Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Littoral sableux'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 45 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Littoral sableux.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Saint-Cast, Frédéric. "Modélisation de la morphodynamique des corps sableux en milieu littoral." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12462.
Full textMichel, Denis. "Evolution morphodynamique d'un littoral sableux situé à l'aval d'une embouchure lagunaire." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10504.
Full textFerrer, Pierre. "Morphodynamique à multi-échelles du trait de côte (prisme sableux) du golfe du Lion depuis le dernier optimum climatique." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532788.
Full textPeron, Christina. "Dynamique littorale et comportement de ponte des tortues marines en Guyane française." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0369/document.
Full textFrench Guiana coast host, each year, marines turtles nesting. In French Guiana, marine turtles managed with the extreme coastal variability due to the migration of huge mud bank. In this context, nesting beaches could be unattractive if erosion is too intense or if there are silted-up. The instability of this coast could induce the creation of new sandy coastline (cheniers) and so on potential nesting site.The aim of this PhD work was to study the morphodynamics of sandy beaches which are also nesting site for marine turtles and the consequence of mud bank migration on these beaches. In-situ measurements were carried-out on the principal study area, Awala-Yalimapo beach, and permitted to increase our knowledge on the hydro-sedimentary evolution of one of the primary nesting site from daily to multiannual time scale. In the same time, the nesting activity of marine turtles was listed to highlight the use of environmental parameters in the finale selection of the nesting site. Principal environmental clues were the beach configuration, the water level, tidal current and the morphodynamics of the nesting habitat
Faye, Ibrahima Birame Ndébane. "Dynamique du trait de côte sur les littoraux sableux de la Mauritanie à la Guinée-Bissau (Afrique de l’Ouest) : approches régionale et locale par photo-interprétation, traitement d’images et analyse de cartes anciennes." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES1001.
Full textThis PhD Thesis on shoreline changes in western African sandy coasts from Mauritania to Guinea Bissau is a contribution to the “Prospective review of the long-term coastal environment changes in western Africa”, scientific research component of the Regional Coastal and Marine Conservation Program for West Africa (PRCM). Its main objective was to highlight and measure erosion and accumulation processes occurred over several decades on the sandy shores from Mauritania to Guinea Bissau at regional and local scales. The comparison of the instantaneous waterline and the vegetation line positions extracted from multi temporal Landsat images by density slicing or classification with the ISODATA algorithms indicates a regional progradational trend of highly mobile coastal forms like sandy spits, small islands and beach barrier associated with the estuarine systems from Senegal to Guinea Bissau in spite of localized erosion cases. The local analysis focuses on four sites located along the Mauritanian and Senegalese shoreline (Nouakchott area, Ndiago - Saint-Louis, Bargny - Yene-sur-mer, Mbour - Pointe Sarène) and approximately stretching over 67km. It is primarily based on digital processing and interpretation of aerial images in a GIS. Thereby the study of the spatial and temporal evolution of the position of selected shoreline indicators (high water line or upper beach limit) reveals that 47km (70 %) of the studied coastline are eroding and only 20 km (30 %) are prograding
Latapy, Alexa. "Influence des modifications morphologiques de l'avant-côte sur l'hydrodynamisme et l'évolution du littoral des Hauts-de-France depuis le XIXe siècle." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0554.
Full textIn coastal environment, interactions between morphodynamic, oceanographic and anthropic processes (acting over different timescales) control coastal systems evolution. This thesis is focused on long-term trends to determine the influence not only of human activities, but also the impact of climate change. Along the Northern coast of France, water level measurements were carried out since the early 19th century and tidal records were stored in the French Hydrographic Service (Shom) archives. At the same time that these measurements were conducted, hydrographic surveys were made for mapping the seabed of the coastal zone where tidal sand banks are common, forming linear shore-parallel or slightly oblique massive sand bodies. To determine long-term trends, digitization and analysis of these historical records were undertaken, enabling to reconstruct past sea-level changes and assess changes in sand bank morphology and position. Analysis of long tidal records suggests significant changes in tidal levels and a strong variability in the main tidal constituents. Moreover, analyses of bathymetry changes shows significant morphological variations across the shoreface since the 19th century, which are largely due to sand bank mobility. Numerical modelling of wave propagation and tidal circulation was performed using the TELEMAC suite of models to relate the observed changes in shoreface and nearshore morphology with possible variations in hydrodynamic processes. Under eroding conditions, an acceleration of tidal currents and an increase in wave height are obtained. Conversely, accumulation leads to an hydrodynamic regime weakening with a decrease in current velocity and to more wave energy dissipation in the nearshore. This study highlights the role of morphological feedbacks between nearshore morphology and coastal hydrodynamics. The identification of these feedbacks mechanisms at a secular time scale is important to assess potential drivers of coastal changes
Faye, Ibrahima. "Dynamique du trait de côte sur les littoraux sableux de la Mauritanie à la Guinée-Bissau (Afrique de l'Ouest) : Approches régionale et locale par photo-interprétation, traitement d'images et analyse de cartes anciennes." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472200.
Full textLALAUT, YVES. "Fonctionnement et efficacite des ouvrages statiques de protection des littoraux sableux." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112177.
Full textBoulanouar, Zineb. "L' arc sableux d'El Jadida-Azemmour : étude morphosédimentaire et approche dynamique pour une gestion environnementale." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES1006.
Full textHowa, Hélène. "Le Littoral du Nord Médoc, Gironde évolution d'une côte sableuse en érosion /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605980j.
Full textHowa, Hélène. "Le littoral du nord Médoc (Gironde) : évolution d'une côte sableuse en érosion." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10612.
Full textPoullain, Emilie. "Exploitation de l’intensité du signal LASER d’un LiDAR topographique aéroporté pour des environnements littoraux sableux." Caen, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924649.
Full textThe coastal environment is particularly subject to the effects of the climate change. It is thus necessary to survey frequent its evolution to preserve it. In this context, the Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is a powerful tool that offers the possibility to survey very large areas with repeatable and regular acquisitions with a high spatial resolution. Along with the discrete topography measurements, the ALS backscattered intensity by the coastal surfaces is also acquired. This data, not fully yet studied in the litterature, provides new information characterizing the scanned surfaces. However, they are very much influenced by the variable incidence angle of the laser shots from the plane. The behavior of the intensity reflected by the surface flown according to the incidence angle is analyzed using the microfacets distribution model. The results showed that, in coastal environments, three surface types have distinct behaviors: (i) the water surfaces reflecting specularly the incident beam, (ii) highly diffuse sandy surfaces, (iii) and higly water-saturated sandy areas combining specular and diffuse mechanisms. For the unsaturated sandy surfaces, studies demonstrated that (i) the granulometry, for the fine to very coarse sand, does not influence the backscattered intensity and (ii) a empirically law allows to link the moisture factor to the intensity
Poullain, Emilie. "Exploitation de l'intensité du signal LASER d'un LiDAR topographique aéroporté pour des environnements littoraux sableux." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924649.
Full textOudart, Thibault. "Dynamique morpho-sédimentaire de littoraux sableux macrotidaux à barres intertidales : modélisation numérique et expérimentations in situ." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI057/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to compare sediment flux measurements and in situ morphological changes with 2DH numerical simulations on macrotidal beaches with intertidal bars. These comparisons were made on two beaches in the Nord Pas de Calais - Picardie ,Zuydcoote Beach and Hardelot Beach. These beaches are characterized by a straight sandy bar-trough system.This work allowed to acquire current data and wave data on the profile of each beach and also offshore data for a period of one week. Sediment flux measurements were also conducted using sediment traps and by monitoring bottom evolution using DGPS measurements at the beginning and the end of the campaigns.All these data were compared with results obtained by a digital 2DH model. This digital model is composed of three modules of the TELEMAC calculation chain, a module for taking into account the tidal currents, a spectral propagation module for the waves, and a sediment transport module with morphological evolution. Using these modules, simulations were performed for the duration of measurement campaigns to calibrate various parameters by comparing the results with in-situ measurements, including the Strickler coefficient, the wave-breaking index and four different sediment transport formulas.These simulations show the influence of the breaker index on both the hydrodynamic part and the sediment transport and morphological evolution.The different sediment transport formulas were used to determine their ability to reproduce the sediment transport measurements and the evolution according to the breaker value.This model has helped to highlight the role of waves and surges on the direction and intensity of the sediment transport as well as preferential areas of accretion and erosion. This study also shows some limitations of the model mainly on the speed perpendicular to the beach and the limitations caused by the use of a breaker index taking only into account the ratio between wave height and the deep, and limiting the surge on the crest of the bars and into the slope between the bar and the top trough on the beach
Gallissaires, Jean-Marie. "Etude des transits sableux sur la zone côtière : application aux littoraux aquitain (France) et Fluminense (Brésil)." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10666.
Full textPradeau, Josiane. "Dynamique du littoral médocain plages et dunes de Lacanau-océan, flèche sableuse du Cap-Ferret /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376177068.
Full textPradeau, Josiane. "Dynamique du littoral médocain : plages et dunes de Lacanau-Océan, flêche sableuse du Cap-Ferret." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30059.
Full textAn in site investigation shows that the beaches are growing bigger between february 1986 and february 1987 en lacanau-ocean area. Despite of the fact that the climate circumstances are clement, the impact of the protections against the sea erosion is typical ; permanence of a littoral furrow and curving of the isobathes at the south of the experimental perpendicular dam. The seaboard at the north of the seaside-resort is being assaulted. (blue clay). The general good state of the dune cordon of the whole area is diagnosed with ecodynamic cards, an analysis is also done about morphosedimentary unities. The development policy of lacanau-ocean takes into account the natural pressures of the environment, the future interventions are important. The analysis of space pictures can individualize the channels of the bassin d'arcachon and show up the late evolution of the sandy shaft of cap-ferret
Pierre, Ferrer. "Morphodynamique à multi-échelles du trait de côte (prisme sableux) du golfe du Lion depuis le dernier optimum climatique." Perpignan, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532788v2.
Full textProblems in coastal environments are often linked to the position of the shoreline, which has moved for 6000 years. Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea) is an exceptional natural laboratory for morphodynamical studies of the shoreline in microtidal environment, using the existence of coastal lagoons behind the barrier island and subtidal sandbars on the shoreface. Lagoons are environments where the sedimentary infill is well preserved. The sedimentary record can be used for the paleo-reconstruction of the lagoon and of the sandy barrier. The first goal of this work is to characterize the evolution of Thau lagoon and Sète sandy barrier from the sedimentary infill. Using data of seismic reflexion and sedimentary cores, three mains units have been described. The main steps of the lagoon edification have been reconstructed using the analyses and the datation of the sedimentary samples. Coast showing systems with two sandbars have been observed in meso- and macrotidal environments. Their study in microtidal environment is less abundant, that’s why the system of Leucate Beach has been studied since 2000. The second goal of this work is to propose a conceptual modeling based on the morphodynamics of the system, from geophysical and hydrodynamical data. This model is based on morphodynamic observed sequences, it is necessary to create two beach states which can be included in the usual classification. It shows the role of the significant wave height and the incidence of the waves in the morphodynamics of the system
Robinet, Arthur. "Modélisation de l’évolution long-terme du trait de côte le long des littoraux sableux dominés par l’action des vagues." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0946/document.
Full textWave-dominated sandy coasts are highly dynamic and populated systems increasingly threatened by erosion hazard. Understanding and predicting shoreline change is critical to inform and guide stakeholders. However, there is currently no numerical model able to reproduce and predict shoreline evolution over the full range of temporal scales and coastal geometries owing to numerical and physical limitations. This thesis focuses on the development of new reduced-complexity models to simulate shoreline change along wave-dominated sandy coasts on the timescales from hours to decades with low computation time. First, a statistical shoreline change model based on the seasonal occurrences of some oceanic basin weather regimes is developed. This model allows simulating shoreline variability at the seasonal and interannual scales, without resorting to wave data or sediment transport modeling. Second, a new so-called LX-Shore numerical wave-driven shoreline change model is developed, which takes the best from some existing models and includes additional numerical and physical developments. LX-Shore couples the primary longshore and cross-shore processes and includes the feedback of shoreline and bathymetric evolution on the wave field using a spectral wave model. LX-Shore successfully simulates the dynamics of coastal embayments or the formation of subsequent nonlinear evolution of complex shoreline features such as flying sandspits. It is anticipated that LX-Shore will provide new and quantitative insight into the respective contributions of the processes controlling shoreline change on real coasts for a wide range of wave climates and geological settings
Jolivet, Morgane. "Morphologie et dynamique des littoraux sableux de Guyane soumis à l’influence de bancs de vase amazoniens : analyse expérimentale et multi-échelle, du court terme au multi-décennal." Thesis, Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0014.
Full textThis thesis aims to describe and understand the morphological evolutionary of gyanese sandy-muddy coasts, under multiple influences, encompassing mesoscale to infra-daily processes. The long-term study of coastline evolution (1950-2017), based on high-resolution (50 cm) aerial images, made it possible to accurately observe and describe the structure "in thousand-sheets" of the coastal plain of the Guianas, which is made up from alternating deposits of muddy sediments and cheniers. On a smaller scale, this thesis relies on a field study, during which morphological and hydrodynamic data was collected between 2017 and 2019. A diachronic survey of beach morphology was employed using photogrammetry combined with seasonal bathymetric surveys. Currents, waves and tides have beeen recorded during specific hydrodynamic campaigns. On the morphological response to instantaneous forcing, the study of morphodynamics allowed us to underline the importance of tides in sedimentary transport and the functioning of beaches, combining both an extremely dissipative low-water terrace and a highly reflective beach-top at high tide. The multi-decadal study and the field observations also allowed to advance the evidence of the generalization of the beach rotation model. These conditions, combined with the availability of sand from the re-mobilization of cheniers or local estuarine inputs, define these sandy beaches as zones with high variability but with a stable sediment balance subjected to a winging of the sandy material. Attempts to fix in place a highly variable coastline creates a disruption in the form of micro littoral cells that limits the intrinsic mobility of the sandy sediment necessary for the balance of the beaches during the alternation of bank and interbank periods
Desmazes, Franck. "Caractérisation des barres sableuses d'une plage de la côte aquitaine : exemple de la plage du Truc Vert." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13097.
Full textJaud, Marion. "Techniques d'observation et de mesure haute résolution des transferts sédimentaires dans la frange littorale." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650953.
Full textRetureau, Hervé. "Sociétés littorales, gens de mer et activités maritimes dans un port en mutation : l'exemple des Sables-d'Olonne (1747-1866)." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2003.
Full textSeafarers form, in Les Sables-d'Olonne, an old fishing port, a homogeneous social group throughout the period studied (1747-1866); a group that has adapted to the evolutions of fisheries and the internal transformation of the port city. The prosopographyoriented approach of this thesis is based on a corpus of 682 individuals, which makes it possible to follow the careers of these men since their entry into the trade as cabin boys until their inscription to the "Hors-service". The story of these men at the bottom of the social ladder leads to a better understanding of the social and economic aspects of the port des Sables over the long term. Each social stratum is thus apprehended: from the mass of sailors to the elite captains of ships without neglecting the world of traders and shipowners. A port that abandoned, after the French Revolution, what made its reputation with the Great fishing in Newfoundland to take root in a new activity around 1830-1860 based on the exploitation of the sardine. This booming fishery will revolutionize the city, which is then transformed by the opening of many factories, the development of port infrastructure and the influx of migrants to complement both the crews and providing women with a seasonal employment made possible by the work of the fish industry. This thesis is a story of men, women and children, all linked together and facing the sea in a port in profound mutation
Rochard, Patrick. "Les structures internes des plages de sable : évaluation de différentes approches méthodologiques, exemple d'un ensemble de plages bordant la mer d'Iroise." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1009.
Full textRaynal, Olivier. "Architectures de dépôts et facteurs de contrôle d'un système côtier à faibles apports sédimentaires - le littoral languedocien (Golfe du Lion, Sud de la France)." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542897.
Full textDegryse-Kulkarni, Christine. "Morphodynamique de la zone de swash." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2057.
Full textMorellato, David. "Dynamique des plages sableuses soumises à l’action des vagues, de la marée et de rechargements artificiels." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2040.
Full textThe thesis studies the cross-shore hydrodynamic and hydro-sedimentary processes and related morphodynamics on dissipative sandy beaches, The selected method is based on the determinist numerical modelling which couples the hydrodynamic model FUNWAVE, based on the fully linear equations of Wei et al. , with two different sediment transport models and a module of morphological evolution. The first transport model, 1 DH, consists in including the method of calculation of near-bottom velocity proposed by Lynett and the sedimentary transport formula of Bailard. The second transport model, pseudo-2DV, is a series of vertical turbulence-closure models expressed in sigma-coordinated. The two versions are validated by experiments in laboratory (SmaIl Wave Tank in the fiat channel cf the LEGI in Grenoble and Delta Flume Large Wave Tank of Delft Hydraulics in The Netherlands) and in situ on the Pentrez beach in the bay of Douarnenez. The waves propagation and the vertical structure of velocities and suspended sediment concentrations are mainly well reproduced. The morphological evolution, like bar migration, is correctly reproduced. The 10H version, more stable and cheaper in computer time than the pseudo-2DV version, was applied to quantity the influence of the various parameters on morphology of plane beaches under the combined actions of waves and tide. Simulations fit with the descriptive model of Masselink and Short. This same 1 Dl version was applied to compute the behaviour of artificial nourishments. Preliminary, some practical recommendations are suggested
Jabbar, Marie. "Dynamiques morpho-sédimentaires des avant-plages et impact sur les stocks sableux : vers une meilleure stratégie de gestion des risques côtiers." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0108/document.
Full textThe global phenomenon of coastal erosion, occurring especially on sandy coasts, tends to increase coastal risks in areas with key issues and concerns. In this context, stocks management strategies within sandy hydro-sedimentary coastal cells have appeared to be potential solutions to the local management of coastal erosion and their associated risks. However, despite their importance to determine management strategies, the dynamics of nearshore (submerged part of the cell) geomorphology remain poorly studied and partially understood. This PhD thesis aims to provide a better understanding of nearshore geomorphology in some specific sites and to contribute to the development of coastal risk management strategies.The study of multi-temporal bathymetric surveys at century-scale and annual-scale highlights significant evolution of the Brittany nearshore morphology from the beginning of the 20th century until today.In particular, a striking result is the reversal of the morphological evolution tendency in the mid-20th century. During the first half-century, the situation is steady, though nearshore morphology has a slight tendency toward accumulation. During the second half-century, we measured a net erosion tendency for all the survey sites. Interpretation and discussion of these results allow to determine the forcing of the nearshore morphodynamics, among which are climatic (coupled ocean-atmosphere) events, anthropogenic impacts and structural constraints
Aernouts, David. "Le rôle des changements bathymétriques à l'avant-côte sur l'évolution des littoraux meubles du Cap Gris-Nez à Dunkerque, Côte d'Opale, Nord de la France." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0138.
Full textThis thesis concerns the effects of nearshore seabed changes on the evolution of the sandy coastlines from Cap Gris-Nez to Dunkirk during the XXth century. Five aerial photograph surveys from 1949 to 2000 and bathymetry data collected by the French Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM) near Calais and in Wissant Bay during the XXth century were used for mapping shoreline and nearshore evolution. In the vicinity of the harbour of Calais, the observed bathymetric changes were mostly caused by the mobility of the Riden de la Rade, a prominent nearshore sand bank. Our results showed that this bank migrated onshore and alongshore while its volume increased. High resolution seismic reflexion profiles across the bank suggest that this migration is caused by longshore tidal flows and onshore-directed currents induced by storm waves which propagation was simulated using the model SWAN (Simulation of Waves in the Nearshore Zone). In the Wissant Bay, this analysis of shoreline and nearshore evolution showed that coastal retreat increased since the late 1980's which is related to significant seabed erosion in the nearshore zone. These results show that coastline evolution is strongly dependant on nearshore morphological changes and underline the importance of taking into account shoreface dynamics to achieve sustainable management of the coastal zone
Morio, Olivier. "Compréhension des dynamiques morpho-sédimentaires cohésives et non- cohésives des littoraux de Bretagne Sud (France) à différentes échelles spatio- temporelles." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS479/document.
Full textAt the world scale, coastal areas can be divided in several categories: rocky, sandy, muddy and mixed coasts. However, these sedimentary coasts are regularly found mixed. Temporary or permanent mud inputs are observed on the sandy beaches. These atypical mixed environments, coupling erosional, transports and deposits processes associated to cohesive and non-cohesive sediments have been poorly studied. So, understanding theirs morphological and sedimentary dynamics and the identification of regional and local forcings driving them are essential. Four sandy-muddy or fully sandy Low-Tide-Terrace beaches from the bay and estuary of Vilaine (South-Brittany) have been monthly monitored over two years to characterize their morphodynamics beahaviors. Specific monitoring of coupled hydrodynamics and morpho- sedimentary surveys and photogrammetry experiments have been conducted on mixed sandy- muddy or full sandy beaches. At a regional scale, this work highlights the role of the initial morphology and regional geology inheritance on the morphological response of the littoral zones to extreme energy conditions. Despite some erosion patterns in local parts of beaches, particularly close to shore protection structures, the mid-term recovery capacity of the south-Brittany coastal area after extreme wave energy conditions have been proved. In a more specific approach, the works regarding the sandy- muddy beach dynamic show a morphodynamics behaviour close to that of a fully sandy beach during high energy event. The mudflat elevation changes and the dynamic of the ridges and runnels sedimentary patterns are mainly controlled by the incoming waves but also by the own physical properties of the sediment, particularly those induced by the interaction between the sand from the reflective section and the mudflat. A sand deposit between mud layers potentially decreases the wave erosion capacity on the mudflat
Aubry, Aline. "Processus hydrodynamiques et bilans morpho-sédimentaires d'un littoral macrotidal en accrétion : étude in situ et par télédétection spatiale : application aux Hemmes de Marck, Nord Pas-de-Calais, France." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556010.
Full textChaverot, Sylvain. "Impact des variations récentes des conditions météo-marines sur les littoraux meubles du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0146.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral dissertation is to analyse the response of low-lying sandy coasts of Nord-Pas-de-Calais to high energy events at various spatial and temporal scales. First, the evolution of the shoreline was determined by comparison of geometrically rectified aerial photographs from the second half of the XXth century. This was followed by an analysis of meteorological and tide-gauge data from three stations along the Côte d'Opale (Boulogne-sur-Mer, Calais, Dunkirk). This analysis focuses on high magnitude events (in terms of wind velocity and surge height), which likely have the most significant impacts on shorelines. To assess the potential impact of high water levels during high energy periods, on sandy shorelines at a short time-scale (event) and at a medium time-scale (several years) on macrotidal environments, meteorological and geomorphologic data have been integrated into a storm erosion susceptibility index using different parameters (water level above dune toe, event duration, height of the waves). Finally, this study includes an evaluation of the possible impacts of climate change on the evolution of unconsolidated shorelines. Some of the expected consequences on coasts include sea-level rise and an increase in storm intensity and frequency. Such scenarios would result in an acceleration of coastal erosion and more frequent flooding of low-lying sandy coastlines, which are highly vulnerable. Zones at risk of marine flooding in a vulnerable area of the Côte d'Opale are mapped
Laibi, Raoul Adéniyi. "Dynamique actuelle d'une embouchure fluviale estuarienne à flèche sableuse, la Bouche du Roi, Bénin, Golfe de Guinée : caractérisation hydrosédimentaire et géomorphologique." Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0407.
Full textThe Mono river estuary is established in the Western part of the Benin coastal zone. It's a microtidal estuary with predominance of swell. It ensures the exchanges with the sea by means of a tidal inlet named "Bouche du Roi". It forms a coastal hydro-sedimentary system associated with three generations of sand barrier which attest the last marine oscillations of the recent Quaternary. This thesis work studies the dynamics of these barriers-inlets on various temporal scales and according to a multi-field approach. The results show that the two old sand barriers are built and destroyed at the rhythm of marine level variations of recent Quaternary. On the other hand, the contemporary dynamics of the current barrier results in the morphogenesis of a spit-creek system, under control of littoral drift, tide conditions and hydrological seasons of the Mono river. Before the startup of Nangbeto dam, because of the temporary character of the Mono flows, the spit-creek morphodynamic was limited in space and time. But since the operating of the dam in 1987, the spit-creek morphodynamic became persistent, owing to consistency and permanence of Mono flows from now on controlled by the dam. The effects of this anthropic morphodynamics on the physical and human environment are immeasurable : loss of touristic beach, swallowing up of grounds and cultures (salt productions, agrarian cultures, aquacultures,...), destruction of dwellings and other socio-community infrastructures (schools, roads,...), populations displacements, exhumation of late parents remains,... The migration solution proposed consists in displacement of Hokoue and Docloboe populations and in periodical practice (every 7 years) of mechanical breaches on the level of Avlo beach
Guerin, Thomas. "Modélisation morphodynamique pluri-décennale des côtes dominées par la marée et les vagues." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS002/document.
Full textThis work considers the pluri-decadal morphodynamic modeling of sandy coastal environments subjected to tides and waves. A process-based numerical model is used, together with a collection of field data from the LIENSs laboratory (i.e. bathymetric, hydrodynamic, and seismic data). To simulate the morphodynamic of these environments, two main numerical developments have been added to the model : (1) the sediment heterogeneity, and (2) the bed evolution computation following a WENO-based scheme adapted to unstructured grids. The first model application concerns the 40-year hindcast (period 1960 to 2000) of a wide estuary mouth sandbank located in the Marennes-Oléron bay : the Longe de Boyard sandbank. Numerical results suggest that this sandbank long-term evolution is strongly controlled by waves, in spite of its global tide-dominated morphology. Rhythmic nature of sediment accretion, which is observed and modeled in the south part of the bank, was then analyzed from a stratigraphic point of view thanks to the integration of sediment heterogeneity into the model. Grain size rhythmic variations in this area appeared to be related to local wave climate seasonality. The second model application considers the Arçay sandspit evolution (Vendée coast). Morphodynamic results suggest that this sandspit evolution, mainly controlled by waves, is characterized by a combination of both autogenic and external-influenced behaviors
Campmas, Lucie. "Dynamique instantanée à décennale d'un système de plage sableuse soumis à des forçages extrêmes : île-barrière de Wan-Tzu-Liao, Taïwan." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS245/document.
Full textThis work focuses on a multi-scale analysis of a sand barrier morphodynamics exposed to paroxysmal forcings of monsoon, tropical storms, and typhoons. The study provided a large dataset of in-situ measures acquired in the framework of the KUNSHEN project. Seven months of field work (from November 2011 to January 2012 and from May to September 2012) provided a new, exhaustive and hight resolution measures. Measures of hydrodynamic conditions from offshore to the swash zone are acquired as well as high frequency topographic surveys of the emerged beach. Waves monitoring are from an offshore buoy, two current profilers in the shoreface (continuous measures at 2 Hz) and pressure sensors buried in the sub-aerial beach (continuous measures at 5 Hz). The topo-bathymetric surveys were acquired using D-GPS (centimetric resolution) one time a week during winter season of monsoon and just before and after each extreme storm during summer season of typhoons.Then, analysis focus in the morphodynamics of the swash zone and the emerged beach on a range of scales from instantaneous to one year. At the instantaneous scale, we analyze variations of the water surface fluctuation and sand bed elevation (seconds) during each phases (rising, apex and falling) of the Talim tropical storm (June 2012, Hs = 10.34 m and Ts = 14.6 s). Concerning the same storm, we characterize the morphologic changes of the whole emerged beach at the evenemential scale (days). Sand balances of each seasons are quantified in order to characterize the dynamics from seasonal scale (months) to annual scale of a sand barrier driven by two types of extreme forcings (monsoon/typhoons). On the beach-front, impact of groups of winter weak storms is compared to the impact of extremes tropical storms and typhoons. To conclude, we highlight 1) importance of in-situ measures in morphodynamic studies, 2) the major role of scales stacking and 3) the role of herited beach profile in the morphologic responses of the emerged beach driven by extremes forcings of wind and wave
Arnaud, Gaël. "Mesures locales des variations bachymétriques et des propriétés du sol en zone de surf." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3036.
Full textEvolution of sandy coastline results predominantly of sediment transport processes in the surf zone. Thus, monitoring sediment levels in this area is crucial both for understanding the mechanisms involved and for the supervision of marine structures. However monitoring this area can be tricky because of energy conditions and the global dynamic of this area. The thesis presented here was conducted in order to develop and implement a new measurement system based on an electrical method of bed level detection. The system is made of a ramp of electrodes mounted on a supporting pole that is buried in the sediment. The resistivity contrast between the sediment and the water is then used to differentiate both mediums. A theoretical study as been made in order to optimize the electrode configuration. Then numerical simulations and laboratory tests have been performed to confirm theoretical behavior of the measurement. The system was then submitted to real conditions testing during field experiment. Analysis of these data have provided informations on sediment level changes over several tidal cycles, presenting an original approach of the sediment water interface under dynamic conditions. Finally, the way of using resistivity measurements to assess the evolution of porosity in the first centimeters of sediment layer is analyzed, pointing out limitations and suggesting improvements of the instrument
Dehouck, Aurélie. "Morphodynamique des plages sableuses de la mer d'Iroise (Finistère)." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109373.
Full textPar l'analyse statistique et volumétrique des séries de profils topographiques, la variabilité morpho-sédimentaire en zone intertidale et la dynamique des corps et figures sableuses est décrite à l'échelle événementielle, saisonnière et pluri-annuelle. Les résultats mettent en évidence une tendance actuelle au recul/progradation du profil sur les plages dominées par une dynamique transversale et à l'inverse, une relative stabilité sur les plages dominées par une dynamique longitudinale. Toutefois, l'observation d'une fermeture du profil autour de - 3 m C.M. associée à des bilans sédimentaires non nuls (neuf mois de suivi sur un site test) soulèvent la question de l'influence du transport longitudinal dans la disponibilité sédimentaire de certaines plages à l'échelle pluri-annuelle.
A une échelle de temps plus courte (du cycle de marée à la semaine), les campagnes de mesures intensives ont permis de caractériser l'agitation en zone intertidale lors de conditions d'énergie variables et d'analyser l'influence de la marée sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle des processus hydrodynamiques. En effet, la transformation des vagues dans les petits fonds est à la fois impliquée dans la spatialisation des courants induits par les vagues (et donc dans l'orientation du transport sédimentaire) et dans la formation des corps sédimentaires (barres de swash, systèmes de croissants de plage) par la génération d'ondes secondaires.
Chahboun, Abderrahim. "Les formations sableuses fluviatiles, littorales et eoliennes aux embouchures des oueds tensift, ksob et souss (atlas-atlantique, maroc)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066131.
Full textOblinger, Arnaud. "Caractérisation morphodynamique des sites de Malo-les-Bains et de Calais Hoverport, Nord de la France : Spécificités de deux sites macrotidaux originaux du sud de la Mer du Nord." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0236.
Full textSeries of hydrodynamic and morphological readings have been carried out on the beaches of Malo-Les Bains and Calais Hoverport between 2004 and 2007. These readings have been backed up with monthly topometric surveys in order to understand the morphodynamic behaviour of two macrotidal beaches, which stand out in the area because of their relative stability despite an ever-rising sea level. Malo-Les Bains is heavily anthropised – it is set against a dam and is protected by a breakwater. The latter is responsible for ridges and runnels, which contrast with the rest of the area because of the smooth aspect of this morphology. Calais-Hoverport is a typical accreting beach. It has a vast sandy platform with convex ridges and runnels on the seaside and accreting dunes on the eastside. The hydrodynamic readings we carried out led to an analysis of swells and medium currents and how their behaviour was influenced by weather conditions. Like other local beaches, the prevailing easterly current may be forced to change to the opposite direction under certain weather conditions. However, we highlighted features that are specific to our two sites such as stronger currents and swelles behind the breakwater, especially with westerly currents, or, in the case of Calais-Hoverport, currents oscillating between West at the top and bottom of the tide and East the rest of the time. We have also tried to evaluate the theoretical speed of currents required to move sediments. Our calculations show that only longshore currents are able to generate such currents for a significant time. In Malo-Les Bains, these easterly currents, with a N to NW forcing might reach their maximal speed towards the W. The same forcing phenomenon occurs in Calais, where those currents can only head East. Various topometric readings enabled us to establish the morphological changes to the beach determined by the weather and swell. It appears that both the building up and destruction of ridges are linked to strong energy conditions
Simone, Yves Claude. "Le Géosystème Dunaire Anthropisé d'Essaouira-Est (Maroc atlantique) : Dynamique et Paléoenvironnements." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171576.
Full textJe mets en relief deux géofaciès structurants : un géofaciès dunaire et un géofaciès lagunaire présent dans la partie ouest au contact géosystème / espace urbain. Horizontalement, leur organisation spatiale prend la forme d'une mosaïque où ils s'interpénètrent. Et verticalement, le premier se superpose au second dont la lithomasse limono-argileuse constitue le substratum. Aussi, la partie supérieure de ce dernier forme une surface d'érosion décapée par l'alizé notamment dans le couloir de déflation principal. Cette déflation est mesurée et indique une ablation cumulée de sables et limons de 3 cm/an en moyenne depuis 50 ans. Mais l'efficacité de la dynamique éolienne est aussi démontrée par l'analyse diachronique de photographies aériennes, soulignant l'évolution considérable de la forme et de la répartition des dunes à la périphérie de la ville entre 1953 et 1984. De façon cohérente, l'index de mobilité de Lancaster M = 160 marque une instabilité élevée des versants et des sommets. La réalisation des assemblages de phytolithes actuels calibrés sur la végétation, permet de calculer les index du couvert arboré, de l'aridité édaphique et du climat (d/P = 0,5 ; Iph = 91 % et Ic = 27 %). Ces quantifications montrent le positionnement actuel vers l'aride et le chaud contraignant le géosystème à une mutation accélérée, d'autant plus que l'anthropisation récente exerce une pression élevée et crée des couloirs de déflation hiérarchisés.
Ma réflexion porte aussi sur l'étude du passé et des relations à l'environnement naturel. La présence humaine marque le site dès la fin du Néolithique et les rapports mutuels entre nature et sociétés sont jalonnés de crises depuis au moins cinq siècles. Alors que sur le plan morphoclimatique, j'observe un assèchement du climat à partir de 4 350 +/- 120 ans cal BP sur un carottage effectué dans le substratum limono-argileux dont les dépôts paléo-synsédimentaires continentaux sont liés à la régression océanique post-mellahienne.
Il apparaît clairement qu'une mutation si rapide du paysage autour d'Essaouira est principalement contrôlée ou incontrôlée par les activités humaines. Un petit « Sahara » s'est formé fonctionnant comme un désert brumeux particulier, unique dans le domaine macaronésien. J'en déduit, d'une part que des boucles de rétroaction (pouvant être récursives) liées au mode d'anthropisation et aux activités humaines se forment dans le géo-système et accroissent sa complexité ; d'autre part, que le paysage en transformation permanente n'est que la partie émergée du géo-système qui tend à assurer son autoconservation.
Debeauquesne, Diane. "Analyse des différentes formes sociales de pratiques physiques et sportives sur sable : Regard singulier sur quatre pratiques et leurs pratiquants : le beach volley, le beach tennis, le beach rugby et le char à voile." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05L003.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Caulet, Charles. "Les plages sableuses en environnement macro-tidal : de l'influence de la pente sur les processus morphodynamiques." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0079/document.
Full textThis PhD work is focused on the morphodynamic of a pocket beach, located in a macrotidal environment. The beach type is intermediate, with a low tide terrace. The study is based on in situ observations, collected during field campaigns organized during the PhD. The objective is to characterize the beach slope impact on hydrodynamics processes and beach morphology. The water levels dynamic, infragravity waves propagation and turbulence generation in the swash zone, are examined and linked to the beach slope variability.The empirical formulations proposed in the literature show large under-estimations of water levels in the site. Empirical formulations adapted to the beach are proposed.The characteristic break slope presents along the cross-shore profile of low tide terrace beaches is studied. The variability of the break slope location is relevant to explain the short term accommodation of the beach. Under incident wave energy, the location of the beach slope moves shoreward, allowing higher wave dissipation by the low tide terrace. Nevertheless, the reflective part is reduced, which leads to a vulnerable state of the upper beach under strong forcing associated with high tide. The location of the beach slope is found to be a good indicator of the beach vulnerability under a given wave forcing. It provides valuable information in the globalized beach erosion context
Bruneau, Nicolas. "Modélisation morphodynamique des plages sableuses." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13765/document.
Full textAlong many sandy environments as the Aquitanian Coast, waves and wave-induced currents play a key role on the beach morphodynamics. Within a socio-economic (human interventions, natural environment protection) and touristic (human safety) framework, understand the complex dynamics of these systems is a real scienti?c challenge these last decades. The development of an operational morphodynamical modeling platform was performed during this PhD thesis. The modeling strategy consists in coupling the spectral wave model SWAN (Delft Univer- sity of Technology) with the non-linear shallow water model MARS 2DH (Ifremer). The MARS model was initially designed to compute tide- and wind-induced currents. Thus, the wave processes and a sed- imentary unit were implemented inside MARS to compute morphological evolutions of wave-dominated sandy beached. The Biscarrosse-PréECORS ?eld experiment carried out in June 2007 at Biscarrosse Beach was used to validate our modeling platform for a large range of o?shore wave conditions. Results have proved the e?ciency and the robustness of our model to calculate wave-induced currents and circulations over alongshore non-uniformities. The strong tidal modulation of currents and the intense rip currents for low-energy conditions were highlighted. The morphodynamical modeling platform was also used to analyze the generation and the development of rhythmic three-dimensional morphologies for one- and double-barred systems. For double-barred en- vironments, the intense morphological coupling between the inner and outer bar was studied in the response of wave and tide forcing. We have highlighted the in?uence of the tide on the bar growth and showed the correlation between the growth and the wave dissipation over the bar. This thesis has succeeded in the development of a complete model for understanding the dynamics of sandy coastal environments
Dubarbier, Benjamin. "Modélisation numérique de l'évolution des profils de plages sableuses dominées par l'action de la houle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0365/document.
Full textSandbars are ubiquitous patterns along wave-dominated sandy coastlines and are key elementsin the global evolution of beaches. Cross-shore sandbar migrations are the result of the permanentimbalance between sediment flux driven by wave non-linearity and mean return current. In this thesis,we developed a new process-based beach profile model integrating the recent scientific advancesin term of hydrodynamics and sediment transport developed for beach morphodynamics. The lowcomputing time allows for long-term morphodynamic simulations (O months/years) of natural beachprofiles of diverse characteristics (beach slope, sediment grain size or type of wave breaking). Modelvalidations on several data sets, encompassing natural and experimental beach profile evolutions,highlight the respective contribution of the main hydrodynamic and sediment transport processesinvolved in specific cross-shore sandbar evolution relative to various wave conditions. Finally, all thecross-shore physical processes were integrated in a 2DH morphodynamic model, resulting for the firsttime in the simulation of a quasi-complete down state sequence showing alongshore bar generationwith subsequent spontaneous formation of transverse bar and rip morphology. These very encouragingresults pave the way for using this model to simulate 3-Dimensional evolutions of natural beachesforced by irregular wave conditions
Brunier, Guillaume. "Côtes sablo-vaseuses sous influence deltaïque de l'Amazone et du Mékong : dynamique morpho-sédimentaire, stabilité et aménagement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3112.
Full textThis thesis is a geomorphic study of two separate sites associated with two large deltas: the Amazon and the Mekong, with a focus on a beach and chenier in French Guiana integrated into the mud dispersal system of the Amazon, and on the links between destabilization of the Mekong delta shoreline and morpho-bathymetric changes in the deltaic channels under increasing human influence.The study of Montjoly beach in French Guiana was carried out using a combination of an innovative approach in SfM (Structure from Motion) airborne photogrammetry, hydrodynamic and bathymetric measurements, and wave propagation modelling over the nearshore bathymetry. The results show the strong potential of SfM photogrammetry in high-resolution morphometric and sediment budget surveys of sandy beach, and confirm a previously proposed model of beach rotation under mud-bank influence.The second field site in French Guiana, a retreating chenier over a muddy abandoned polder formerly a rice fields, work based on a multi-decadal analysis of satellite images combined with short-term field topographic and hydrodynamic measurements highlighted high rates of chenier migration (up to 160 m a year) and retreat mechanisms over the muddy substrate due to its rheology.A GIS-based analysis of bathymetric changes in the deltaic channels of the Mekong over a 10-year period (1998 to 2008) enabled the quantification of a net loss of 200 million m3 of sediments and an increase in the mean depth of the channels, which appears as unnatural and due to sand mining.These important sediment extractions have serious repercussions on sediment supply to the Mekong delta coast, which shows important rates of erosion