Journal articles: 'Livestock Farming Systems'

1

Udo, Henk, and Ton Cornelissen. "Livestock in Resource-Poor Farming Systems." Outlook on Agriculture 27, no. 4 (December 1998): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709802700406.

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Juarez, Manuel M. "238 Linking livestock phenomics and precision livestock farming." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.212.

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Abstract Numerous pre- and post-mortem factors, such as genotype, production system, growth promotants, diet, health events, stress, slaughter age and weight, carcass chilling, and ageing time, have been shown to impact beef production and final product quality. The objective of livestock phenomics is the systematic acquisition of high dimensional phenotypic data, which requires measuring phenomes as they change in response to genetic mutation and environmental influences. Due to the decrease in costs associated to genomics technology and related fields, researchers had to face the so called “phenomic gap”, a lack of sufficient, appropriate phenotypic data. Selecting phenotypes of interests, standardizing methodologies, developing high-throughput data collection systems, systematically recording environmental factors, and integrating bioinformatics are some of the challenges when developing a livestock phenomics program. Precision livestock farming aims at applying continuous, automated real-time monitoring systems to optimize livestock management. The information collected by these systems can be used to optimize individual animal health and welfare, reproductive traits, and productivity, as well as environmental influences. This approach requires the use of novel technologies and the management of large amounts of data. Multiple technologies and sensors are already being used, or have the potential, to monitor important individual traits. These two interdisciplinary fields share multiple objectives that could lead to significant synergies. The complexity of in-farm data collection varies depending on the species and production system, with beef cattle presenting specific challenges. In addition, data collection needs to continue after slaughter, as carcass and meat quality traits are influenced by in vivo practices, determine the final profitability of the system, and need to be taken into consideration to modify management practices. Integrating livestock phenomics and precision livestock farming approaches will lead to a faster development of both fields and an optimal use of resources.

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Hermansen, John E., and George Zervas. "Livestock farming systems and their environmental impacts." Livestock Production Science 96, no. 1 (September 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.05.015.

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Cialdella, Nathalie, Laurent Dobremez, and Sophie Madelrieux. "Livestock Farming Systems in Urban Mountain Regions." Outlook on Agriculture 38, no. 2 (June 2009): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000009788632412.

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Sanni, S. A., A. O. Ogungbile, and T. K. Atala. "Interaction between livestock and crop farming in Northern Nigeria: an integrated farming systems approach." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 31, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v31i1.1834.

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The study looked at the role of livestock and its interaction with crop production in an integrated crop-livestock joining system in Katsina State.Field data were collected through household survey of 120 respondent located in six villages in Katsina state. The result shows that there was a high level of crop-livestock integration among the smallholders in the study area. Livestock in the study is important as a production factor for subsistence, cash and as a source of health. Livestock was prime importance in providing draft power and a source of savings and investment to the households. Also, output from livesick such as manure was intermediate product used for soil improvement for crop production. Animals, particularly small ruminant and poultry; were sold according to house needs for household and crop inputs. They are also purchased as a source of savings investment for the households. Workbulls were more commonly used for the various crop cultivation processes while donkeys were mainly used for carting and transportation. Crop residue supplementation accounted for about 70% of the total feed intake during the dry season. The study also revealed that livestock provided about 30% of the annual household income.

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BERCKMANS, D. "Precision livestock farming technologies for welfare management in intensive livestock systems." Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'OIE 33, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/rst.33.1.2273.

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McIntire, J., and G. Gryseels. "Crop-Livestock Interactions in Sub-Saharan Africa and their Implications for Farming Systems Research." Experimental Agriculture 23, no. 3 (July 1987): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700017129.

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SUMMARYHerding and farming environments in sub-Saharan Africa are described briefly. The relative importance of crops and livestock is described for each environment. A matrix of crop-livestock interactions is defined for each environment and the reasons for each type of relation are noted. Farming systems are defined as segregated or completely integrated, according to the degree of crop-livestock integration on the farm. Points at which farming systems research (FSR) might be undertaken to improve interactions between crops and livestock are noted for both systems.

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Ramanzin, Maurizio, Luca M. Battaglini, Luciano Morbidini, Mariano Pauselli, and Giuseppe Pulina. "Evolution of livestock farming systems and landscape changes." Italian Journal of Agronomy 4, no. 3s (October 5, 2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2009.s3.19.

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Boelling, D., A. F. Groen, P. Sørensen, P. Madsen, and J. Jensen. "Genetic improvement of livestock for organic farming systems." Livestock Production Science 80, no. 1-2 (March 2003): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00323-8.

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Hartung, Jörg, Thomas Banhazi, Erik Vranken, and Marcella Guarino. "European farmers' experiences with precision livestock farming systems." Animal Frontiers 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/af.2017.0107.

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Ngambeki, D. S., R. R. Deuson, and P. V. Preckel. "Integrating livestock into farming systems in Northern Cameroon." Agricultural Systems 38, no. 3 (January 1992): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(92)90072-v.

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Gibon, A., A. R. Sibbald, J. C. Flamant, P. Lhoste, R. Revilla, R. Rubino, and J. T. Sørensen. "Livestock farming systems research in Europe and its potential contribution for managing towards sustainability in livestock farming." Livestock Production Science 61, no. 2-3 (October 1999): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(99)00062-7.

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Islam, Syful, Md Taj Uddin, Masuka Rahman, and M. Azadul Haque. "Profitability of Alternate Farming Systems in Dingapota Haor Area of Netrokona District." Progressive Agriculture 22, no. 1-2 (September 26, 2013): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16483.

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The study was conducted at Dingapota Haor under Mohongonj Upazila in Netrakona District during April 2011 to March 2012 to examine the profitability of individual farming systems namely crop-livestock-poultryfishcatching (C-LP- FC), crop-livestock-fish catching-labour selling (C-L-FC-LS), fish catching labour selling (FC-LS), crop-livestock (C-L), crop-livestock-fish catching (C-L-FC) and crop-livestock-poultry (C-L-P). A total of 60 farm households under six farming systems were selected that analyzed the level of input used in different enterprises. The results showed that the highest net return of C-L-FC farming system was Tk. 119214 and lowest for C-L-P farming system which was Tk. 25131.The estimated total costs of C-L-P-FC, C-L-FC-LS, C-L, C-L-FC and C-L-P farming systems were Tk. 287959, 304430, 62316, 255624, 322654 and Tk. 241354 respectively. Again for C-L-P-FC, C-L-FC-LS, FC-LS and C-L farming systems, the net returns were Tk. 66238, 107578, 74673 and 42967 respectively. Among the farming systems, C-L-FC produced the highest gross margin of Tk. 424859 and CL- P produced the lowest which was Tk. 266486. The benefit cost ratio of all the farming systems was more than 1 which indicates that all of these were profitable. The gross margin, net return and BCR for C-L-FC farming system was reasonably high and the system earned positive management income indicating that the farming systems were economically viable even under all possible full cost assumptions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16483 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 223-239, 2011

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Vizzari, Marco, Sara Antognelli, Mariano Pauselli, Paolo Benincasa, Michela Farneselli, Luciano Morbidini, Piero Borghi, Giacomo Bodo, and Alessandra Santucci. "Potential Nitrogen Load from Crop-Livestock Systems." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 7, no. 3 (July 2016): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2016070102.

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The EU “Water” Directive establishes a common European framework for the environmental protection of inland, coastal and marine waters. One of the major environmental concerns about water quality is certainly the N loads from agro-livestock systems. In this study, carried out in Umbria region, Italy, a novel spatial database for a multi-scale and multi-level analysis was designed and implemented integrating different agricultural and livestock farming datasets related to agro-livestock system. This database allows the calculation of different descriptive indicators about agricultural and livestock farming systems at different scales of investigation (NVZ, sub-basins, bodies of ground water, cadastral sheets, municipalities, provinces, entire region). Moreover, three relevant spatial indicators (potential nitrogen crop supply, potential nitrogen availability from livestock manure, and total potential nitrogen loads) were calculated applying an assessment model developed in the study. All this information appears very significant to support decision making at the various administrative levels and to pursue the environmental objectives established by EU and national regulations.

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Jabbar, Mohammad. "Energy and the Evolution of Farming Systems: The Potential of Mixed Farming in the Moist Savannah of Sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 25, no. 1 (March 1996): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500106.

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The moist savannah zone in sub-Saharan Africa is regarded as a high potential area for crop and livestock production. Currently, human labour is the principal source of power for crop production and the level of commercial energy use is very low. Agropastoralism and pastoralism are the principal methods of livestock production. Crop-livestock mixed farming, in which manure and animal power are important energy sources in the production process, is only now emerging. The integration of crops and livestock and the implications for agricultural energy sources are related to population pressure and labour intensity, the intensification of crop production with and without livestock, the role of traction in general and in specific niches, the contribution of livestock to the development process in terms of food or other inputs, and the role of public policy and intervention in development.

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Cellier, P., P. Rochette, P. Durand, P. Faverdin, P. J. Kuikman, and J. L. Peyraud. "Contribution of livestock farming systems to the nitrogen cascade and consequences for farming regions." Advances in Animal Biosciences 5, s1 (September 25, 2014): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470014000259.

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This article describes the nitrogen flows in the environment and points to the specificities of the livestock production. Till the beginning of the 20th century, the symbiotic fixation and the recycling of animal excreta supplied the nitrogen necessary for the fertility of soil. In 1913, the Haber-Bosch process allowed the industrial synthesis of ammonia and made possible the fertilisation without association of crop production with the livestock farming. The efficiency of the nitrogen in livestock farming is low with nearly half or more of the inputs losses to the environment. These losses have diverse impacts that intervene at various spatial scales owing to the nitrogen cascade. Quantitative assessment of nitrogen flows at the scale of regions started in the early 1980s in Western Europe and North America. These studies provided estimates of the spatial variability of nitrogen discharge within a region. They confirmed the differences between areas with a high animal density such as Brittany (western region, France) and other regions. It was also found that the same nitrogenous losses could lead to different levels of environmental impacts according to the sensibility of a given environment and its capacity to cope with nitrogen excess. Climate, soils characteristics, animal density, and proportions of agricultural land under annual and perennial crops are drivers of this sensibility.

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TIFFEN, MARY. "URBANIZATION: IMPACTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF ‘MIXED FARMING’ SYSTEMS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 3 (July 2006): 259–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706003589.

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During the past two decades or so, rural population in Africa has increased slowly while urban population has grown dramatically. The hugely increased urban demand for cereals and pulses (which produce crop residues for livestock) and for livestock products is now the main force stimulating mixed farming systems in the semi-arid and sub-humid areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Grazing land has diminished, crop residues are becoming a more important element in raising livestock and fattening penned livestock has become profitable. The changes in land use, land tenure and the shift of livestock raising southwards in West Africa are illustrated. Farmers' adaptation to rapidly changing markets for their products and the factors of production are illustrated with examples from Senegal, Nigeria, Niger, and, by way of contrast, Kenya. The main challenges this sets to agricultural scientists are described. The livestock element in mixed farming system now requires careful economic analysis and participative research if scientists are to meet the evolving needs of farming as the urban sector enlarges.

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Dedieu, Benoît. "Qualification of the adaptive capacities of livestock farming systems." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, spe (July 2009): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009001300039.

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This paper aims at exploring what is covered by « adapting to last » with a farming systems approach. Long term dynamics can be analysed as adaptive cycles, the system being permanently exposed to disturbances and shocks. Mobilizing the concept of resilience, we analyse the factors that differentiate the principles for long term action the livestock farmers have, principles which give consistency to the family - farms trajectories. With the concept of operational flexibilty, we qualify the sources of flexibility the livestock farmers maintain to cope with hazards. They are internal, related to the production process regulation properties, to the technical (adaptive or rigid) specifications, to the sales policies, or external related to the information and commercial networks. Understanding the production process regulation properties require livestock farming systems models (i.e. combining decisional and biological sub-systems) that can simulate how herd dynamics operate under fluctuant rules or productive parameters. It also require to evaluate the room for manoeuvre the work organization let to the farmer. All these aspects are illsutrated with on farm studies in herbivore systems (sheep, dairy, beef).

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Filippini, Rosalia, Sabine Gennai-Schott, Tiziana Sabbatini, Sylvie Lardon, and Elisa Marraccini. "Quality Labels as Drivers of Peri-Urban Livestock Systems Resilience." Land 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070211.

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Livestock farming systems have an important role in the territorial systems of the Mediterranean, but in the last twenty years the sector has undergone serious changes with an important decrease in the number of farms. The purpose of this study is to show the contribution of a local food certification to the resilience of peri-urban livestock farming system and of its food supply chain at territorial level. The focus is on the “Carne Bovina di Pisa” project, a private label promoted by the local livestock producers’ association, with the purpose of preserving biodiversity and provide farmers with an opportunity to strengthen their local marketing power. The case study is the peri-urban area of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy), representative of the urbanized Mediterranean coastal plains with high urban pressure on agricultural land and increasing agricultural abandonment in the peri-urban area. The analysis is based on the qualitative analysis of interviews to stakeholders and the quantitative figures about the changes in livestock system. Results show that the label has positively sustained both the resilience of farming systems and the local food supply chains.

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Devendra, C. "Mixed farming and intensification of animal production systems in Asia." Outlook on Agriculture 26, no. 4 (December 1997): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709702600407.

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Integrated crop-animal systems are important in Asia. Both ruminants and non-ruminants are used in a variety of combinations with annual and perennial crops in Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, China and Sri Lanka. These combined systems provide distinct economic benefits, and are more compatible with ecological and environmental sustainability. Increased investment in these systems is likely and research is needed on feed resources, use of indigenous animal genetic resources and livestock disease to increase livestock production. In addition, available research results should be applied and enabling policies developed to promote increased investment in livestock production and natural resource use and management in the rainfed warm humid/subhumid and arid/semiarid tropics.

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Ghimire, Rajan, Jay B. Norton, Urszula Norton, John P. Ritten, Peter D. Stahl, and James M. Krall. "Long-term farming systems research in the central High Plains." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, no. 2 (June 14, 2012): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000208.

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AbstractIn recent decades, there has been growing interest among farming and scientific communities toward integrated crop–range–livestock farming because of evidence of increased crop production, soil health, environmental services and resilience to increased climatic variability. This paper reviews studies on existing cropping systems and integrated crop–range–livestock systems across the USA which are relevant in the context of summarizing opportunities and challenges associated with implementing long-term crop–range–livestock systems research in the highly variable environment of the central High Plains. With precipitation ranging from 305 to 484mm and uncertain irrigation water supply, this region is especially vulnerable to changing moisture and temperature patterns. The results of our review indicate that diverse crop rotations, reduced soil disturbance and integrated crop–livestock systems could increase economic returns and agroecosystem resilience. Integrating agricultural system components to acquire unique benefits from small- to medium-sized operations, however, is a challenging task. This is because assessment and identification of suitable farming systems, selection of the most efficient integration scheme, and pinpointing the best management practices are crucial for successful integration of components. Effective integration requires development of evaluation criteria that incorporate the efficiency of approaches under consideration and their interactions. Therefore, establishing the basis for more sustainable farming systems in the central High Plains relies on both long-term agricultural systems research and evaluation of short-term dynamics of individual components.

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Mkuhlani, Siyabusa, Walter Mupangwa, Neil MacLeod, Lovemore Gwiriri, Isaiah Nyagumbo, Godfrey Manyawu, and Ngavaite Chigede. "Crop–livestock integration in smallholder farming systems of Goromonzi and Murehwa, Zimbabwe." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 3 (October 26, 2018): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000558.

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AbstractPoor productivity in smallholder farming systems has necessitated research on the potential of crop–livestock integration to sustainably improve productivity. The study hypothesized that improvement in individual agronomic and livestock systems and synergistic utilization of by-products of either system increases productivity, profitability and integration. Smallholder farming households were classified into: old and resource endowed (OR); part time (PT); and young, risk-taking and enthusiastic (YRE) following a survey conducted in Murehwa and Goromonzi districts of Zimbabwe. Crop–livestock systems’ integration scenarios were developed for each farmer category. Expression of crop–livestock integration in physical terms, e.g., kg ha−1, can be complex and confounding, hence the expression of integration in monetary values. Baseline scenario results indicate that OR had the highest crop–livestock integration of $3981 compared with PT and YRE despite OR having the lowest manure usage compared with PT and YRE farmers. Moreover, OR had the least legume yields of <800 compared with 3530 kg ha−1 in YRE farmers. Subsequent crop–livestock integration scenarios increased maize grain yields by at least 50%, thus increasing profitability to $1210, $3230 and $3100 yr−1 for mucuna, cowpea and groundnut, respectively. Total income increased by 135, 132 and 101% translating to $9880, $2960 and $6290 yr−1 in OR, PT and YRE farmers, respectively. Crop–livestock integration therefore has the potential to improve smallholder crop and livestock productivity, variable with socio-economic status.

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Hardesty, Linda H., and James A. Tiedeman. "Integrating crop and livestock production in Inland Northwest farming systems." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 11, no. 2-3 (September 1996): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300006901.

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AbstractThe demand for more ecologically and economically sustainable agriculture arises because we currently integrate products economically in a fashion that distorts ecologica I relationships. Earfy farms were ecologically integrated through feeding of forage crops and crop residues to livestock, with livestock contributing draft power and manure for crops. Today we have almost entirely uncoupled plant and animal production, eliminating the contribution that each can make to the productivity of the other. Barriers to integrating farming systems include the large volume of information needed for sophisticated production systems and the lack of infrastructure. Also, many chemicals used on crops have not been evaluated for their safety in food animals. Winter feeding and calving may conflict with crop production cycles; balancing year-round forage supplies is another obstacle. Opportunities include using the Conservation Reserve Program to shift land to livestock production. Domestic demand for meat is changing, and range livestock production is seen by some people as more humane than confinement. Animals fed less grain may be more acceptable in some markets. As agriculture responds to changes in society, ecologica I integration may become more compatible with economic integration.

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Salmoral, Gloria, Benjamin Ababio, and Ian Holman. "Drought Impacts, Coping Responses and Adaptation in the UK Outdoor Livestock Sector: Insights to Increase Drought Resilience." Land 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9060202.

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Drought has detrimental impacts on crop and livestock farming systems worldwide, but less attention has been given to outdoor livestock systems, particularly in humid temperate regions. This research evaluated how an intense drought in 2018 impacted the UK livestock sector and the responses adopted by key actors, though a combination of analysis of weekly agricultural trade publications and semi-structured interviews with livestock farmers. Drought impacts centred on feed and fodder availability, animal productivity and welfare, farm economics, and farmer well-being, with strong inter-dependencies observed. Most drought responses by farmers were reactive short-term coping strategies to address feed shortages, with three main strategies applied: management of available grazing and feed; selling livestock to reduce feed demand and to obtain income; and buying-in additional feed. Few longer-term adaptive measures were identified due to a range of constraints. Moving forwards, the UK livestock sector needs to convert the learning from the reactive measures implemented in 2018 into pro-active drought planning approaches. The current political changes in the UK also provides a unique opportunity for agricultural policy to better reward the desirable nationally- and locally-important non-market services or public goods that livestock farming provides. Together, these should support increased drought resilience in livestock farming and increased farming viability.

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Li, X. L., Q. H. Yuan, L. Q. Wan, and F. He. "Perspectives on livestock production systems in China." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 2 (2008): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08011.

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This review paper describes the livestock production systems in China, their status and trends, driving factors, and major issues with profound impact. Three distinct livestock production systems are discussed; grazing, mixed farming, and industrial systems. The ‘grazing system’ is generally characterised by harsh climate, rangeland, and low livestock output. Market forces, biophysical constraints and environmental concerns are putting a ceiling on the potential for intensification of the grazing system except in some areas where the agro-ecological potential permits. This system needs to be re-oriented towards adding ecosystem service provision, rather than mere production or subsistence. The ‘mixed farming system’, with the highest share of most kinds of livestock commodities, forms the backbone of China’s agriculture and is undertaking a notable intensification and specialisation process. The ‘industrial system’ is geographically concentrated in areas close to densely populated demand centers. Although growing fast, the share of national livestock output remains relatively small. The past two decades have seen a rapid growth in both consumption and production of livestock food products in China. This new food revolution has been driven to a great extent by the rapid growing economy, personal income and urbanisation. Among the most important issues related to livestock production systems in China are severe rangeland degradation, caused mainly by overexploitation of these lands, increasing demand and competition for feed grain, and environmental and public health risks associated with industrialised livestock production. China will have to cope with such challenges through proper policy and technological interventions to sustain the livestock development and simultaneously secure the natural resources and environmental health.

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Vogeler, Colette S., Malte Möck, Nils C. Bandelow, and Boris Schröder. "Livestock Farming at the Expense of Water Resources? The Water–Energy–Food Nexus in Regions with Intensive Livestock Farming." Water 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 2330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112330.

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Policymaking in the water–energy–food nexus is characterized by complex ecological, social, and economic interdependencies. Nexus research assumes these interactions to be overseen in the respective resource governance resulting in sectoral perspectives contributing to unsustainable outcomes. In Germany, the political priority given to the formation of an internationally competitive livestock sector by means of intensification, specialization and regional concentration has exerted sustained pressure on water and soil resources. The expansion of bioenergy plants promoted by the renewable energy act has exacerbated the situation. Despite the persistency of the ecological challenges, German policymakers only reacted when the European Commission referred Germany to the European Court of Justice. Current policy efforts to tackle the ecological problems are now provoking disruptions in the agrarian sector in regions with high nitrate concentrations in water resources. By combining the social-ecological systems framework with hypotheses derived from nexus research, we explore the interactions between food, water and energy systems and aim at understanding the unsustainable outcomes. We argue that the non-consideration of the complex interdependencies between the agricultural, the water and the energy system in policymaking and the divergence of policy goals constitute a major cause of unsustainable governance.

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Norton, Tomas, and Daniel Berckmans. "Engineering advances in Precision Livestock Farming." Biosystems Engineering 173 (September 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.09.008.

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NHEMACHENA, CHARLES, RASHID HASSAN, and PRADEEP KURUKULASURIYA. "MEASURING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AFRICAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS." Climate Change Economics 01, no. 01 (May 2010): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007810000066.

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This study measured the economic impacts of climate change on crop and livestock farming in Africa based on a cross-sectional survey of over 8000 farming households from 11 countries in east, west, north and southern Africa. The response of net revenue from crop and livestock agriculture across various farm types and systems in Africa to changes in climate normals (i.e. mean rainfall and temperature) is analysed. The analyses controlled for effects of key socioeconomic, technology, soil and hydrological factors influencing agricultural production. Results show that net farm revenues are in general negatively affected by warmer and drier climates. The small-scale mixed crop and livestock system predominantly typical in Africa is the most tolerant whereas specialized crop production is the most vulnerable to warming and lower rainfall. These results have important policy implications, especially for the suitability of the increasing tendency toward large-scale mono-cropping strategies for agricultural development in Africa and other parts of the developing world in light of expected climate changes. Mixed crop and livestock farming and irrigation offered better adaptation options for farmers against further warming and drying predicted under various future climate scenarios.

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Msuya, Dunstan Gabriel. "Farming systems and crop-livestock land use consensus. Tanzanian perspectives." Open Journal of Ecology 03, no. 07 (2013): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.37055.

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Mutsamba, E. F., I. Nyagumbo, and W. Mupangwa. "Forage and maize yields in mixed crop-livestock farming systems." NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 92 (December 2020): 100317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2019.100317.

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Kebede, Gezahagn, Getnet Assefa, Fekede Feyissa, and Alemayehu Mengistu. "Forage Legumes in Crop-Livestock Mixed Farming Systems - A Review." International Journal of Livestock Research 6, no. 4 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20160317124049.

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El Aich, Ahmed. "Changes in livestock farming systems in the Moroccan Atlas Mountains." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0013.

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Abstract This paper aims to characterize small ruminant farming systems in the Moroccan mountain regions and to assess undergoing socio-economic and ecological changes. Livestock farming systems in these regions are extensive with large flock sizes, especially sheep and goats raised mainly for meat production. Sheep producers utilized the inherent genetic diversity of their stock and developed adaptations to cope with seasonal availability of the mountain pastures and the need to diversify their own activities. Nowadays, farming systems in mountainous regions are undergoing socio-economic and ecological transformations that impact directly or indirectly on natural resources. Reduction and/or disappearance of herd transhumance, where flocks were moved seasonally from one climatic zone/vegetation type to another, was an important feature of the Middle Atlas sixty years ago Along with this reduced contribution from natural rangelands, other external resources and agricultural by-products (straw, stubble) are offered which make the system heavily dependent on agriculture. Intensification of feeding systems is associated with a choice for more productive but less hardy breeds from lowland areas. As a consequence of the reduction in mobility and the sedentarization of herds, there is an increase in the grazing pressure causing new and significant degradation of rangeland resources. Other profound institutional modifications concern the management and the utilization of the mountainous pasture. Indeed, the power of the group and the institutions for managing the resources is being replaced by the individual initiatives.

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Asheim, Leif Jarle, Torbjørn Haukås, Synnøve Rivedal, and Odd-Jarle Øvreås. "Evaluating grassland feed resource utilization by extensive livestock farming systems." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 68, no. 2-3 (March 25, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.20595.

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L’économie des systèmes d’élevage extensif dans les zones rurales du sud-ouest de la Norvège a été étudiée en remplaçant 10 % des taureaux alimentés intensivement par des bouvillons et par un accroissement de la production ovine afin de réduire l’empiètement des pâturages. La production de viande a été maintenue stable. L’analyse a suivi une approche basée sur des budgets simples et des études de cas. Les faibles coûts des aliments concentrés et les prix élevés de la viande ont favorisé la production intensive de viande bovine, alors que la zone et les primes au pâturage ont favorisé les systèmes d’élevage extensif de bouvillons et de moutons par utilisation des pâturages de l’exploitation et des espaces avoisinants. Les coûts des concentrés diminueraient de 4,7–4,9 millions d’euros et l’emploi rural augmenterait de l’équivalent de 139–218 hommes par an d’après le changement examiné. Le risque pour les revenus de l’élevage et de la communauté était politique car les systèmes fondés sur le pâturage dépendent davantage des subventions de l’Etat. Le développement futur de l’élevage, les subventions de l’Etat et les autres mesures de valorisation du pâturage ont été discutées à partir de quelques scénarios de politique de prix futurs de la viande et des aliments pour animaux.

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Quines, O. D. "Microorganisms: Indicators of pollution in integrated livestock-fish farming systems." Environment International 14, no. 6 (January 1988): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(88)90415-1.

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Ghahramani, Afshin, and Andrew D. Moore. "Impact of climate changes on existing crop-livestock farming systems." Agricultural Systems 146 (July 2016): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.05.011.

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Sraïri, Mohamed Taher, and Youssra Ghabiyel. "Coping with the work constraints in crop-livestock farming systems." Annals of Agricultural Sciences 62, no. 1 (June 2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2017.01.001.

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Wiersum, K. F. "Trees in agricultural and livestock development." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v33i2.16856.

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A review of the use of trees outside the forest in tropical farming systems: the role of trees; traditional systems of farm tree management; the scope for multipurpose (especially nitrogen-fixing) trees; wood yields from scattered or hedgerow trees and from woodlots; and development opportunities and programmes. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Hidayati, Filya, Yonariza Yonariza, Nofialdi Nofialdi, and Dwi Yuzaria. "Analisis Keuntungan dan Kendala Penerapan Konsep Sistem Pertanian Terpadu (SPT) di Indonesia." JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Agribisnis) : Jurnal Agribisnis dan Ilmu Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 3 (June 28, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jia.v5i3.11688.

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This research is to find the development of integrated agricultural systems implemented in several countries and in Indonesia and the constraints that occur in the implementation of integrated farming systems (IFS). IFS is a solution to a crisis situation where agriculture or livestock can no longer support all the economic, ecological, ecosystem, social, and technological aspects. This integrated farming system combines agriculture with livestock, fisheries, forestry, and tourism. Plants with livestock are interconnected and mutually beneficial and mutually supportive. This incorporation involves utilizing all existing resources in its entirety, to produce by-products in the form of waste utilization from agriculture and livestock (zero waste) and supported by technological developments to support it. The method uses integrated farming systems by looking for similarities, differences, views, and summarizes the results of previous research. This research covers literature studies on the development, implementation, and constraints that occur in integrated farming systems in several countries in the world, and Indonesia with various models of integrated farming systems are applied. Based on a literature study found that integrated farming systems can improve food security, farmer welfare, increase soil fertility, increase employment, create renewable technology, and the importance of government support to create opportunities for farmers in increasing their agricultural scale and more prosperous farmers in the future. In addition, there are also obstacles in IFS such as the absence of a correct understanding (farmers and facilitators), yield and productivity levels have not convinced farmers, the model is not in accordance with the ecosystem, has not utilized local potential, the existence of integrators have not been considered, yet the existence of comprehensive studies and agricultural development policies are not pro-farmers and lack of supporting technology.

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Lenne, J. M. "Enhancing crop-livestock systems for agricultural productivity, food security and reduced poverty in developing countries." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620002161x.

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Mixed farming systems, in which crops and livestock are integrated on the same farm, are the backbone of small-scale agriculture in most developing countries (Lenné and Thomas, 2006). Crops and livestock contribute in a diversity of ways to enhancing the livelihoods of the poor through provision of food, income, draught power and employment. Livestock are a major source of high-quality protein, minerals, vitamins and micro-nutrients for developing country populations and livestock-derived food items contribute significantly to agricultural GDP. Animals also play a major role in improving food security in such countries, because cash income obtained from the sale of animals is regularly used to buy non-livestock food items and inputs to farming. It is predicted that the demand for livestock products in developing countries will increase substantially over the next 25 years (Delgado et al., 1999). Failure to meet the challenge of further growth in the livestock sector in these regions is likely to result in the growing urban demand for livestock products being met by subsidized imports. This will be to the detriment of small-scale producers and national and regional economic growth.

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Chatzimpiros, P., and S. Barles. "Nitrogen food-print: N use and N cascade from livestock systems in relation to pork, beef and milk supply to Paris." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2012): 1971–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-1971-2012.

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Abstract. A bottom-up approach is constructed to determine N losses from livestock farming systems and to relate these losses to the supply of fresh milk, pig and beef to Paris. First, the three products are expressed in terms of their nitrogen content; then, their fodder equivalent is determined by modelling feed formulas for swine, beef and dairy cows to meet their energy and protein requirements. Fodder deficits in livestock farms are determined by comparing the nutrient requirements of the livestock with the fodder production on the livestock farms. This allowed determining the geography of the livestock systems according to the imports of fodder to the livestock farms from external crop farms. Then we assessed the "farm-gate" N budgets in all crop and livestock farms of the entire livestock systems using data on total N fertilization, atmospheric deposition and manure management practices to finally derive N losses in relation to fodder cultivation and to manure management. Measured in N, the supply of milk, beef and pig to Paris sum 1.85 kg N/cap and the corresponding N losses from the farming systems total 8.9 kg N/cap. N losses per unit of product differ among the three livestock systems according to where and how the fodder is grown and to what densities the livestock is reared.

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Hrabalová, A., and K. Zander. "Organic beef farming in theCzechRepublic: structure, development and economic performance." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 2 (February 17, 2012): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5000-agricecon.

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The paper analyzes the development and the prospects of organic farming in the Czech Republic with particular emphasis on organic beef farming. The background information on organic farming in the Czech Republic regarding the structure of land use, legislation and support payments as well as a short description of the market for organic beef is provided. An analysis of the economic performance and of the impact of payments on the economic situation of organic beef farms follows. Grazing livestock farms, mostly cow-calf systems, are the most widespread farm type in the Czech Republic. Five typical farm models were set up with the aim of giving an overview of the diversity of organic beef production systems. The results indicate that organic beef farming is in most cases economically viable. Nevertheless, organic farming payments, as well as other payments, account for a high share of economic success, so that it can be stated that organic grazing livestock farms are highly dependent on support payments.

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Luna, John, Vivien Allen, Joseph Fontenot, Lee Daniels, David Vaughan, Scott Hagood, Daniel Taylor, and Curtis Laub. "Whole farm systems research: An integrated crop and livestock systems comparison study." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 9, no. 1-2 (June 1994): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300005580.

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AbstractTo examine the long-term productivity, profitability, and ecological interactions associated with whole farming systems, we established an interdisciplinary replicated comparison of a conventional and an experimental alternative crop-livestock farming system in southwest Virginia in 1988. The conventional system uses the best management practices commonly used in the mid-Atlantic region. The alternative system puts more emphasis on crop rotation, grazing and forage management, conservation tillage, cover crops, and integrated pest management. Each is managed as a year-round system, with management decisions based on the system's overall goals.The comparison is planned to run for 10 years, so that only preliminary conclusions can be drawn so far. These include the following: 1) similar total productivity can be achieved with either reduced or full use of herbicides and insecticides; 2) the need for N fertilization can be decreased using grazing management and short-rotation alfalfa; and 3) recycling of manure from cattle fed corn silage provides most nutrients needed for the following corn crop. The comparative profitability of the two systems has fluctuated among years, and it is too early to know which system is more profitable. The process of interdisciplinary systems research has increased our knowledge of total system interactions, challenged prior assumptions, and clarified the methodological problems of integrated systems research.

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Asante, Bright O., Renato A. Villano, and George E. Battese. "Evaluating complementary synergies in integrated crop-livestock systems in Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2019-0274.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of crop-livestock diversification among smallholders in the forest-savannah agroecological zone of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a stochastic input distance function to investigate the evidence of economies of diversification and its effect on determining diversification decisions of smallholders in Ghana. Furthermore, this study also explores evidence of scale economies in integrated crop-livestock systems among smallholder farmers. Findings The empirical results show that economies of diversification are significant in determining diversification decisions of smallholders. The economies of scale are evident in integrated crop-livestock systems in Ghana, suggesting that opportunities exist to expand crop-livestock outputs without employing additional inputs or improved production technologies. Crop-livestock diversification is a desirable strategy for improving overall farm productivity among smallholders in Ghana. Economies of diversification were found to be significant among the output combinations, maize with other crops and other crops with livestock, in integrated crop-livestock production systems. Research limitations/implications This study is based on a cross-sectional data set. Hence, the findings may be subject to some limitations; however, the authors have sought to minimise such limitations. Practical implications The results imply that crop-livestock diversification is a desirable strategy for improving overall farm productivity. Therefore, the findings are useful for policymakers to design appropriate strategies for enhancing the production of specific output combinations in crop-livestock diversification systems among smallholders in Ghana. Specifically, such policies should promote the production and integration of crops such as legumes with other crops, and livestock with other crops in diversified farming systems to enhance overall farm productivity. This will reduce food insecurity and poverty among rural farm households and the entire rural population. Originality/value These results indicate that to improve crop-livestock productivity through diversification, and reduce the effect of climate variability, it is imperative to provide the enabling environment that will facilitate and encourage production of these output combinations among smallholders in Ghana. The empirical results enhance the literature by providing empirical evidence of the complementary synergies and economies of diversification in integrated farming systems and, hence, make recommendations for improving these farming systems. Peer review The peer review history for this paper is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2019-0274.

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Hou, F. J., Z. B. Nan, Y. Z. Xie, X. L. Li, H. L. Lin, and J. Z. Ren. "Integrated crop-livestock production systems in China." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 2 (2008): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08018.

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The integrated crop-livestock production system provides most of the food needed by the people of China. Five types of integrated production systems are recognised; rangeland, grain crops, crop/pasture, agro-silvopastoral and ponds. Development of more sustainable and integrated crop-pasture-rangeland-livestock production systems has been recently achieved. Demonstrations of the integrated systems at household, village and regional levels are occurring for rain-fed agriculture on the Loess Plateau, the Hexi Corridor, north-western China and the Karst region of Guizhou Province, south-western China. These indicate that integration of crop, livestock and forage are effective means of improving agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability and farmers’ incomes. Widespread adoption of integrated farming systems should also reduce rangeland degradation.

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ALEMAYEHU, MENGISTU, TILAHUN AMEDE, DON PEDEN, TESFAYE KUMSA, MICHAEL H. BÖHME, and KURT J. PETERS. "ASSESSING LIVESTOCK WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN MIXED FARMING SYSTEMS OF GUMARA WATERSHED, ETHIOPIA." Experimental Agriculture 54, no. 5 (July 13, 2017): 684–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479717000321.

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SUMMARYA monitoring study was carried out in Gumara watershed, upper Blue Nile basin, with the objective of evaluating livestock water productivity (LWP) using a life cycle assessment method. Sixty two smallholder farmers were selected for the study implemented between November 2006 and February 2008. Data on crop and livestock production were collected to allow assessment of livestock water productivity. Study sites were situated in three different rainfed mixed crop/livestock farming systems; barley/potato based system (BPS), tef/finger-millet based system (TMS), and rice/noug based system (RNS). LWP was found to be significantly lower (p < 0.01) in RNS (0.057 USD m−3 water) than in TMS (0.066 USD m−3 water) or in BPS (0.066 USD m−3 water). Notably, water requirement per kg live weight of cattle increased towards the lower altitude area (in RNS) mainly because of increased evapo-transpiration. As a result, 20% more water was required per kg live weight of cattle in the low ground RNS compared to BPS situated in the upstream parts of the study area. Cattle herd management that involved early offtake increased LWP by 28% over the practice of late offtake. Crop water productivity expressed in monetary units (0.39 USD m−3 water) was higher than LWP (0.063 USD m−3 water) across the mixed farming systems of Gumara watershed. Strategies for improving LWP, from its present low level, could include keeping only the more productive animals, increasing pasture productivity and linking production to marketing. These strategies would also ease the imbalance between the existing high livestock population and the declining carrying capacity of natural pasture.

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Tibesigwa, Byela, Martine Visser, and Jane Turpie. "The impact of climate change on net revenue and food adequacy of subsistence farming households in South Africa." Environment and Development Economics 20, no. 3 (July 21, 2014): 327–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x14000540.

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AbstractThis paper examines the impact of climate change on poor households across South Africa who practise subsistence farming to supplement their household income and dietary requirements. We consider three production systems: specialized crops, livestock and mixed crop-livestock farming. In general, we find specialized crop farmers to be the most vulnerable, while mixed crop-livestock farmers appear to be least vulnerable, suggesting that crop-livestock diversification is a potential coping strategy among poor subsistence farming households. We observe qualitatively similar results when we use self-reported food adequacy as the outcome. Furthermore, predicted impact shows that the climatic changes will be mildly harmful at first but will grow over time and lead to a 151 per cent loss in net revenue by the year 2080. Interestingly, we observe that crop farmers receive higher revenue when land is owned by the household, while on the other hand, livestock farmers earn more revenue when the land is communal.

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Rovira, AD. "Dryland mediterranean farming systems in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920801.

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The mediterranean region of Australia extends from Geraldton in Western Australia across southern Australia into western and northern Victoria. This region experiences hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters, with 300-600 mm annual rainfall. In the dryland farming zone, the cereal-livestock farming system dominates and produces 30-35% of Australia's total agricultural production. The major soils in the region are deep, coarse-textured sands and sandy loams, duplex soils with coarse-textured sands over clay (generally low in nutrients and organic matter), and fine-textured red-brown earths of low hydraulic conductivity. Major soil problems in the region include sodicity, salinity, soil structural degradation, nutrient deficiencies, boron toxicity, acidity, waterlogging, inadequate nitrogen nutrition, water-repellence, and root diseases. These problems have been exacerbated by excessive clearing of trees, increased frequency of cropping, reduced area sown to pastures, declining pasture production, and a decline in nutrient levels. With improved soil management there is potential for increased productivity from dryland farming areas of the region and improved ecological sustainability.

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Österle, N., A. Angassa, A. Tadesse, A. Ebro, J. Sauerborn, and AC Treydte. "Crop-Livestock Farming Systems Varying with Different Altitudes in Southern Ethiopia." Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal 1, no. 4 (December 17, 2013): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/star.v1i4.98807.

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Parthasarathy Rao, P., and P. S. Birthal. "Harnessing the Potential of Livestock in Mixed Farming Systems in India." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 45, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2003): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/2003/v45/i1-2/115812.

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Tichit, M., L. Puillet, R. Sabatier, and F. Teillard. "Multicriteria performance and sustainability in livestock farming systems: Functional diversity matters." Livestock Science 139, no. 1-2 (July 2011): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.006.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Livestock Farming Systems'

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