Dissertations / Theses: 'Livestock Farming Systems'

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Bramwell, Stephen George. "Mixed crop-livestock farming systems for the Inland Northwest, US." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/s_bramwell_120308.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in soil science)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 15, 2009). "Department of Crop and Soil Science." Includes bibliographical references.

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Goncalves, Vitor Salvador Picoa. "Livestock production in Guinea-Bissau : development potentials and constraints." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259470.

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Rushton, Jonathan. "Quantitative methods for the economic assessment of smallholder crop-livestock farming systems." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336682.

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Van, Rooyen Jacques. "Livestock production and animal health management systems in communal farming areas at the wildlife-livestock interface in southern Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60128.

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Development of transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa depends, among other, on the ability of stakeholders to find practical and sustainable solutions for wildlife‐livestock integration in the conservation landscape. Due to the presence of buffalo Syncerus caffer in most of the TFCAs in southern Africa, foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) has to be controlled in susceptible livestock species sharing the rangelands with wildlife. Conventional FMD control measures act as an additional burden on communal livestock producers and may hamper rural development and wildlife‐livestock integration even further. However, commodity‐based trade in the form of an integrated approach to the control of both food safety and disease risk along the entire beef value chain has been proposed as a more favourable alternative for ensuring market access for beef produced at the wildlife‐livestock interface. Such a non‐geographic based approach could allow for trade to continue despite high risk of FMD if appropriate disease risk and food safety measures are implemented by farmers and subsequent role players along the value chain and hence, could promote greater wildlife‐livestock compatibility.
The objective of the present study was to analyse beef production, health and trade systems of farmers at the wildlife‐livestock interface within foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) protection zones in order to identify challenges, risks and limitations that may limit compliance with proposed commodity‐based trade prerequisites as well as value chain participation. Based on the findings of this study a holistic, integrated approach is proposed at the village level that could be implemented to serve as an incentive for equitable participation by farmers whilst 1) addressing the risks and limitations of a farming system, 2) ensuring greater wildlife‐livestock compatibility, and 3) promote consistent market access by fulfilling the requirements of an integrated value chain approach based on commodity‐based trade standards.
A farming systems approach was used to investigate beef production, health and trade systems in FMD protection zones mainly within the Zambezi Region (ZR) of Namibia, which is situated within the KAZA TFCA (Kavango‐Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area), but also the Mnisi study area (MSA) in South Africa adjacent to the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area (GLTFCA). A combined qualitative and quantitative approach was used to assess and describe farmers’ perceptions in selected study areas about beef production, trade, and wildlife conservation. Secondary data obtained from state veterinary services, the Meatco abattoir in Katima Mulilo, as well as previous studies were analysed and modelled to describe spatial‐temporal trends in trade as well as cattle distribution in relation to resource availability.
The results indicate that beef production systems in some of the most remote areas of the ZR as well as in the MSA resemble a typical low‐input low‐output production system, mainly due to the high level of risk farmers had to cope with and the limited opportunity to offset losses. The major challenges within livestock farming in all the areas studied were animal diseases, grazing competition, predation, stock theft and contact with wildlife, although the importance of each varied between study areas. Herd size effect in the MSA significantly explained the variation in attitude towards trade, production and management of cattle between farmers with below average and farmers with above average herd sizes. In the MSA, home slaughter contributed significantly more to direct household food security in households with larger herd sizes than in households with smaller herd sizes, and in the ZR farmers with smaller herd sizes were discouraged from participation in formal trade.
The attitudes and perceptions of farmers In the ZR towards wildlife and conservation often varied between survey areas as a consequence of the variation in the geophysical properties of the landscape, proximity to conservation areas, as well as the form of the interface with conservation areas. The perceived spatial‐temporal movement of buffalo varied between survey areas in the ZR. However, the frequency and nature of buffalo‐cattle interaction was generally high and intimate. Most farmers associated buffalo with risk of disease, especially FMD, but some were more concerned about grazing competition and the negative effect on husbandry practises. Farmers readily deployed traditional risk mitigation tactics in the form of kraaling at night and herding at day to control the movement of their animals and to reduce risks. Herding was found to be a potential strategy to specifically mitigate cattlebuffalo contact despite the lack of evidence that an overall strategic approach to herding exist. Although the majority of farmers in the ZR were in favour of conservation and its benefits, the negative impact of increasing wildlife numbers on farmers’ attitudes was an indication that the generally positive sentiment was changing and may in future deter conservation efforts.
Indications are that the cattle population in the ZR at its estimated density and distribution had reached the ecological capacity of the natural resource base in the ZR and animal performance and survival was therefore subjected to increased variability in resource availability linked to climate change. The cattle population’s existence at ecological capacity and the inability of farmers to offset the loss of condition in the dry season with supplementary feed were reflected in the changes in carcass quality and grades across seasons. However, there was sufficient forage produced in the ZR to sustain animal performance to some extent throughout the year, but those areas with surplus forage existed beyond the assumed grazing range around villages and perennial rivers where most cattle and wildlife concentrate. The future ability of farmers to access such underutilised grazing resources in order to strategically counter the negative consequences of climate change and growing wildlife numbers could be an important coping and risk management mechanism linked to commodity‐based trade and sustained animal quality.
Regular FMD outbreaks had a significant impact on the consistency with which the Meatco abattoir in the ZR operated between the years 2007‐2011, with negative consequences to both farmers and the abattoir itself. It was found that the formal trade system in the ZR discriminated against farmers with below average herd sizes, and that the disposition held by farmers with smaller herd sizes are most significant in areas further than approximately 55km away from quarantine camps. Vegetation type and possible contact with buffalo or previous FMD outbreaks in the area did not significantly affect market participation nor off‐take rates at a crush‐pen level in the ZR. The negative effect that distance from a quarantine station had on formal off‐take rate and the level of sales to Meatco at crush‐pen level, was the most significant in the winter months and crush‐pens situated beyond 55km from a quarantine station. The results indicate that the trade range of the Meatco abattoir was less than its trade threshold which contributed to its struggle to sustain throughput and profitability.
Finally the loss of income farmers experienced in both the ZR and the MSA during simultaneous FMD outbreaks in the year 2012 was quantified, as well as the impact it had on livelihoods in the ZR. A commodity‐based trade approach may have reduced the impact on farmers’ income significantly. However, we farmers are unable to comply with the proposed requirements for mitigating risk and ensuring food safety and quality in such communal systems in the absence of interventions to build the necessary capacity and awareness. It is recommended that at the wildlife‐livestock interface such as those investigated in this study, an integrated value chain approach to trade could serve as a catalyst to incentivise and enable farmer participation in holistic, integrated rangeland and livestock management practises that will promote conservation and rural development.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
University of Pretoria
National Research Foundation of South Africa
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
PhD
Unrestricted

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Delve, Robert James. "Implications of livestock feeding management for soil fertility in smallholder mixed farming systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312167.

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Murithi, Festus Meme. "Economic evaluation of the role of livestock in mixed smallholder farms of the central highlands of Kenya." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266341.

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Bendaoud, Mohamed Lahbib. "Modelling crop-livestock farming systems in semi-arid areas; A case study in North West Syria." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515760.

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Kassa, Belay Habtemariam. "Livestock and livelihood security in the Harar highlands of Ethiopia : implications for research and development /." Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a388-ab.html.

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Tukana, Andrew, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "A study of biogas digesters as an animal waste management tool on livestock farming systems in Fiji." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Tukana_A.xml, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/632.

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Ever since 1976, livestock farmers in Fiji have been intrigued about biogas digesters as an animal waste management measure, but the concept has never evolved into one that is sustainable. Renewed interest came in 1997 after a better Chinese Modified Dome (CMD) design was established, with this came government funding, however by 2002, some failure was also observed. This study set out to investigate the reasons why biogas digesters have never been established as a sustainable concept, its effectiveness as an animal waste management tool and what changes if any, can be made to try and influence the further development of the concept in Fiji. In order to achieve the objectives, which were simply obtaining the answers to the questions presented above, several different approaches had to be followed. This study was the first on biogas digesters in Fiji and it was unique in the sense that the major component dealt with the social aspects of farmers in relation to their biogas digesters. Basically the study was carried out in two parts - desktop studies and field studies. Desktop studies were done to better understand the situation while the field studies included semi-structured interviews with the farmers as well as the collection of biophysical data. Twelve outcomes are presented in chapter 7 of this paper. Two in particular are the improvement of construction and maintenance, which can only come about through training. The research questions are also answered in chapter 7, with recommendations put forward on possible directions to take in terms of trying to influence the development of the concept in Fiji
Master of Science (Hons)

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Tukana, Andrew. "A Study of biogas digesters as an animal waste management tool on livestock farming systems in Fiji /." View thesis, 2005. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060502.151953/index.html.

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Thesis (M. Sc.) (Hons) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005.
" A thesis presented to the School of Environment and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Honours)." Includes bibliography : leaves 165 -175, and appendices.

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Johansson, Nicklas. "Effekter av kameraövervakning av boskap hos sex lantbrukare i Sverige." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-70935.

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Bakgrund: Lantbruket står inför stora framtida utmaningar som t.ex. stora befolkningsökningar och minskade jordbruksarealer. Ett förslag för att lösa en del av problemet och öka effektiviteten inom lantbruket är att implementera och använda olika digitala tjänster och produkter. Ett av koncepten för den digitala tekniken som har lyfts fram av bland annat EU är Smart farming. Konceptet är brett och innefattar många olika tekniska lösningar, varav en av dessa är kameraövervakning av boskapsdjur. Frågeställning: Har de lantbrukare som använder kameraövervakning av boskapsdjur upplevt en förändring av sin livskvalitet och har användningen av tekniken medfört några ekonomiska effekter? Metod: Ett kvalitativt angreppssätt valdes där sex lantbrukare intervjuades i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat: De medverkande lantbrukarna var överlag positiva till kameraövervakningssystemen och flera av lantbrukarna anser att tekniken möjliggjort att de kunnat spara tid och att djur i viss utsträckning kunnat räddats. Flera av lantbrukarna menar också att användandet av kameraövervakningssystemen lett till positiva effekter gällande deras livskvalitet, där det framför allt var möjligheten att kunna spendera mer tid med familj och ökad flexibilitet som var bidragande. Slutsatser: Undersökningens resultat tyder på att kameraövervakningssystemen kan spara tid och pengar för lantbrukarna och att den upplevda livskvaliteten förbättras. Den grupp respondenter i undersökningen som upplevde störst effekter av kameraövervakningen var mindre lantbruk. Kameraövervakningen användes till flera olika ändamål, t.ex. brottsförebyggande, kalvning, personalsäkerhet, övervakning av foderbord, lösdrift samt gård och ägor.

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Riofrío, Ordóñez Carlos Andrés. "Economics of introducing forage and livestock into alternative crop rotation systems during the transition to organic agriculture." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98779.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the economic feasibility of alternative crop rotations and to determine the economic implications of including forages and livestock during the transition to organic agriculture in Nova Scotia. The rotation systems were distinguished by: (i) frequency of forage in the rotation, (ii) source of nutrient supply, and (iii) type of farming operation. The economic analysis was divided in two parts. The first part analysed data from a four-year crop rotation experiment, using enterprise budgeting and statistical methods to compare differences among rotations under different treatments. The second part involved the development of a multi-period linear programming (LP) model to simulate a commercial operation.
The results from the statistical analysis suggest that crop enterprise net returns tended to be higher in forage-based rotations and in the livestock systems compared to cash crop rotations and the stockless system. Results from the LP model suggest that including forages and beef cattle during the transition to organic agriculture can provide considerable economic benefits, especially when crops were grown under ruminant compost.

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Jemaa, Tasnim. "Stratégies d'adaptation des systèmes d'élevage ovins et modes d'utilisation des parcours en Tunisie Centrale." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSAM0025/document.

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Le développement de l’agriculture en Tunisie Centrale a favorisé l’expansion des cultures au détriment des terres de parcours et du secteur de l’élevage. L’arboriculture surtout d’oliviers, s’est développée grâce à la privatisation des terres collectives. En conséquence, il y a une régression de la superficie des parcours steppiques qui a été amplifié par très forte augmentation démographique dans les années 1970-90. En revanche, le cheptel national a connu une importante croissance, bien que pour la majorité des troupeaux, la végétation pastorale couvre à peine 20 % des besoins alimentaire des animaux. Ce taux a chuté de façon très importante et de façon continue depuis 1995. Cette évolution induit une double problématique de vulnérabilité de la majorité des élevages : la dépendance à la disponibilité et prix des aliments concentrés ; les aléas météorologiques dont dépend les différentes sources de pâtures. Notre questionnement généralement porte sur la diversité des voies d’adaptations à ces facteurs de transition et les différences de vulnérabilité selon les choix d’adaptation des éleveurs. Nos travaux confirment que la chute de la couverture alimentaire par la végétation des parcours est de l’ordre de 80 % en 6 ans. Cette contribution des parcours à l’alimentation des parcours repose essentiellement sur les parcours améliorés, qui représentent 75 % de la superficie des parcours collectifs et domaniaux. La gestion par les services de l’Etat de l’accès à ces parcours permet une utilisation saisonnière, évitant des charges trop importantes. Cette régulation, imposée au travers du paiement d’un droit d’accès et d’un contrôle par des agents de l’Etat présents sur le terrain, semble plutôt bien fonctionner, d’un point de vue préservation de la ressource.Les parcours naturels (non gérés par les services de l’Etat) sont quant à eux très peu fréquentés. Cette très faible utilisation est le reflet de décisions individuelles des éleveurs face à l’état de ces parcours. Le passage d’un système pastoral à un système agropastoral, voir à territoire essentiellement de cultures s’avère une réalité, dans le cadre d’une transition de quelques décennies. Nos travaux permettent d’estimer que les concentrés constituent de 13 à 24 % de la matière sèche ingérée par les brebis, selon les 3 types d’élevage naisseurs. Le reste de l’ingéré correspond à des fourrages, distribués : foin, cactus… ; ou pâturés : chaumes de céréales, céréales sinistrées, déprimage, repousses ou végétation des parcours. Un système agriculture-élevage émerge nettement qui produit 3 agneaux par brebis en deux ans. Nos études sur l’identification des différentes formes d’adaptation, révèlent des pistes pour trouver des voies alternatives de gestion des parcours aptes à maintenir le renouvellement des ressources pastorales et de créer des nouvelles stratégies agropastorales
The Tunisian agriculture development is supporting the expansion of cultivated area in favor to the grounds of rangeland relative to the breeding sector. The arboriculture especially olive-trees was developed thanks to the privatization of the collective grounds. In addition a significant demographic increase amplified strongly the regression surface regression of the steppe rangeland between 1970 and 1990. On the other hand, the national livestock showed a considerable growth, while the pastoral vegetation covers hardly 20% of the food needs of the animals for the majority of the herds. Since 1995, this rate is decreasing significantly and continuously, This evolution induces double problems vulnerability of the majority of the breeding. In fact is depending on the availability and the price of concentrated food and the weather risks which various sources on grazing are depending. Our questioning is related to the diversity of the adaptation ways to these heavy transition factors and the differences in vulnerability of the adaptation of the stock breeders. Our study confirms that the rangeland vegetation is covering about 80% of the food needs during six years. This contribution is primarily resulting to the improved rangeland, which are accounting for 75% of the surface of the collective and domanial rangeland. The state management of the rangeland access allows a seasonal use which is avoiding important loads. From a safe guarding point of view of the resource this law which is imposed through the payment of the right of the access and the control by the government officials, seems to be functional. The natural courses which are not managed by the services of the State, are very little attendedThis low use is the reflection of the individual decision of the stock breeders ending on the state of these courses. The transition from a pastoral system to an agropastoral system proves to be carried out appeared in very few decades. Our work showed that, for the three considered types of breeding naisseurs, 13 to 24% of the dry matter introduced by the ewes is provided by the concentrates. The rest of the introduced corresponds to fodder, distributed: hay, cactus…; or grazed: cereal thatches, cereals disaster victims, déprimage, push backor vegetation of the courses. A system of agriculture-breeding is clearly emerging is: producing three lambs per ewe in two years

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Manlay, Raphael. "Organic matter dynamics in mixed-farming systems of the West African savanna: a village case study from south Senegal." Diss., Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (ENGREF), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71623.

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Organic matter (OM) is a multi-purpose tool in West African smallholder mixed-farming systems, but its supply has been decreasing for several decades. To assess the viability of a mixed-farming system of south Senegal, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P; available in soil and noted POD) budgets (stocks and flows) were thus quantified.The village territory of the study showed a ring-like organisation with growing intensification of fertilization and cropping practices from the periphery (bush ring) to the compounds (compound fields).Stocks in plant and soil averaged 54.7 tC, 2.63 tN and 43.5 kgP ha 1 in old fallows. They were 97, 29 and 251 % higher than in the bush cropped fields, plant biomass accounting for nearly all of the rise. C, N and P amounts recorded in the soil of compound fields were higher than those of the bush field, but the increase was restricted mainly to the 0 10 cm layer. However, the rather weak response of local sandy soils to management can be interpreted only by reassessing the bio-thermodynamical signification of soil organic carbon cycling in the maintenance of the integrity of local agroecosystems.Manageable stocks of the whole village territory were estimated to 29.7 tC, 1.52 tN and 28.6 kgP ha 1 in 1997. Carbon was stored mainly in soil. Livestock, crop harvest and wood collecting were responsible for respectively 59, 27 and 14 % of the C uptake on the village territory. As a result, large C flows were set towards the compound ring (3.8 tC ha 1 y 1). N and P depletion of the system amounted to 4 kgN and 1 kgP ha 1 y 1, suggesting that the system was close to nutrient balance.Under current demographic growth rate, C depletion may reach 0.38 tC ha 1 y 1 and C demand may double during the next three decades. Without any intensification of farming practices, the viability of the system might soon be called into question.

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Sarout, Bruna Nunes Marsiglio. "Behavioural circadian rhythms : a novel approach to monitor sheep in extensive systems and study the differences between beef steers for methane emission, feed efficiency and growth." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164375.

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As tecnologias baseadas em sensores estão cada vez mais disponíveis e podem ser usadas para coletar informações detalhadas sobre o comportamento animal. Com esta informação é possível avaliar o ritmo circadiano de variáveis comportamentais e monitorar sua resposta. A identificação de variações na resposta deste ritmo tem o potencial de detectar problemas de saúde e questões de bem-estar animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os ritmos circadianos comportamentais como uma nova abordagem para monitorar ovelhas em sistemas extensivos e estudar a emissão de metano, eficiência alimentar e crescimento de novilhos de corte. Este trabalho foi composto por dois experimentos (ovinos e bovinos). Foram utilizados cochos automatizados e sensores de atividade baseados em acelerômetro para coletar informações detalhadas do comportamento ingestivo (bovinos) e do comportamento de atividade (ovinos e bovinos), juntamente com as características de desempenho animal. Estes dados foram utilizados para calcular a percentagem de comportamento cíclico harmônico/sincronizado a cada período de 24 h. Essa porcentagem é chamada de grau de acoplamento funcional (DFC) e é calculada com uso de um período móvel de sete dias. No experimento com ovinos, um total de 29 ovelhas Scottish Blackface foram monitoradas por quatro semanas em cada estação do ano, em sistema extensivo nas terras altas da Escócia. Dados meteorológicos foram coletados diariamente. Modelos estatísticos de regressão com efeito aleatório foram utilizados para avaliar a variação da resposta entre indivíduos. Houve uma forte dinâmica criada pelas estações do ano e pelo ciclo produtivo/fisiológico das ovelhas. Durante a primavera e o verão, o desvio padrão do DFC foi um melhor estimador do ganho de peso quando comparado ao índice de moção. A combinação da análise do DFC e o agrupamento de indivíduos com base em sua resposta às variáveis ambientais oferece potencial para obter informações relevantes para o manejo do rebanho. O experimento de bovinos foi conduzido com duas dietas contrastantes (volumoso: concentrado 8:92 e 50:50) e duas raças (40 mestiços Charolês e 40 Luing). Os padrões diurnos de ingestão e atividade foram altamente sincronizados. O ritmo circadiano da atividade foi importante para explicar as diferentes emissões de metano entre indivíduos, independente da raça ou dieta, e também teve ligação com a eficiência alimentar e o crescimento dos novilhos. Este trabalho mostra a importância dos ritmos circadianos comportamentais e como essas abordagens podem melhorar a qualidade e o significado dos dados provenientes de sensores automatizados.
Sensor-based technologies are becoming increasingly available and can be used to gather detailed information about animal behaviour. With this information it is possible to assess animal behavioural circadian rhythm and monitor its response. Identifying breakdowns of this rhythm has the potential to detect health problems and animal welfare issues. The aim of this work was to study the behavioural circadian rhythms as a novel approach to monitor sheep in extensive systems and to study the differences between beef steers production traits, in methane emission, feed efficiency and growth. This work consisted of two experiments, one dealing with sheep in an extensive system and the other with housed beef steers. Automated feed intake equipment and accelerometer-based activity sensors were used to collect detailed information on feed intake (for cattle) and activity behaviour (for sheep and cattle), alongside animal performance characteristics. These data were used to calculate the percentage of cyclic behaviour that is harmonic/synchronized to each 24 h period as Degree of Functional Coupling (DFC) shown within rolling seven day periods. In the sheep experiment, in total twenty-nine Scottish Blackface ewes were monitored for four consecutive weeks in each season across a full year, in an extensive system on Scottish upland pastures. Weather data were collected daily. Random regression statistical models were used to assess between-individual variation in response to the weather. There was a strong dynamic created by the seasons and by the production and physiological cycle in sheep in these high latitude systems. Over the spring and summer period, the variation in the response of DFC was a better estimator of BWG (Body Weight Gain) than the use of a simple motion index. The combination of circadian rhythm analysis and the clustering of individuals into groups based around their regression response to environmental variables provides considerable potential to glean information relevant for group and individual animal management. The cattle experiment was conducted with two contrasting diets (concentrate-based and mixed diet) and two breeds (40 crossbred Charolais and 40 purebred Luing). The diurnal patterns of feeding and activity behaviours were strong and highly synchronised. Activity rhythmicity was well suited to show up differences between individual methane emissions independent of breed or diet, and it was also well related to important production traits as feed efficiency and growth of beef steers. This work shows the importance of the behavioural circadian rhythms and that these approaches may enhance the quality and meaningfulness of data coming from automated sensors.

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Silva, Yuri Lopes. "The animal component in agroecosystems worked by Sustentare design community site Areias , Sobral - Ce." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16116.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Sustainability of livestock farming in family units covers agroecological knowledge capable of overcoming the harmful effects of inadequate management. Also, it promotes agricultural biodiversity, food security and the acquisition of income. In this perspective, the Sustentare Project proposes the rise of a conservative agriculture, encouraging the active participation of stakeholders in decision-making. The objectives were to understand the importance of livestock for the families participating in the Sustentare Project at Sitio Areias community; prepare a document on the overview of agroecosystems that include the activity and evaluate the importance of the livestock subsystem for balance and functioning of agroecosystems. The survey had a social character with a systems approach and relied on the Participatory Rural Appraisal tools, plus a semi-structured interview; an ethnobotanical survey to characterize the Collective Yard; an economic assessment and analysis of sustainability through systemic attributes. Family farms in Sitio Areias essentially occupy smallholdings of 0.2 to 16.0 ha. Livestock exhibits an apparent relationship between the available area and managed diversity of animal species. The product of this diversity of livestock appears with three hierarchically structured purposes, starting with the consumption, followed by marketing and donating or sharing. Cattleâs rising is no longer a viable option among the peasants of Sitio Areias. The poultry industry is more widespread among the families and its main purpose is to meet the self-consumption, but has a high potential of monetary income generation distributed throughout the year. The pig husbandry has demonstrated its importance in maintaining the financial position of the family dedicated to this activity, but needs to overcome difficulties such as poor sanitary management. Goat breeding has evolved in the community with the arrival of the Cabra Nossa de Cada Dia Project but does not meet any more the social role of providing daily milk to children's development. At Sitio Areias the Sustentare Project has been innovating with a strategy that seeks to communicate and to integrate, in a systemic way, several agroecosystems that usually are handled independently by different households. Thus, it challenges the approach centered in family agroecosystems and places the question of collective work, beyond the ideological perspective.
A sustentabilidade da produÃÃo animal em unidades familiares abrange conhecimentos agroecolÃgicos capazes de superar os efeitos danosos de um manejo inadequado. AlÃm disso, favorece a agrobiodiversidade, a seguranÃa alimentar e a aquisiÃÃo de renda, incluindo a atividade no processo de organizaÃÃo sÃcio econÃmica. Nessa perspectiva, o Projeto Sustentare propÃe a ascensÃo de uma agricultura conservadora, estimulando a participaÃÃo ativa dos atores sociais nas tomadas de decisÃes. Os objetivos do trabalho foram compreender a importÃncia do componente animal para as famÃlias participantes do Projeto Sustentare na comunidade SÃtio Areias; elaborar um documento sobre o panorama geral dos agroecossistemas que contemplam a atividade e avaliar a importÃncia do subsistema de criaÃÃo para o equilÃbrio e funcionamento dos ecossistemas agrÃcolas. A pesquisa teve carÃter social com uma abordagem sistÃmica e contou com ferramentas do DiagnÃstico Rural Participativo, alÃm de uma entrevista semiestruturada; de um levantamento etnobotÃnico para a caracterizaÃÃo do Quintal Coletivo; de uma avaliaÃÃo econÃmica e da anÃlise da sustentabilidade por meio de atributos sistÃmicos. A agricultura familiar no SÃtio Areias ocupa essencialmente minifÃndios de 0,2 a 16,0 ha. A criaÃÃo exibe uma aparente relaÃÃo entre a Ãrea disponÃvel e a diversidade de espÃcies animais manejadas. O produto dessa diversidade de criaÃÃes se apresenta com trÃs finalidades hierarquicamente estruturadas, iniciando com o consumo, seguido da comercializaÃÃo e da doaÃÃo ou partilha. A bovinocultura, nÃo Ã mais uma opÃÃo viÃvel entre os camponeses do SÃtio Areias. A avicultura estÃ mais generalizada entre as famÃlias, tendo como principal propÃsito atender o autoconsumo, mas apresenta elevado potencial de geraÃÃo de renda monetÃria distribuÃda ao longo do ano. A suinocultura tem demonstrado a sua relevÃncia na manutenÃÃo da situaÃÃo financeira da famÃlia dedicada a essa atividade, mas precisa superar dificuldades como o precÃrio manejo sanitÃrio. A caprinocultura evoluiu na comunidade com a chegada do Projeto Cabra Nossa de Cada Dia, mas nÃo cumpre mais o papel social de fornecer o leite diÃrio para o desenvolvimento infantil. No Sitio Areias, o Projeto Sustentare vem inovando com uma estratÃgia que busca comunicar e atÃ integrar, de forma sistÃmica, diferentes agroecossistemas que, usualmente, sÃo manejados de forma independente por diferentes nÃcleos familiares. Assim, desafia a abordagem centrada nos agroecossistemas familiares e recoloca a questÃo do trabalho coletivo, para alÃm da perspectiva ideolÃgica.

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Silva, Yuri Lopes. "O componente animal em agroecossistemas trabalhados pelo Projeto Sustentare na comunidade Sítio Areias, Sobral - Ce." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19293.

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SILVA, Yuri Lopes. O componente animal em agroecossistemas trabalhados pelo Projeto Sustentare na comunidade Sítio Areias, Sobral - CE. 2015. 124 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.
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Sustainability of livestock farming in family units covers agroecological knowledge capable of overcoming the harmful effects of inadequate management. Also, it promotes agricultural biodiversity, food security and the acquisition of income. In this perspective, the Sustentare Project proposes the rise of a conservative agriculture, encouraging the active participation of stakeholders in decision-making. The objectives were to understand the importance of livestock for the families participating in the Sustentare Project at Sitio Areias community; prepare a document on the overview of agroecosystems that include the activity and evaluate the importance of the livestock subsystem for balance and functioning of agroecosystems. The survey had a social character with a systems approach and relied on the Participatory Rural Appraisal tools, plus a semi-structured interview; an ethnobotanical survey to characterize the Collective Yard; an economic assessment and analysis of sustainability through systemic attributes. Family farms in Sitio Areias essentially occupy smallholdings of 0.2 to 16.0 ha. Livestock exhibits an apparent relationship between the available area and managed diversity of animal species. The product of this diversity of livestock appears with three hierarchically structured purposes, starting with the consumption, followed by marketing and donating or sharing. Cattle’s rising is no longer a viable option among the peasants of Sitio Areias. The poultry industry is more widespread among the families and its main purpose is to meet the self-consumption, but has a high potential of monetary income generation distributed throughout the year. The pig husbandry has demonstrated its importance in maintaining the financial position of the family dedicated to this activity, but needs to overcome difficulties such as poor sanitary management. Goat breeding has evolved in the community with the arrival of the Cabra Nossa de Cada Dia Project but does not meet any more the social role of providing daily milk to children's development. At Sitio Areias the Sustentare Project has been innovating with a strategy that seeks to communicate and to integrate, in a systemic way, several agroecosystems that usually are handled independently by different households. Thus, it challenges the approach centered in family agroecosystems and places the question of collective work, beyond the ideological perspective.
A sustentabilidade da produção animal em unidades familiares abrange conhecimentos agroecológicos capazes de superar os efeitos danosos de um manejo inadequado. Além disso, favorece a agrobiodiversidade, a segurança alimentar e a aquisição de renda, incluindo a atividade no processo de organização sócio econômica. Nessa perspectiva, o Projeto Sustentare propõe a ascensão de uma agricultura conservadora, estimulando a participação ativa dos atores sociais nas tomadas de decisões. Os objetivos do trabalho foram compreender a importância do componente animal para as famílias participantes do Projeto Sustentare na comunidade Sítio Areias; elaborar um documento sobre o panorama geral dos agroecossistemas que contemplam a atividade e avaliar a importância do subsistema de criação para o equilíbrio e funcionamento dos ecossistemas agrícolas. A pesquisa teve caráter social com uma abordagem sistêmica e contou com ferramentas do Diagnóstico Rural Participativo, além de uma entrevista semiestruturada; de um levantamento etnobotânico para a caracterização do Quintal Coletivo; de uma avaliação econômica e da análise da sustentabilidade por meio de atributos sistêmicos. A agricultura familiar no Sítio Areias ocupa essencialmente minifúndios de 0,2 a 16,0 ha. A criação exibe uma aparente relação entre a área disponível e a diversidade de espécies animais manejadas. O produto dessa diversidade de criações se apresenta com três finalidades hierarquicamente estruturadas, iniciando com o consumo, seguido da comercialização e da doação ou partilha. A bovinocultura, não é mais uma opção viável entre os camponeses do Sítio Areias. A avicultura está mais generalizada entre as famílias, tendo como principal propósito atender o autoconsumo, mas apresenta elevado potencial de geração de renda monetária distribuída ao longo do ano. A suinocultura tem demonstrado a sua relevância na manutenção da situação financeira da família dedicada a essa atividade, mas precisa superar dificuldades como o precário manejo sanitário. A caprinocultura evoluiu na comunidade com a chegada do Projeto Cabra Nossa de Cada Dia, mas não cumpre mais o papel social de fornecer o leite diário para o desenvolvimento infantil. No Sitio Areias, o Projeto Sustentare vem inovando com uma estratégia que busca comunicar e até integrar, de forma sistêmica, diferentes agroecossistemas que, usualmente, são manejados de forma independente por diferentes núcleos familiares. Assim, desafia a abordagem centrada nos agroecossistemas familiares e recoloca a questão do trabalho coletivo, para além da perspectiva ideológica.

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Porto, Rafael Gastal. "Caracterização da pecuária familiar na região da Campanha Meridional: estudo de caso no município de Bagé-RS." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2391.

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This thesis examines farm family livestock as a productive social framework in agricultural farming, under the numerous and different production, reproduction and manifestation systems, seen in Brazilian agriculture. In this sense, this study wants to show evidences of the existence of this social category in Bagé/RS, Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. The objective of this work was to characterize farm family livestock in terms of labour use, land structure, production systems, market access and opportunities, access to governmental resources and services and, finally to portray their social-demographic profile. Direct interviews were conducted with 40 family livestock farms during the months of May and June 2007, in the following rural areas: Palmas (Coxilha das Flores, Pedra Grande, Toca, Catarina and Lixiguana), Olhos D'Água, Coxilha do Haedo, Serrilhada and Santa Tecla, where independent specialized family farms are most representative. Multivariate analysis followed by statistical inference were used to examine the data. The features of these farms are adherent to the theoretical concepts of agricultural farming, as far as their own livestock production system characteristics and adaptability to the environment are concerned. Furthermore, these farm family livestock reveled characteristics of production unit of family base within the livestock sector analysed in this investigation. The results concluded that family livestock farms are of fundamental importance for sustainable agricultural development as far as the re-shaping of rural spaces and raise questions about the models of governmental infrastructure policies that should be put in place to meet this specific rural sector demands.
Esta pesquisa aborda a pecuária familiar como uma forma social produtiva no arcabouço da agricultura familiar, levando-se em consideração os diversos e distintos sistemas de produção, reprodução e manifestação verificados na agropecuária brasileira. Dessa forma, procura evidenciar a existência dessa categoria social no município de Bagé/RS que se encontra inserido na região da Campanha Meridional do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Objetiva-se, com o presente estudo, caracterizar a pecuária familiar no município no que se refere ao tipo de mão-de-obra utilizada, a estrutura fundiária das unidades de produção, os sistemas de produção, a inserção e a articulação em relação ao mercado, o acesso aos recursos e serviços públicos e, por fim, o perfil sócio-demográfico do pecuarista familiar. O trabalho de campo se deu através da aplicação de 40 questionários via entrevista direta aos produtores e foi realizado entre os meses de maio e junho de 2007 nas seguintes áreas rurais: Palmas (Coxilha das Flores, Pedra Grande, Toca, Catarina e Lixiguana), Olhos D Água, Coxilha do Haedo, Serrilhada e Santa Tecla, mais representativas desse universo. O método utilizado se fundamentou na análise multivariada dos dados e, posteriormente, procedeu-se à inferência estatística. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que a pecuária familiar se mostra aderente ao conceito de agricultura familiar levando-se em consideração suas especificidades próprias, inerentes ao processo produtivo pecuário, e se constituindo em sistemas de produção adaptados ao meio ao qual estão inseridos. Assim sendo, observa-se que os resultados revelam características de unidade de produção de base familiar à categoria de pecuária analisada nesta investigação enquanto objeto de estudo. Os resultados permitem concluir que a pecuária familiar se mostra de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento sustentável, para a reconfiguração dos espaços rurais e para a discussão da temática de políticas públicas convergentes às reais necessidades desse público específico.

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Cesaro, Jean-Daniel. "Une croissance sans limite ? : vers une nouvelle géographie de l’élevage au Vietnam." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100131/document.

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Depuis les années 1990, le secteur de l’élevage au Vietnam subit des transformations rapides et profondes. Les productions de viande et de lait sont passées d’un système d’élevage familial intégré aux activités agricoles à un mode plus intensif et largement industrialisé. Les grandes exploitations capitalistiques se substituent progressivement à la petite paysannerie. Cette évolution soulève un certain nombre d’enjeux spatiaux. Le développement des villes, l’implantation des usines d’alimentation animale dans les campagnes, la relocalisation des bassins de production et l’essor de la production de maïs entrainent une réorganisation complète de la géographie de l’élevage au Vietnam. Cette dynamique spatiale est largement méconnue alors même qu’elle s’accélère depuis l’entrée du pays dans l’OMC en 2007. Cette thèse s’intéresse en particulier à trois districts – Thong Nhat, Mai Son et Ba Vi – dans lesquels l’élevage est une composante majeure du développement local. Les principaux résultats de cette thèse montrent que la concentration spatiale des systèmes d’élevage industriel dans un nombre réduit de régions est de fait organisée par un partenariat étroit entre autorités politiques et firmes privées qui privilégient les bénéfices économiques de cette industrialisation. Cependant, les autorités locales et les firmes impliquées peinent à prendre en compte les préjudices à moyen-terme de l’agglomération des systèmes de production sur la durabilité des anthroposystèmes. La gestion des milieux apparait laissée à la charge des communautés locales, et les fonctions de l’agriculture évoluent progressivement vers le recyclage des externalités du système d’élevage industriel
Since the 1990’s, livestock sector in Vietnam has been deeply changing. Meat and milk productions are mouving from a mixed farming system towards a more intensive and industrialized production model. Concentrated animal feeding operations are progressively replacing small-scale livestock farming. This transition raises specific spatial issues. Expansion of urban areas, location of feed mills in rural areas, relocation of intensive production areas lead to a complete reorganization of the geography of livestock sector in Vietnam. This spatial dynamic is becoming an issue, especially since Vietnam has joined WTO in 2007. This thesis focuses on three districts – Thong Nhat, Mai Son et Ba Vì – where livestock plays a major role in local development. We show that spatial concentration of industrial production systems occurs in a limited number of regions. This dynamics appears to be organized by a close partnership between local authorities and private firms, with a focus on economic benefit. However, those stakeholders seem not to be in condition to manage all medium term impacts of this concentration on anthroposystem sustainability. Most of the challenges related to the Environmental management of industrial livestock systems remains in the hands of local communities. The role of agriculture progressively evolves towards the recycling of industrial livestock systems effluents

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Dakpo, K. Hervé. "Non-parametric modelling of pollution-generating technologies : theoretical and methodological considerations, with an application to the case of greenhouse gas emissions in suckler breeding systems in French grassland areas." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF10474/document.

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La prise en compte des problèmes environnementaux dans la responsabilité sociale des entreprises a généré en économie de nombreuses propositions. Parmi elles, le cadre d’analyse basé sur l’évaluation de la performance en utilisant notamment les techniques d’enveloppement des données (DEA) s’est très vite répandu dans la littérature théorique comme empirique. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans cette logique en mettant l’accent sur la modélisation des technologies polluantes. Par ailleurs, la question des changements climatiques et de la forte contribution de l’agriculture et en particulier de l’élevage dans les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) impose à ce secteur de relever aujourd’hui en plus du défi économique celui de l’amélioration de sa performance environnementale. L’objectif général de cette recherche doctorale est donc de fournir un nouveau cadre d’analyse théorique et empirique dans la modélisation des technologies polluantes afin d’évaluer l’éco-efficience des systèmes productifs, en particulier le cas des émissions de GES en élevage extensif de ruminants. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons les limites théoriques et méthodologiques des modèles existants. Néanmoins, nous insistons sur le fait que les approches basées sur l’estimation de plusieurs sous-technologies indépendantes pour prendre en compte les différents processus présents dans les systèmes productifs sont très prometteuses. Dès lors dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une nouvelle extension de la méthode « by-production » qui repose sur l’introduction d’interconnections entre les différentes sous-technologies impliquées afin de construire un système plus unifié. Dans un troisième temps, une comparaison empirique utilisant des données d’exploitations de viande ovine de notre extension avec les approches existantes a révélé certaines incohérences de ces dernières. Enfin pour aller plus loin, nous élargissons dans un quatrième temps notre approche afin de prendre en compte les aspects dynamiques et notamment la présence de coûts d’ajustement. Les résultats de l’analyse empirique entreprise avec des données d’exploitations bovines allaitantes (viande) ont révélé la nécessité de prendre en compte ces aspects, mais ont aussi révélé la forte hétérogénéité existante dans les stratégies d’investissements des éleveurs
The growing importance of environmental matters in social responsibility of firms has generated many frameworks of analysis in the economic literature. Among those frameworks, performance evaluation and benchmarking using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have increased at a very fast rate. This PhD research focuses on models that include undesirable outputs such as pollution in the overall production system, to appraise eco-efficiency of decision making units (DMUs). Besides, the recent awareness on the large contribution of agriculture and particularly livestock farming to global warming, has highlighted for this sector the challenge of reaching both economic and environmental performances. In this line, the overall objective of this dissertation is to provide a theoretical and empirical background in modelling pollution-generating technologies and to suggest theoretical improvements that are consistent with the particular case of greenhouse gas emissions in extensive livestock systems. Firstly, we showed that all existing approaches that deal with undesirable outputs in the non-parametric analysis (i.e. DEA) have some strong drawbacks. However, the models grounded on the estimation of multiple independent sub-technologies offer interesting opportunities. Secondly, I developed a new framework that extends the by-production approach through the introduction of some explicit dependence constraints that link the sub-technologies in order to build a unified system. Thirdly, an empirical comparison, using a sample of French sheep meat farms, of this by-production modelling extension with the existing approaches, revealed some inconsistencies of these latter. Finally, we expanded this new by-production formulation to account for dynamic aspects related to the presence of adjustment costs. The application to the case of French suckler cow farms underlined the necessity of accounting for dynamic aspects and also showed high heterogeneity in investment strategies of these farmers

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PHAM, HUONG GIANG. "Study on material cycles and waste management of an integrated crop-livestock-fish farming system in suburban Hanoi, Vietnam." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199483.

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Faye, Jean. "Agroforestry Systems and Food Security in the Sahel: The Case of Toukar, Senegal." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13309.

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Communities in the Sahel region are confronted with problems such as depletion of soil fertility, food insecurity, and climate change, which exacerbate poverty and malnutrition for the inhabitants. The farmlands in Toukar, Senegal, are rapidly denuded of native trees, mainly Acacia albida, that provide myriad benefits. Agroforestry systems, or the intentional use of trees in croplands, have become a potential vehicle to transform the capacities of subsistence farmers to achieve food security. The purpose of this study is to determine farmers' attitudes about agroforestry, who seems to practice it and support it, who is unsure about its values, and who seems opposed to it. I find that farmers who practice a more intact historic version of the Serer farming system are the most supportive of agroforestry and tend to be wealthier, while people who are seemingly more modern are less likely to adopt it and tend to be poorer.

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Ngxetwane, Vuyolwethu. "Integrated crop-livestock farming system for sustainable economic empowerment of small-scale and emerging farmers in the former homeland of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa: a case study of Ciskei area in Nkonkobe municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/459.

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For decades, there has been significant investment in the development of agricultural technologies that aim to increase productivity of smallholder farmers in Africa. But farm output and productivity have stagnated and poverty rates have remained high and even increasing in some areas. At the same time, increases in human population levels have resulted in rising demand for food as well as for arable land. The growing intensification of farming has been accompanied by degradation of wild lands, including tropical forests and wetlands, at an alarming rate. Further pressure on fragile land has come from associated urbanization, leading to agricultural land being converted to residential and industrial uses with serious consequences for agricultural production and food supply. The recent increases in food prices across the globe as well as South Africa have drawn attention to this problem even more strongly. The main objective of the current study was to investigate farmer’s perception of the relative importance of crop-livestock integration in the small holder farming systems. Data were collected from 70 emerging and smallholder farmers selected by stratified random sampling in the communities surrounding Alice, Middledrift and the Seymour- Balfour area of Nkonkobe municipality of the Eastern Cape Province. To collect the data, a semi-structure questionnaire was administered to the respondents through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the farmers in terms of their socio-economic and demographic backgrounds. A series of multiple linear regression models and a binary logistic regression equation were fitted to determine the factors influencing farmers’ perception and how these in turn contribute to the decision to adopt or not to adopt crop-livestock integration. The results of the study reveal that small farmers in the Nkonkobe municipality have the possibility of realizing immense benefits from the integrated systems which also have the potential to lead to substantial improvements of the physical, chemical and biological soil properties. There is clear evidence of widespread interest to experiment with the practices based on the strong positive perceptions that a majority of the survey farmers exhibited during the course of the survey. But the farmers are facing challenges in coping with the associated complexities of competition on land, and management skill which are often in limited supply. That in most cases is not enough and efficient even to manage one of these two enterprises alone and reduction in crops yield due to use of manure as a substitute of fertilizer. Constraints to integrating crops and livestock include the competition for resources, especially land. Managing two types of farming on the same farm was perceived as difficult and many respondents held the view that use of waste of one enterprise as input to the other enterprise can reduce productivity. For example some farmers considered that the use of manure to improve soil fertility may not lead to output growth to the same extent as the use of fertilizer. A number of farmers (86%) pointed out that they only market their produce after deducting their consumption share, highlighting the crucial role of food security as a motivation for crop-livestock integration. Complementation of inputs rather than substituting inputs is required to render the system more productive and sustainable as costs are minimized and output is boosted. Associations of grain and livestock producers are useful for filling these gaps which include limited access to credit, technology and knowledge and can promote the adoption of a crop-livestock system.

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Queiroz, Renata Fernandes de. "Consórcio de milho com Urochloa ruziziensis em dois espaçamentos e modalidades de semeadura." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/20227.

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QUEIROZ, Renata Fernandes de. Consórcio de milho com Urochloa ruziziensis em dois espaçamentos e modalidades de semeadura. 2015. 89 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.
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The no tillage system (SPD) is a conservation practice that aims to more sustainable production system and is able to be reproduced in large areas of land. The maize grown in SPD says the culture of compatibility in consortium with forage, mainly with fodder generic taxon Urochloa that have great potential for the production of straw without interfering in grain production. The objective of this study was to identify the appropriate spatial arrangement for the maize crop in consortium with Urochloa ruziziensis taking into account productive aspects of grain, straw and operating the mechanized sowing system. The experiment was conducted experimental area of the Laboratory of Machines and Agricultural Mechanization of UNESP / Jaboticabal- SP, in Rhodic Eutrudox, clayey in the period from January to July of 2014 with experimental design randomized blocks with eight treatments in scheme factorial 2x3 + 2, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of two spacings of maize (0.45 and 0.90 m) and three types of Urochloa ruziziensis consortium with corn (Urochloa sown at line; Urochloa throwing sowing at the sowing of maize, Urochloa throwing sowing at V4 stage of maize) + Witness (single maize): E1M1- maize spaced 0.45 m intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis sown at maize line; E1M2 - sown maize on 0.45 m spacing intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis throwing sowing at sowing of maize; E1M3 - maize sown in 0.45 m spacing with Urochloa ruziziensis sown by broadcasting at V4 stage of maize; E2M1- maize spaced 0.90 m intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis sown at maize line; E2M2 - sown maize on 0.45 m spacing intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis throwing sowing at sowing of maize; E2M3 - maize sown in 0.90 m spacing with Urochloa ruziziensis sown by broadcasting at V4 stage of maize; T1 - single maize sown in the spacing of 0.45 m; T2 - single maize sown in the spacing of 0.90 m. The results showed that intercropping maize to 0.90 m with Urochloa ruziziensis at sowing line provided better grain production results without interfering with the production of plant dry matter of Urochloa and getting better results for the operating conditions of mechanized sowing.
O sistema plantio direto (SPD) é uma prática conservacionista que visa maior sustentabilidade do sistema produtivo e é capaz de ser reproduzida em grandes extensões de área. O milho cultivado em SPD relata a compatibilidade da cultura em consórcio com forrageiras, principalmente com forrageiras do táxon genérico Urochloa que possuem grande potencial para produção de palhada sem interferir na produção de grãos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar o arranjo espacial adequado para a cultura do milho em consórcio com a Urochloa ruziziensis levando em consideração aspectos produtivos de grãos, palhada e operacionais do sistema mecanizado de semeadura. O experimento foi instalado área experimental do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola da UNESP/Jaboticabal-SP, em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico típico, textura argilosa, no período de janeiro a julho do ano de 2014 com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 8 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x3+2, com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois espaçamentos da cultura do milho (0,45 e 0,90 m) e três modalidades de consórcio da Urochloa ruziziensis com o milho (Urochloa semeada na linha; Urochloa semeada a lanço junto à semeadura do milho, Urochloa semeada a lanço no estádio V4 do milho) + Testemunha (milho solteiro): E1M1- milho no espaçamento 0,45 m consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada na linha junto a semeadura do milho; E1M2 – milho semeado no espaçamento 0,45 m consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada a lanço junto a semeadura do milho; E1M3 - milho semeado no espaçamento 0,45 m com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada a lanço no estádio V4 do milho; E2M1- milho no espaçamento 0,90 m consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada na linha junto a semeadura do milho; E2M2 – milho semeado no espaçamento 0,90 m consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada a lanço junto a semeadura do milho; E2M3 - milho semeado no espaçamento 0,90 m com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada a lanço no estádio V4 do milho; T1- milho solteiro semeado no espaçamento de 0,45 m; T2 – milho solteiro semeado no espaçamento de 0,90 m. Os resultados demonstraram que a consorciação do milho a 0,90 m com Urochloa ruziziensis na linha de semeadura proporcionaram melhores resultados de produção de grãos sem interferir na produção de matéria seca vegetal da Urochloa e obtendo melhores resultados para as condições mecanizadas operacionais de semeadura.

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25

Blanchard, Mélanie. "Gestion de la fertilité des sols et rôle du troupeau dans les systèmes coton-céréales-élevage au Mali-Sud : savoirs techniques locaux et pratiques d’intégration agriculture élevage." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1047/document.

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Dans la zone Mali-Sud, l'augmentation démographique, le développement de la culture cotonnière et, parallèlement, des systèmes d'élevage ont entraîné une augmentation des surfaces cultivées, une réduction du temps de mise en jachère et un passage progressif à la culture continue. L'espace pastoral est réduit aux terres pas encore mises en culture. Dans un contexte climatique, économique et institutionnel difficile, on cherche à faire évoluer les pratiques de gestion de la fertilité des sols et d'alimentation des animaux pour renforcer les systèmes de production et ne pas hypothéquer leur durabilité. De nouvelles postures de recherche visent à transformer les situations, produire des connaissances et renforcer l'implication des acteurs. Les références élaborées par la recherche doivent être compréhensibles par l'ensemble des acteurs et prendre en compte les savoirs techniques locaux des praticiens. Cette prise en compte dans l'analyse des pratiques de gestion de la fertilité des sols permet-elle de produire des connaissances nouvelles sur les pratiques, de formuler des propositions techniques ou d'améliorer les relations recherche-vulgarisation-paysans ? Nous proposons de tester un cadre d'analyse des pratiques de gestion de fertilité des sols en nous basant sur une caractérisation préalable des savoirs techniques locaux. Ce travail est mené auprès de paysans de deux villages du Mali-Sud. La lecture des relations savoirs-pratiques permet d'apprécier la pertinence des savoirs techniques locaux, d'enrichir la description des pratiques agricoles et d'évaluer l'intérêt de cette approche pour les sciences agronomiques et pour le développement agricole
Soil fertility management and herd role in the cotton-cereals-livestock systems in south Mali, technical local knowledge and crop-livestock farming practices. In the south Mali, population growth, joint development of cotton-crop and breeding system furthered the extension of cultivated lands, furthered the development of letting fallow land for a short-lived and the extension of lands cultivated in a continuous way. The pastoral lands are limited to the none cultivated areas. In a difficult context made off climatic hazard, economic crises and institutional uncertainty, the evolution of soil fertility practices and pastoral practices is looked up to enhance the farming systems and not mortgage their sustainability. New scientific approaches aim at changing the crop and breeding systems, at producing new knowledges and at reinforcing the farmer´s involvement. The technical references developed must be understandable by the farmers and the researchers and must integrate their local technical knowledges. Does the consideration of local technical knowledges in the soil fertility practices analysis enable to produce new knowledges on the practices, to elaborate technical proposals or improve the relations between researchers and farmers? We suggest to test a scientific approach to investigate soil fertility practices with the support of the characterization of the local technical knowledges. This work is performed with farmers of two villages of the South Mali. Analysis of knowledges and practices relations allows to appreciate the relevance of the local technical knowledges, allows to improve farming practices description and to assess the interest of this research method for agricultural sciences and the agricultural development

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26

Chang, Chullee. "Ökologischer Landbau in Südkorea." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15158.

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Ökologischer Landbau hat insbesondere in den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren weltweit an Bedeutung zugenommen. Im Zusammenhang mit Ernährungssicherung, ressourcenschonender Landwirtschaft und Umweltschutz ist die Entwicklung und Förderung dieses Bewirtschaftungssystems in vielen Ländern der Erde auf der Agenda. Landwirte, Verbraucher und Politiker verbinden damit die Hoffnung, Landnutzung nachhaltiger betreiben zu können und durch die Kenntnis der naturwissenschaftlichen Zusammenhänge, den Umgang mit pflanzlichen und tierischen Organismen in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion wesensgemäßer gestalten zu können. Gleichzeitig entsprechen sie damit der Forderung von Konsumenten nach gesunden, nicht belasteten Lebensmitteln und einer intakten Umwelt. Obwohl wir weltweit die Einführung und Etablierung des Bewirtschaftungssystems ökologischer Landbau beobachten können, ist festzustellen, dass die Gründe, Wurzeln und Erscheinungsformen in den einzelnen Ländern unterschiedlich sind. Deshalb sind länderspezifische Analysen und Bewertungen notwendige Beiträge zur Theoriebildung zum ökologischen Landbau. In diesen Kontext ist die vorliegende Arbeit zu stellen. Gegenstand der Arbeit war die Analyse des gegenwärtigen Entwicklungsstandes des ökologischen Landbaus in Südkorea in den Bereichen, wie Entwicklungsgeschichte, Konzeptionen, Institutionen, Produktion und Vermarktung sowie Zertifizierung und Förderungspolitik. In einer Fallstudie wurden ausgewählte ökologisch (Yuki)-wirtschaftende Betriebe analysiert. Es werden damit Lösungsansätze zur Weiterentwicklung des ökologischen Landbaus in Südkorea dargestellt.
Organic farming has increased in meaning world-widely in particular in the past two decades. In relation to securing food supply, resource-preserving farming and environmental protection are the development and promotion of this management system in many countries on the agenda. Organic farming made it possible that farmers, consumers and politicians hope to manage land in a sustainable way, and achieve the handling of vegetable and animal organisms in the agricultural production in a suitable way. At the same time it corresponds to the need of con-sumers for healthy, not polluted food and intact environment. Although we can observe the introduction and establishment of the management system of organic farming in many countries, it needs to specify that that the reasons, roots and manifestations of organic farming in each country are different. Therefore, individual analysis and evaluation for each country necessarily contribute to build their own theory of organic farming. This work has to be viewed in this respect. The purpose of this work is to clarify: - the basic conditions of the organic farming in South Korea, - the practical change of organic farming based on the case study of organic rice cultivation and - the ideas for developing strategy of organic farming in South Korea.

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27

Queiroz, Renata Fernandes de. "Consortium of maize with Urochloa ruziziensis in two spaces and modalities sowing." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15387.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
The no tillage system (SPD) is a conservation practice that aims to more sustainable production system and is able to be reproduced in large areas of land. The maize grown in SPD says the culture of compatibility in consortium with forage, mainly with fodder generic taxon Urochloa that have great potential for the production of straw without interfering in grain production. The objective of this study was to identify the appropriate spatial arrangement for the maize crop in consortium with Urochloa ruziziensis taking into account productive aspects of grain, straw and operating the mechanized sowing system. The experiment was conducted experimental area of the Laboratory of Machines and Agricultural Mechanization of UNESP / Jaboticabal- SP, in Rhodic Eutrudox, clayey in the period from January to July of 2014 with experimental design randomized blocks with eight treatments in scheme factorial 2x3 + 2, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of two spacings of maize (0.45 and 0.90 m) and three types of Urochloa ruziziensis consortium with corn (Urochloa sown at line; Urochloa throwing sowing at the sowing of maize, Urochloa throwing sowing at V4 stage of maize) + Witness (single maize): E1M1- maize spaced 0.45 m intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis sown at maize line; E1M2 - sown maize on 0.45 m spacing intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis throwing sowing at sowing of maize; E1M3 - maize sown in 0.45 m spacing with Urochloa ruziziensis sown by broadcasting at V4 stage of maize; E2M1- maize spaced 0.90 m intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis sown at maize line; E2M2 - sown maize on 0.45 m spacing intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis throwing sowing at sowing of maize; E2M3 - maize sown in 0.90 m spacing with Urochloa ruziziensis sown by broadcasting at V4 stage of maize; T1 - single maize sown in the spacing of 0.45 m; T2 - single maize sown in the spacing of 0.90 m. The results showed that intercropping maize to 0.90 m with Urochloa ruziziensis at sowing line provided better grain production results without interfering with the production of plant dry matter of Urochloa and getting better results for the operating conditions of mechanized sowing.
O sistema plantio direto (SPD) Ã uma prÃtica conservacionista que visa maior sustentabilidade do sistema produtivo e Ã capaz de ser reproduzida em grandes extensÃes de Ãrea. O milho cultivado em SPD relata a compatibilidade da cultura em consÃrcio com forrageiras, principalmente com forrageiras do tÃxon genÃrico Urochloa que possuem grande potencial para produÃÃo de palhada sem interferir na produÃÃo de grÃos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar o arranjo espacial adequado para a cultura do milho em consÃrcio com a Urochloa ruziziensis levando em consideraÃÃo aspectos produtivos de grÃos, palhada e operacionais do sistema mecanizado de semeadura. O experimento foi instalado Ãrea experimental do LaboratÃrio de MÃquinas e MecanizaÃÃo AgrÃcola da UNESP/Jaboticabal-SP, em Latossolo Vermelho eutrofÃrrico tÃpico, textura argilosa, no perÃodo de janeiro a julho do ano de 2014 com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 8 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x3+2, com 4 repetiÃÃes. Os tratamentos foram constituÃdos por dois espaÃamentos da cultura do milho (0,45 e 0,90 m) e trÃs modalidades de consÃrcio da Urochloa ruziziensis com o milho (Urochloa semeada na linha; Urochloa semeada a lanÃo junto Ã semeadura do milho, Urochloa semeada a lanÃo no estÃdio V4 do milho) + Testemunha (milho solteiro): E1M1- milho no espaÃamento 0,45 m consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada na linha junto a semeadura do milho; E1M2 â milho semeado no espaÃamento 0,45 m consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada a lanÃo junto a semeadura do milho; E1M3 - milho semeado no espaÃamento 0,45 m com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada a lanÃo no estÃdio V4 do milho; E2M1- milho no espaÃamento 0,90 m consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada na linha junto a semeadura do milho; E2M2 â milho semeado no espaÃamento 0,90 m consorciado com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada a lanÃo junto a semeadura do milho; E2M3 - milho semeado no espaÃamento 0,90 m com Urochloa ruziziensis semeada a lanÃo no estÃdio V4 do milho; T1- milho solteiro semeado no espaÃamento de 0,45 m; T2 â milho solteiro semeado no espaÃamento de 0,90 m. Os resultados demonstraram que a consorciaÃÃo do milho a 0,90 m com Urochloa ruziziensis na linha de semeadura proporcionaram melhores resultados de produÃÃo de grÃos sem interferir na produÃÃo de matÃria seca vegetal da Urochloa e obtendo melhores resultados para as condiÃÃes mecanizadas operacionais de semeadura.

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28

Possamai, Roberta Cristina. "Análise de viabilidade econômica da implantação do sistema integração lavoura-pecuária (iLP) no bioma cerrado." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17946.

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Under what technical and market conditions does an integrated croplivestock system (iLP) become economically viable in the Brazilian Savanna? Despite the productive and environmental advantages of the iLP systems and the conditions that make them technically feasible, the evaluation of their economic viability is fundamental for the implementation, consolidation and expansion of this modality of productive arrangement. The objective of this study is to evaluate under what technical and market conditions an iLP system becomes economically viable or ceases to be. In order to carry out such analysis, the analysis started with a representative (hypothetical) farm located in the Brazilian Savanna biome. The assessment of economic viability was based on the analysis of the Discounted Cash Flow of this farm and considered the 2016 economic and financial indicators as the base scenario. Based on that scenario, the study also evaluated how the economic viability of an iLP project changes from shocks on key variables. Among the results, it is noteworthy that, although the iLP system has proved to be economically profitable in most of the simulated scenarios, cyclical changes decisively affect the economic viability of the project.
Sob quais condições técnicas e de mercado um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (iLP) se torna economicamente viável no Cerrado? Em que pese as vantagens produtivas e ambientais dos sistemas iLP e as condições que os tornam tecnicamente factíveis, a avaliação de sua viabilidade econômica é fundamental para a implementação, consolidação e expansão dessa modalidade de arranjo produtivo. O objetivo dessa dissertação é avaliar sob quais condições técnicas e de mercado um sistema iLP se torna ou deixa de ser economicamente viável. Para realizar tal análise, partiu-se de uma propriedade rural representativa (hipotética) localizada no bioma Cerrado. A avaliação da viabilidade econômica se deu por meio da análise do Fluxo de Caixa Descontado dessa propriedade, considerando como cenário referencial os indicadores econômico-financeiros de 2016 (dados secundários). A partir desse cenário base e dando choques na principais variáveis do sistema, foram simulados cenários alternativos de forma a identificar sob quais condições o projeto se torna ou deixa de ser economicamente viável. Entre os resultados encontrados, destaca-se que, embora o sistema iLP tenha se mostrado economicamente rentável na maioria dos cenários simulados, alterações conjunturais afetam de forma decisiva a viabilidade econômica do projeto.

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29

Delanoue, Elsa. "Débats et mobilisations autour de l’élevage : analyse d’une controverse." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20040/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’interroger la controverse autour de l’élevage et d’en étudier sa dynamique pour analyser le processus par lequel elle aboutit à une transformation des normes sociales. Pour cela, la controverse est abordée par une analyse systémique permettant de rendre compte de la complexité des relations causales entre ses multiples dimensions et ses différentes échelles d’expression. Les techniques de collecte et d’analyse des données reposent sur des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives pour cerner au plus près les processus sociaux étudiés. Une analyse sociohistorique permet d’ancrer le processus de transformation des normes dans le long terme et montre que, depuis le XIXème siècle, le système productiviste suscite des incertitudes quant à son application dans le domaine agricole, en particulier dans ses conséquences sur les animaux et l’environnement. La description des éléments de la controverse montre qu’elle se structure autour d’incertitudes scientifiques et éthiques auxquelles les parties prenantes de la controverse, que sont le monde de l’élevage et le monde associatif, doivent apporter des réponses. L’analyse de l’audience de la controverse auprès du public permet d’identifier une variété des manières de penser l’élevage, qui s’exprime au sein d’un forum hybride dans lequel une multitude d’acteurs contribuent à donner du sens à l’activité. Les rapports de force entre les acteurs déséquilibrent toutefois les capacités de chacun à influencer cette construction des normes. Globalement, c’est vers une prise de distance avec une forme d’élevage perçue comme industrielle et artificielle qu’évoluent les normes règlementaires, professionnelles et culturelles
The objective of this thesis is to question the controversy about livestock farming and to study its dynamic to then analyse the process by which this controversy results in a transformation of social norms. For that purpose, the controversy is addressed by a systemic analysis that enables to reflect the complexity of causal relations between its various aspects and its different scales of expression. Techniques of data collection and analysis lie on qualitative and quantitative methods in order to understand more precisely the social processes studied. A sociohistorical analysis enables to integrate the process of norms transformation in the long run and to show that, since the 19th century, the productiondriven system creates uncertainty regarding its application in the agricultural area, mainly in its consequences on animals and the environment. The description of the controversy elements shows that the controversy is structured around scientific and ethical uncertainties. Stakeholders of the controversy (the livestock sector and the associative sector) must come up with some answers to these scientific and ethical uncertainties. The analysis of the interest of the public for this controversy enables to identify a variety of ways of thinking the livestock farming that express among a hybrid forum in which a large number of actors contribute to make sense to this activity. However, power relations between the actors unbalance the capacities of each one to influence this norms construction. Globally, regulatory standards, professional and cultural norms are changing towards a distancing with a livestock farming form that is perceived as industrial and artificial

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30

Nettier, Baptiste. "Adaptation au changement climatique sur les alpages. Modéliser le système alpage-exploitations pour renouveler les cadres d'analyse de la gestion des alpages par les sytèmes pastoraux." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22707/document.

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Les alpages sont des espaces utilisés par la majorité des exploitations d’élevage de montagne et de Provence, qui y envoient tout ou partie de leurs troupeaux durant la saison estivale. Ce sont des milieux très riches sur le plan environnemental, mais aussi très fragiles et gérés exclusivement par le pâturage des troupeaux, constituant de ce fait des espaces particuliers dans la problématique de l’adaptation au changement climatique pour les systèmes d’élevage provençaux et de montagne. Or le constat est fait que les approches de diagnostic d’alpage et les références utilisées au plan pastoral présentent des lacunes pour appréhender la gestion dynamique des alpages : vision statique des végétations d’alpage et des pratiques, prise en compte des aléas et de la variabilité interannuelle souvent réduite à un coefficient forfaitaire de sécurité... et pas de prise en considération des interactions entre alpage et exploitations utilisatrices. Afin de renouveler ces cadres d’analyse, notre travail de thèse propose une modélisation conceptuelle du fonctionnement du système « alpage-exploitations », intégrant les plans biophysique et de la gestion. La construction du modèle s’appuie sur la combinaison de travaux en écologie et en agronomie « système », et de dires d’expert (modélisation participative). Le modèle est mis à l’épreuve sur une diversité de cas, issus du réseau Alpages Sentinelles dans le massif Alpin. Une analyse de la vulnérabilité des systèmes à la recrudescence des aléas climatiques est effectuée en étudiant leur exposition aux aléas puis leur sensibilité ; afin d’intégrer la dynamique de long terme du changement climatique dans la gestion des alpages, une analyse mobilisant les théories de la résilience socio-écologique est proposée en complément
Alpine pastures, or mountain summer pastures can be defined as permanent grasslands used in summer by mountain and surrounding plains farmers (especially Provence in the French Alps). They are rich but fragile ecosystems, managed exclusively through the grazing of herds. Therefore adaptation to climate change is very specific on these spaces. Pastoral diagnosis methods and technical references are insufficient to analyse dynamic management of summer mountain pastures: static vision of vegetation and practices, climatic hazards considered only through a security coefficient, and no consideration for interactions between summer pastures and farms. In order to renew these analytical frameworks, our PhD thesis proposes a conceptual model of how the system “mountain summer pastures-farm” works, both in biophysical terms and in terms of management. The building of this model relies both on researches in ecology and agronomy, and on participatory modelling. We evaluate the model through an analysis of the vulnerability to climatic hazards of a diversified sample of systems. In order to take into account long term dynamics of climate change, we also mobilise the theories of social-ecological resilience

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31

Moraine, Marc. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes de production intégrant culture et élevage à l'échelle du territoire." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0050/document.

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L’intégration culture – élevage à l’échelle territoire représente une voie pour améliorer le fonctionnement métabolique et les services écosystémiques fournis par les systèmes agricoles, malgré les contraintes de spécialisation des exploitations. Cette thèse propose une méthodologie de conception de systèmes culture – élevage au niveau du territoire, dans une démarche participative structurée en trois grandes étapes : diagnostic des enjeux, conception d’options techniques et organisationnelles, évaluation multicritère. Chaque étape est outillée par un cadre conceptuel et une grille d’évaluation multicritère adaptée aux dispositifs de terrain menés sur le bassin versant de l’Aveyron. Les scénarios construits présentent deux modèles de l’intégration culture – élevage : une « filière territorialisée » pour la production de luzerne dans les systèmes de culture de l’aval du bassin à destination des élevages de l’amont, un « collectif d’agriculteurs bio » échangeant directement de la luzerne, des méteils et du fumier dans des groupes locaux. Chaque scénario présente des performances de durabilité améliorées et pourraient être complémentaires pour le changement de pratiques sur le territoire. La méthodologie développée permet la conception multi-niveaux et multi-domaines de scénarios d’intégration, et pourrait être renforcée par une évaluation quantitative des bénéfices attendus et des coûts de coordination entre acteurs
Crop-livestock integration at territory level may be a pathway to impove metabolic functions and delivery of ecosystem services in agricultural systems, overcoming the constraints of farm specialization. This thesis builds on a methodology of participatory design of integrated crop-livestock systems at territory level in three steps: diagnosis of issues, design of technical and organizational options for change, multicriteria assessment. Each step is supported with a conceptual framework and a multicriteria grid adapted to the case study in Aveyron river basin. The designed scenarios show two approaches of crop –livestock integration: the introduction of alfalfa in downstream cropping systems sold to upstream livestock systems through a local supply chain and the direct exchanges of alfalfa, cereal-legume mixtures and animal manure in local groups of organic farmers. Both scenario present improved sustainability performances and could be complementary to initiate more sustainable practices in local farming systems. The methodology allows designing multi-level and multi-domain scenarios of crop-livestock integration. It could be improved with models for quantitative assessment of benefits and coordination costs among stakeholders

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Plassin, Sophie. "Élever des bovins dans des paysages éco-efficients. Comprendre et modéliser le processus d’intensification dans les fermes d’élevage d’Amazonie orientale brésilienne." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0028.

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Après 50 ans d’avancée des fronts pionniers, l’Amazonie orientale brésilienne aborde une phase de transition agraire. Face à la fermeture de la frontière limitant l’accès au foncier et à la fertilité forestière, les éleveurs bovins ont initié un mouvement d’intensification de l’usage des sols. Malgré les enjeux environnementaux que soulèvent de tels changements, cette dynamique d’intensification est encore mal comprise, notamment dans sa dimension spatiale et dans sa capacité à favoriser des paysages éco-efficients, c’est-à-dire des paysages au sein desquels les pratiques et leur localisation optimiseraient l’utilisation des ressources naturelles. Pour adresser ces questions, cette thèse propose de décrire et modéliser les interactions entre le système de décision des exploitants, les paysages et leurs ressources dans une diversité de fermes d’élevage.Dans un premier temps, un travail de terrain a été conduit dans deux territoires au sud et sud-est de l’Etat du Pará, Paragominas et Redenção. A partir d’enquêtes et d’une analyse des trajectoires d’exploitation et des paysages, nous avons caractérisé six types de stratégies d’intensification, qualifié leurs effets sur un certain nombre de ressources naturelles et étudié les perceptions des éleveurs sur ces ressources. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons développé un modèle multi-agents afin de simuler sur 20 ans les effets des stratégies d’intensification sur les paysages et leurs ressources et évaluer la faisabilité d’adoption de ces stratégies dans différentes situations agraires. Le modèle a été utilisé pour explorer deux scénarios d’intensification : l’un semi-intensif basé uniquement sur une conduite améliorée des pâturages, et l’autre intensif basé sur l’intégration agriculture-élevage et l’irrigation.Les résultats montrent que le processus d’intensification conduit à une reconfiguration des usages des sols dans les paysages. Après une phase de colonisation où l’occupation des sols était essentiellement guidée par l’appropriation du foncier, les éleveurs ont tendance à intensifier les parcelles aux conditions biophysiques les plus favorables à la production fourragère et les plus proches et accessibles. Ces stratégies visent à mieux valoriser diverses ressources naturelles (topographie, fertilité et drainage des sols, eau de surface ou souterraine pour l’irrigation) et à optimiser les déplacements. Les éleveurs choisissent toutefois différentes pratiques et agencements spatiaux en fonction de la situation agraire de l’exploitation et du degré d’hétérogénéité de l’environnement biophysique. Par ailleurs, les sorties des simulations soulignent que le processus d’intensification permet de réduire les besoins en surface fourragère pour un même niveau de production animale. Les éleveurs sont ainsi capables d’augmenter la taille de leur troupeau tout en régénérant des forêts sur les zones sensibles et marginales. Cependant, faute de main d’œuvre disponible, le processus d’intensification reste limité dans l’espace. En termes d’évolution des paysages, les éleveurs positionnent différemment les usages des sols en fonction du type d’unités géomorphologiques, ce qui se traduit par une dynamique spatio-temporelle des ressources naturelles contrastée.Concilier élevage et forêt dans des paysages éco-efficients constitue un défi important pour la région amazonienne. A cet effet, cette thèse montre l’importance de raisonner les espaces voués à l’intensification et à la conservation en tenant compte des projets des exploitations et des effets de leurs pratiques et de leur agencement sur les ressources naturelles. Elle identifie plusieurs leviers et blocages pour accompagner cette transition. Enfin, elle suggère de futures perspectives de recherche portant sur la compréhension des décisions, la modélisation et l’élargissement de l’échelle d’analyse afin d’apprécier l’influence de facteurs externes sur les stratégies et intégrer un plus grand nombre d’interactions écologiques et sociales
After 50 years of agricultural expansion in Eastern Brazilian Amazon, environmental policy to reduce deforestation and a set of socio-economic drivers are putting constraints on extensive cattle ranching systems. In response, land use intensification has been gaining momentum as a way to improve livestock production in limited land areas and conserve forest. The process of land-use intensification is poorly understood in this region, particularly in its spatial dimension and in its contribution towards building eco-efficient landscapes, i.e. landscapes where practices and their spatial distribution optimize the use of natural resources. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to document and model the interactions between cattle ranchers’ decisions, landscapes and natural resources in a diversity of cattle farms.Firstly, we conducted a field research in two livestock-oriented regions of Pará state, Paragominas and Redenção. Drawing on interviews, landscape and farm trajectories analysis, we characterized six patterns of intensification, studied what perceptions cattle ranchers have on certain types of natural resources and described the effects of land-use management on such resources. Secondly, we developed an Agent-Based Model to simulate over 20 years the effects of intensive farming strategies on landscape and their natural resources, and assess the feasibility of adopting such management in various agrarian situations. We used the model to compare two scenarios of intensification: one semi-intensive solely based on improved pasture managenement and one intensive based on crop-livestock integration and irrigation.The results show that the process of intensification has led to a spatial rearrangement of land uses. Cattle ranchers prefer to intensify fields with the best biophysical conditions for forage production, as well as those closest to and most accessible from the farmstead. The intensification strategies aim at enhancing the use of multiple natural resources (topography, soil fertility, soil drainage, access to surface and groundwater for irrigation) and optimizing land-use configuration at farm scale. By contrast, during the colonization period, land-use organization was much less correlated to the spatial distribution of natural resources (except for soil fertility from forest ash and surface water), the main goal of farmers being land appropriation. Nevertheless, choice of farming practices and their spatial location differ among farms and according to the degree of heterogeneity of biophysical conditions. Moreover, simulation results show that the process of intensification can reduce the area necessary for animal production. Thus, cattle ranchers can increase herd size while sparing land for forest regeneration. However, low labor availability limits the spatial extent of land-use intensification at farm scale. In terms of landscape dynamics, cattle ranchers locate land-uses according to geomorphological units differently, which leads to various spatio-temporal dynamics of natural resources.Reconciling cattle ranching production and forest conservation in eco-efficient landscape remains an important challenge for Brazilian Amazon. The findings illustrate the importance of assessing the landscape areas most suitable for agricultural intensification and for conservation drawing on knowledge about cattle ranchers projects and the effects of their practices and spatial location on natural resources. Several opportunities and challenges are identified to tackle such challenge. New research perspectives related to decisions understanding, modeling and extension of the scale of analysis are proposed in order to take into account the influence of external factors on decisions and include more ecological and social interactions

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Behnam, Jalal, and Ayoub Boujrad. "Precision Livestock Farming : A study on ease of use and usefulness." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25483.

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Livestock farms have recently experienced a significant growth in their size and this is due to the increase in animal products. This has a technical impact on farmers' daily activities. As there are more animals, it becomes more difficult for the farmers to monitor, take care of and ensure the animals are treated in a healthy manner. The purpose of this study is to examine how farmers are affected by the use of the Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) systems and how they have come to accept the technology. The study will take up an important aspect of the impact and effect of PLF. The aim of the study is to find out how farmers are affected by PLF systems in regard to Ease of Use (EOU) and Usefulness. A total of five semi-structured interviews consisting of two researchers, one product advisor, one support worker and one farmer were conducted. An observation was also conducted along with the farmer and support worker. During the interviews, the participants answered our questions regarding PLF and its EOU and Usefulness. The data was analyzed using a thematic analysis and the results showed that PLF systems are important and useful but need further EOU development. Furthermore, the results showed that the poorly designed user interfaces impact the farmers’ attitude and intention towards using the system, which also affects their attitude towards the Usefulness of the PLF systems. The research confirms the importance of including farmers under the development phase of PLF systems. Lastly, this research might be the foundation for further research on how to improve and develop a more user-friendly PLF system.

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Mookaneng, Badiiphadile James. "An assessment of the livestock production potential of communal vs freehold farming systems in the Ganyesa district of South Africa." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29375.

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Six livestock owners, who are commonly used as demonstrators, participated in the study of which three were from communal areas and three from freehold farms in the Ganyesa area. The livestock production potential in communal areas was compared with that of freehold farms. Information on livestock production, veld condition, Dry matter, crude protein- content of natural grasses and extension services were determined and evaluated for each study area. The result of this study revealed that because of variation in climate, Ganyesa is classified as semi- arid and is mainly suitable for livestock production. The result further revealed that there were major constraints in livestock production in the study area and these were related to land tenure system and poor livestock production. In both communal areas and freehold farms, farmers were unable to invest in infrastructural development and this immensely affected production, and led to over-grazing. The performance of the herds (calving %) in communal areas was low (54%) as compared to that on the freehold farms (6 %). However, the results revealed that more calves that were born lived up to weaning (85% in communal areas, 90 % on freehold farms) and this compared favourably with results from other areas. Herd mortality rates for both communal (2%) and freehold farms (2%) were reported to be low. The performance of smallstock was somehow lower than expected for both communal and freehold farms. The lambing kidding percentage was low (62% and 69%, respectively) and mortality rates were somewhat high (to % and 23% respectively). This means that many lambs/kids died due to diseases and malnutrition and thus did not reach a weaning age. Forage DM production was reported to be higher on freehold farms than in communal areas, and this supported the argument that the latter areas are over-stocked. The CP¬content of forage was high for freehold farms during December - January and low during July - August. The CP -values of forage for freehold farms were higher than those for communal areas with the highest figures recorded during January. The veld condition score was reasonable on freehold farms with a high percentage of desirable grass species (28 % ) and low in communal areas (22 %) with high percentage of undesirable grass species (52 %) recorded by the latter. The results of this study revealed that all samples recorded high strontium (Sr) values, indicating likely contamination of the borehole sites. The high levels of titanium (Ti) and barium (Ba) on freehold farms may indicate a possibility of industrial pollution of boreholes. Most of the water sources sampled may also be utilised by humans for drinking, food preparation and drinking purposes with detrimental effects. In view of these constraints, some recommendations were made.
Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Animal Production))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
unrestricted

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Mathegu, Khathutshelo Robert. "Characteristics of pigs under communal production systems in resource-poor farming areas of Vhembe District in Limpopo Province." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1023.

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Tedla, Rezene Teweldemedhine. "Production and economics of Arado and Barka cattle in Eritrea." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2797.

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Grazing lands in Eritrea are degraded due to decades of overstocking and consequent overgrazing. Since the rangelands are accessible to entire village communities, organisation and coordinated decision making regarding the management of these resources is not often achieved. Farmers are not motivated enough to make investments to improve a communally owned resource due to the prevailing common access grazing systems. A field survey was undertaken interviewing 12 farmers in the private access commercial and 80 farmers in the common access subsistence grazing using face to face interviews in the Barka and Arado cattle farming communities in four out of the six regions in Eritrea. Debub, Gash-Barka, S. Keih Bahri and Maekel regions were selected using stratified and simple random sampling methods. The regions were chosen based on various agroecological zones where the representatives of different grass species and the two most common cattle breeds in Eritrea (Arado and Barka) are found. The survey included the collection of data on village and household characteristics focusing on rangeland grazing management systems and additional sources of supplementary forage. The study uses several stages of analysis like principal component analysis accompanied by regression analysis together with descriptive statistics and ordination diagram. The commercial farmers addressed grazing constraints by investing in improved grazing through planting 258 ha per farmer of drought resistant seeds and 1767 vs. 8 cactus slices per farmer and covered 75% vs. 40% of forage requirements from grazing resources compared to the subsistence farmers, respectively, during 2002. These results were achieved because 78% of the commercial farmers adopted controlled stocking rates. In common access grazing, the costs of collective action to control cattle stocking rates are high, making imple mentation of stocking rate controls difficult. As a consequence, 65% of the subsistence farmers were forced to migrate their cattle looking for grazing forage in the dry season during the year. The outcomes of migration were evidenced by the results of severe overgrazing and degradation on the rangelands proximity to villages in Debub and Maekel regions and the populated area of Gash_Barka region. The increased number of animals resulting in high grazing pressure was the consequence of migration. Ten vs. six percent of mortality rates was reported for the subsistence systems compared to the commercial systems respectively. The lower results of milk yield, calving rates and off- take rate productivity indicated in the different stages of analysis for the subsistence farmers were the consequences of the lack of the adoption of controlled stocking rates primarily constrained by the migration. The Barka and Arado cattle farming systems are kept under common access grazing systems. Compared to the Arado cattle farming, the Barka cattle farming region had relatively better access to grazing forage. The better quality of grazing in this region is attributed to a naturally low stock density in the region. During 2002, the Barka cattle farming had 1087 vs. 721 Lit of milk yield, 63% vs. 53% of calving productivity and 9.3% vs. 10.9% of mortality rates than the Arado cattle farming regions respectively, due to access to a wider area of grazing lands and more labour inputs. The Barka cattle area farmers are agro pastoralists and usually focus on grazing dairy cattle farming than crop farming. They increased calving rate productivity and decreased mortality rates by increasing the proportion of lactating cows and decreasing the proportion of oxen compared to the Arado cattle farming. The Arado cattle farming had higher offtake rates and income from cattle sales compared to the Barka cattle farming region. The higher off- take rate, which is an index of percentage of cattle sold, for the Arado cattle was probably linked to the shortage of grazing forage and increased herding costs. The Barka and Arado cattle farmers had a shortage of quality and quantity crop residue winter forage during 2002. Farmers were dependent only on rain fed cropping. The application of crop rotation, fallow and chemical fertilizers were low to enhance soil nutrients. Out of the total crop residues forage produced, only 22% and 15% of legumes residue DM forage was produced for the Barka and Arado cattle farmers respectively. Agro- industrial and crop farming by-products supplementary feeds were also limited due to the shortage of feeds in the country during the year. In general, government intervention is important to bring institutional changes to promote the adoption of controlled stocking rates to alleviate the shortage of grazing forage.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

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Vieira, João Miguel Antunes. "Acidose ruminal : prevalência e principais causas em sistemas de engorda intensiva de bovinos." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/8151.

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Orientação : Sofia van Harten
A acidose ruminal é uma doença do foro digestivo bastante frequente em sistemas de engorda intensiva (feedlot) de bovinos, levando a grandes quebras na performance dos animais. Trata-se de uma excessiva acumulação de ácido no rúmen que resulta de um desequilíbrio entre a sua produção, utilização e absorção. A gravidade desta doença está relacionada com a quantidade, frequência e duração da administração de dietas ricas em grão e pobres em fibra, podendo tratar-se de acidose aguda se houver acumulação de ácido láctico ou subaguda se houver acumulação de ácidos gordos voláteis. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de lesões ruminais causadas por acidose ruminal em 6 explorações de engorda intensiva e relacioná-las com as principais causas (alimentação e maneio). De maneira a atingir este objetivo foram analisados macroscopicamente em matadouro 218 rúmenes. A avaliação do maneio praticado nas várias explorações foi feita através de um inquérito e cada alimento foi analisado em laboratório para a quantificação dos teores de matéria seca, amido, proteína bruta, gordura bruta, celulose bruta, fibra neutro detergente e fibra ácido detergente. No geral, foi encontrada uma elevada prevalência desta doença (65,6%), sendo que em termos de lesões ruminais, 47,41% dos animais analisados apresentavam lesões compatíveis com a forma subaguda da doença e 17,83% com a forma aguda. Foram também encontradas diferenças significativas nos resultados das várias explorações, o que poderá ser justificado pelas discrepâncias encontradas nas avaliações de maneio e alimentação. Desta forma demonstrou-se que o problema das acidoses ruminais é uma realidade em explorações de engorda de bovinos. Identificou-se também o fato de existirem marcadas diferenças entre explorações e que estas se devem aos fatores alimentação e maneio.
Ruminal acidosis is a common gastrointestinal disease in feedlot cattle, which can lead to poor performances. It is caused by an excessive accumulation of rumen acid resulting from an imbalance between its production, use and absorption. Its severity is related to the quantity, frequency and duration of administration of rich grain, poor in fibre diets and it may occur as an acute form, with accumulation of lactic acid or a subacute form with the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of ruminal lesions caused by ruminal acidosis in 6 feedlot farms and relate them to the main causes, feeding and management. To achieve this objective 218 rumens were macroscopically evaluated in the slaughterhouse. An evaluation of the farms management was made through an inquire and feed was analysed regarding the contents of dry matter, starch, crude protein, crude fat, crude cellulose, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre. Overall, a high prevalence of this disease was found (65,6%). Of all the animals analysed, 47.41% presented lesions compatible with the subacute form of the disease and 17.83% with the acute form. Significant differences were also found in the results of the various farms, which may be justified by the discrepancies found in the management and feeding evaluations. This way, it was demonstrated that the ruminal acidosis problem in feedlot cattle is a reality. It was also identified the fact that its prevalence may vary from farm to farm and that these variations depend on the factors feeding and management.

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Gomes, Joana Maria Rodrigues Mendes. "Efeitos da Granulometria na prevalência de deslocamento de abomaso." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/4838.

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Orientação : João Cannas da Silva
O deslocamento de abomaso (DA) é uma patologia cada vez mais presente em explorações de elevada produção leiteira. É uma patologia de etiologia multifactorial, à qual são reconhecidos três áreas de fatores de risco: a dieta, o próprio animal e o ambiente envolvente. O maneio nutricional no periparto é encarado como o fator que tem maior impacto, mas também o de maior facilidade de controlo. Esta investigação teve como principal objetivo determinar se existe relação entre o tamanho médio das partículas da dieta - Total Mixed Ration (TMR) – e a ocorrência de DA. O estudo foi realizado em bovinos da raça Holstein-Frísia após o primeiro parto, utilizando o método da Penn State Particle Separator que permite a separação da dieta em três classes granulométricas. Foram encontradas evidências que um menor tamanho médio das partículas distribuídas nos dias antecedentes, pode potenciar o desenvolvimento de DA, sendo que as explorações que distribuem alimento mais processado, são mais suscetíveis de encontrar esta patologia no seu efetivo. Deste modo, a granulometria parece ter influência no desenvolvimento de DA. Mais estudos devem ser realizados com o intuito de aferir se a granulometria deve ser considerada um fator de risco para a ocorrência de DA.
The displaced abomasum (DA) is a pathology increasingly present in farms of high milk production. It is of a multifactorial etiology, in which there are three risk factors: diet, the animal itself and the surrounding environment. The nutritional management during the periparturient phase is deemed to be the most influential factor, as well as the easiest one to control. This research aimed above all to determine if there is a relation between the diet particle size – Total Mixed Ration (TMR) – and the DA occurrence. The study was conducted in the Holstein-Friesian cattle breed after the first birth, using the Penn State Particle Separator method, which allows the separation of the diet in three classes of particle size. It was verified that a lower distribution of medium size particles in the preceding days may potentiate the development of DA. On the other hand, farms that distribute more processed food are more likely to find this pathology in their herd. The particle size distribution seems, therefore, to influence the development of DA. More studies should be conducted in order to assess whether the particle size distribution should be considered a risk factor for the occurrence of DA.

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Oliveira, Catarina Catita de. "Avaliação do parasitismo gastrointestinal em bovinos de carne em sistema extensivo e semi-extensivo." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/8934.

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Orientação: Ana Maria Duque de Araújo Munhoz
Num Mundo em que se procura sustentabilidade, o melhoramento na saúde animal e bem-estar proporciona melhores resultados zootécnicos e económicos, sendo assim importante considerar as perdas causadas pelo parasitismo. O presente estudo teve como objectivo avaliar o parasitismo gastrointestinal numa exploração de bovinos de carne em sistema extensivo e semi-extensivo, localizada numa zona abrangida pelos concelhos de Benavente e de Vila Franca de Xira. Foram analisadas 373 amostras fecais através de técnicas coprológicas quantitativas e qualitativas para comparar o parasitismo entre faixas etárias e tipo de maneio. As amostras recolhidas foram divididas em Categoria A (bovinos na fase da desmama, bovinos em pasto de regadio e em engorda) e Categoria B (bovinos em extensivo todo ano com objectivo reprodutor). Na categoria A em 247 amostras foram positivas 189 para nemátodes, 165 para Eimeria spp., 20 para céstodes e 18 para tremátodes. Na categoria B em 126 amostras, os resultados revelaram-se positivos de 110 para Eimeria spp., 47 para nemátodes, 13 para tremátodes e 8 para céstodes. Nas coproculturas observou-se em média no grupo Engorda 43,2% de Tricostrongylus axei, 28,6% de Ostertagia spp., 20,8% de Cooperia spp., 3,5% de Oesophagostomum radiatum, 2,4% de Bunostomum phlebotomum, e 1,5% de Haemonchus placei. No grupo Prado 35,5% de Cooperia spp, 30,1% de Ostertagia spp e 25,2% de Tricostrongylus axei, 3,3% de Oesophagostomum radiatum, 3,3% Haemonchus placei, 2,6% de Nematodirus spp. No grupo Desmama 36,3% de Tricostrongylus axei e 35,23% de Cooperia spp, 26,32% de Ostertagia spp., 1,95% de Nematodirus spp., 0,2% de Oesophagostomum radiatum. Nos bovinos em sistema extensivo uma média de 48,5% de Cooperia spp, 38,4% de Tricostrongylus axei e 13,1% de Ostertagi spp entre os oito grupos.
In a world where sustainability is sought, an improvement in animal health and welfare can provide better zootechnical and economic results, and it is therefore important to consider losses caused by parasitism. This study aimed to evaluate the gastrointestinal parasitism presence in extensive and semi-extensive beef cattle husbandry, located in an area covered by the municipalities Benavente and Vila Franca de Xira. In a total of 373 samples were collected for quantitative and qualitative coprological analyzes to compare the parasitism between, age range and type of management. The collected samples were divided in Category A (bovines in weaning phase, bovine found in irrigated pastures and in fattening phase) and Category B (bovines in extensive systems all year with reproductive objective) The Category A in 247 samples 189 to nematodes, 165 to Eimeria spp., 20 to cestodes e 18 to trematodes were positive. The Category B in 126 samples, the results revealed 110 to Eimeria spp., 47 to nematodes, 13 to trematodes e 8 to cestodes positive. In the coproculture was observed on avarage in the group Fattening 43,2% of Tricostrongylus axei, 28,6% of Ostertagi ostertagi, 20,8% of Cooperia spp., 3,5% of Oesophagostomum radiatum, 2,4% of Bunostomum phlebotomum, and 1,5% of Haemonchus placei. The group Meadow 35,5% of Cooperia spp, 30,1% of Ostertagi ostertagi, 25,2% of Tricostrongylus axei. 3,3% de Oesophagostomum radiatum, 3,3% Haemonchus placei and 2,6% de Nematodirus spp. The group Weaning, 36,3% of Tricostrongylus axei and 35,23% of Cooperia spp and 26,32% of Ostertagi ostertagi. 1,95% de Nematodirus spp., 0,2% de Oesophagostomum radiatum. In the animals in extensive system was observed on average 48,5% of Cooperia spp, 38,4% of Tricostrongylus axei and 13,1% of Ostertagi ostertagi.

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Carvalho, Ana Cristina Vilhena Raminhos. "A detecção remota e os SIG na produção animal - análise da contribuição e situação actual." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4039.

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Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica
O sector pecuário está a atravessar rápidas mudanças em resposta às pressões impostas pela globalização e pela crescente procura pelos produtos de origem animal nos países em desenvolvimento. Este crescimento e transformação têm consequências sociais e ambientais. Perante este cenário revela‐se pertinente um levantamento através de uma revisão de literatura, da situação actual no que toca à contribuição que a Detecção Remota (DR) e os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) podem dar, para atingir um objectivo: aumentar a produtividade do sector agro‐pecuário de forma sustentável, dando resposta à procura (actual e futura) preservando a integridade dos ecossistemas onde se encontram inseridos os núcleos de produção, minimizando os impactos ambientais.(...)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Livestock Farming Systems'

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