Aims. The aim of this study was to record the use of nest boxes by sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps), squirrel gliders (P. norfolcensis) and other fauna in a peri-urban landscape in northern Victoria and examine factors at multiple spatial scales that may influence nest-box use. Methods. We monitored the use of 102 nest boxes over three seasons in 2006. Attributes that may influence nest-box occupancy were measured at five different spatial scales: (i) landscape; (ii) the habitat beyond 20 m of the nest box; (iii) the habitat within 20 m of the nest box; (iv) the tree that the nest box was located in; and (v) the nest box. Key results. At the landscape scale, topography influenced nest-box occupancy with squirrel gliders using boxes in flat or gully areas, and sugar gliders using boxes in gully, mid-slope or ridge areas. For habitat beyond 20 m of the nest box, sugar gliders were more likely to occupy boxes with a higher density of surrounding nest boxes and a higher density of residential dwellings. Within 20 m of the nest box, boxes occupied by sugar gliders were more likely to occur in areas with a higher density of acacia shrubs and lower density of hollow-bearing trees, whereas the presence of acacia did not influence nest-box use by squirrel gliders. At the scale of the nest-box tree, boxes occupied by sugar gliders were more likely to be on smaller trees (based on height and diameter) and on box (e.g. red box Eucalyptus polyanthemos) species. The only nest-box characteristic to have a strong relationship with occupancy was date of establishment, with longer established boxes more likely to be occupied. Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that various factors influence nest-box use at different scales and nest boxes remain an important conservation and management tool in heavily modified landscapes. Implications. Land managers and groups should be aware that nest boxes may help to alleviate some of the negative impacts of the loss of hollow-bearing trees in low density urban areas, but nest-box use will vary depending on landscape context, habitat factors, box design, and the ecological traits of the target species. Each of these factors must be considered to maximise the conservation benefits of nest-box programs.

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Klein, Ákos, Tibor Nagy, Tibor Csörgő, and Róbert Mátics. "Exterior nest-boxes may negatively affect Barn Owl Tyto alba survival: an ecological trap." Bird Conservation International 17, no. 3 (September 2007): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270907000792.

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AbstractNest-site reduction has played a significant role in the decline of Barn Owl Tyto alba populations throughout Europe and North America. Techniques of nest-site augmentation, involving the provision of nest-boxes, have been widely used in a range of species of conservation concern, including falcons, eagles, parrots, owls and cavity-nesting ducks. A common method of Barn Owl conservation is the placement of nest-boxes on church towers. Despite the usefulness of nest-boxes, several studies have shown that there may be associated disadvantages and that nest-boxes may even act as ‘ecological traps’. The purpose of this research was to compare the survival rate of owlets hatched in nest-boxes with those hatched in the more “natural” environment of church towers. Survival time analysis elucidated that owlets developing in nest-boxes had significantly lower survival than those hatched in church towers. This difference was most obvious after the parent-dependent period of the life history. Surprisingly, the length of time from hatching to the onset of winter had no effect on the survival of the owlets, even though the accumulation of sufficient body reserves and acquisition of hunting experience are thought to be important in determining survival during the critical first winter of life. We propose possible causes for the negative effects of nest-boxes and recommend some modifications to the priorities of Barn Owl Action Plans, e.g. partial reopening of buildings instead of nest-box installation. This paper emphasizes the importance of considering revision of Species Action Plans in the case of other endangered species where conservation is based on nest-site supplement (e.g. hornbills, cavity-nesting seabirds, European Roller Coracias garrulus, Little Owl Athene noctua, Saker Falcon Falco cherrug, White Stork Ciconia ciconia).

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Zendle, David, Lukasz Walasek, Paul Cairns, Rachel Meyer, and Aaron Drummond. "Links between problem gambling and spending on booster packs in collectible card games: A conceptual replication of research on loot boxes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): e0247855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247855.

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Loot boxes are digital containers of randomised rewards present in some video games which are often purchasable for real world money. Recently, concerns have been raised that loot boxes might approximate traditional gambling activities, and that people with gambling problems have been shown to spend more on loot boxes than peers without gambling problems. Some argue that the regulation of loot boxes as gambling-like mechanics is inappropriate because similar activities which also bear striking similarities to traditional forms of gambling, such as collectable card games, are not subject to such regulations. Players of collectible card games often buy sealed physical packs of cards, and these ‘booster packs’ share many formal similarities with loot boxes. However, not everything which appears similar to gambling requires regulation. Here, in a large sample of collectible card game players (n = 726), we show no statistically significant link between in real-world store spending on physical booster and problem gambling (p = 0.110, η2 = 0.004), and a trivial in magnitude relationship between spending on booster packs in online stores and problem gambling (p = 0.035, η2 = 0.008). Follow-up equivalence tests using the TOST procedure rejected the hypothesis that either of these effects was of practical importance (η2 > 0.04). Thus, although collectable card game booster packs, like loot boxes, share structural similarities with gambling, it appears that they may not be linked to problem gambling in the same way as loot boxes. We discuss potential reasons for these differences. Decisions regarding regulation of activities which share structural features with traditional forms of gambling should be made on the basis of definitional criteria as well as whether people with gambling problems purchase such items at a higher rate than peers with no gambling problems. Our research suggests that there is currently little evidence to support the regulation of collectable card games.

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McDowell, Michelle, Gerd Gigerenzer, Odette Wegwarth, and Felix G. Rebitschek. "Effect of Tabular and Icon Fact Box Formats on Comprehension of Benefits and Harms of Prostate Cancer Screening: A Randomized Trial." Medical Decision Making 39, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x18818166.

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Background. Fact boxes employ evidence-based guidelines on risk communication to present benefits and harms of health interventions in a balanced and transparent format. However, little is known about their short- and long-term efficacy and whether designing fact boxes to present multiple outcomes with icon arrays would increase their efficacy. Method. In study 1, 120 men (30–75 y) completed a lab study. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 fact box formats on prostate cancer screening: a tabular fact box with numbers, a fact box with numbers and icon array, and a fact box with numbers, separate icon arrays, and text to describe each benefit and harm. Comprehension of information (while materials were present) and short-term knowledge recall were assessed. Study 2 recruited an online sample of 244 German men (40–75 y). Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 fact box formats or widely distributed health information, and knowledge was assessed at baseline, shortly after presentation, and at 6-mo follow-up, along with comprehension while materials were present. Results. In both studies, comprehension and knowledge-recall scores were similar when comparing tabular and icon fact boxes. In the 6-mo follow-up, this positive effect on knowledge recall disappeared. Fact boxes increased knowledge relative to baseline but did not affect decision intentions or perceptions of having complete information to make decisions. Conclusions. This study shows that fact boxes with and without icon arrays are equally effective at improving comprehension and knowledge recall over the short-term and are simple formats that can improve on current health information. Specifically, if fact boxes are used at the time or immediately before a decision is made, they promote informed decisions about prostate cancer screening.

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Knowle, Dieter, Robert E. Lintner, Yara M. Touma, and Robert M. Blumenthal. "Nature of the Promoter Activated by C.PvuII, an Unusual Regulatory Protein Conserved among Restriction-Modification Systems." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 2 (January 15, 2005): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.2.488-497.2005.

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ABSTRACT A widely distributed family of small regulators, called C proteins, controls a subset of restriction-modification systems. The C proteins studied to date activate transcription of their own genes and that of downstream endonuclease genes; this arrangement appears to delay endonuclease expression relative to that of the protective methyltransferase when the genes enter a new cell. C proteins bind to conserved sequences called C boxes. In the PvuII system, the C boxes have been reported to extend from −23 to +3 relative to the transcription start for the gene for the C protein, an unexpected starting position relative to a bound activator. This study suggests that transcript initiation within the C boxes represents initial, C-independent transcription of pvuIICR. The major C protein-dependent transcript appears to be a leaderless mRNA starting farther downstream, at the initiation codon for the pvuIIC gene. This conclusion is based on nuclease S1 transcript mapping and the effects of a series of nested deletions in the promoter region. Furthermore, replacing the region upstream of the pvuIIC initiation codon with a library of random oligonucleotides, followed by selection for C-dependent transcription, yielded clones having sequences that resemble −10 promoter hexamers. The −35 hexamer of this promoter would lie within the C boxes. However, the spacing between C boxes/−35 and the apparent −10 hexamer can be varied by ±4 bp with little effect. This suggests that, like some other activator-dependent promoters, PpvuIICR may not require a −35 hexamer. Features of this transcription activation system suggest explanations for its broad host range.

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McCauley, Bernadette. "“Their Lives are Little Known”: Nuns and American Reform." Prospects 29 (October 2005): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001745.

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It is rare to see a Roman Catholic nun in a habit today, but old-fashioned nuns in full dress uniform are the darlings of the novelty business. The windup doll called nunzilla (she generates sparks), the puppet nun who boxes, and Christopher Durang's Sister Mary Ignatius, who explained it all, are just a few examples of nuns in contemporary popular culture. Like most other images of nuns, each of these, to different extents, perpetuates a stereotype of women who never think for themselves, are out of touch with the real world, and are petty and downright nasty. Is this just silly stuff or does it tap into something deeper in American culture? Certainly the fascination with nuns is nothing new. Americans have often expressed strong opinions about nuns, sometimes favorable but more often not.

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Wang, Zhong Tang, Guang Xia Qi, and Shi Hong Zhang. "Study on Weld Seam Control and Thickness Distributing of Tailor-Welded Blanks Drawing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.1035.

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Deep drawing of square boxes of tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) was studied by experiment and simulation in this paper. When the tailor-welded square boxes with different thickness was drawn to square boxes, the weld seam moved towards the thick part on the bottom and towards the thin part on the wall of square boxes. If the blank-holder force was very small, the wrinkling will happen on the thin part. If the blank-holder was very large, fracture will occur on thin part. Draw beads and non-uniform blank-holder force were investigated to control the deformation of the TWBs workpieces in this paper. When using the draw beads during TWBs drawing, using draw beads in both sides was better measures to control the movement of the weld seam. When non-uniform blank-holder force was used to control the movement of weld seam of tailor-welded blanks, it should be choice that the non-uniform blank-holder force on thick part was a half of that on thin part. It was shown that draw beads give better effects on the control of TWBs drawing than other methods. The variation of thickness was little in the bottom, and the variation of thickness was obviously in the corner of bottom. The maximal variation of thickness of TWBs workpieces on different area was both about 90.1%.

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Martens, Johanne M., Helena S. Stokes, Mathew L. Berg, Ken Walder, Shane R. Raidal, Michael J. L. Magrath, and Andrew T. D. Bennett. "A non-invasive method to assess environmental contamination with avian pathogens: beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) detection in nest boxes." PeerJ 8 (June 11, 2020): e9211. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9211.

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Indirect transmission of pathogens can pose major risks to wildlife, yet the presence and persistence of wildlife pathogens in the environment has been little studied. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is of global conservation concern: it can infect all members of the Psittaciformes, one of the most threatened bird orders, with infection often being lethal. Indirect transmission of BFDV through contaminated nest hollows has been proposed as a major infection source. However, data on whether and for how long nest sites in the wild remain contaminated have been absent. We determined the BFDV status of birds (parents and nestlings) for 82 nests of Crimson Rosellas, Platycercus elegans and Eastern Rosellas, Platycercus eximius. In 11 of these nests (13.4%, 95% confidence interval 6.9–22.7), we found an infected parent or nestling. Using nest swabs, we then compared BFDV presence at three points in time (before, during and after breeding) in three groups of nest boxes. These were nest boxes occupied by infected birds, and two control groups (nest boxes occupied by uninfected birds, and unoccupied nest boxes). Detection of BFDV on nest swabs was strongly associated with the infection status of parents in each nest box and with the timing of breeding. During breeding, boxes occupied by BFDV-positive birds were significantly more likely to have BFDV-positive nest swabs than boxes occupied by BFDV-negative birds; nest swabs tested BFDV-positive in 80% (28.4–99.5) of nests with parental antigen excretion, 66.7% (9.4–99.2) of nests occupied by parents with BFDV-positive cloacal swabs and 66.7% (22.3–95.7) of nests occupied by parents with BFDV–positive blood. 0% (0–52.2) of nests with BFDV–positive nestlings had BFDV–positive nest swabs. Across all boxes occupied by BFDV-positive birds (parents or nestlings), no nest swabs were BFDV–positive before breeding, 36.4% (95% CI 10.9–69.2) were positive during breeding and 9.1% (0.2–41.3) remained positive after breeding. BFDV was present on nest swabs for up to 3.7 months. Our study provides novel insights into the potential role of nest cavities and other fomites in indirect transmission of BFDV, and possibly other pathogens, and offers a non-invasive method for surveillance of pathogens in wild bird populations.

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Pol, Ronald F. "Anti-money laundering effectiveness: assessing outcomes or ticking boxes?" Journal of Money Laundering Control 21, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-07-2017-0029.

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Purpose This article aims to constructively critique the new global methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of anti-money laundering regimes against defined outcomes. Design/methodology/approach With surprisingly little discussion at the intersection of the money laundering and policy effectiveness and outcomes scholarship and practice, this article combines elements of these disciplines and recent peer-review evaluations, to qualitatively assess the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF’s) anti-money laundering “effectiveness” methodology. Findings FATF’s “effectiveness” methodology does not yet reflect an outcome-oriented framework as it purports. Misapplication of outcome labels to outputs and activities miss an opportunity to evaluate outcomes, as the impact and effect of anti-money laundering policies. Practical implications If the “outcomes” of the “effectiveness” framework do not match the crime and terrorism prevention policy goals of nation states, the new “main” component for assessing the effectiveness of anti-money laundering regimes potentially detracts focus and resources from, rather than towards, intended policy objectives. Originality/value There is a dearth of scholarship whether the global anti-money laundering “effectiveness” framework is sufficiently robust to assess effectiveness as it purports. This article begins addressing that gap.

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Pierson, Eric John. "Little Girls in Pretty Boxes: The Making and Breaking of Elite Gymnasts and Figure Skaters." Sport Psychologist 10, no. 4 (December 1996): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.10.4.412.

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Knight, John. "Monkeys on the Move: The Natural Symbolism of People-Macaque Conflict in Japan." Journal of Asian Studies 58, no. 3 (August 1999): 622–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659114.

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In the village of ukegawa there stood, until recently, a large chestnut tree up on the hillside in the garden of the village doctor's family. In the 1960s macaques started to descend from the mountains to feed on the tree every autumn. The old doctor, a kindly man with a well-known fondness for animals, at first indulged the little monkeys. The visitors from the forest also appealed to his curiosity in matters of science, and he even took the opportunity to observe them from the house as they fed. But as their numbers grew and their boldness increased, the doctor's attitude towards the monkeys began to change. His wife made clear her feelings to him about the monkeys stealing all the family's chestnuts, while all he could do was watch them with his binoculars! The doctor reacted by chasing the monkeys away.

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Carrión, Yolanda, and Pablo Rosser. "Revealing Iberian woodcraft: conserved wooden artefacts from south-east Spain." Antiquity 84, no. 325 (September 1, 2010): 747–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00100201.

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Six wells at Tossal de les Basses in Spain captured a large assemblage of Iberian woodworking debris. The authors' analysis distinguishes a wide variety of boxes, handles, staves, pegs and joinery made in different and appropriate types of wood, some – like cypress – imported from some distance away. We have here a glimpse of a sophisticated and little known industry of the fourth century BC.

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Bush, Edward W., Ann L. Gray, Paul W. Wilson, and Allen D. Owings. "160 A Closed-capture Irrigation Effluent Apparatus for Large Nursery Containers." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 469E—469. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.469e.

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A closed capture irrigation apparatus was designed and constructed for the purpose of monitoring irrigation effluent volume and nutrient analysis from 121-L redwood tree boxes. Measurements were taken monthly from Apr. 1997 to Oct. 1998. Tree boxes were filled with either a 3 pine bark: 1 sand: 1 peat or 3 pine bark: 1 soil media and planted with `Little Gem' magnolia [Magnolia grandiflora (L.) `Little Gem'] or Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana var. virginiana Mill.). In-line, pressure-compensated drip emitters provided irrigation water at the rate of 2 L/h. Daily irrigation volume ranged from 8 L in the fall and spring to 16 L during the summer months. The collection apparatus was constructed from 1-cm angle iron, neoprene rubber, a small drain assembly, and a 22-L plastic container. A square metal frame (43 × 43 cm) was supported by 31-cm legs and draped by a neoprene rubber mat with a drain assembly installed in the center. The drain was positioned into the plastic container creating a closed system to reduce effluent evaporation. The container capacity was adequate to store at least 24 h of collected effluent. This apparatus proved to be an efficient method of collecting irrigation effluent from large containers.

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Nilges, Lynda M. "Little Girls in Pretty Boxes: The Making and Breaking of America’s Elite Gymnasts and Figure Skaters." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 5, no. 2 (October 1996): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.5.2.109.

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Pang, Siyu, Tingting Lin, Xuejia Lai, and Zheng Gong. "A White-Box Implementation of IDEA." Symmetry 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13061066.

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IDEA is a classic symmetric encryption algorithm proposed in 1991 and widely used in many applications. However, there is little research into white-box IDEA. In traditional white-box implementations of existing block ciphers, S-boxes are always converted into encoded lookup tables. However, the algebraic operations of IDEA without S-boxes, make the implementation not straight forward and challenging. We propose a white-box implementation of IDEA by applying a splitting symmetric encryption method, and verify its security against algebraic analysis and BGE-like attacks. Our white-box implementation requires an average of about 2800 ms to encrypt a 64-bit plaintext, about 60 times more than the original algorithm would take, which is acceptable for practical applications. Its storage requirements are only about 10 MB. To our knowledge, this is the first public white-box IDEA solution, and its design by splitting can be applied to similar algebraic encryption structures.

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47

Koch, W., C. Benoist, and D. Mathis. "Anatomy of a new B-cell-specific enhancer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.303.

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The major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, like the immunoglobulins, are prominent B-lymphocyte markers. Herein, we describe a B-cell-specific enhancer associated with the murine class II gene, Ek alpha. This enhancer has a complex anatomy that suggests interactions between remotely spaced elements. Of particular interest is the finding that two CCAAT boxes spaced one kilobase apart are important for enhancer activity. Somewhat surprisingly, the E alpha and immunoglobulin enhancers seem to show little resemblance.

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Koch, W., C. Benoist, and D. Mathis. "Anatomy of a new B-cell-specific enhancer." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 1 (January 1989): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.1.303-311.1989.

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The major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, like the immunoglobulins, are prominent B-lymphocyte markers. Herein, we describe a B-cell-specific enhancer associated with the murine class II gene, Ek alpha. This enhancer has a complex anatomy that suggests interactions between remotely spaced elements. Of particular interest is the finding that two CCAAT boxes spaced one kilobase apart are important for enhancer activity. Somewhat surprisingly, the E alpha and immunoglobulin enhancers seem to show little resemblance.

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49

Roberts, G., and S. B. Crane. "Temporal variations in near surface soil moisture at two contrasting sites in the Wye catchment and their control on storm streamflow generation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 3 (September 30, 1997): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-453-1997.

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Abstract. Near surface soil moisture measurements were recorded at hourly intervals at two contrasting sites within the Cyff sub-catchment using a prototype capacitance probe system. In a mire area within a valley bottom, over the twelve month recording period, very little change in moisture content occurred. At the other site, a well drained area on a steeply sloping hillside, major variations occurred with significant soil moisture deficits being generated during a particularly dry summer. Soil moisture on the slope responded rapidly to rainfall inputs during wet periods, with little response during particularly dry periods. A number of rainfall events was analysed to determine whether changes in soil moisture could be used to characterise storm hydrographs for the Cyff and the Gwy, two sub-catchments being composed of differing percentages of mire area and steep slopes. It was found that percentage runoff for the Cyff was correlated with antecedent soil moisture on the slope, though the agreements for peak flow and lag time were poorer. For the Gwy, poor agreements were obtained for all three hydrograph characteristics. A simple formulation, based on storm rainfall and antecedent soil moisture deficits in the slope and mire areas, gave good agreement with storm streamflow volumes.

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Fuangthong, Mayuree, and John D. Helmann. "Recognition of DNA by Three Ferric Uptake Regulator (Fur) Homologs in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 21 (November 1, 2003): 6348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.21.6348-6357.2003.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis contains three Fur homologs: Fur, PerR, and Zur. Despite significant sequence similarities, they respond to different stimuli and regulate different sets of genes. DNA target site comparisons indicate that all three paralogs recognize operators with a core 7-1-7 inverted repeat. The corresponding consensus sequences are identical at five or more of the seven defined positions. Using site-directed mutagenesis, the Per box at the mrgA promoter was altered to mimic the core 7-1-7 motif of the Fur and Zur boxes. In vitro, the mrgA promoter containing a Zur box was only recognized by Zur, as demonstrated by DNase I footprinting assays. In contrast, both Fur and PerR bound to the mrgA promoter region containing a consensus Fur box. Expression analysis of these promoters is consistent with the in vitro data demonstrating as few as 1 or 2 base changes per half-site are sufficient to alter regulation. Similarly, the Fur box at the feuA promoter can be converted into a Per or a Zur box by appropriate mutations. While both Fur and PerR could recognize some of the same synthetic operator sequences, no naturally occurring sites are known that are subject to dual regulation. However, the PerR-regulated zosA gene is controlled from a regulatory region that contains both Per and Fur boxes. Although purified Fur protein bound to the candidate Fur boxes, Fur has little effect on zosA expression—possibly due to the location of the Fur boxes relative to the zosA promoter. Together, our results identify two nucleotide positions that are important for the ability of PerR, Fur, and Zur to distinguish among the many closely related operator sites present in the B. subtilis genome.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Little boxes on the hillside'

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