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1
Rufino, Marcos Natal, Marney Pascoli Cereda, Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto, Alanderson Rodrigues da Silva, Gisele Braziliano de Andrade, and Heitor Miraglia Herrera. "Pathological effects of acetone cyanohydrin in swiss rats." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40, no. 5 (October 2016): 577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542016405049015.
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ABSTRACT Cassava has been widely used for animal and human nutrition. It has also been demonstrated to have antineoplastic and anthelmintic properties. Toxicity due to cassava consumption has been reported in ruminants and laboratory animals; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of acetone cyanohydrin, a metabolite of linamarin that is present in cassava, in Wistar rats. Six groups of five animals each were used to evaluate the toxic effects of acetone cyanohydrin administered at 25 (G1), 50 (G2), 75 (G3), 100 (G4) and 125 (G5) µmol/kg as a single oral dose. The control group received acidified water (pH 3.5). The animals were monitored after administration of acetone cyanohydrin, and clinical symptoms were recorded. Serum enzyme levels were measured to assess the kidney and liver function. During necropsy, tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination. After administration, some animals in the G2, G4, and G5 groups presented neurological symptoms such as convulsions, involuntary muscle contraction, staggering gait, motor coordination disability, prostration, and mydriasis. All of the animals in the G5 and four animals in the G4 group died seven minutes after the administration of acetone cyanohydrin. Animals in the other groups, particularly in G2, recovered from the acute phase. Biochemical analysis revealed hepatic lesions and liver dysfunction. Histopathology revealed severe lesions in both the liver and brain. In conclusion, acetone cyanohydrin has toxic effects in the liver, lung, and central nervous system in rats; however, at concentrations up to 25 µmol/kg, the animals could survive the acute phase.
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Luo, Q. J., and J. C. MacRae. "Nutritional and hormonal regulation of hepatic IGF-1 production in sheep and rats." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600025149.
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Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are closely related to the nutrition of animals and their rates of growth. The major site of IGF-1 production is thought to be the liver. Whilst growth hormone (GH) is thought to be the main regulator of IGF-1 production in farm animals, in laboratory rats, altering the GH status of the animal (without hyperphysectomy) has little influence on circulating IGF-1 levels. A series of studies have been conducted with primary cultured rat and sheep hepatocytes to investigate the influence of GH and nutrient availability on the production of IGF-1 by liver cells.
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Usmanova, Elza N., Anna S. Fazlyeva, Denis O. Karimov, Munira M. Ziatdinova, Rustem A. Daukaev, Nadezhda Yu Khusnutdinova, and Mihail V. Kurilov. "Toxicokinetics of aluminum in rats." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 9 (October 20, 2020): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-1007-1010.
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Introduction. Aluminum is one of the most common elements in nature that is potentially toxic to humans. Aluminum compounds are widely used in the aviation and food industries, metallurgy, electrical engineering, and medicine. Aluminum is capable of accumulating in the human body, which creates a risk for the development of severe diseases. Material and methods. Acute intoxication of aluminum hydroxide was simulated on white outbred rats weighing 170-220 g, divided into 8 groups (intact and 7 experimental). By the atomic absorption method, the concentrations of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and iron in the organs of laboratory animals (kidneys, liver, blood, and brain) were determined 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after intoxication. Results. The accumulation of aluminum was observed to a greater extent in the liver, kidneys, blood, to a lesser extent in the brain. Aluminum affects the homeostasis of essential elements, for example, in the experiment, a decrease in the content of calcium and magnesium in the organs of laboratory animals is observed. The seed level does not have a strong effect on the level of iron. At the end of the experiment, the concentration of aluminum in the liver, blood, and brain of rats remains higher than in the control group. Conclusion. Aluminum is capable of accumulating in vital organs and affecting the homeostasis of the essential elements of the body. The circulation of aluminum in the biological media of a living organism, like many processes, is undulating, and it can accumulate and diffuse for a long time in various organs of experimental animals.
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Farcich, E. A., and E. H. Morgan. "Diminished iron acquisition by cells and tissues of Belgrade laboratory rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): R220—R224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.2.r220.
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Iron uptake from transferrin by a variety of cells and tissues of homozygous Belgrade laboratory rats was compared with heterozygotes, and normal and iron-deficient Wistar rats. In all cases the results for homozygous Belgrade rats were lower than for the other animals. The maximal rate of iron uptake by fibroblasts cultured in vitro and iron passage to homozygous fetuses in utero was less than 60% of control values. In vivo studies of 15-day-old Belgrade rats revealed a defect in the homozygotes with reduced iron transfer to heart, liver, brain, and femurs. In addition, adult Belgrade laboratory rats had impaired intestinal iron absorption compared with the genetically normal animals. It is concluded that the defect in iron metabolism in the Belgrade laboratory rat is a ubiquitous one that affects transport of iron across membranes of many types of cells, resulting in low intracellular iron levels. This suggests that the genetic defect leads to a widely expressed abnormality in the structure and/or function of a membrane carrier for iron.
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Meyer, Tufi Neder, and Alcino Lázaro da Silva. "A SIMPLE EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF HEAT SHOCK RESPONSE IN RATS." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 13, no. 4 (October 1998): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86501998000400003.
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Objective: To obtain a simple model for the elicitation of the heat shock response in rats. Design: Laboratory study. Setting: University research laboratories. Sample: Seventy-nine adult male albino rats (weight range 200 g to 570 g). Procedures: Exposure to heat stress by heating animals in a warm bath for 5 min after their rectal temperatures reached 107.60 F (420 C). Liver and lung samples were collected for heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) detection (Western analysis). Results: Western analysis was positive for HSP70 in the liver and in the lungs of heated animals. There was a temporal correlation between heating and HSP70 detection: it was strongest 1 day after heating and reduced afterwards. No heated animals died. Conclusion: These data show that heating rats in a warm (45o C) bath, according to parameters set in this model, elicits efficiently the heat shock response.
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Klement'eva, O., O. Vlasova, D. Stepchenkov, K. Luneva, K. Ternovskaya, V. Petriev, E. Stepchenkova, et al. "Results of Preclinical Safety Tests of Radiopharmaceutical with 90Y for Intra-arterial Radioembolization of Liver Cancer." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 65, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-5-51-59.
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Purpose: Performing a safety study of a radiopharmaceutical drug with yttrium-90 for intra-arterial radioembolization of inoperable patients with primary and metastatic liver cancer.
Material and methods: The developed radiopharmaceutical is a microspheres of human blood albumin with a diameter of 25-40 microns, modified with diethylenetriaminpentaacetic acid and labeled with 90Y radionuclide. The safety of the radiopharmaceutical was studied by the following indicators: acute toxicity of lyophilized reagents, subchronic toxicity of the radiopharmaceutical on two types of animals, local irritant effect of the radiopharmaceutical therapeutic activity in equivalent terms on laboratory animals, specific toxicity (allergizing effect) of lyophilized reagents for the preparation of a radiopharmaceutical drug. Female and male BALB/C mice, Wistar rats, chinchilla rabbits, and albino Guinea pigs were taken as experimental animals. All animals were obtained from certified laboratory animal nurseries.
Results: During acute toxicity studies, the maximum safe dose of an inactive drug was determined. In terms of per person, it exceeds the intended dose for clinical use by almost 20 times. The study of the subchronic toxicity of the radiopharmaceutical did not reveal any symptoms of intoxication. The survival rate of the animals during the entire observation period was absolute. Standard behavior and appearance were observed in animals. The dynamics of body weight was positive, and the body temperature of rats and rabbits did not exceed the limits allowed. Samples of the finished dosage form of the drug did not have a local irritant effect. The solution of inactive components of lyophilized reagents for the preparation of a radiopharmaceutical drug did not have an allergenic effect in quantities ten times higher than the doses administered to a person.
Conclusion: According to the results of preclinical studies, the radiopharmaceutical should be considered safe for use. The results of preclinical studies allow us to recommend the drug for clinical research.
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Kuzminova, Elena, Marina Semenenko, Evgeny Dolgov, Serik Kanatbaev, and Andrey Abramov. "Pharmacological protection of the detoxification activity of animals’ liver with the help of phospholipid and polysaccharide nature substances complex." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017503002.
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Currently, among chemical pollutants a significant danger to the health of animals and humans represent oxygen-containing nitrogen compounds nitrates and nitrites, which are widely used as mineral fertilizers. The article presents data on the study of chronic nitrate intoxication, reproduced in laboratory animals and its pharmacological correction with a complex of substances of phospholipid and polysaccharide nature. The introduction of sodium nitrate to non-linear rats for 30 days at a dose of 3.8 mg per animal leads to the development of intoxication in rats with dominant signs of liver damage. On this background, the use of the complex of beet fiber and rapeseed lecithin leads to a weakening of nitrate toxicosis, which is demonstrated by an increase in rats’ body weight, weakening of the clinical manifestations of intoxication, a decrease in cytolytic syndrome, intrahepatic cholestasis and impaired protein synthesis function of liver.
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Harashchuk, M. I., L. M. Stepchenko, T. L. Spitsina, and V. R. Goryaniy. "Metabolism state in laboratory rats when using amaranth oil and Humilid." Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/2021.91005.
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The search for new natural non-toxic biologically active substances for animals used to correct and stimulate metabolic processes, and through it the ability to control the growth and animals’ productivity, the state of their natural resistance is the main task of the present. The paper presents study results on the effect of cold-pressed amaranth oil and biologically active additive of humic nature «Humilid» when used simultaneously on the general body condition, growth indicators of laboratory rats, morphofunctional and biochemical parameters of their blood. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: – to investigate how cold-pressed amaranth oil affects the metabolic processes in the body of laboratory rats; – to conduct research and analyze the effect of the cold-pressed amaranth oil and a humic nature biologically active substance «Humilid» simultaneous use on the indicators of their homeostasis. To accomplish the tasks, the following research methods were used: physiological, morpho-functional, and blood biochemical analysis in experimental laboratory rats. Sexually mature male white rats of 2 months age were used in the experiment. For the study, three groups of animals were formed. The experiment lasted four weeks, during which the animals of the first experimental group received daily, in addition to the main feed settled amaranth oil in the amount of 0.1 ml per rat, and free access to the drinking water. Rats of the second experimental group in addition to the main feed received settled amaranth oil in the amount of 0.1 ml, and free access to the drinking of 0.005% solution Humilid. It was found that the simultaneous use of cold-pressed amaranth oil and Humilid in laboratory rats had a positive effect on the state of erythron, erythrocytes count increased by an average of 28% (P < 0.001), hemoglobin concentration by 10% (P < 0.05). At the same time in animals the biosynthetic function of the liver improved, the total protein content in the blood significantly increased by 10% (P < 0.05), and the amount of albumin by 25% (P < 0.01). Energy processes in the body of experimental animals were increased, that pointed a decrease in blood glucose levels by 22% (P < 0.05). The obtained data obtained indicates that the simultaneous use of amaranth oil and Humilid had a positive effect on the state of homeostasis and metabolic processes in the body of laboratory rats. Thus for them synergistic action is noted.
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Varkholiak, I. S., and B. V. Gutyj. "Determination of acute toxicity of “Bendamin” drug in laboratory animals." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 92 (December 10, 2018): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9243.
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The study of acute toxicity is a mandatory stage in the investigation of new drugs, which allows assessing the health of substances for health in the short-term and determining the class of toxicity and breadth of therapeutic action. Therefore, at the first stage of the study, the acute toxicity of Bendamin Cardiomatography was studied, in particular the determination of maximum tolerant, toxic and intermittent lethal doses for laboratory animals. The acute toxicity of Bendamin was determined in two stages: indicative and expanded experiments. In the indicative trial, the drug was administered intragastrically at doses of 50, 500 and 5000 mg/kg body weight. Three white mice and rats were used for each dose. In an expanded experiment, Bendamin was administered intragastrically at doses of 5000 and 10000 mg/kg body weight. In determining the acute toxicity of Bendamin, the DL50 value could not be determined, indicating a low toxicity of the test substance. Thus, the DL50 drug for intragastric administration to white mice is greater than 5000 mg/kg m. The general condition of animals in the studied groups did not differ from the state of intact animals: coordination of movements and skeletal muscle tone, pain response, tactile and acoustic stimuli were adequate, the frequency of breathing and the rhythm of heart rate were within the normal range. At administration of the preparation in a dose of 5000 mg/kg m. T, an insignificant inhibition was established, which is related to the introduction of a large amount of the drug. In determining the coefficients of the mass of the internal organs of laboratory animals, a slight decrease in the weight coefficient of the liver was found in both mice and in rats. The “Bendamin” drug when administered to white mice and rats in the stomach in the maximum amount does not cause symptoms of poisoning and behavioral abnormalities. According to GOST 12.1.007-76, Bendamin, for intragastric administration, according to the degree of hazard belongs to grade 4 toxicity – low toxicity substances (DL50 more than 10000 mg/kg body weight). In the future, it is planned to investigate the chronic toxicity and cumulative properties of the drug in laboratory animals.
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Southon, Susan, G. Livesey, Jennifer M. Gee, and I. T. Johnson. "Differences in intestinal protein synthesis and cellular proliferation in well-nourished rats consuming conventional laboratory diets." British Journal of Nutrition 53, no. 1 (January 1985): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850013.
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1. Male Wistar rats (100 g) were given a commercial pellet feed or a semi-synthetic diet ad lib. Although the pellet-fed group grew slightly faster than the other group during the early part of the feeding period, there was no significant difference between the final weights of the groups.2. The fractional rates of protein synthesis in jejunum, proximal ileum and liver were measured by a technique based on the determination of L-[4−3H]phenylalanine incorporation over a short time period. Protein synthesis was higher in both jejunum and ileum of the pellet-fed rats compared with those eating the semi-synthetic diet, but there was no difference between the rates of protein synthesis measured in the livers of the groups.3. The rate of mucosal cell division was significantly faster in the ileal mucosa of the pellet-fed group compared with the other group, and there were significant differences in some aspects of mucosal morphology.4. The maintenance of higher rates of cell turnover and protein synthesis in animals given commercial pellet feed is unexplained, but it may be related to the presence of non-absorbable polysaccharides or other complex plant materials in the pellet feed.
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Kobayashi, Naoya, Masahiro Ito, Junta Nakamura, Jin Cai, James M. Hammel, and Ira J. Fox. "Treatment of Carbon Tetrachloride and Phenobarbital-Induced Chronic Liver Failure with Intrasplenic Hepatocyte Transplantation." Cell Transplantation 9, no. 5 (September 2000): 671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368970000900512.
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Hepatocyte transplantation (HTx) has been shown to improve the survival of laboratory animals with experimentally induced acute liver failure and to ameliorate the physiologic abnormalities associated with liver-based metabolic deficiencies. However, the role of HTx in the treatment of liver cirrhosis (LC) has not been adequately studied. In order to address this issue, HTx was performed in rats following induction of stable LC using phenobarbital (PhB) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Intrasplenic transplantation of 50 × 106 primary hepatocytes could significantly improve liver functions and prolong the survival of rats with irreversible, decompensated LC.
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Sandbichler, P., R. Erhart, P. Herbst, W. Vogel, M. Herold, O. Dietze, Th Schmid, G. Klima, and R. Margreiter. "Hepatocellular Transplantation into the Lung in Chronic Liver Failure following Bile Duct Obstruction in the Rat." Cell Transplantation 3, no. 5 (September 1994): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979400300507.
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Injection of hepatocytes or cell-free supernatant into the lung was able to prevent death from surgically induced fulminant hepatic failure in the rat in over 90% and 53% of subjects, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this technique can be applied in chronic liver failure. Chronic liver failure was induced in Lewis rats by ligation and transection of the common bile duct, which led to cirrhosis after 3-5 wk in all animals. Four groups of animals were formed: group 1 (n = 5), normal rats, serving as control; group 2 (n = 15), cirrhotic rats, no further treatment; group 3 (n = 14), hepatocyte transplantation by injection of cell suspension transcutaneously into the right lung of cirrhotic animals four wk after bile duct ligation; group 4 (n = 17), injection of 1 mL cell-free supernatant intravenously at two-day intervals, starting 4 wk after ligation. Liver function tests, prothrombin time and serum protein levels were measured weekly before and every two days after transplantation. In group 2 all animals had died 56 (49-69) days after ligation. Survival in groups 3 and 4 was similar: all rats had died from liver failure 61 (51-72) and 60 (49-76) days following bile duct ligation. Survival rates and laboratory investigations showed no significant differences between treated and untreated cirrhotic animals. These data suggest that hepatocyte transplantation into the lung as well as supernatant injection do not have any significant effect on chronic hepatic failure, at least in the rat model.
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Ushakova, Yu V., G. E. Rysmukhambetova, I. V. Ziruk, V. V. Frolov, and K. A. Grandonyan. "Establishing the safeness of gluten-free nourishment for laboratory animals." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022203013.
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The experiment was carried out on lab rats which had been given the gluten free nutriment in the conditions of the veterinary clinic of «Saratov State Vavilov Agrarian University». During the research, the morphological and biochemical blood analysis’ results were studied. Laboratory rats’ condition was under daily clinical monitoring as well as their weight. According to the data collected, no external signs of intoxication and death of the rats had been found during the experiment. All rats were active. The concentration of hemoglobin in the experimental group has increased by 14.33g per liter compared to the control group. Therefore, the use of gluten-free nourishment for animals does not have a negative effect on the homeostasis of the organism, which implies the safeness of a gluten-free diet.
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Zhdanov, K. V., A. V. Saulevich, K. V. Kozlov, S. M. Zakharenko, V. S. Sukachev, V. E. Karev, Yu F. Zakharkiv, et al. "The use of bicyclol in the treatment of severe liver fibrosis: experimental rationale." Journal Infectology 12, no. 5 (January 21, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-5-93-100.
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Aim. To evaluate the antifibrotic effect of bicyclol with promising clinical effects on diffuse parenchymal liver diseases.Materials and methods: We have included 40 adult male Wistar rats (weight, 180 to 200g) with experimentally inducted toxic F3 stage liver fibrosis. Control group consisted of 16 rats that received standart chow, experimental group of 24 rats also received 30-day bicyclol supply. To evaluate the results we used histological, biochemical, molecular genetic and statistical methods.Results. In experimental group interlobular fibrosis was maintained in 4,16% (p<0,001) of cases after the end of the therapy, stromal fibrosis of portal tracts was observed in 62,5% (p<0,001) of cases. Periportal fibrosis detection rate in experimental group was 66,7% (p<0,001). Rats from experimental group showed regression of liver fibrosis to F1- F2 stage in 16,6% (METAVIR) whereas control group had F3 stage liver fibrosis in 62,5% (p <0,05). Statistically significant increase in ALT activity and decreased total protein levels in control group were observed. No changes in gut microbiome profile in experimental animals were found.Conclusion. Use of bicyclol led to pronounced suppression of liver fibrotic changes in laboratory animals and temporary decreased serum ALT level. Our study showed no link between therapeutic effects of the drug and gut microbiome status.
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Bojková, B., M. Marková, E. Ahlersová, I. Ahlers, E. Adámeková, P. Kubatka, and M. Kassayová. "Metabolic Effects of Prolonged Melatonin Administration and Short-Term Fasting in Laboratory Rats." Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, no. 1 (2006): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675010021.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of prolonged administration of the pineal hormone melatonin and short-term fasting on metabolic variables in male and female Wistar:Han rats. Melatonin (MEL, 4 μg/ml of tap water) was administered daily since the 5th week of age. The control group drank tap water. Rats were fed a standard type of diet ad libitum and were kept in the light regimen L:D - 12:12 h. The experiment was terminated after 11 (variant B) or 12 (variant A) weeks of MEL administration. The animals were sacrificed by quick decapitation following overnight fasting (variant A) or 48-h fasting (variant B). Selected organs and tissues were removed and weighed and selected metabolic variables in the serum and tissues were determined. MEL decreased body mass independent of food and water intake in both sexes. In males (variant A) MEL increased the weight of the heart muscle, spleen and adrenals; it decreased the absolute weight of epididymal fat and increased serum corticosterone and phospholipids concentration in comparison with controls. In females, serum glucose decrease and liver triacylglycerols increase were found. After 48-h fasting (variant B) liver, spleen and adrenal weight increase in MELdrinking females was found. In males MEL increased the thymus weight and decreased the epididymal fat weight. In both sexes MEL increased serum corticosterone and liver glycogen concentration; MEL increased serum glucose in males and serum cholesterol concentration in females. Changes in the evaluated variables were also related to fasting duration prior to decapitation. A 48-h fasting at the end of the prolonged MEL intake (variant B vs. A) decreased the absolute liver weight in both sexes and the epididymal/periovarial fat weight, and increased thymus weight in males. In females it decreased the absolute heart muscle weight and increased the spleen weight. In males, 48-h fasting increased serum corticosterone and phospholipids concentration; it decreased the liver triacylglycerols content in females and the liver cholesterol content in males and females. In both sexes 48-h fasting increased glucose concentration in the serum and glycogen concentration in the liver and heart muscle as well as triacylglycerols and cholesterol concentration in the serum, phospholipids concentration in the liver and bone marrow and decreased malondialdehyde concentration in the liver. Forty-eight hour fasting after prolonged MEL administration resulted in a wider range of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism alterations of young rats of both sexes.
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Mituletu, Mihai, Marioara Nicoleta Filimon, Daliborca Cristiana Vlad, Adinela Cimporescu, Eugenia Dumitrescu, Gabi Dumitrescu, Cristian Nica, Adrian Sinitean, and Doina Verdes. "Effect of Lead Toxicity on the Structure and Function of Organs in Rats." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 5 (June 15, 2019): 1639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.5.7184.
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Acute and chronic exposure to lead induces oxidative damage and morphologic and physiological changes in tissues and organs. The aims of this study were to determine the concentration of heavy metals like Zn, Al, Li, Cu and Pb in different organs and to identify histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys of laboratory animals in case of chronic lead intoxication. In most cases, the heavy metal concentrations analyzed in the control group organs are significantly lower than the values determined in the organs in the experimental groups. High Pb concentration caused increased liver and kidney damage.
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Popov, K. A., I. Y. Tsymbalyuk, R. I. Sepiashvili, I. M. Bykov, E. S. Ustinova, and M. I. Bykov. "Optimum marker selection of acute liver damage in rats in the experiment." RUDN Journal of Medicine 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2020-24-4-293-303.
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Relevance. Assessment of liver damage and functional state is one of the leading tasks of clinical and laboratory diagnostics. Traditionally used methods for determining the activity of a number of indicator enzymes in blood with relative organ-specificity, such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and -glutamyl transferase, have low specificity for liver diseases. In this regard, the determination of the optimal marker of acute liver injury is an urgent problem. Aim. The purpose of the study is to determine the dynamics of changes in liver damage markers in rats at different periods of reperfusion after 20 minutes of ischemia in order to select the indicators that most informatively characterize the state of test-animals under conditions of correction of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome. Materials and methods: the study was performed on 120 white nonlinear male rats weighing 200250 grams. The animals were divided into 8 groups of 15 test-animals; all of them were simulated liver ischemia by clamping the analog of the hepatoduodenal ligament with a vascular clamp for 20 minutes. Then, blood was taken from different groups of rats at different reperfusion times 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 minutes, 8 hours and a day. In the blood plasma of laboratory animals, the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione transferase (GST), and lactate concentration were determined. Results: the results obtained allowed us to characterize two main peaks of indicators: a 5-minute period after restoration of blood flow the maximum activity of glutathione transferase and lactate concentration, increased by 3.94.7 times; 60180 minutes of reperfusion is the peak of aminotransferase activity, a significant increase in the activity of which begins 60 minutes after the restoration of blood flow and reaches its maximum by the 3rd hour of reperfusion, and LDH, the peak of which is recorded already by the 60th minute of revascularization. At the same time, after 8 hours of reperfusion, an obvious tendency for a decrease in all studied parameters was determined, which ends a day after modeling ischemia with a decrease to the level of control values. Conclusion: the assessment of organ damage in the ischemic period and the anti-ischemic effect of metabolic drugs can be carried out with the determination of an increase in lactate concentration and glutathione transferase activity almost immediately after restoration of blood flow. The development of injuries during the reperfusion period is more expedient to assess by determining AST, ALT and LDH after a 3-hour period of blood flow restoration, at which time the maximum values of markers are recorded under the condition of 20-minute total liver ischemia.
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Makarenko, O. A., T. V. Hladkyi, A. V. Maikova, and T. V. Mohylevska. "ПОВЕДІНКОВА АКТИВНІСТЬ ЩУРІВ І РІВЕНЬ ЕНДОТОКСИКОЗУ МОЗКУ НА ТЛІ ГІДРАЗИНОВОГО ГЕПАТИТУ." Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 76, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.19.2.13.
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Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent complication and manifestation of liver diseases, and a consequence of liver failure.
Our research aims at studying behavioral and emotional activity, as well as identification of the degree of endotoxicosis of brain tissues of rats at the background of modelling in them of toxic chronic hydrazine hepatitis.
The research was carried out at the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of Odessa National Mechnykov University on laboratory male rats, aged 8-10 months. The animals were divided into 2 groups, 6 animals in each, control (intact animals) and experimental (formation of a model of toxic hydrazine hepatitis) ones.
The functional state of the brain of rats was evaluated by studying the behavioral and emotional activities of animals with the methods of "Open field" and "T- shaped labyrinth".
In brain homogenates, the activity of a number of enzymes was determined, which could indicate the cause of changes in the functioning of the nervous system: the activity of lysozyme, urease, elastase, catalase, the content of malondialdehyde.
It was discovered that formation of toxic hepatitis in rats is accompanied by inhibition of orientation and behavioural activity – on 50-70 %, exploratory – on 40-60 % and emotional – on 30 % in “open field” test, considerable aggravation of dynamics of rate and quality of learning problem solving in T-shaped labyrinth.
Modeling of hepatitis in rats led to the decrease in lysozyme activity by 22.1%, catalase activity by 30.8%, detection of urease activity in the brain, as well as an increase in elastase activity by 44.6% and malondialdehyde content by 21.5%.в At the background of hepatitis in homogenates of brain tissues urease activity has been detected, activity of inflammation markers and enzymes-destructors increases, with activity of indices of antioxidant brain system decreasing.
Change of behavioural activity of rats at the background of toxic hepatitis is caused by the development of endotoxicosis, which results from impairment of the function of liver detoxification.
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Батагова, Fatima Batagova, Албегова, and Zhanna Albegova. "The spectrum of the biological activity of the stabilized aqueous extract from the liver of barbed shark (Squalus Acanthias)." Vladikavkaz Medico-Biological Bulletin 21, no. 31 (January 1, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17254.
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The paper provides the review of the research results of the biological activity of the preparation of the animal origin – a stabilized water extract from the liver of barbed shark (Squalusacanthias) spiny dogfish. The investigations conducted on a large number of laboratory animals (580 rats, 200 mice) allow us to conclude the presence in the extract the wide variety of pharmacologically important properties: antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-carcinogenic, gematoproteсtive, adjuvant, as well as several others. However it is necessary to test the further clinical investigations of this preparation.
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Erlintan Sinaga, Syafruddin Ilyas, and Panal Sitorus. "Efect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Sauraunia vulcani Korth on Lymphocyte and IL-In Immunized Rats." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v1i3.48.
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Ethanolic leaf extract of Saurauia vulcani Korthor pirdot in Indonesia was evaluated to improve the number of erythrocytes in laboratory rats after being immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). This study was conducted in an experimental manner using a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications. The tested animals were 24 rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained in the laboratory. The experimental designs were designated as follows: G0as a control group treatedwith regular animal feed,G1 was treatedwith 0.1 mLSRBC, G2was treated with 500 mg ethanolic leaf extract of Saurauia (EES)/kg body weight (BW), G3 was treated with 500 EES/kg BW and 0.1 mL SRBC. The immunological effect was monitored by analyzing the level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) using ELISA, lymphocytes using ABX Microx 60, and liver histopathology. The results showed that lymphocyte levels was increased in G2 and G3 but not significant to G0. The IL-2 level in G1 was recorded the highest among groups due to the treatment using SRBC. The percentage of necrotic cells in G1was 5.8%, followed by G3 with 2.3%. The morphologies of liver histology were normal, parenchymatous and hydropic degenerations, and necrosis. The phytochemical constituents in ethanolic leaf extract of S. vulcanipossessed an immunological effect through the increased lymphocytes, reduction of IL-2, and protection through normal liver histopathology in rats.
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Todoriuk, V., V. Hunchak, D. Gufrij, B. Gutyj, I. Hariv, R. Khomyk, R. Vasiv, et al. "Дослідження гострої та хронічної токсичності експериментального препарату «Феросел Т»." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 73 (January 13, 2017): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7322.
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In the article the brought results over of sharp and chronic toxicness of new preparation dextran of iron «Ferosel Т», that in the composition contains Iron and Selenium. It was set that preparation of «Ferosel Т» in prophylactic and therapeutic doses and in a dose in 3 times of any more than therapeutic, at peroral introduction a 3 twenty-four hours in succession did not show a toxic action laboratory rats. At the terms of hypodermic introduction of preparation the death of white rats it was not, it is only set brief oppression of laboratory animals, animals preparations were given that in a dose 10 ml/kg. It is set that in prophylactic and optimal therapeutic doses preparation did not influence on the detoxication function of liver. For rats, what was entered Ferosel T in maximal therapeutic and maybe toxic doses, duration of a dream from Hexenalum was on 32 and 35 percents more relation than control sizes. The toxicness of Ferosel Т was also studied on the indexes of irritating action(after dermic test and testis on conjunctiva), action of allergy (a method of applique on a skin) and determined the coefficients of mass of internalss at great while of introduction of preparation. For animals Ferosel Т was entered that in a dose 10 ml/kg during a 21 twenty-four hours, motive activity some went down. Research of emotional and behavior reactions of laboratory animals after introduction of Ferosel Т during a 21 twenty-four hours in therapeutic and maximally therapeutic doses did not show substantial influence on the nervous system. On the indexes of hyperemia and edema of skin and thickness of skin fold of Ferosel Т in prophylactic and therapeutic doses at an applique on the skin of crawls did not cause a local irritating action. Separate injection of preparation of «Ferosel Т» for 0,1 ml did not cause the filling out reaction of paws guinea-pigs. As a result of undertaken studies it is not educed allergen properties at preparation of «Ferosel Т». For laboratory rats, Ferosel Т was entered that in a prophylactic dose it is not set reliable changes of coefficients of mass of heart, liver, spleen and kidneys. For rats Ferosel Т was entered that in an optimal therapeutic dose, in comparing to control mass of spleen and liver was accordingly on 10.3 and 6.4% anymore. At introduction of Ferosel Т to the maximally therapeutic dose mass of spleen and liver was accordingly on 14.0 and 15.0% anymore. The got results of researches specify that preparation of Ferosel Т is safe at application for a prophylaxis and treatment of animals.
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Coutinho, Tâmara Rúbia Cavalcante Guimarães, Osvaldo Malafaia, Orlando Jorge Martins Torres, Jurandir Marcondes Ribas Filho, Alvaro Fonseca Kaminski, Igor Furlan Cella, and Leandro Bressianini Jurkonis. "Comparison between electrocautery and fibrin selant after hepatectomy in rats." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 41, no. 3 (June 2014): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912014000300011.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare between electrocautery and fibrin sealant hemostasis in rats after partial hepatectomy. METHODS: we used 24 Wistar rats, which were submitted to 30% hepatic resection, divided into two groups of 12 animals each: Group Electrocautery and Group Tachosil(r). These animals were evaluated after three and 14 days. We assessed the presence of complications, laboratory tests and histological exam of the recovered liver. RESULTS: the presence of abscess was more prevalent in the electrocautery group. The observed adhesions were more pronounced in the electrocautery group, both in frequency and in intensity, after three and 14 days. There were no deaths in either group. As for laboratory analysis, after three days the hematocrit was lower in the TachoSil(r) Group. The elevation of AST and ALT were more pronounced in the electrocautery group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004) in three days. Histological analysis of specimens collected on the third day after surgery showed similar results in both groups for the presence of polymorphonuclear cells, whereas mononuclear was more evident in the TachoSil(r) group. We also observed that angiogenesis, although present in both groups, was more pronounced in the TachoSil(r) group (p = 0.030). However, on the 14th day angiogenesis was more pronounced in the electrocautery group, but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: hemostasis achieved by the groups was similar; however, the use of electrocautery was associated with infections, adhesions at higher grades and elevated liver enzymes.
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Castelhano-Carlos, Magda J., Vera Baumans, and Nuno Sousa. "PhenoWorld: addressing animal welfare in a new paradigm to house and assess rat behaviour." Laboratory Animals 51, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677216638642.
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The use of animals is essential in biomedical research. The laboratory environment where the animals are housed has a major impact on them throughout their lives and influences the outcome of animal experiments. Therefore, there has been an increased effort in the refinement of laboratory housing conditions which is explicitly reflected in international regulations and recommendations. Since housing conditions affect behaviour and brain function as well as well-being, the validation of an animal model or paradigm to study the brain and central nervous system disorders is not complete without an evaluation of its implication on animal welfare. Here we discuss several aspects of animal welfare, comparing groups of six rats living in the PhenoWorld (PhW), a recently developed and validated paradigm for studying rodent behaviour, with standard-housed animals (in cages of six rats or pair-housed). In this study we present new data on home-cage behaviour showing that PhW animals have a clearer circadian pattern of sleep and social interaction. We conclude that, by promoting good basic health and functioning, together with the performance of natural behaviours, and maintaining animals’ control over some of their environment but still keeping some physical and social challenges, the PhW stimulates positive affective states and higher motivation in rats, which might contribute to an increased welfare for animals living in the PhW.
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Dimitrov, Petar, Konstantin Simeonov, Katerina Todorova, Zina Ivanova, Reneta Toshkova, Evelina Shikova, and Russy Russev. "Pathological Features of Experimental Bovine Leukaemia Viral (BLV) Infection in Rats and Rabbits." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10213-012-0021-5.
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Abstract Rabbits and rats were inoculated with material derived from FLK cells producing permanently bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The viral presence in the inoculum was proved by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunogold labelling demonstrating viral Tax protein, and PCR analysis. About 30 % of the infected animals sustained BLV seropositivity during the experiment, and demonstrated symptoms of lympholeukaemia - clinical manifestation of an immunosuppressive condition, increased number of lymphocytes and lymphoblasts, and preneoplastic lymphoid cell accumulations in the liver, lungs, kidneys, and lymph nodes. BLV DNA, detected by PCR in diseased animals, indicates the role of BLV as an aetiological factor of lympholeukaemia, developed in these animals after BLV infection. The alterations in rats were more pronounced than those in rabbits. The results prove that these two species of laboratory animals, especially rats, are suitable models for the in vivo studies of leukaemogenesis caused by BLV/HTLV infections.
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Riet-Correa, Franklin, Silvana L. Górniak, Mitsue Haraguchi, and Maria Lúcia Z. Dagli. "Histological changes caused by experimental Riedeliella graciliflora (Leg. Papilionoideae) poisoning in cattle and laboratory animals." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 21, no. 1 (March 2001): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2001000100003.
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Tissues from cattle, mice, rats and guinea pigs experimentally intoxicated by Riedeliella graciliflora were studied histologically. Cattle lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer patches and peribronchial lymphoid tissues had diffuse necrosis of lymphocytes, mainly in the germinal centers of the follicles. This lesion was less severe in laboratory animals. All species had severe enteritis with infiltration of the lamina propria by mononuclear cells. Some cells in this infiltrate were necrotic. Degeneration and necrosis of the epithelial cells, mainly in the tip of the villi, and detachment of the epithelial lining from the lamina propria were also observed. In the liver the trabecular structure was disrupted and the hepatocytes had some degree of individual necrosis and degeneration. A tubular nephrosis was observed in the kidneys. Liver, lung, kidney, intestine and lymph nodes had different degrees of congestion. Those lesions are similar than those caused by Polygala klotzschii, a plant that contains 5-metoxi-podophyllotoxin.
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Eric, E. U., V. E. Boloya, and A. E. Osuamkpe. "Aggravation of Aluminum Phosphide Induced Liver Damage and Hematotoxicity in Adult Wistar Rat: The Role of Allium Sativum." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2021.2.2.176.
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Objectives: To investigate the ameliorative effect of garlic extract on Aluminum Phosphide induced toxicity on the liver and kidney of adult Wistar rats.
Materials: Thirty six (36) male adult Wistar rats weighing 180±20 – 250±30 g were purchased from Dantom Farms, Swali, Bayelsa State and moved to the animal house of the department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University. The animals were assigned into six (6) major groups with six (6) animals in each group after the period of acclimatization: Animals in Group A (Control): received pelleted growers mash (feed) and water. Group B (Positive Control received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide only. Group C: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 250 g of garlic extract. Group D: received 0.014 mg of Aluminum Phosphide and 500 mg of garlic extract. Group E: received 500 mg of garlic extract, Group F: received 0.6 ml of oil at the end of the treatment, the liver and the kidney of each sacrificed rat were processed for paraffin sectioning and stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin.
Result: Photomicrograph of the liver of animals in Groups B, C and D show central venous congestion, degeneration, hemorrhage, sinusoidal dilation, bile stasis, centrilobular necrosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cells and fat infiltration which are features of hepatic injury also photomicrograph of the kidney of animals in Groups B, C and D shows membranous defect, contracted glomeruli with marked presence of mesangial cells, areas of tubular necrosis with mesangial cells proliferation. while the other groups (Group A, E, F) did not show any histological change in comparison with control.
Conclusion: The present study proves that the oral ingestion of Aluminum Phosphide induces hepatotoxicity and inflammation of the liver and kidney. It also shows that the use of garlic at various concentrations (250 mg/l and 500 mg/l) aggravates the tissue damage even more, and also garlic extract does not have ameliorative effect on aluminum phosphide toxicity on the liver and kidney of albino wistar rats.
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Miranda, Ariney Costa de, Paulo Engler Pinto Jr., Sidney Resende Ribeiro, Samson Henrique Bromberg, Fábio Pinatel Lopasso, and Kiyoshi Irya. "Massive intestinal resection in rats fed up on glutamine: hepatic glycogen content valuation." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 43, no. 1 (March 2006): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032006000100014.
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BACKGROUND: Glutamine has been widely used in treatment of small bowel syndrome and its metabolic effects on the small intestine are well known, however, it has been little studied its effects on hepatic metabolism under this condition. AIM: To verify through experimental model, a glutamine based supplemental diet, administered via oral to rats submitted to massive intestinal resection, evaluating weight evolution and hepatic glycogen content. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male rats, Wistar, were allocated into three groups to undergo enterectomy. Following diets were applied: with glutamine (G group), without glutamine (NG group), and standard diet from the laboratory (R group). All animals had massive small intestine resection including ileocecal valve removal. After 20 days, all animals were sacrificed. The liver was removed to histological analysis by light microscopy. Slides were stained by periodic acid of Schiff with diastasis. RESULTS: All animals lost weight from the beginning to the end of experiment. Comparing weight loss average expressed in percentage, there was no difference statistically significant on this variance. In analyzed groups, the hepatic glycogen content did not differ statistically, in the histological method evaluated. CONCLUSION: Glutamine feeding via oral did not influence weight loss reduction of animal submitted to massive intestinal resection and did not stimulate glycogen synthesis and storage into hepatocytes.
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Hawkins, K. L., R. V. Lloyd, and K. A. Toy. "Immunohistochemical Localization of Chromogranin A in Normal Tissues from Laboratory Animals." Veterinary Pathology 26, no. 6 (November 1989): 488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098588902600605.
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To analyze the distribution of Chromogranin A in endocrine cells of various species of laboratory animals (dog, gerbil, guinea pig, hamster, monkey, mouse, and fetal, neonatal, and adult rats), normal tissues were stained immunohistochemically with polyclonal anti-bovine Chromogranin A antiserum (SP-1). Selected tissues (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, brain, peripheral nerve, stomach, small and large intestine, bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph node, and liver) from these species and from the rabbit were stained with two monoclonal anti-human Chromogranin A antibodies (LK2H10 and PHE5) to compare the immunoreactivities of the monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antiserum. Staining with the polyclonal antiserum (SP-1) resulted in a broader spectrum of immunoreactivity but had more nonspecific background staining than either monoclonal antibody. Immunoreactivity and staining intensity with SP-1 varied between species, but most endocrine tissues (pituitary cells in the anterior and intermediate lobes, thyroid “C” cells, adrenal medulla, parathyroid, pancreatic islets, and enterochromaffin cells) from most species stained positively. In some species, pancreatic alpha cells stained more intensely, and two populations of adrenal medullary cells with different staining intensities were observed. Sciatic nerve (axonal area) was immunoreactive with monoclonal antibodies and/or the polyclonal antiserum in several species. The spectrum of immunoreactive tissues from fetal and neonatal rats increased with age. There was good cross-reactivity between species with SP-1, but not with either LK2H10 or PHE5. These results indicate that many endocrine cells with secretory granules in laboratory animals express Chromogranin A and that a polyclonal antiserum, such as SP-1, is more sensitive in detecting this protein in various species than monoclonal antibodies such as LK2H10 or PHE5.
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Adedapo, Adeolu A., Sunday O. Ofuegbe, and Abiodun A. Adeyemi. "The anti-diabetic activities of the methanol leaf extract of Phyllanthus amarus in some laboratory animals." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.6992.
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Background: Phyllanthus amarus is used in Nigeria and other parts of the world as a medicinal plant. Aim and objective: The plant is being evaluated for antidiabetic potential because diabetes mellitus has assumed a worldwide dimension and plant with safe potential are being deployed as they are available all year round and are cheap for use by the rural populace. Materials and Methods: The antidiabetic effect of the methanol extract (ME) of Phyllanthus amarus was evaluated in rats. Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for this plant extract. The anti-diabetic activities of the ME of the plant were assessed using some standard tests as well as histological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using alloxan while glibenclamide at 0.2mg/kg was the reference drug used in this study. Results: The ME at 200 and 400mg/kg body weight caused a significant reduction of fasting blood glucose, significant change in the oral glucose tolerance test, marked effect in the hypoglycaemic activity test and pronounced reduction on the glucose level of diabetic rats. Histopathologically, there was no visible lesion seen in the liver, kidney and pancreas of extract-treated and glibenclamide-treated groups. Conclusion: This study may have validated the traditional basis for the use of Phyllanthus amarus as an antidiabetic agent. At the doses used, ME also appeared safer than glibenclamide even though the latter is more potent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.6992 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 23-34
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Todoriuk, V. B., V. M. Hunchak, B. V. Gutyj, D. F. Gufriy, I. I. Hariv, R. I. Khomyk, and R. O. Vasiv. "Preclinical research of the experimental preparation “Ferosel T”." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 4, 2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas1-1.01.
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The results of preclinical studies of the new ferrodextran preparation “Ferosel T”, which contains ferrum and selenium, are presented. It has been established that at oral administration of ferrocellus T in a prophylactic dose of 2 ml/kg b.w. and the therapeutic dose of 4 ml/kg for 3 days in a row in the stomach of laboratory rats did not show toxic effects. No toxic effect of T ferrocellus is established at introducing it into the stomach in doses in 3 and 10 times higher than the therapeutic ones. Under conditions of subcutaneous administration of the drug, the death of white rats was not observed, only short-term inhibition of laboratory animals, which was prescribed the drug in a dose of 10 ml/kg b.w. It was established that in the preventive and optimal therapeutic doses the drug did not affect the detoxification function of the liver. In rats, which ferrocellus T was administered at maximum therapeutic and possibly toxic doses, the duration of hexenal sleep was for 32 and 35% higher relative to control values. The investigation of the emotional and behavioral reactions of laboratory animals after administration of ferrocellus T for 21 days in therapeutic and maximum therapeutic doses did not show a significant effect on the nervous system. In terms of hyperemia and swelling of the skin and the thickness of the skin, ferrocellus T in prophylactic and therapeutic doses upon application to rabbit skin did not cause local irritation. Separate injection of the drug “Ferosel T” by sub-planar way to guinea pigs in 0.1 ml. did not cause swollen reactions of the paws. As a result of the conducted research, no allergenic properties of the drug “Ferosel T” were found. In laboratory rats, which were introduced ferrosel T in the prophylactic dose of probable changes in the weight of the heart, liver, spleen and kidneys is not established. In rats, which were administered ferrocellus T in an optimal therapeutic dose, in comparison with control weights of the spleen and liver, respectively, was in 10.3 and 6.4% higher. When introducing ferrocellus T at the maximum therapeutic dose, the mass of the spleen and liver was in 14.0 and 15.0% higher, respectively. The results of the studies indicate that the drug “Ferosel T” is safe when used for the prevention and treatment of animals.
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Kosakova, D., P. Scheer, J. Lata, and J. Doubek. "Influence of the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain on complications of the chronic experimental liver damage." Veterinární Medicína 52, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2013-vetmed.
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The aim of the study was evaluate the influence of the probiotic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 strain (Mutaflor® suspension, Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany) on bacterial translocation in cases of liver damage, damage to the intestinal mucosa, potential portal hypertension associated with possible development of oesophageal varices and on the bacterial population of the intestine during chronic experimental liver damage in the laboratory rat. Rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide were divided into an experimental and control group. Experimental and control animals were applied Mutaflor and saline, respectively. Samples of blood, liver, lymph nodes and caecum for microbiological examination, of liver, duodenum and oesophagus for histological examination and of spleen for weight evaluation were collected. There were no significant differences between both groups of animals in the qualitative proportion of <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. and <i>Proteus</i> spp. cultured from the lymph nodes, blood and liver. The quantitative culture results on <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. in the caecum, liver and lymph nodes showed no significant differences between both groups. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control group in the counts of coliform bacteria. No significant differences between both groups were found in the overall damage score of the liver, duodenum and oesophagus. There were no differences in the spleen to body weight ratio of both groups. The application of Mutaflor® suspension for eight days had no recognisable effect diminishing the selected complications of chronic liver damage caused by the administration of TAA to laboratory rats.
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Kinkead, Edwin R., Susan K. Bunger, Edgar C. Kimmel, Carlyle D. Flemming, Henry G. Wall, and John H. Grabau. "Effects of a 13-Week Chloropentafluorobenzene Inhalation Exposure of Fischer 344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice." Toxicology and Industrial Health 7, no. 4 (July 1991): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700406.
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Chloropentafluorobenzene (CPFB) has been identified as a can didate simulant for nonpersistent chemical warfare agents. Acute toxicity studies have shown that CPFB has limited adverse ef fects on laboratory animals. A 21-day inhalation study of rats and mice to 2.5, 0.8, and 0.25 mg CPFB/liter resulted in re duced weight gain in male and female rats exposed at the high concentration only and identified the liver as a potential target organ. This multiconcentration inhalation study was designed to detect a no-observable-effect level associated with repeated expo sure to CPFB. Male and female rats and mice were exposed to 250, 50, or 10 mg CPFB/m3 (0.25, 0.05, or 0.01 mg CPFB/li ter) for 13 weeks. No treatment-related effects on body weight, clinical chemistries, mortality, absolute or relative organ weight or histopathology were noted.
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Eze, B. C., D. N. Ezejindu, E. C. Ogbodo, I. P. Ezeugwunne, A. K. Amah, U. N. Agada, I. O. Odumodu, and F. O. Egwuatu. "Histomorphological Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Tefairia occidentalis On the Liver of Wistar Rats." July 2019 issue 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2019): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33798/ajmas/2019/00290.
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Aim: Telfairia occidentalis has been reported to possess numerous health benefits. This study assessed the histomorphological effect of aqueous leaf extract of Tefairia occidentalis on the liver architecture of wistar rats. Methodology: Sixteen adult female rats weighing between 140-240g were divided into four groups (I-IV) comprising of four (4) rats each. Group I, the control, was given normal rat feed with water, while group II, III, and IV were administered with 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis orally respectively via intubation method for 28 days. Thereafter, the experimental animals were sacrificed and their respective liver harvested for histomorphological examination using haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) standard laboratory method. Results: Results showed that there was a significant decrease in the relative weight of the liver in groups II-IV when compared to group I respectively (p<0.05). Photomicrographic section of the liver showed normal hepatic tissue architecture with central vain (CV), portal triad (PT) and hepatocyte (H) in the control animals while photomicrograph section of the liver administered with 150mg/kg aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis showed hepatic tissue with focal aggregate inflammatory cell (FAIC) and normal tissue architecture with portal triad (PT) but photomicrograph of liver administered with 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg aqueous extract of Telfairia occidentalis showed alterations. Conclusion: This study revealed that the aqueous leaf extracts of Telfairia occidentalis may possess hepatoprotective effects although it may enhance some physiological changes such as mild hemolysis, infiltration of some inflammatory cells and intra-hepatic hemorrhage detected in this study. Key Words: liver, histomorphology, Telfairia occidentalis, weight, hepatoprotective effect.
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Skal’nyy, A. A., A. A. Tin’kov, Yu S. Medvedeva, I. B. Alchinova, E. Yu Bonitenko, M. Yu Karganov, and A. A. Nikonorov. "Influence of zinc administration on its tissue concetration and activity of serum antioxidant enzymes in rats at physical activity." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 5 (October 15, 2015): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-862.
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Aim. To investigate the effect of zinc supplementation at physical exercise on the distribution of the metal in the tissues and the activity of serum antioxidant enzymes. Methods. Physical activity was simulated using the treadmill. Laboratory animals were distributed to 6 even (n=12) groups. The first and fourth groups of animals received no zinc-containing additives and were imposed to low and high physical activity, respectively. Animals of the 2 and 3 as well as 5 and 6 groups received 5 and 15 mg/kg/day of zinc asparaginate intragastrically and were imposed to low and high physical activity, respectively. The zinc concentrantion in the organs and tissues was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was determined by spectrophotometry. Results. Administration of zinc asparaginate to the laboratory animals with low physical activity resulted in a dose-dependent increase of the metal concentration in liver and kidney parenchyma and blood serum, as well as in increase of serum glutathione peroxidase activity. Intensive physical activity for 14 days was accompanied by a significant increase in serum and kidney tissue zinc level. At the 7-day exposure to zinc at physical activity, a dose-dependent increase in zinc concentration in the organs and increase of serum glutathione peroxidase activity was registered. Zinc administration together with physical activity for 14 days did not result in a significant change in the balance of metal in the body of animals. In contrast to the 7-day exposure, a combination of factors studied for 14 days was accompanied by increased activity of superoxide dismutase, but not glutathione peroxidase. Conclusion. Physical activity of different duration has a significant effect on the zinc kinetics at oral administration, and the activity of serum antioxidant enzymes in laboratory animals.
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Alekseev, A. A., N. A. Pudovkin, and V. V. Salautin. "CHANGES IN PROTEIN-NITROGEN METABOLISM IN LABORATORY ANIMALS UNDER THE ACTION OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF FULLERENE C60." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 247, no. 3 (September 5, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-247-3-6-10.
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The active use of fullerene C60 in veterinary medicine has a positive effect on the functions of hepatocytes, promotes the restoration of metabolic processes in the gastrointestinal tract, improving metabolic and redox processes in the body, reducing inflammatory and fibrosing processes in the liver. The aim of the work was to change the protein-nitrogen metabolism in laboratory animals under the action of an aqueous solution of fullerene C60. For the research, 3 groups of white rats were formed. It was found that after the introduction of the studied compounds, we observed changes in the parameters of protein-nitrogen metabolism, which were expressed in an increase in the level of total protein, urea, ammonia and urea in the blood serum of white rats. However, there was a decrease in the concentration of glutamine. The change in the content of albumins in the blood serum by 8.6-10.1 % and globulins by 6-6.5 % was also found. The results obtained indicate a positive effect of C60 fullerene solutions on the animal body.
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Trashkov, Alexander P., Tatiana V. Brus, Andrey G. Vasiliev, Margarita R. Artyomenko, Valeria A. Pechatnikova, and Maria A. Gumennaya. "Biochemical profile of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of various gravity and its correction with Remaxol." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, no. 4 (August 15, 2017): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped8478-85.
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Despite the long period of studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, its timely diagnosis, prevention and treatment remains one of the most pressing problems of medicine. However, the arsenal of effective and safe medicines used for this task is limited. The goal of this study was to elaborate a model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of varying severity in laboratory rats, and to analyze the influence of hepatoprotector medicine Remaxol upon the dynamics of biochemical parameters in experimental groups. The model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in laboratory rats permits to reproduce disease of va rying severity: semi–light severity of the disease (non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis) and average degree of severity (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis). The introduction of the test drug was carried out daily during 10 days of experiment starting from day 28th. Used model in experimental animals was characterized by the development of bilirubinemia, cholesterolemia (mainly due to triacylglycerides), activation of peroxidation, cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes. The severity of metabolic disturbances in the rats depended on the severity of the simulated disease. The analysis of the functional activity of the liver changes on the background of the application of Remaxol was performed for 11 parameters, yielding a complete picture of their condition. Distinct therapeutic effect of infusion of Remaxol on the model of liver steatosis (mild fatty liver) and in models of moderate severity (steatohepatitis), aimed at correcting observed violations was demonstrated in the study.
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Davis, A. T. "The use of isoflurane anaesthesia in studies of carnitine metabolism in the laboratory rat." Laboratory Animals 30, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367796780739934.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isoflurane anaesthesia in the rat prior to decapitation on metabolites of interest in studies of carnitine metabolism. Male and female fed and starved rats were allocated to either the decapitation group, or to the anaesthesia-decapitation group. Six animals were allocated to each treatment. Within each gender and within feeding status, there were no significant effects of isoflurane anaesthesia with regard to plasma and liver carnitine, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids, or liver free fatty acids, triglycerides, free CoA, and acetyl CoA ( P>0.05). It was concluded that isoflurane anaesthesia can be used in studies of carnitine metabolism where the rat is used as a model.
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Fotschki, Bartosz, Paulina Opyd, Jerzy Juśkiewicz, Wiesław Wiczkowski, and Adam Jurgoński. "Comparative Effects of Dietary Hemp and Poppy Seed Oil on Lipid Metabolism and the Antioxidant Status in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats." Molecules 25, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 2921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122921.
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The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the dietary inclusion of hemp seed oil (HO) and poppy seed oil (PO) on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant status of lean and genetically obese Zucker rats. The rats were fed a control diet for laboratory rodents or a modification with HO or PO. Both oils reduced body and epididymal fat and liver cholesterol levels and promoted oxidative stress in the liver of obese rats. The HO reduced plasma triglycerides and had a stronger liver cholesterol-lowering effect in obese rats than PO. In the lean rats, HO and PO had no effects on the body fat content, plasma lipid profile, or lipid metabolism in the liver. HO considerably elevated the content of α-linolenic acid in the liver and increased the liver ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the lean rats. In conclusion, the regular consumption of both oils increases the accumulation of essential fatty acids in the liver of healthy animals, whilst not having any adverse effects on the body, whereas in genetically obese rats, the effects of both dietary oils on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant status are unequivocal and only partially beneficial.
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Jankovská, I., V. Sloup, P. Válek, J. Száková, J. Magdálek, B. Horáková, and I. Langrová. "Effects of Two Cadmium Hyperaccumulating Plants (N. Caerulescens And A. Halleri) in Feed on Tissue Burden in Laboratory Rats." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0007.
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Abstract The aim of this work was to determine how two cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulating plants in feed affect a consumer organism (Rattus norvegicus var. alba). Using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Cd concentrations were analyzed in Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus var. alba) tissues. Rats were fed the Cd and Zn hyperaccumulating plants Noccaea caerulescens or Arabidopsis halleri. Rats given Arabidopsis halleri took in 4 times as much Cd as did rats fed Noccaea caerulescens. However, the muscle, intestinal, kidney, spleen, testicular, bone and liver tissues of rats fed A.halleri had 7.3, 5.6, 5.5, 3.5, 3.1, 2.5 and 2.3 times higher Cd concentrations, respectively, than did tissues of rats fed N. caerulescens. A. halleri burdened the muscle, small intestinal, and kidney tissues with Cd to a greater extent than did N. caerulescens. However, the spleen, testes, bone and liver were significantly more burdened with Cd by N. caerulescens. In both experimental groups (rats given N. caerulescens as well as those given A. halleri), the highest Cd concentrations were found (in descending order) in the kidneys > liver > small intestine > spleen > testes > bone > and muscle. This information is vital in situations where, for example, livestock can graze on these plants or when other animals and humans accidentally consume these plants.
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Gibadullin, Radik, Alsu Gubeidullina, Vasilii Vinogradov, Sergei Glushko, and Guzel Petrova. "The dioxin regulation criteria in the agro-industrial complex of Russia." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700224.
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The article studies the reactions of biochemical, hematological, pathomorphological, immunological and ultrastructural changes in the organisms of laboratory animals that were subjected to chronic dioxin poisoning at threshold doses were studied. There were hold toxicological experiments on white rats of both sexes weighing 155–215 g in order to detect threshold doses. For two months, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (2,3,7,8- TCDD) in amounts corresponding to 1/100 and 1/200 LD 50. After each decade, some of the animals were euthanized and weighed to calculate the mass coefficient of internal organs. The obtained data comparison revealed no statistically significant changes in organ. Continued observation of animals in the experiment for up to two months, characteristic intoxication 2,3,7,8-TCDD clinical signs did not give. The correlation dependence of the minimum effective doses of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, namely 1/400 of LD50 with LD50, was determined. The obtained threshold dose of dioxin can be recommended as the basis for the normalization of dioxin in the Russian agro-industrial complex. There were determined biochemical, hematological and ultrastructural changes in the body of animals exposed to chronic poisoning of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in doses of 1/200, 1/300 of LD50. The article describes a statistically significant dependence of the respiratory activity of the liver mitochondria in laboratory animals (white rats and rabbits) on chronic poisoning with threshold doses of various degrees. Based on laboratory animals’ experiments, threshold concentrations are determined and the maximum permissible levels of dioxin in the feed of some animals are tentatively calculated.
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Martyshuk, T. V., B. V. Gutyj, and O. I. Vishchur. "Indicators of functional and antioxidant liver status of rats under oxidative stress conditions and on the action of the liposomal drug “Butaselmevit”." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 89 (November 11, 2018): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8919.
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The purpose of the work was to study the parameters of the functional and antioxidant state of the liver in rats under conditions of oxidative stress and at the actions of the liposomal drug “Butaselmevit”. The research was carried out on young white laboratory male rats of the Vistar line with a body weight of 180-200 g, which were kept in the standard conditions of the institute vivarium of the State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Feed Additives. Animals were divided into three groups of 20 animals in each: 1st group (K) intact animals; 2nd group (D1) – rats, affected with tetrachloromethane; group 3 (D2) – rats, affected with tetrachloromethane and treated with Botselmevit liposomal preparation. Toxic lesion of rats was caused by intramuscular administration of 50% tetrachloromethane at a dose of 0.25 ml per 100 g of animal body weight for the first and third day of the study. Animals of the experimental group D2 on the first and third day of the study, an hour after the introduction of tetrachloroethane, additionally administered a liposomal preparation at a dose of 2 ml per 1 kg of body weight of the animal. The composition of this preparation includes the following substances: butafosfan, selenium, methionine, thistle injection and vitamins A, E and D3. The development of oxidative stress in rats caused by intramuscular administration of tetrachloromethane was accompanied by suppression of protein synthesis of the liver, as evidenced by the low level of total protein and the decrease in the albumin-globulin factor. Low levels of albumin and high levels of globulins in the blood of diseased rats indicate an albumin-globulin disproportion. The indicators of liver function were quite high, namely: the level of creatinine increased by 46%, urea by 74% and total bilirubin by 34%. When applying the liposomal drug "Butaselmevit" to rats, under conditions of oxidative stress during research, the normalization of biochemical parameters occurs in the blood. It has been proven that modeling of the stress response in rats of the experimental group leads to a probable decrease in the level of reduced glutathione and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the second and fifth days of the experiment. When applying the liposomal drug Butaselmevit to rats, under conditions of oxidative stress during the studies, activation of the glutathione linkage of the antioxidant system occurs in the blood, indicating an increase in the level of reduced glutathione and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the blood of animal data. At the 14th day of the research, the level of reduced glutathione and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in blood of the experimental group D2 were the highest. The results of the research indicate the antioxidant properties of the new liposomal drug “Butaselmevit”.
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Nuha Sh. Ali and Haidar Alsaedi. "Histological and Antioxidant Effect of different phone waves on the liver and kidney of male rats." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 3554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1731.
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There is tremendous concern about the potential harmful effects of cell phone microwaves. The results are contradictory. However, the effects of these waves on the body have been reported. In this study, the effect of cellular microwaves on sperm parameters and total antioxidant capacity in relation to the duration of exposure and frequency of these waves were studied. This experimental study was conducted on male Sprague Dawley rats (150-200 g). The animals were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 18). Group 1 Natural control rat were fed to standard laboratory feeding Animals for 14 days. Group 2 animals were exposed to cell phone receiver stimulated waves (915 MHz frequency) for 14 days, and Group 3 animals were exposed to simulated waves of a cell phone antenna (950 MHz frequency) for 14 days. The results indicated that the total antioxidant capacity in all exposure groups decreased significantly compared with the control group (P <0.05). Increased exposure time within two weeks caused a statistically significant decrease in sperm motility and mobility (P <0.05).Effect of phone waves on liver and kidney of male Sprague Dawley rat. The study of pathological anatomy revealed a clear and appropriate deviation. These results found blood enzymes such as amino-aspartase transferase (AST), amino amines (ALT), and creatinine levels. The results showed no significant changes in both liver and kidney physiological functions. Malondialdehyde level (MDA) and total antioxidant contents were performed. The level of glutathione (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) was in normal ranges. Exposure to cell phone waves can reduce sperm movement and mobility in rats. These waves can also reduce the total antioxidant capacity in rats and lead to oxidative stress.
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Linetskaya, O. I., E. A. Nurgaleeva, E. I. Etkina, A. A. Fazylova, and Z. R. Garipova. "Influence of high-protein diet on the functional ability of the liver in rats and correction possibilities." Kazan medical journal 98, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2017-975.
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Aim. To study the changes of biochemical parameters of blood serum, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the large intestinal microbiota, the feces of prepubertal rats with a high-protein type of nutrition and following correction with the probiotic «Normobakt». Methods. To create a model, Wistar rats were used, who received a high-protein diet (35% of the total diet) for 7 weeks (group 1). The second group of laboratory animals received «Normobakt» preparation for 2 weeks. The control group was on a balanced diet. Biochemical parameters of blood serum were evaluated using an automatic biochemical analyzer СА-400 (Japan) with liquid stable diagnostic kits (Diasys, Germany). For bacteriological study, samples of feces and large intestine tissues of the laboratory animals were obtained. Results. In animals receiving a high protein diet, the biochemical parameters of blood serum were characterized by high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, triglycerides compared to the control group, and by contrast, concentration of cholesterol and Apo-A1-protein was decreased. In the microflora of the large intestine and feces, the level of opportunistic microflora remained unchanged, levels of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly lower than those of the control group. Correction with the «Normobakt» preparation led to a significant decrease of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and glucose in the blood serum. Moreover, in microbiota of the large intestine and feces, the level of opportunistic microflora reduced to zero, but the concentration of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. significantly increased in comparison with the rat group without biotic correction. Conclusion. High-protein diet has a negative effect on the functional ability of the liver, causing an increase of aminotransferase activity, changes in cholesterol and protein metabolism, accompanied by changes of the intestine and feces microbiota; use of the drug «Normobakt» promotes normalization of the parameters; on the background of increasing levels of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. quantitative parameters of opportunistic microflora decrease.
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Діденко, В. І., Ю. А. Гайдар, І. А. Кленіна, О. О. Галінський, І. С. Коненко, А. І. Руденко, and О. І. Грабовська. "ЖОРСТКІСТЬ ПАРЕНХІМИ ПЕЧІНКИ ЩУРІВ ПРИ МОДЕЛЮВАННІ СТЕАТОЗУ АЛІМЕНТАРНОГО ГЕНЕЗУ ТА ЙОГО КОРЕКЦІЇ." Medical and Ecological Problems 23, no. 5-6 (December 16, 2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/mep.2019.23.5-6.06.
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Over the past decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of chronic diseases of the liver. Diseases with characteristic changes in the liver, which are combined with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, are found in 80% of cases. Therefore, the timely manifestation and appropriate treatment of this pathology is very important today. Recently, there has been an increasing interest towards less invasive and non-invasive methods for the study of liver pathologies. One of the approaches to the verification of steatosis is the method of evaluating the controlled parameter of ultrasound suppression, the method is based on the properties of ultrasonic signals "to fade" in the tissues containing fat droplets. The aim of the work was to investigate the degree of parenchyma stiffness and the morphological pattern of the liver of rats in the conditions of the modeling of alimentary steatosis and after its correction with medications - coenzyme Q10 and methadoxine. The studies were performed on laboratory rats of the Wistar line. Simulation of steatosis in experimental animals was performed by alimentary disorders of the diet. In the course of morphological studies, it was found that in experimental rats development of steatosis with small-drop fat dystrophy, scattered throughout the particle plane and sinusoidal enlargement was observed, which was accompanied by increased stiffness of the liver parenchyma of rats. In animals, 30 days after steatosis modeling, rat liver parenchyma stiffness was less than that of the steatosis group and fat deposition in the hepatic cytoplasm of the hepatic lobe was observed. The use of Q10 and methadoxine in the simulation of alimentary steatosis in the liver of rats had a positive effect on the functional state of the liver, which was confirmed by morphological studies and shift wave elastography.
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Gryshchenko, V. A., and V. S. Minina. "Marker changes of blood plasma proteinogram in rats with toxic hepatitis." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 11, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/022055.
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In recent years, there has been a pronounced tendency to increase in the incidence of drug-induced liver damage due to the growing expansion of the pharmaceutical market, which is also observed in the case of incorrect administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this case, the violation of the functional state of the body has a negative effect on synthetic processes, which in combination with the protein system of tissues significantly affects the metabolic homeostasis of the body. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine marker changes in the plasma protein spectrum in laboratory rats with diclofenac-induced hepatitis and the effectiveness of reparative therapy based on milk phospholipids. The drug form of toxic hepatitis in laboratory animals was induced according to the author’s model by oral administration of diclofenac sodium (NSAID group) at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg, once a day for 14 days. Thus, in rats with toxic hepatitis there was a probable decrease in plasma total protein content by 15.6% compared with control, indicating a violation of protein-synthesizing function of the liver. With the introduction into the body of clinically healthy and sick animals of the liposomal form of the bioadditive "FLP-MD" based on milk phospholipids, the level of total protein in blood plasma corresponded to control values. As a result of the study of the plasma protein spectrum of Wistar rats, the four most sensitive indicators, which undergo significant probable changes in absolute and relative units of measurement with the development of toxic diclofenac-induced hepatitis, are protein fractions with molecular weights of 180–190, 150–170, 60 and 54–58 kDa and four markers of the effectiveness of restoring the protein-synthesizing function of the liver with the use of corrective therapy, in particular, bioadditives "FLP-MD" – 900, 180–190, 68–70 kDa and the value of A/G ratio, which is important for implementation in applied veterinary medicine, especially in the diagnosis of NSAID hepatopathy, supplementing the picture of its pathogenesis at the molecular level and testing the effectiveness of newly created drugs of hepatoprotective profile.
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Fiorelli, Stênio Karlos Alvim, Lúcia Marques Vianna, Carlos Alberto Basílio de Oliveira, Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli, Bernardo Cunha Senra Barros, and Camila Rodrigues de Almeida. "The effects of supraphysiological supplementation of b-carotene in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR and SHR-sp)." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 41, no. 5 (October 2014): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912014005010.
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Objective: to investigate the effect of administration of supraphysiological âcaroteno on biological parameters (ectoscopy and blood pressure), laboratory (malondialdehyde) and histological (liver and carotid arteries) of spontaneously hypertensive rats prone to stroke (SHR-sp).Methods: we used 36 male rats were divided into three groups, each containing 12 rats Wistar, SHR and SHR-sp, subdivided into six control animals and six animals treated with supraphysiological doses of âcaroteno for two periods of ten weeks interspersed with one week interruption. In the experiment were assessed daily physical examination and blood pressure (plethysmography). At sacrifice, blood was collected for measurement of serum malondialdehyde, liver and carotid arteries for histological examination.Results: temporary change in color of the fur, decreased significantly (p<0.0001) blood pressure (20mg supplementation âcaroteno) and serum levels of malondialdehyde (p<0.05) and increased amount of elastic fibers in the carotid wall of SHR and SHR-sp.Conclusion: supplementation of supraphysiological âcaroteno caused no toxic effects, showed positive response in the modulation of blood pressure and lower serum malondialdehyde. No significant morphological changes were found in both groups, except an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the muscle layer carotid suggesting elastosis in SHR and SHR-sp.
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Vesir, I. R., G. Ts Dambaev, V. E. Gunter, E. A. Gereng, A. N. Vusik, N. E. Kurtseitov, M. M. Solovev, O. A. Fatushina, E. A. Avdoshina, and I. M. Mominov. "Stimulation of Liver Regeneration Using a Titanium Nickelide Implant (Experimental Study)." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 5, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2020-5.1.11.
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Currently, morbidity and mortality from chronic diffuse diseases of the liver and cirrhosis continue to increase worldwide. The difficulty of stabilizing the process with pharmacological agents, lots of restrictions for liver transplantation, the palliative character of the surgical correction of complications determine the urgency of finding various ways to stimulate liver regeneration, including surgical ones. Most of the known methods of surgical stimulation of regeneration are quite traumatic, and their stimulating effect is short-lived. The methods associated with cellular technologies are mostly expensive, ineffective, or poorly understood. In the experimental study, the effect on the parenchyma of a healthy and cirrhotic liver clips for clamping parenchymal organs exerting different unit pressure on the tissue was studied. The object of the study was laboratory rats with a healthy liver and animals with simulated cirrhosis. The animals were operated on with the imposition of titanium nickelide clips on the liver. Changes in the liver were studied 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after the surgery by histological examination of various parts of the liver. It was established that the clip with a lower specific pressure did not cause tissue necrosis, led to atrophy of the marginal part of the liver, also increased hepatocytes and binuclear hepatocytes were observed in the bulk of the liver. A decrease in the proportion of connective tissue was also observed in groups with liver cirrhosis. Thus, we consider it possible to use clips with a certain specific pressure on the tissue as a method of stimulating the reparative properties of the liver in chronic diffuse diseases and cirrhosis of the liver
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Koval, Yu I., T. I. Bokova, and A. F. Petrov. "Use of water-alcohols treatment of medicinal plants under conditions modeling intoxication by lead and cadmium." Innovations and Food Safety, no. 2 (March 21, 2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2311-0651-2020-28-2-80-88.
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The results of studying the effects of water-alcohol infusions of medicinal plants - rhizomes of thick-leafed incense (Bergenia crasslifolia L. Fritsch), dioica nettle leaves (Urtica dioca L.), burdock roots (Arctium lappa L.), and mother-and-leaf leaves - are presented. ordinary machichi (Tussilago farfara L.) on the organism of laboratory rats under conditions of short-term intoxication with heavy metals in doses of 25 mg of lead and 2.5 mg of cadmium per 1 kg of live weight. In the course of studies it was found that the effect of heavy metals on the body of laboratory animals is selective - the main “depot” of lead was bone tissue, and cadmium - the kidneys and liver. The addition of 1 ml of water-alcohol infusions from medicinal raw materials to the diet of rats as detoxicants caused a decrease in the level of lead in the animal organism to 6.32 times, cadmium to 3.46 times. The greatest detoxification ability was shown by infusions of the roots of burdock and leaves of nettle dioecious. Under the influence of elevated doses of lead and cadmium in laboratory animals there was an increase in heart mass by 40.34 % and spleen by 89.91 %, a decrease in the content of alkaline phosphatase in blood serum by 25.81 %. Water-alcohol infusions normalized the biochemical parameters of rat blood serum. Studies have shown that the infusions of rhizomes of thick-leafed frangipani, burdock roots, dioecious nettles and coltsfoot leaves with antioxidant properties can be the basis for the development of an effective herbal preparation used for the prevention and treatment of animals from intoxication with salts of heavy metals.
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Belyaeva, Natalia N., Valery N. Rakitskii, Natalia I. Nikolaeva, Marina V. Vostrikova, and Tatiana E. Veshchemova. "Quantitative structural and functional assessment of various systems of the body of laboratory animals in hygienic studies." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 12 (January 25, 2021): 1438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1438-1445.
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Introduction. The literature analysis of structural and functional indices clearly shows no scientifically based set of quantitative indices. It fails to allow statistical data processing and makes it challenging to assess various levels of impact objectively. The goal was to analyze the literature to select structural and functional criteria-significant indicators and develop their quantitative and point assessment. Material and methods. Based on the literature review, the authors identified indices on the analysis of the histological picture. We developed quantitative morphometric, stereometric, and point scores for various systems of the body including the heart and vascular state in the organs under investigation, small and large intestine, stomach, liver, pancreas, adrenal and thyroid, glands, lungs and bronchi, kidney, testis, spleen, thymus. There were used microscopes with the ability to transmit images to a computer screen display. Authors analyzed 6-month oral exposure of the pesticide carbamate class in doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 20 mg/kg. Results. Based on the literature review, significant structural and functional criteria indices were selected. Authors developed a quantitative assessment for them. For each body, a table is proposed to allow digital input data about indices and their statistical processing. When analyzing the effects of the pesticide on rats at a dose of 20 mg/kg, target organs were identified: the liver, which develops both damage responses and compensatory alterations, and the stomach, which is a violation of the structure of the organ. Moreover, a trend towards changes in the indices in the lungs and colon was also noted. The pesticide doses of 5 and 2.5 mg/kg for these indices of the studied organs were invalid. Conclusion. Quantitative structural and functional indices for the cardiovascular, digestive, pulmonary, excretory, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems of rats were developed to assess toxic effects.
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Hijona, Bujanda, and Portillo. "Pterostilbene Reduces Liver Steatosis and Modifies Hepatic Fatty Acid Profile in Obese Rats." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11050961.
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Excessive fat accumulation within the liver is known as “simple hepatic steatosis”, which is the most benign form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to determine whether pterostilbene improves this hepatic alteration in Zucker (fa/fa) rats. Animals were distributed in two experimental groups (n = 10) and fed a standard laboratory diet. Rats in the pterostilbene group were given a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight/d for six weeks. After sacrifice, serum glucose, transaminase, and insulin concentrations were quantified and the liver triacylglycerol content and fatty acid profile was analyzed. Different pathways of triacylglycerol metabolism in liver were studied, including fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, triglyceride assembly, fatty acid uptake, and glucose uptake. With pterostilbene administration, a reduction in insulin concentrations (consequently in the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) and hepatic triacylglycerol content were observed. No effects were observed in pterostilbene-treated rats in the activity of de novo lipogenesis enzymes. An improvement in the fatty acid profile was observed in pterostilbene-treated rats. In conclusion, pterostilbene is a useful molecule to reduce liver steatosis. Its delipidating effect is due, at least in part, to reduced fatty acid availability and triacylglycerol synthesis, as well as to an increased very low-density lipoprotein assembly and fatty acid oxidation.