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Journal articles on the topic 'Littrow configuration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Wu, Chyan-Chyi, Chia-Huang Liao, Yan-Zou Chen, and Jhih-Sheng Yang. "Common-path laser encoder with Littrow configuration." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 193 (April 2013): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2012.12.035.

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2

Wu, Chyan-Chyi, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Ju-Yi Lee, and Yan-Zou Chen. "Heterodyne common-path grating interferometer with Littrow configuration." Optics Express 21, no. 11 (May 24, 2013): 13322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.013322.

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3

Kao, Ching-Fen, Sheng-Hua Lu, Hsin-Mao Shen, and Kuang-Chao Fan. "Diffractive Laser Encoder with a Grating in Littrow Configuration." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 47, no. 3 (March 14, 2008): 1833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.47.1833.

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4

Britzger, M., A. Khalaidovski, B. Hemb, E. B. Kley, F. Brückner, R. H. Rinkleff, K. Danzmann, and R. Schnabel. "External-cavity diode laser in second-order Littrow configuration." Optics Letters 37, no. 15 (July 20, 2012): 3117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.003117.

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5

Smith, M. S. D., and K. A. McGreer. "Diffraction gratings utilizing total internal reflection facets in Littrow configuration." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 11, no. 1 (January 1999): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.736401.

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6

Fan, Kuang-Chao, Bor-Cheng Lee, and Yi-Cheng Chung. "A Planar Laser Diffraction Encoder in Littrow Configuration for 2D Nanometric Positioning." International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5875/ausmt.v1i2.53.

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7

Britzger, Michael, Maximilian H. Wimmer, Alexander Khalaidovski, Daniel Friedrich, Stefanie Kroker, Frank Brückner, Ernst-Bernhard Kley, Andreas Tünnermann, Karsten Danzmann, and Roman Schnabel. "Michelson interferometer with diffractively-coupled arm resonators in second-order Littrow configuration." Optics Express 20, no. 23 (October 24, 2012): 25400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.025400.

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8

Hawthorn, C. J., K. P. Weber, and R. E. Scholten. "Littrow configuration tunable external cavity diode laser with fixed direction output beam." Review of Scientific Instruments 72, no. 12 (December 2001): 4477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419217.

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9

Burgh, Eric B., Matthew A. Bershady, Kyle B. Westfall, and Kenneth H. Nordsieck. "Recombination Ghosts in Littrow Configuration: Implications for Spectrographs Using Volume Phase Holographic Gratings." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 119, no. 859 (September 2007): 1069–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522058.

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10

Šiaudinytė, Lauryna, Gabor Molnar, Rainer Köning, and Jens Flügge. "Multi-dimensional grating interferometer based on fibre-fed measurement heads arranged in Littrow configuration." Measurement Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 054007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aaa8b4.

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11

Masui, Shuzo, Shuhei Goda, Shotaro Kadoya, Masaki Michihata, and Satoru Takahashi. "Grating periods measurement of multi-pitched grating using Littrow configuration external cavity diode laser." Applied Physics Express 14, no. 7 (June 10, 2021): 076501. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac04c1.

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12

Kappa, Jan, Klemens M. Schmitt, and Marco Rahm. "Electromagnetic behavior of spatial terahertz wave modulators based on reconfigurable micromirror gratings in Littrow configuration." Optics Express 25, no. 17 (August 17, 2017): 20850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.020850.

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13

Lu, Yancong, Chunlong Wei, Wei Jia, Shubin Li, Junjie Yu, Minkang Li, Changcheng Xiang, et al. "Two-degree-freedom displacement measurement based on a short period grating in symmetric Littrow configuration." Optics Communications 380 (December 2016): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.06.016.

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14

McDavid, David A. "A microcomputer controlled CCD H-alpha spectrometer." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 118 (1986): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900151915.

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A miniaturized spectrometer designed for mounting at the Cassegrain focus of a 40 cm telescope has been built and laboratory tested with promising results. The optical system consists of a slit, spherical mirror, and reflection grating in a Littrow configuration. The detector is a 128 element linear CCD cooled by an evacuated microminiature nitrogen refrigerator and interfaced to a microcomputer using direct memory access. Laboratory spectra of a mercury vapor discharge tube have been obtained and demonstrate 1 Angstrom resolution with low noise. The spectral coverage of about 100 Angstroms is suitable for measurement of stellar H-alpha line profiles, and it is anticipated that the instrument can be used to monitor bright Be stars.

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15

Xiong, Xin, Yuki Shimizu, Xiuguo Chen, Hiraku Matsukuma, and Wei Gao. "Uncertainty Evaluation for Measurements of Pitch Deviation and Out-of-Flatness of Planar Scale Gratings by a Fizeau Interferometer in Littrow Configuration." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 2539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122539.

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Form errors of a planar scale grating, such as pitch deviations and out-of-flatness, are major contributors to the final measurement uncertainty of an interferential scanning-type planar encoder. Following the previous work, in which a method has been proposed to evaluate both the out-of-flatness and the pitch deviations of a planar scale grating by a Fizeau interferometer in Littrow configuration, uncertainty analysis on this method is performed in this paper. Theoretical equations are derived to make quantitative uncertainty analysis while taking possible error factors into account. To overcome the drawbacks of a traditional uncertainty matrix approach, a new procedure is proposed to evaluate the uncertainty in the PV (peak-to-valley) deviation of a surface form, so as to assure the quality of measurement. Experiments are finally conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed uncertainty evaluation method.

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16

Kaminaka, Shoji, and Richard A. Mathies. "High-Throughput Large-Aperture Prism Prefilter for Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 3 (March 1998): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943707.

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For the acquisition of high-quality ultraviolet resonance Raman spectra of strongly scattering samples such as membrane protein suspensions, an f/3.5 Littrow prism prefilter has been designed, built, and characterized. This prefilter has a Czerny–Turner configuration, and its focal length is 25 cm. The apex angle of the dispersive prism (20°) was chosen to provide maximum performance in the 220 to 240 nm range. The prism prefilter significantly reduced stray background due to Rayleigh scattering and visible fluorescence, while maintaining a low dispersion of 1300 cm−1/mm at 253 nm as well as a large f/3.5 aperture. The sharpness of the transmission edge (at 242 nm, the T = 0% to 95% transition occurs in 1.3 nm) quantitates its effectiveness as a sharp-cut Rayleigh scattering filter. The total throughput of the prefilter is ∼60% at 235 nm and ∼50% at 632.8 nm. The utility of this prefilter is demonstrated by obtaining high signal-to-noise resonance Raman spectra of bacteriorhodopsin in a purple membrane suspension with 239.5 nm excitation.

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17

Shin, Dong Wook, Lue Quan, Yuki Shimizu, Hiraku Matsukuma, Yindi Cai, Eberhard Manske, and Wei Gao. "In-Situ Evaluation of the Pitch of a Reflective-Type Scale Grating by Using a Mode-Locked Femtosecond Laser." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 8028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178028.

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Major modifications are made to the setup and signal processing of the method of in-situ measurement of the pitch of a diffraction grating based on the angles of diffraction of the diffracted optical frequency comb laser emanated from the grating. In the method, the improvement of the uncertainty of in-situ pitch measurement can be expected since every mode in the diffracted optical frequency comb laser can be utilized. Instead of employing a Fabry-Pérot etalon for the separation of the neighboring modes in the group of the diffracted laser beams, the weight-of-mass method is introduced in the method to detect the light wavelength in the Littrow configuration. An attempt is also made to reduce the influence of the non-uniform spectrum of the optical comb laser employed in the setup through normalization operation. In addition, an optical alignment technique with the employment of a retroreflector is introduced for the precise alignment of optical components in the setup. Furthermore, a mathematical model of the pitch measurement by the proposed method is established, and theoretical analysis on the uncertainty of pitch measurement is carried out based on the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM).

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18

Lv, Qiang, Zhaowu Liu, Wei Wang, Xiaotian Li, Shuo Li, Ying Song, Hongzhu Yu, Bayanheshig, and Wenhao Li. "Simple and compact grating-based heterodyne interferometer with the Littrow configuration for high-accuracy and long-range measurement of two-dimensional displacement." Applied Optics 57, no. 31 (October 30, 2018): 9455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.57.009455.

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19

Tutt, James H., Randall L. McEntaffer, Hannah Marlowe, Drew M. Miles, Thomas J. Peterson, Casey T. DeRoo, Frank Scholze, and Christian Laubis. "Diffraction Efficiency Testing of Sinusoidal and Blazed Off-Plane Reflection Gratings." Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 05, no. 03 (September 2016): 1650009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251171716500094.

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Reflection gratings in the off-plane mount have the potential to enhance the performance of future high resolution soft X-ray spectrometers. Diffraction efficiency can be optimized through the use of blazed grating facets, achieving high-throughput on one side of zero-order. This paper presents the results from a comparison between a grating with a sinusoidally grooved profile and two gratings that have been blazed. The results show that the blaze does increase throughput to one side of zero-order; however, the total throughput of the sinusoidal gratings is greater than the blazed gratings, suggesting the method of manufacturing the blazed gratings does not produce precise facets. The blazed gratings were also tested in their Littrow and anti-Littrow configurations to quantify diffraction efficiency sensitivity to rotations about the grating normal. Only a small difference in the energy at which efficiency is maximized between the Littrow and anti-Littrow configurations is seen with a small shift in peak efficiency towards higher energies in the anti-Littrow case. This is due to a decrease in the effective blaze angle in the anti-Littrow mounting. This is supported by PCGrate-SX V6.1 modeling carried out for each blazed grating which predicts similar response trends in the Littrow and anti-Littrow orientations.

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20

Lorenzetti, Robert, Janet Williamson, Larry Hoffman, Tim Beck, and Frank Maguire. "A Case Study in large Scale Computer Human Interaction Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 16 (October 1988): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201610.

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The Reliability & Maintainability Information System (REMIS) is being developed by a team of Litton Computer Services, Tandem Computers, and SofTech under contract to the Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC) Logistics Management Support Center. Its purpose is to make accessible to AF managers worldwide, the data necessary to keep weapon systems combat ready in peace and sustain them in war. REMIS will modernize the collection and use of inventory, status, utilization, operational reliability, maintenance, configuration, mission capability, and awaiting parts data for aircraft, trainers, automatic test equipment, Communications-Electronics (C-E) equipment, and support equipment. The Government procurement request for REMIS envisioned the need for human engineering of the Human Computer Interface (HCI), but there were no requirements to deliver human factors analysis documentation nor to conduct any formal testing. The HCI design task was eventually assigned to an ad hoc team (Messrs. Lorenzetti, Beck, and Maguire) with no formal human engineering experience, and with severe time constraints. Design of a user-friendly system under these constraints (using available human factors data sources) proved to be a challenging exercise! This paper presents a description of the informal user surveys and qualitative evaluations that were used as a surrogate to the more formal approaches normally recommended. After the fact, the over 900 guidelines in Smith and Mosier were reviewed, with 75 found to be specifically applicable to REMIS. REMIS conformance to each of the 75 guidelines was then assessed. Although the REMIS design was evaluated as reasonably good, we concluded that specific human engineering requirements, schedule, budget, and documentation should be provided. The accessibility of human factors data supporting design should be substantially improved if better quality HCIs are to be assured.

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21

Chenhao Gao, Bo Wang, Chen Fu, Jimin Fang_, Kunhua Wen, Ziming Meng, Zhaogang Nie, et al. "Generation of three-port splitter by double-layer grating in second-order Littrow configuration." Optica Applicata 50, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37190/oa200210.

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In this paper, a novel double-layer three-port grating is described. The incident grating structure is in the second-order Littrow configuration. The grating region is composed of fused silica and Ta2O5. The designed grating beam splitter has high efficiency under TE polarization and TM polarization, respectively. The efficiency of two polarizations is more than 90%. In addition, compared with a single-layer three-port grating, this new beam splitter has good fabrication tolerance and incident bandwidth. Therefore, the optimized structure has a good application value.

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