Dissertations / Theses: 'Livestock Producer'

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Wilkens, Philadelphia. "Silvopasture interests among livestock producers in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90392.

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Silvopasture is a land-use management practice which intentionally integrates trees, forage, and livestock. It is increasingly prevalent in outreach and extension, yet considerations for adoption are complex. The implementation of a cost-share initiative for silvopasture created by the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) in Virginia in 2011 provides an opportunity for landowners to establish silvopasture systems on their properties, thus diversifying land management and income, as well as providing environmental benefits. However, research on who might adopt silvopasture and why is needed. For this research, a mail survey was distributed to 307 cost-share enrollees in NRCS' livestock limitation initiatives and 139 were returned (45.3%). The first objective of this survey was to gauge interest in two forms of silvopasture implementation: a) thinning a woodlot and b) planting trees in a pasture. Furthermore, the study was utilized to test which hypothetical benefits might increase a livestock producers' interest in either implementation form. Results show that respondents preferred thinning to planting but risk and uncertainty were perceived in both. Environmental outputs and assistance from technicians increased interest in both practices over economic benefits; however, livestock performance was most important. Literature on the topic aligns with findings and highlights that more research is needed to understand risk, environmental, and resource-related factors. The second objective was to measure interest in silvopasture and classify respondents based on their operational or their beliefs-based characteristics and assess which classification set mattered more. Results indicated that interest in silvopasture varied but the majority (60%) indicated they were either interested or very interested. Two-step cluster analysis was used to classify respondents based on their operational considerations and a combination of Exploratory Factor Analysis and K-means clustering was used to group livestock producers according to their beliefs on traditional and land-use values. A Kruskal-Wallis independent samples analysis for each classification revealed no statistically significant differences in the interest in silvopasture between operational groupings. Conversely, there were statistically significant differences in silvopasture interest according to beliefs-based classifications. These results suggest that operations of livestock producers do not matter as much as their attitudes and beliefs related to the practice. A cross-tabulation of the operational classification and beliefs cluster resulted in no correlation. Literature suggest both operational characteristics and producer beliefs may matter in agroforestry adoption, but that positive or negative correlation in terms of interest may vary. Master of Science Silvopasture is a agroforestry conservation practice that integrates trees, forage, and livestock in a managed system. The adoption of this practice is complex, though education on the practice has been increasing. A cost-share initiative for silvopasture was created by the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) in Virginia in 2011, which creates the opportunity to implement silvopasture systems on landowner properties. This system could lead to more diversification of land and income, as well as providing environmental benefits. However, more research is needed. A mail survey was sent to 307 NRCS cost-share enrollees who were managing livestock and 139 were returned. The survey had two objectives; the first was to measure interest in the two forms of silvopasture implementation: a) thinning a woodlot and b) planting trees in a pasture. Hypothetical benefits which might increase a livestock producers’ interest in thinning or planting for silvopasture was also measured. Results show that respondents had a preference for thinning over planting. Economic benefits were not as effective in increasing interest compared to environmental outputs and assistance from technicians; however, livestock performance was most important. Findings were aligned with literature on silvopasture and agroforestry but more research is needed. The second objective was to measure interest in silvopasture and classify respondents based on their operational or their beliefs-based characteristics and to see which classification set mattered more. Results indicated that interest in silvopasture varied but the majority (60%) indicated some level of interest. Statistical analyses were used to classify respondents based on their operational considerations and used to group livestock producers according to their beliefs on traditional and land-use values. Outputs showed no statistically significant differences between operational groupings and their interest in silvopasture. There was a statistically significant difference in silvopasture interest according to beliefs-based classifications. These results indicate that the operations of livestock producers do not matter as much as their attitudes and beliefs on the practice. Previous literature indicates that both operational characteristics and producer beliefs may matter in agroforestry adoption, but interest may vary regardless.

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Wright, Ashley D., Dan B. Faulkner, and S. Peder Cuneo. "Veterinary Feed Directive Changes for Arizona Livestock Producers." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625409.

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Kramer, Brett Andrew. "Livestock demographics, management practices, and attitudinal orientations of native livestock producers on the Navajo Reservation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278708.

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Livestock production characteristics on the Navajo Reservation were studied to quantify and characterize herd demographics, feeding practices, management practices, marketing practices, and attitudinal orientations of producers. A stratified random (by grazing Agency) sample of the population (n = 10,000) yielded 125 possible respondents from each Agency. Face to face interviews were conducted by Navajo district grazing committeemen in the fall of 1997 for a total of 257 completed surveys. Navajo livestock producers were subsistence-level producers, who battled low birthing rates, slightly elevated mortality rates, diminished resource capacity, and challenges to economical feeding regimes. Most Navajos believed that livestock were an important part of their family's financial well-being; the Reservation was overgrazed; and that Navajos should be allowed to fence their land over their neighbors' objections. Navajo livestock production can be improved through education and greater articulation of the resource base. More detailed data collection is warranted to provide greater insight into production characteristics.

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Flanagan, Andrea L. "Livestock and dairy producers' knowledge of quality assurance issues." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4517.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 106 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-81).

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Didier, Elizabeth Anne. "Adoption of Range Management Innovations by Utah Livestock Producers." DigitalCommons@USU, 2002. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7429.

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Recent years have seen changes in ecological conditions, ownership patterns, and political-legal forces that affect the sustainability of Western range livestock production. Enterprise diversification and implementation of improvements are advocated as ways for ranchers to cope with marginal returns from ranching while better managing resources. However, relatively few ranchers make such substantive changes in their operations, and previous research suggests that rates of adoption may be especially low in Utah. Using a qualitative approach, this study explored innovation adoption among Utah ranchers. During preliminary interviews with 13 key informants, commitment to traditional ranching lifestyles, the state's settlement pattern, and availability of time and capital were identified as barriers to adoption. In-depth interviews were then conducted with 15 producers known within the ranching community for innovative management. Objectives of these interviews were to identify personal characteristics of the respondents, preferred information sources, and motivations for and barriers to adoption. Most respondents were ranching full-time on multi-generation, family ranches, and living on or very near the ranch. Respondents innovate in order to improve profitability, environmental quality, and relationships with resource management agencies and to demonstrate good environmental stewardship to the public. Interaction with extension agents and ranching organizations was common and affected the perceived risk associated with adoption. Motivation to maintain the ranch may be especially strong among interviewees: Each respondent reported being committed to ranching for his lifetime, and in most cases, the ranch is expected to remain in the family for at least one more generation. Individuals who are less dependent on public land and more dependent on ranching income may be more likely to adopt innovations. Even among innovative ranchers, the availability of time and capital as well as commitments to tradition impeded adoption. Unexpectedly, characteristics of the political-legal system in which ranchers operate emerged as barriers to innovation. This research illustrates how the existing innovation adoption framework applies to ranchers, but also defines new theoretical components.

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Coffey, Brian K. "NEW INPUT AND OUTPUT RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS." UKnowledge, 2001. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/164.

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Backgounding beef cattle is an inherently risky venture. Producers faceproduction risks as well as marketing risks. If a backgrounding operation is to be viable,these risks should be addressed and effectively managed. While some effective riskmanagement tools are currently available to livestock producers, some other potentiallyuseful risk management tools, for various reasons, have been previously unavailable.Two such tools which could help livestock producers achieve the overall goal ofmanaging net income risk are a program for managing feed ingredient nutrient and pricevariability in the selection of minimum cost feed rations and government subsidizedlivestock price insurance.Due to lack of data and limited computational power of solvers, risk has seldombeen introduced into the feed ration selection process. Presently, both feed ingredientnutritional data and appropriate solvers are available, allowing for risk to be fullyconsidered in this decision-making process. Only recently has there been policy effortsto establish subsidized price or revenue insurance for livestock producers. Theintroduction of such insurance to livestock producers offers potential risk managementbenefit but also has the potential to introduce improper incentives to livestock producers.This study will evaluate both of the aforementioned livestock risk managementtools. In addition to evaluating their effectiveness, the policy concerns of subsidizedlivestock insurance will also be addressed. Results will be relevant to a broad range ofentities. In addition to livestock producers wishing to manage the risks associated withtheir operations, agribusinesses that provide service to these producers such as feed salesor financial lending will benefit from knowing how these risk management strategiesperform. Furthermore, policy makers who will structure livestock insurance products canhopefully do so more efficiently based on the results of the livestock insurance analysis.

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Papadopulos, Joanna Victoria Calliope. "Response by sheep milking pastoralist households in Jordan to the withdrawal of an input subsidy and related market, environmental, social and policy implications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325155.

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Vollertsen, John Alvin. "Using multiple regression analysis to associate education levels and financial compensation with livestock producers' tolerance for grizzly bears in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem." Diss., Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/vollertsen/VollertsenJ1205.pdf.

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Nguyen, Van Phuong [Verfasser]. "Preferences for high-value agricultural products in developing countries : Demand analyses for livestock products in Vietnam / Van Phuong Nguyen." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079323813/34.

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Mostafa, Imeni Seyed. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Anaerobic co-digestions of livestock manure with agro-industrial by-products." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667824.

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L’aplicació al sol d’una quantitat excessiva de dejeccions ramaderes, pot tenir un impacte ambiental notable sobretot en sòls i aigües subterrànies. Les dejeccions ramaderes com a residus biodegradables es poden tractar i reciclar per obtenir recursos (compost o biogàs) i per tant la producció d’energia renovable i productes fertilitzants. En general, els residus biodegradables reben una especial atenció a la legislació europea (Revised Framework Directive 2008/98 / CE) i, per tant, és necessari desenvolupar instal·lacions adequades per tractar i reciclar aquest tipus de residus i assegurar el funcionament correcte i eficaç d'aquestes instal·lacions de tractament i gestió. La digestió anaeròbia dels fems i purins és una pràctica habitual; no obstant, el baix potencial de producció de biogàs pot dificultar la rendibilitat dels sistemes de digestió anaeròbia en explotacions ramaderes de petita i mitjana producció. Així doncs, perquè aquesta tecnologia sigui més atractiva per als agricultors, es podria aconseguir un increment de la producció de biogàs co-digerint els fems animals amb un co-substrat abundant i accessible, com ara subproductes agrícoles com la palla de blat (en forma crua o pre-tractats) i derivats de la indústria làctia com el sèrum de formatge. A més de l'augment de la producció de biogàs i conseqüentment de la producció energètica, afavoreix la viabilitat econòmica de les tecnologies i plantes de digestió anaeròbia a explotacions ramaderes petites i mitjanes. No obstant això, hi ha poca informació disponible en la literatura científica sobre la viabilitat tecno-econòmica de l'aplicació d'aquestes plantes en explotacions ramaderes petites i mitjanes. Per tant, en aquesta tesi es va dur a terme una avaluació tecnoeconòmica de la co-digestió anaeròbia de fems de bestiar i palla de blat (en forma crua i pretratada) i amb sèrum de llet. L'avaluació tecnològica es va realitzar a escala de laboratori mitjançant reactors discontinus i semicontinguts. Amb les dades obtingudes, es va desenvolupar un model econòmic per investigar la rendibilitat de les plantes de co-digestió anaeròbia en explotacions ramaderes petites i mitjanes; també es va realitzar un anàlisis de sensibilitat per investigar l’efecte de paràmetres importants (per exemple, el preu de l'electricitat) sobre el rendiment econòmic global del sistema. Els resultats obtinguts a partir de l’avaluació tecnoeconòmica van mostrar que per a una granja de 250 caps de bestiar adult, els ingressos generats en un procés de digestió anaeròbia no són capaços de compensar la inversió inicial necessària. No obstant això, la co-digestió de fems amb palla crua o briquetada ha mostrat uns rendiments econòmics positius (valors actuals nets> 0, taxa interna de retorn> 9% i retorn de la inversió en 11 anys), així com la co-digestió de fems amb un 30% de sèrum de llet amb resultats econòmics també positius (valors actuals nets> 0, taxa interna de retorn> 11% i retorn de la inversió en 9 anys). Pels agricultors disposats a aplicar la digestió anaeròbia, el preu de venda de l'electricitat i el preu de la palla són els paràmetres clau per determinar la rendibilitat del sistema. A més a més, s'han provat i avaluat els tractaments previs per augmentar la producció de biogàs de palla des d'una perspectiva tècnica i econòmica. Els pre-tractaments alcalins i de microones-alcalins amb palla van mostrar els millors resultats amb un augment de la producció de biogàs del 156% i del 92% respectivament en comparació amb la palla crua. Deposition of excess amount of livestock waste when they are not properly treated has a notable environmental impacts specially on soil and undergrounds water. Livestock waste as a biodegradable waste can be treated and recycle to finally obtain compost or biogas which means green energy and fertilizer/soil-amendment products. In general biodegradable waste receives especial attention in the European Legislation (Revised Framework Directive 2008/98/CE) and therefore, is necessary to develop suitable facilities to treat these types of waste and assure the correct and efficient operation of such treatment and management facilities. Anaerobic digestion of dairy cattle manure is a common practice; however, the low biogas yield of manure can hamper the profitability of anaerobic digestion systems in small to medium dairy cattle farms. To make this technology more attractive to farmers, an increase in biogas yield per cubic meter of reactor could be achieved by co-digesting animal manure with an abundant and easy accessible co-substrate such as agricultural by-products like wheat straw (in its raw form or pre-treated) and dairy industry by-products like cheese whey. In addition of increase in biogas production which can be translated to production of more energy, economic feasibility of implementation of anaerobic digestion plants in the farms is a must. However, there is scarce information provided in scientific literature about economic feasibility of implementation of such plants in small to medium cattle farms. Thus, in this thesis a techno-economic assessment of anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and wheat straw (in the raw form and pretreated) or cheese whey was carried out. The technological assessment was carried out at lab scale using batch and semi-continuous reactors. With the data obtained, an economic model was developed in order to investigate the profitability of anaerobic co-digestion plants in small to medium dairy cattle farms, sensitivity analyses were carried out to investigate important parameters (e.g. electricity price) on the overall economic performance of the system. The results obtained from the techno-economic assessment showed that for a farm of 250 adult cattle heads the revenues generated in an anaerobic mono-digestion process are not able to offset the initial required investment. However, the co-digestion of manure with raw or briquetted straw showed positive economic performance and positive returns (Net Present values > 0, Internal Rate of Return > 9 % and a Return of the investment in 11 years) as well as the co-digestion of manure with 30% of cheese whey which showed positive returns (Net Present values > 0, Internal Rate of Return > 11% and a Return of the investment in 9 years). For farmers willing to implement anaerobic digestion, Electricity selling price, and the price of the straw are the key parameters to determine the profitability of the system. Moreover, pre-treatments to increase the straw biogas production have been assessed and evaluated from a technic and economic perspective. Alkali and microwave-alkali straw pre-treatments showed the best results with an increase in biogas production of 156 % and 92 % compared to raw straw.

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Lazenby, William Lee. "Informal and formal channels of communication preferred and used in the adoption of ranching practices by livestock producers in the state of Nuevo Leon of northeastern Mexico." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2510.

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This descriptive research was undertaken to investigate the preferred channels of communication used in the adoption of livestock production practices by ranchers in the northeastern Mexican state of Nuevo Le??n. The study builds on previous research by Freund (1999). Freund??s study concluded that ranchers in Nuevo Le??n preferred the Uni??n Ganadera as their primary source. However, the producers indicated some communication preferences that resulted in the Uni??n adjusting some of their efforts to reach out to their membership. This study was designed to revisit those livestock producers to investigate what changes had occurred in their preferences for communication since the Freund (1999) study. This research was conducted in the state of Nuevo Le??n, Mexico. The methodology used was a survey employing a questionnaire to collect data. The convenience sample consisted of 273 active members of the Uni??n Ganadera Regional de Nuevo Le??n (UGRNL) who attended regularly scheduled association functions. A principal objective of the research was to describe the communication infrastructure used in the state of Nuevo Le??n by UGRNL livestock producers. Another objective of the research was to describe preferred formal and informal channels of communication that livestock producers use to get information about ranching practices. Yet another objective was to describe what UGRNL livestock producers use as primary sources of information when choosing to adopt or reject agricultural practices, as well as investigating what secondary and feedback channels they prefer. Another objective was to determine which husbandry practices UGRNL livestock producers want more information about. Finally, an emphasis of the study was on what communication channels smaller stakeholders prefer, because the Uni??n wants to use that information to improve its diffusion of technology to that particular group of producers.

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Kennedy, Anna. "On-farm quality assurance in the redmeat industry of Australia." Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13235.

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A series of on-farm quality assurance schemes for red meat producers across Australia were developed in the late 1990s in response to increasing global demands for greater accountability within the whole food. The Cattlecare and Flockcare schemes were introduced in 1996 and 1998, respectively, to provide mechanisms for producers to demonstrate that their livestock were free of potential chemical residues, and that they had taken measures to prevent injury or stress to livestock. These schemes were independently audited codes of practice. After several years there was some dissatisfaction with the levels of adoption of these schemes, especially Flockcare. By 2001 just over 5% of all cattle producers and just over 1% of all sheep producers had implemented on-farm quality assurance. This covered nearly 16% of all cattle and 2% of all sheep in Australia, indicating that the larger than average producers were implementing quality assurance. Based on previous studies and anecdotal evidence that there were few current benefits for producers, the aims of this study were to identify the reasons for slow uptake and to quantify factors affecting implementation of on-farm quality assurance in the red meat industry. Surveys of "adopters" and "nou-adopters" of these schemes were developed and implemented in 2000 and 2001. Producers were approached initially by phone and given the options of completing the survey over the phone, by mail or by fax. Three hundred and forty-seven Cattlecare producers (9% of all certified Cattlecare producers) and 142 Flockcare producers (22% of certified Flockcare producers) across Australia were initially approached. A total of 382 adopter surveys were completed. The level of interest from adopters was remarkable, with a 75% completion rate from telephone approaches and only 9 direct refusals. These producers had over 1.3 million cattle and 0.9 million sheep covered by quality assurance schemes. This represented 5% of the total cattle population (27% of certified cattle) and less than 1% of all sheep (26% of certified sheep) in Australia at that time. There was an extremely large variation in the size of properties surveyed, which reflected the structure of the industry. The producers were asked about what motivated them to implement quality assurance, what were the problems, where could it be improved, how much time and money had they invested specifically into implementing quality assurance, what benefits had they gained (financial and other), how it had changed their management or product offered for sale, and their opinion on various issues associated with quality assurance and food safety. In addition 133 non-adopter surveys were also completed to provide a control data set. These producers had over 0.12 million cattle and 0.48 million sheep on their properties. In general, it was much harder to persuade these producers to participate. It was estimated that about 60% of producers approached refused to participate. These producers were asked similar questions; except that they were asked to estimate (if they could) how much time and money it would take to implement quality assurance. Unfortunately, most of these producers were uninterested or knew little about quality assurance and were reluctant to estimate these values, so the data for these producers was very limited. Analysis of the adopter data indicated the adoption rates between regions and schemes were significantly different. A benefit cost analysis was completed for the adopters based on estimated time and money invested into quality assurance and the tangible benefits gained from selling certified animals. The resulting net benefits were calculated as annual equivalent annuities. Only about 30% of adopters had gained any tangible benefit, and only half of these (15% of the total analysed producers) had a positive net benefit, and these were all cattle producers. Description of time, effort and money spend by adopting producers was most representative using median values due to the extreme data from some producers. Overall, implementation took a median of 13 days in the initial year and 6 days in subsequent years per property, and the median cost was $1,200 in the initial year and $500 in subsequent years. This investment of time and money equated to a median cost of $875 per year. The median net financial loss per year from adopting quality assurance was $660 per property or $2 per 100 DSE of livestock managed. Producers indicated that they were implementing quality assurance to gain financial and market benefits; but, with only 15% of producers gaining a positive net benefit, some producers were disappointed with the schemes. However they did report improvements in product (15% of producers) or management practices (90% had at least one). Improvements in product included livestock were free from chemical residues, cattle were dehorned and yards had been improved so bruising was reduced. Improvements in management practices included improved record keeping, chemical control and livestock handling. While producers mostly believed it was the right thing to do for the industry, they indicated that they would need to be rewarded for their efforts at some stage. Adopters and non-adopters had different motives for implementing quality assurance. Peer pressure, market advantage and increased returns (27%, 26% and 18% of producers, respectively) were cited as the three major prompts for adopters. All the other categories of reasons for adoption were not business-based, but more emotional. Non-adopters, however, cited increased returns, market advantage and supply chain pressure (44%, 7% and 6%, respectively) as possible prompts to implement quality assurance. Difficulties in adoption actually experienced by adopters were also different to the difficulties anticipated by non-adopters. Paperwork, actually getting to implementing it and the extra time demands (19%, 13% and 12%, respectively) were the major difficulties for adopters, while time, in costs and paperwork (19%, 16% and 12%, respectively) were the anticipated difficulties for non-adopters. Twenty-four percent of adopters had not had any difficulties, while 16% of non- adopters anticipated no difficulties. Simplification of initial paperwork, increased demand for quality assured livestock and a need to promote the schemes and the associated benefits to producers were the three highest ranking categories of suggested improvements by adopters. Non-adopters indicated similar issues but in a different order - a need to promote the schemes and the associated benefits to producers, simplification of initial paperwork and the process of implementation. Grouping producers based on inputs, attitudes, investment or any combination of these indicators failed to provide a statistically significant prediction of the net benefit or loss for a new adopter. The only way to identify or predict which producers would gain a positive net benefit was to focus on the methods of selling livestock. Selling direct to processors either over the hook, with forward contracts or privately appeared to be the only way to gain financial benefits from implementing quality assurance on-farm.

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Soares, Luis Lourenco S. S. "Sociotechnical transformation of the livestock market in Tanzania : appropriation of mobile phones by the Maasai and Wasukuma pastoralists." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31515.

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This thesis presents findings from a qualitative enquiry into the rapid uptake of the mobile phone by pastoral communities in Tanzania and its use as a tool to tackle marketing constraints. The research design involves an interregional comparative analysis of two key production regions: Arusha and the Lake Zone, and two groups of livestock producers (the Maasai pastoralists and Wasukuma agro-pastoralists respectively). Applying the Social Shaping of Technology (SST) perspective from Science and Technology Studies (STS), and in particular the concept of 'appropriation', the study examines the embrace of mobile phones by those producers - who keep livestock under the extensive (pastoralist) and semi-intensive (agro-pastoralist) systems respectively. The thesis examines the extent to which the mobile phone is changing how livestock keepers interact in the livestock market and how this is affecting their livelihoods. The thesis shows that the significance of the mobile phone varies with user groups; for instance, for the Maasai who still lead a nomadic life, the mobile phone is used 'conservatively' to communicate about herd management and to coordinate household affairs in ways that do not substantially disrupt traditional social practices and roles. In contrast, the Wasukuma agro-pastoralists use mobile phones to introduce new processes to support production and marketing, one good example being the strategy used to coordinate transportation of cattle to market. The study findings suggest the extension of the 'appropriation' (Williams, Stewart, & Slack, 2005) conceptualisation by adding the possibility of a spectrum from shallow to extended according to users' role and the context of use. Nevertheless, and in more generic terms, it is possible to say that the mobile phone use did not disrupt some of the traditional practices and trade customs amongst the Maasai, and it has reinforced the innovative behaviour of the Wasukuma. The thesis also examines a parallel initiative whereby aid agencies and public bodies in Tanzania supported the development of the Livestock Information Network and Knowledge System (LINKS), as an ICT platform designed to improve the livestock market by sharing market information. However, studies show that LINKS has not had the intended effect, is not trusted and has not been adopted by many pastoralists. The study shows how the concept of trust, which is key in market dynamics and trade relations, has been reshaped, because the mobile phone has supported informal communications that reinforce traditional methods of policing trust in the market. The thesis contributes to ongoing debates surrounding the conceptualisation of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D). The failure of early ICT4D initiatives was attributed to a failure to address users' specific requirements, due to gaps in the translation process, as well as to socio-political and technical fragilities such as the lack of adequate infrastructure, and a deficient social learning process. The initial reworking of ICT4D highlighted the need to design technology as a specific solution appropriate to particular contexts/user groups. These were seen as finished solutions (corresponding to the idea of a 'technical fix'). Focusing upon 'appropriation', in line with the Social Shaping of Technology - Mark 2 approach - allows scope for a further rethinking of ICT4D which addresses not just design but the active role of users in shaping technological innovation to the context and purposes of communities in developing countries.

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Pattichis, Charalambos Athanasiou. "Cyprus and the Common Agricultural Policy : a quantitative analysis, with special reference to arable crops, livestock and dairy products." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624196.

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Wray, Vicki Lorraine. "Cattle price risk management strategies-using computer simulation to educate Iowa producers of available tools." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/759.

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Tonelli, Mattia. "Effects of different pastures management on dung beetle communities in a sub-mountainous landscape of central Italy: a multicomponent biodiversity and ecological process analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/65761.

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Los escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) son un grupo de insectos muy importante en términos de diversidad y biomasa en los pastos de la cuenca del Mediterráneo. A pesar de su importancia ecológica, los escarabajos coprófagos están amenazados por varios factores, entre los cuales se destacan los cambios en el manejo de la ganadería tradicional. El objetivo general de esta tesis fue evaluar los efectos del abandono de la ganadería, su extensificación y uso histórico de productos médico veterinarios sobre las comunidades de escarabajos coprófagos usando medidas de biodiversidad y cuantificando la capacidad de remoción de estiércol en un paisaje sub-montano de la provincia de Pesaro-Urbino (Italia). En este trabajo se colectaron un total de 156 936 individuos, pertenecientes a 58 especies de escarabajos coprófagos. Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que el uso histórico de productos médico veterinarios tiene un impacto negativo y ubiquitario sobre todas las especies de la comunidad de estudio, llevando a un empobrecimiento de los ensambles y a una pérdida de abundancia y biomasa. No obstante se ha registrado el mantenimiento de la estructura de la comunidad. Estos resultados son corroborados igualmente cuando nos enfocamos en la diversidad funcional. En efecto, el uso histórico de productos médico veterinarios lleva a una pérdida en el número de roles funcionales dentro de la comunidad, sin embargo las abundancias se encuentran repartidas equitativamente dentro de cada nicho funcional. Todos estos efectos sobre la comunidad de escarabajos coprófagos debido al uso de productos médico veterinarios, al final quedan reflejados en una pérdida del 70% en la capacidad de remoción de estiércol, comparados con áreas donde estos productos no son aplicados. La extensificación de la ganadería está representada por áreas que tienen una intensidad de pastoreo muy baja, las cuales pueden ser consideradas como la primera etapa hacia el abandono completo. En este sentido, los resultados de este trabajo demuestran como una simple reducción de la carga ganadera lleva a efectos negativos sobre las comunidades de escarabajos coprófagos, registrando una disminución en la diversidad alpha y en el número de especies indicadoras. Esta disminución en la cantidad de recurso trófico tiene implicaciones sobre la composición de la comunidad, favoreciendo especies oportunistas cuya biología le permite evitar la competencia, como por ejemplo; especies cleptoparásitas o especies cuyas larvas tienen un comportamiento saprófago. Este “efecto filtro” (filter effect) debido a la disminución de la cantidad trófica, está confirmado por los resultados de diversidad funcional, en los cuales se registró una disminución en el número de nichos funcionales y una fuerte redundancia por la presencia de nichos funcionales muy similares entre ellos. Los efectos sobre la comunidad de escarabajos coprófagos en los sitios con baja carga ganadera reflejan finalmente una pérdida en la capacidad de enterramiento del estiércol del 30-40% respecto a las comunidades en áreas con una mayor carga ganadera. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que en las áreas con abandono total de la ganadería se observó una disminución en el número de especies, en la abundancia y biomasa total, en el número de especies indicadoras, en la abundancia de las especies de gran tamaño y en las especies que no tienen un comportamiento de nidificación durante el periodo reproductivo. Sin embargo, el mantenimiento de una comunidad bien estructurada, subraya la importancia de dos factores locales: el excremento de la fauna silvestre y la mayor complejidad del hábitat debido a un proceso de invasión de árboles en el pasto. Este último factor es probablemente responsable de la presencia de especies indicadoras típicas de hábitats más cerrados como los bosques o matorrales. En cuanto a los resultados de diversidad funcional, estos confirman la interpretación del “efecto filtro” debido a la disminución en la cantidad de recurso trófico. En efecto, estos resultados muestran una unicidad funcional significativa en esta comunidad como consecuencia del fuerte cambio composicional que el abandono de la ganadería ha implicado, a pesar de una disminución en el número de nichos funcionales y en el mantenimiento de una buena estructura funcional. Así mismo, se registró una disminución en la capacidad de enterramiento del estiércol entre 27% y 47% respecto a las áreas con baja carga ganadera y con carga moderada por todos estos cambios cuali y cuantitativos en la comunidad de escarabajos coprófagos de los sitios abandonados. Se propone la ganadería ecológica como forma correcta de gestión de los pastos, la cual permitiría mantener un nivel de carga moderado, así como el control en uso de compuestos médico veterinarios.

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Lundström, Markus. "The winner of the expanding meat industry : A study of the power structures within the production chain of beef meat produced in Brazil and consumed in Sweden." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1157.

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The overall purpose of this study is to examine what consequences might be connected to Swedish meat consumption. To illustrate this, the production chain of beef meat, produced in Brazil and consumed in Sweden, has been mapped and investigated. The analytical focus of this study has been on power distribution within the chain, aiming to outline its socio-economic consequences in the Brazilian context. The empirical data was collected partly from secondary sources, but also from primary sources through interviews with key informants in the buyer-end of the production chain. The Global Value Chain approach served as a methodology for mapping the production chain and as a theoretical device for analysing the embedded power structures.The main result, besides an overview of the beef production chain, was an identification of the chain as buyer-driven. Power is particularly concentrated around supermarket chains, which have very specific requirements on production and processing, implemented by the importing firms, thus also having a huge influence. Power concentration was also discovered in the levels of farming and processing, where the number of acting units declines frequently. The Swedish beef consumption thus seems to contribute, however small-scaled, to the process of power concentration along the chain of production, making market entrance a scarce asset. Potential socio-economic consequences of this process, besides unequal access to influence, might be longer travels or changed city of residence for workers, or even employment losses due to inadequate education. Low-income consumers might become vulnerable since cheap low-quality meat becomes inaccessible. Moreover, this thesis has also raised additional questions, suitable for further research, regarding the impacts of Swedish meat consumption.

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Bonatti, Franscine Kelli Quinhones. "Desenvolvimento de modelo dinâmico de simulação para sistemas de recria e terminação de bovinos em pasto." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5629.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2958524 bytes, checksum: 9817c5c295d5278b2072ea93f1a2d6b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-16 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico The objective of this work was to develop and to evaluate a model of computer simulation for systems of rearing and finishing of bovines on pasture from the implementation of the model of simulation into a program language of multiple purposes. To elaborate the model of simulation, equations described in the scientific literature were used. The equations will be gathered and implemented by using the specific software for simulation of dynamic systems, STELLA 8.0®. The interval of time adopted in the simulation for updating the values of the variables was 1 day, and some variables received stochastic treatment. After the development of the model of simulation, sensitive tests were carried out to evaluate biological responses to changes in some variables, for example, stocking rate, supply of supplement per animal/day and potential growth of the forage aiming at evaluating if the produced results are in agreement to what was expected. Validation of the model of simulation was done by using information obtained from the literature, where the degree of linear association among the values generated by the model and by the observed values was measured by using the procedure Proc Corr from SAS. The model of simulation produced responses to the variations on rainfall and air temperature, to the stocking rate and to the level of supplementation, which are in agreement to what was expected, however, despite of the linear association among the data generated by the model and to the ones observed in reality, the coefficient of correlation is considered to be low. Objetivou-se desenvolver e avaliar um modelo de simulação computacional para sistemas de recria e terminação de bovinos em pasto, a partir da implementação do modelo de simulação em uma linguagem de programação de múltiplo propósito. Para a elaboração do modelo de simulação foram utilizadas equações descritas na literatura científica. As equações serão reunidas e implementadas com a utilização do software específico para simulação de sistemas dinâmicos, STELLA 8.0®. O intervalo de tempo adotado na simulação para atualização do valor das variáveis foi de um dia e algumas variáveis receberam tratamento estocástico. Após o desenvolvimento do modelo de simulação foram realizados testes de sensibilidade para avaliar respostas biológicas a modificações em algumas variáveis como taxa de lotação, fornecimento de suplemento por animal/dia e crescimento potencial de forragem, visando avaliar se os resultados produzidos estão de acordo com o que seria esperado. A validação do modelo de simulação foi realizada com a utilização de informações obtidas na literatura, onde foi medido o grau de associação linear entre os valores gerados pelo modelo e os observados, utilizando-se o procedimento Proc Corr do SAS. No que se refere às variações das condições de precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura do ar, da taxa de lotação e do nível de suplementação, o modelo de simulação produziu respostas que estão de acordo com o que seria esperado, porém, embora havendo associação linear entre os dados gerados pelo modelo e os observados na realidade, o coeficiente de correlação é considerado baixo.

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Amadou, Hamadoun [Verfasser]. "Effect of management strategies on the performance of ruminant livestock production systems and the safety of plant and animal products in the city of Sikasso, Mali / Hamadoun Amadou." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022606646/34.

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Fayemi, Peter Olutope. "Perceptions on ante-mortem welfare, quantitation of pain and pregnancy biomarkers, muscular fibre architecture and quality of Dohne Merino offal." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007573.

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Sheep farming is practiced extensively in South Africa for its significant contributions to the livestock, wool and meat industries. The sheep farming sector in the country has approximately 13,800 farmers with commercial and communal sheep farmers making up 58 percent and 42 percent of the entire work force (Directorate of Agricultural Information Services, 2008). An estimate of 28.8 million sheep and flock size ranging between ≤ 50 and ≥ 1800 exist in various South African provinces. Although the national herd size is unevenly distributed provincially most of the herds are found in the Eastern Cape (30 percent) followed by the Northern Cape (25 percent), Free State (20 percent) and the Western Cape (11 percent) respectively (Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2011). Over twenty indigenous and locally developed sheep breeds are managed where about 69 percent of the land area is available for their grazing nation-wide (Campher et al., 1998; Palmer and Ainslie, 2006). Common among the indigenous breeds are the Afrikaner, Blackhead Persian, Blackhead Speckled Persian, Blinkhaar Ronderib, Damara, Karakul, Namaqua Afrikaner, Pedi, Redhead Persian, Redhead Speckled, Swazi and Zulu. The locally developed breeds include Dorper, Van Rooy and Merinos. The local breeds developed from Merinos consist of the Afrino, Dormer, Dohne Merino and South African mutton Merino (Hammond, 2000; Pranisha, 2004; Hinton, 2006; Sorma et al., 2012). All these sheep breeds are best suited for providing by-products such as wool, meat, hide, milk or a combination of products (Dave and Meadowcroft, 1996; Jensen, 2009). The indigenous and locally developed sheep were bred to meet the growing demand for its by-products (Peters et al., 2010). Expectedly, sheep farmers therefore, make use of the products from these sheep as a means of livelihood and sustenance of a viable local society (Cloete and Olivier, 2010).

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Litre, Gabriela. "Les gauchos et la mondialisation. Vulnérabilité et adaptation de l'élevage familial dans la dans la Pampa l'Uruguay, l'Argentine et le Brésil." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030056.

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L’élevage familial gaucho, une catégorie spéciale dans le monde de l’agriculture familiale, a été longuement ignoré par le milieu académique et par les décideurs. Le scénario où se déroule l’élevage familial gaucho – la Pampa – est un biome en profonde transformation qui, même riche, a le plus petit pourcentage de surface légalement protégée, en plus des passifs environnementaux à réversibilité difficile. Cette dévalorisation naît du manque de politiques d’appui au secteur et à l’exode massif des éleveurs familiaux qui, marginalisés ou forcés à choisir un système d’élevage en confinement des animaux [feedlot], finissent par louer ou vendre leurs terres à des entreprises multinationales dédiées aux monocultures de soja ou eucalyptus. Dans ce travail, nous analyserons les perceptions et les stratégies d’adaptation des éleveurs familiaux de viande bovine du biome Pampa de l’Argentine, de l’Uruguay et du Brésil face à la concurrence entre l’élevage traditionnel et l’agriculture à grande échelle. On utilise les concepts de vulnérabilité, résilience, adaptation et de double exposition aux risques climatiques et socio-économiques comme l’explication théorique plus consistante pour la réalité trouvée. Comme données primaires, nous avons interviewé 75 familles d’éleveurs [25 par pays] avec des formulaires semi-structurés qui cherchaient à identifier, à travers la méthode de l’analyse thématique, leurs modes de vie. C’est à partir de ces données que nous avons conclu que l’élevage familial gaúcho constitue un lien important entre emploi, production, durabilité et contention sociale Gaucho family livestock producers are a special social category in the family agriculure world. They have been traditionally ignored by researchers and decision-makers. Like their livelihoods, the context in which gaúcho family farming takes place – the Pampa biome – is also experiencing deep transformations. In spite of its rich biodiversity, the grasslands of the Pampas have one of the smallest areas of legally protected land in the world and is subject to environmental passives of difficult reversibility. This lack of interest in the Pampas and its family livestock producers has led to the absence of public policies tailored to that sector and the massive exodus of family farmers to the cities. Thus marginalized, and forced to intensify their production through systems such as feedlots, many of them choose to rent or directly sell their land to multinational soybean or eucalypt companies. We have conducted a thematic analysis of 75 semi-structured interviews to family livestock producers [25 per country]. The semi-structured questionnaires aimed at discovering their livelihoods and adaptation strategies. We use the concepts of adaptation, resilience, vulnerability and the double exposure framework as theoretical tools to explain this complex reality. We conclude that gaucho family livestock production is a positive link between employement, production, sustainability and social contention

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Silva, Marcelo Corrêa da. "Genômica de populações e genética geográfica de bovinos Pantaneiros e Curraleiro Pé-Duro com uso de polimorfismos de base única (SNP)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5481.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-18T10:48:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Corrêa da Silva - 2015.pdf: 7209207 bytes, checksum: c24f13fb20a00a3bc5b7d242ee956d69 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-18T10:51:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Corrêa da Silva - 2015.pdf: 7209207 bytes, checksum: c24f13fb20a00a3bc5b7d242ee956d69 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T10:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Marcelo Corrêa da Silva - 2015.pdf: 7209207 bytes, checksum: c24f13fb20a00a3bc5b7d242ee956d69 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-21 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Livestock production has played a major role in social-economic aspects of rural development worldwide. In South America the introduction of domestic breeds such as cows, sheep and goats occurred during Spanish and Portuguese colonization expeditions over five hundred years ago. The Pantaneiro and Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle breeds originate from this exact context and resemble historic, cultural and ecological aspects of traditional cattle farming in Brazil. This is characterized by rough and extensive breeding systems placed in many ecosystems of this country. Small population sizes and severe loss of genetic diversity in livestock breeds are of great concern regarding the scenario of global warming, emphasis on the sustainability of farming activities, the need of alternatives to attend market trends and promote rural development in a local perspective. This study was undertaken to explore patterns of genetic diversity in Pantaneiro e Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle, aiming to identify differences between groups reared in several regions of Central-West, Central, North and Northeast of Brazil. Animals were genotyped using a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) chip containing over fifty thousand markers. Different analytical procedures were carried out using differentiation index, estimates of common ancestry, simple and multivariate clustering, inbreeding coefficients, genetic and also geographical distances. Spatial analysis was developed to allow the identification of patterns of genetic variation, specific geographical regions and herds of greater genetic differentiation. The results furnish insights in order to develop strategies to preserve genetic variability in Pantaneiro and Curraleiro Pé-Duro cattle. Os bovinos são tradicionalmente utilizados como fonte de proteína animal na alimentação humana em diversas regiões do mundo. Na América do Sul esta espécie foi introduzida por colonizadores espanhóis e portugueses e há mais de 500 anos tem sido disseminada no Brasil com importância alimentar e socioeconômica. Bovinos Pantaneiros e Curraleiro Pé-Duro são remanescentes de bovinos trazidos da região ibero-americana por meio de navios. Atualmente são considerados patrimônios históricos e culturais do país, com destaque à pecuária extensiva e tradicional que é praticada em diversos biomas do interior do Brasil, como o Pantanal, o Cerrado e a Caatinga. O baixo número de indivíduos existente, a demanda por uma produção animal mais competitiva e economicamente viável, com potencial de agregação de valor ou diferencial em termos de rusticidade, tem sido favoráveis para a discussão da conservação e maior utilização de raças localmente adaptadas. Isso tem tido maior destaque também em função do advento do aquecimento global e maior valorização de especificidades que caracterizam circunstâncias sociais, ecológicas e produtivas em escala local. Assim, este estudo foi desenvolvido a fim de explorar e compreender padrões de diversidade genética em populações de bovinos Pantaneiros e Curraleiro Pé-Duro, investigando-se diferenças e semelhanças genéticas entre indivíduos e rebanhos amostradas em diferentes biomas das regiões centro oeste, norte e nordeste do Brasil. Bovinos foram amostrados e genotipados com uso de um chip contendo mais de 50 mil marcadores polimórficos de base única (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP). Diferentes técnicas de análise genética foram realizadas como o uso de distância genéticas, índices de diferenciação genética, estimativas de ancestralidade comum, endogamia e análises de dispersão e agrupamento uni e multivariados. Foram utilizados métodos de estatística espacial, que possibilitaram a identificação de padrões de variabilidade genética em função de distâncias geográficas e a identificação de descontinuidades genéticas, revelando uma compreensão inédita acerca da diferenciação entre grupos formados com base em um critério geopolítico ou com base em similaridade genética. Os resultados obtidos fornecem subsídios para a formação de grupos experimentais, a troca de material genético entre criadores, planejamentos participativos para a preservação e gestão sustentável desses bovinos junto às associações de criadores, entidades de pesquisa e demais atores envolvidos.

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Vinholis, Marcela de Mello Brandão. "Fatores determinantes da adoção da certificação SISBOV/TRACES na pecuária de corte do estado de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3418.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4955.pdf: 2636649 bytes, checksum: 9aaa90da2357f5a0d30023f94eac63dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 The increase number of food contamination cases, associated with increasing market competition, fostered the adoption and diffusion of new legal rules and certification systems related to food safety. Technical and sanitary barriers were created by import countries. The European Union has demanded traceability as a condition to have access to its market. These demand had impact on the national regulatory environment for food safety. In 2002, The Brazilian System of Identification and Certification of Bovine and Bubaline Origin (SISBOV) was created. The SISBOV certification is necessary, but not sufficient condition to export to EU market. The farm must also be part of TRACES (Trade Control and Expert System) certification. TRACES is a network created by EU for veterinary health which notifies, certifies and monitors trade in animals and animal products. However, the level of diffusion of this certification is low. A small number of farms have adopted and technological heterogeneity persists in bovine livestock production in Brazil. The aim of this thesis is to identify and analyze determinants of adoption of SISBOV and TRACES certification at the farm level in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The literature on technology adoption and entrepreneurship provides a theoretical framework to understand how farmers behave with regard to an innovation. A survey questionnaire was used to get the information on farmer and farm characteristics. The logit model was used to analyze the cross section data from a sample of 32 certified farms and 52 non-certified counterfactual farms. The results suggest that the adoption of feedlot production system, associated to the adoption of hedge mechanisms, is an important determinant of the adoption of the certification. There is complementarity between the technologies. Also, the livestock and farm size, education, participation on farmer organization and being a member of a group of farmers informally organized, previous experience with other certification, business travels abroad and access to specialized information by web play a significant role in the adoption of both SISBOV and TRACES certification. As ocorrências de casos de contaminações alimentares, associadas ao ambiente comercial competitivo, resultaram na difusão de exigências legais e sistemas de certificação relacionados à segurança do alimento. Barreiras técnicas e sanitárias foram criadas por países importadores. A União Europeia tem demandado a rastreabilidade para viabilizar o acesso ao seu mercado. Esta demanda teve impacto no ambiente regulatório da defesa agropecuária nacional. Em 2002, foi normatizado o Sistema Brasileiro de Identificação e Certificação de Origem Bovina e Bubalina (SISBOV). A certificação SISBOV é necessária, mas não é condição suficiente para exportar para o mercado europeu. A propriedade rural certificada pelo SISBOV deve fazer parte da lista TRACES (Trade Control and Expert System). TRACES é uma rede criada pela União Europeia para a saúde animal que notifica, certifica e monitora o comércio de animais e de produtos de origem animal. Entretanto, o nível de difusão desta certificação é baixo na pecuária de corte no Brasil. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é identificar e analisar os fatores que determinam a adoção da certificação SISBOV e TRACES no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A literatura sobre adoção de tecnologia e empreendedorismo fornece a abordagem teórica para compreender o comportamento do pecuarista frente uma inovação. Um questionário estruturado foi utilizado para obter informações sobre características da propriedade rural, do sistema de produção e do pecuarista. O modelo logit foi utilizado para a análise dos dados transversais de uma amostra de 32 propriedades certificadas e 52 não certificadas. Os resultados sugerem que a adoção prévia de sistema intensivo de produção animal, que por sua vez é associado à utilização de instrumentos de gestão de risco, constitui um importante fator determinante da adoção da certificação SISBOV e TRACES. Este resultado deve-se à existência da complementaridade existente entre ambas as tecnologias. Ainda, o tamanho do rebanho e da propriedade rural, o nível de escolaridade, a participação do pecuarista em associação ligada à pecuária, o envolvimento em grupos não formais de pecuaristas, a experiência prévia com outras certificações, a prática de viagens a negócio ao exterior e o acesso à informação especializada por meio da web diferenciam as propriedades certificadas das não certificadas.

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Prado, Wander Bosco Souza do. "Análise econômica do sistema de produção ILP- integração lavoura pecuária em uma unidade de pesquisa avançada da EMBRAPA do Mato Grosso." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3741.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5663.pdf: 2707599 bytes, checksum: c343d3a3cc960d54e23bdd93d0eb0a2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-23 The purpose of the study was to evaluate the economic viability of Crop-Livestock Integration System (SILP) in a experimental unit of EMBRAPA, stade of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The research was held on 100 hectare farm area under commercial conditions of production. This production system can be considered as an alternative for tradictional land use. It is able to increase agricultural production and avoide exploitation of new agricultural areas in environmental sensitive areas. A case study exploratory research was conducted. The approach to the problem was quantitative and qualitative, by the use of statistical tools for data collection and processing, and the analysis of variables. It was collected economic and financial data in real conditions using spreadsheet software. This information was presented by means of cash flow, which allowed to produce economic indicators and analysis, since the implementation of the project until the marketing of the products for a period of 5 (five) years farming, providing relevant analysis and interpretation of indicators based on analysis of cash flow, such as NPV. An economic analisys of the SILP is provided, showing its advantages and disadvantages for farmers and giving more information for analysis and decision making related to its adoption. It was shown that SILP is economically advantageous when compared with the monoculture of soybean. Even though SILP is a technology still under development, it proved to be advantageous because positive economic returns, and especially because it provides diversification of productive activities, generating greater stability at less risk. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a viabilidade econômica do Sistema Integração Lavoura-Pecuária (SILP), numa unidade de referência tecnológica (URT) avançada da EMBRAPA em Mato Grosso. A investigação se realizou nas condições de produção em escala comercial em 100 ha. A justificativa da pesquisa se fundamenta no fato da exploração dessa tecnologia de produção no meio agropecuário ser considerada uma alternativa para melhor ocupação do solo com aumento da produção agropecuária sem a abertura de novas aréas. Optou-se pela pesquisa exploratória cujos procedimentos adotados foram os de um estudo de caso. Quanto à abordagem do problema, desenvolveu-se a pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa pelo emprego de instrumentos estatísticos para coleta e tratamento dos dados, e pelas análises de suas variáveis. Coletaram-se dados econômicos e financeiros em condições reais, por meio de planilha de campo, com foco na atividade operacional e com base nos movimentos de custos e receitas das atividades produtivas envolvidas. Essas informações foram apresentadas por meio de fluxo de caixa, o que permitiu produzir indicadores econômicos e fazer a análise, desde a implantação do projeto, até a comercialização dos produtos por um período de 5 (cinco) anos agrícolas. A opção, por esse período, proporcionou relevante análise e interpretação por meio de ferramentas econômicas ao se utilizar os indicadores. Tomou-se como base da análise o fluxo de caixa, aplicando os coeficientes VPL, e TMA. Como foco dos estudos do sistema, proporcionou uma visão econômica sobre o SILP e possibilitou a reflexão sobre suas vantagens e desvantagens para o produtor rural, subsidiando-o com mais informações para análise e tomada de decisão sobre a sua adoção. O Estudo demonstrou que o SILP é vantajoso economicamente por apresentar os mesmos resultados quando comparado com cultura da soja praticada no próprio sistema, já que esta foi executada com os mesmos parâmetros técnicos do sistema convencional e já é consagrada como tecnologia estável. O SILP demonstrou ser vantajoso pelo retorno econômico positivo, e, principalmente, pela diversificação das atividades produtivas, gerando maior estabilidade em cenários de risco como foi demonstrado.

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Andrade, Juliana Justino de. "Caracteriza??o da caprinocultura nas microrregi?es da chapada do Apodi e de Angicos do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17182.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaJA_DISSERT.pdf: 2116213 bytes, checksum: fc751829efa3c492850a246e32488677 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior The objectives of this study were to characterize the goat production systems and to identify the factors limiting the production chain and develop solutions to improve the goat industry in the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. One hundred and sixty two questionnaires were applied to goat farmers looking for productive, economic and social information about the utilized systems in the micro regions of Chapada do Apodi and Angicos. The majority producers interviewed were male, aging from 31 to 50 years old, attended elementary school, associated to farm organizations and living with his family on farm. Their main concerns are feeding the heard and animal theft. Their average farmlands areas range from 11 to 50 hectares. Goat meat is the main production in Chapada do Apodi whereas milk is produced by farmers in Angicos micro region. The majority of goat production works with an extensive system, with low technological inputs. It was detected that the meat and milk production as the marketing of goat products is not well conducted. Other point to be improved is to increase the meat and dairy goat products to be available for consumers. Goat systems for meat and milk production has great to potential for this micro regions, although public policies for an organized supply chain is needed Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram caracterizar os sistemas de produ??o de caprinos, identificar os fatores limitantes e formular solu??es que promovam a melhoria da caprinocultura no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Para isso, foram aplicados 162 question?rios contendo par?metros produtivos, econ?micos e sociais. O levantamento foi realizado nas microrregi?es de Chapada do Apodi e Angicos, essas foram escolhidas, por deterem o maior efetivo e maior densidade de caprino. Identificou-se que a maioria dos produtores entrevistados ? do sexo masculino, est? na faixa et?ria de 31 a 50 anos, cursou apenas o ensino fundamental incompleto, participa de afilia??es e reside com sua fam?lia na propriedade. Suas principais preocupa??es s?o com a alimenta??o do rebanho e o roubo de animais. Sua propriedade tem em torno de 11 a 50 hectares. A caprinocultura de corte ? mais praticada na Chapada do Apodi e a de leite na microrregi?o de Angicos. O sistema de produ??o mais utilizado ? o extensivo. Quanto ? produ??o e comercializa??o dos produtos, nota-se que existe uma defici?ncia na diversidade de produtos e uma necessidade de ampliar o mercado consumidor, assim percebe-se que a caprinocultura apresenta grande potencial para tornar-se um setor lucrativo da regi?o, por?m necessita de pol?ticas que incentivem os produtores na ado??o de medidas para organizar a cadeia produtiva

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RIBEIRO, Elâine Maria dos Santos. "Efeito de pertubações antrópicas crônicas sobre a diversidade da flora lenhosa da caatinga." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17412.

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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T14:44:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Elâine_Ribeiro_TESE_PPGBV.final_V2.pdf: 8805946 bytes, checksum: 49c5072b57c8b0d0264ac0e02e425dc3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T14:44:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Elâine_Ribeiro_TESE_PPGBV.final_V2.pdf: 8805946 bytes, checksum: 49c5072b57c8b0d0264ac0e02e425dc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 FACEPE Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar quais os efeitos de perturbações antrópicas crônicas (e.g. coleta de madeira e de produtos florestais não madeireiros, pastoreio extensivo, caça e danos causados à vegetação pela introdução de espécies exóticas que ocorrem em áreas remanescentes de floresta) sobre a diversidade taxonômica e filogenética da flora lenhosa da Caatinga. Inicialmente, investigamos como se dá a questão da perturbação crônica da flora e seus efeitos sobre a biodiversidade através da revisão de 51 artigos que tratam do tema. Verificamos que estes estudos, em sua maioria, foram realizados em países em desenvolvimento, cujas populações humanas utilizam a floresta para subsistência e comércio. Os efeitos da perturbação foram acessados principalmente ao nível de populações e comunidades, sendo a coleta de produtos florestais não madeireiros a fonte de impacto mais analisada. Os efeitos sobre a biodiversidade foram em geral negativos, mas efeitos neutros e positivos também foram registrados. O segundo capítulo traz um estudo de caso que verifica a influência das perturbações humanas crônicas sobre a diversidade e composição taxonômica da flora lenhosa da Caatinga, realizado em várias propriedades privadas na cidade de Parnamirim-PE, Brasil. Neste estudo foram amostradas comunidades lenhosas de adultos, jovens e plântulas, e como preditores da perturbação crônica utilizaram-se a densidade de pessoas e animais domésticos (caprinos e bovinos), além de indicadores de acessibilidade às áreas, como a distância ao centro urbano mais próximo, à estrada mais próxima e à propriedade rural mais próxima às parcelas amostradas. Esses preditores tiveram em geral efeitos negativos sobre a diversidade taxonômica independente do estágio ontogenético, sendo a densidade de pessoas e de animais os preditores mais importantes desses efeitos. Verificouse ainda que a composição das espécies nas áreas perturbadas foi distinta, sendo pouco representada pela abundância de espécies de madeira densa nas áreas mais perturbadas. O terceiro e último capítulo verificou como as comunidades lenhosas de adultos, jovens e plântulas da Caatinga, amostradas no capítulo anterior, são afetadas pela perturbação crônica do ponto de vista de diversidade e estrutura filogenética. Neste capítulo, utilizaram-se os mesmos preditores da perturbação citados anteriormente, porém agora combinados em um índice de perturbação crônica. A diversidade de famílias esperadas para história evolutiva da região e a distância média entre os indivíduos dessas comunidades, medida em anos, foi reduzida em ambientes mais perturbados e para todos os estágios ontogenéticos. As comunidades de jovens e de plântulas apresentaram maior grau de parentesco em áreas mais perturbadas, sendo os táxons Euphorbiaceae e Cnidoscolus responsáveis por esse aumento de parentesco. Os resultados desta tese demonstram que as perturbações antrópicas crônicas na Caatinga não podem ser negligenciadas, pois conferem efeitos negativos importantes à diversidade taxonômica e filogenética da flora lenhosa. Dessa forma, estratégias de manejo que conciliem o uso dessas florestas e a manutenção da biodiversidade da Caatinga são urgentes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic anthropogenic disturbances (e.g. harvesting of timber and non-timber forest products, hunting, livestock, and damage to vegetation caused by exotic species that occur in natural remnant forests) on the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of wood flora from Brazilian Caatinga. Initially, 51 scientific papers were revised in order to investigate how chronic anthropogenic disturbances affect the flora of natural ecosystems. Most studies were conducted at developing countries, where human populations use forest resources for subsistence and commerce. Chronic disturbance effects were accessed mainly at population and community levels, and harvesting of nontimber forest products was the disturbance source more frequently analyzed in those papers. Effects of the chronic disturbances were in general negative, however positive and neutral effects were also documented. The second chapter brings a case study that evaluates the influence of chronic disturbances on the taxonomic diversity and composition of Caatinga wood flora from private propreties at the municipality of Parnamirim-PE, Brazil. Adult, sapling and seedling of wood plant communities were sampled, and the density of people and livestock (goats and catle) near the plot were used as predictors of chronic disturbance, as well as the distances to the nearest urban centre, road and rural property. In general, these disturbance predictors showed negative effects on taxonomic diversity irrespective to ontogenetic stage. Moreover, the density of people and livestock near the plot were the main predictors of these negative effects. Species composition differed between plots with low and high level of disturbance, especially in relation to hard wood species, which were rare in the plots highly disturbed. The third and last chapter analyzed how the adult, sapling and seedling communities, surveyed previously, were affected by chronic disturbances from the viewpoint of the phylogenetic diversity and structure. In this chapter the chronic disturbance predictors described above were combined into a chronic disturbance index. The diversity of families expected to the local evolutionary history and the mean phylogenetic distance between the individuals were reduced in plots with higher level of disturbance for all ontogenetic stages. Sapling and seeedling communities had higher degree of relatedness in most disturbed sites, being Euphorbiaceas and Cinidoscolus taxa responsible for this increasing in the relatedness degree. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that chronic anthropogenic disturbance at Caatinga could not continue to be neglected, as it imposes deleterious effects to the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of wood plant assemblages. Management strategies conciliating forest use and the maintenance of Caatinga biodiversity are urgent.

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Schulz, Lee L. "Cow-calf producer preferences for voluntary traceability systems and system attributes." Diss., 2008.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Agricultural Economics, 2008. "Major professor, Dr. Glynn Tonsor"--Acknowledgements. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 30, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-206). Also issued in print.

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Liu, Ying-Hsien, and 劉英賢. "Vermicompost produced from different agricultural livestock composts as growth of vegetable." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79413628939450895950.

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碩士 國立屏東科技大學 環境工程與科學系所 104 Taiwan agricultural livestock manure is also the most difficult to deal with the headache of the project, livestock manure is a very large amount of animal excrement rich in nutrients, if put to good use can be made into compost, organic waste will be converted into compost high quality organic fertilizer, has the effect of resource recycling, or earthworms as a matrix. After a month of this study, carried out the cultivation of cow dung, pig manure and chicken manure was added by the appropriate ratio of the materials, after aeration must take a considerable amount of feeding earthworms, earthworm digestion after a week, to take the media and adjust the ratio of vermicompost test. The results found that the germination rate is not whether composting affected, and the germination of the test group was more than 90% of the control group germination, root growth and unlimited, then all sample vermicompost can be regarded as the maturity of the compost. However, the untreated livestock manure for plant growth is slow, and even chicken manure cultivation experiments, full plant death in the first two days. For vermicompost feeding earthworms arising in cultivation experiments and pig manure vermicompost samples for green dill vine and vine growing Ziluo better help. Fertilizer components found in the analysis of total nitrogen values decreased from 1.01 to 0.83% and 0.38 to 0.58%, which is closer to the standard value of the chicken mixture. Total phosphorus anhydride increased from 0.15 to 3,88% to 2.94 ~ 8.76%, in line with all of the standard value. Full hydroxide half passed. All organic matter in line with the standard value. Heavy Metal part cow manure and high residual copper ion, zinc ion all are all exceeded. Most of the projects have been in line with the value of organic fertilizer specifications, another fertilizer earthworms also biodegradable content of heavy metals. Keywords：organic fertilizer、Dung、Pig stool、Droppings、compost、earthworm

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WU, RONG-FANG, and 吳蓉芳. "An analysis on marketing margins for fish-livestock products in Taiwan." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70897158348273976824.

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Luter, Ryan Lee. "Oklahoma crop producers' willingness-to-pay for livestock manure a contingent valuation approach /." 2005. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1261.pdf.

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Hussain, Imdad. "Evaluation of low quality roughages and agricultural by-products as livestock feed." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35372.

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32

Yang, Guan-Yuang, and 楊灌園. "Consumer Behavior of the Organic Livestock Products - Organic Chicken as An Example." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fzpvh7.

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碩士 銘傳大學 管理研究所碩士在職專班 93 This research shows: Organic product consumers, who usually hear about new product release from relatives and friends and buy organic livestock products on the organic counter at the cost under 400 NTD every week. If the market place is convenient to buyer, the purchase rate will be higher, but the dollar amount will be less accordingly; On the contrary, if the market place is far from the buyer, the dollar amount will be relatively higher. There exists significant difference among different consumers’ age. Higher purchase desire appeared at age above 40.We applied the Logistic Regression Method and the Structure Equation Model to analyze the consumption willingness and found: firstly, consumers take great emphasis on health effectiveness; secondly, the concern of product residuals, and lastly, the product price. If the consumer has more confidence on product residuals and health effectiveness, the consumption willingness will be above 95%.

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Neethling, Annette. "Measuring brand loyalty of pharmaceutical livestock products among commercial farmers / Annette Neethling." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15470.

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In this study brand loyalty of pharmaceutical livestock products among commercial farmers was measured. The purpose of the study was to assist agribusinesses to identify the dominant determinant when commercial farmers purchase pharmaceutical livestock products from them. The study analysed two marketing mix elements price and product (specifically brand name) in farmer buying behaviour. A structured questionnaire was used to employ an empirical study in a quantitative style to determine the commercial farmers‟ perceptions and buying behaviour when they buy pharmaceutical livestock products. For agribusinesses the study makes it clear where to focus resources and energy in today‟s dynamic, uncertain and competitive environment that agribusinesses operate in, specifically in the North West Province of South Africa. The literature study addressed the brand loyalty constructs and their application in the agricultural market. Resultantly the contribution to the body of knowledge pertains to brand loyalty‟s influence in the marketing strategy (price and brand name). The study also explored opportunities for the successful distribution of pharmaceutical livestock products through agribusinesses. Management of agribusinesses will have to adopt a market-oriented strategy that will assist agribusinesses on various dimensions of performance and will have a significant positive effect on return on assets, sales growth and sustainability. The inputs and assistance of the suppliers and marketers are of utmost importance and will add value to the execution of agribusinesses‟ marketing strategy. MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

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Rahman, Nabeela Afrooz. "NAFTA and Virtual Water Trade: An estimation of virtual water trade in livestock and livestock products between Canada and the United States." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3736.

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Canadian agriculture trade with the United States, specifically trade in livestock and livestock commodities, has flourished under the NAFTA regime. However, the benefits of this trade liberalization have hidden environmental costs that seldom get noticed or accounted. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the hidden cost on water resources by first assessing the virtual water content (VWC) of various types of livestock and livestock products and then quantifying the virtual water flow (VWF) related to trade in livestock and its products between Canada and United States. The study also examined the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and evaluated its implications for Canadian water resources. The research was conducted in three parts. First, the background literature on NAFTA was studied and trade data were collected to understand the NAFTA regime and study the impacts on Canadian exports of livestock and livestock products from the 1990s. The trade data were collected from provincial agricultural ministries and Statistics Canada. Secondly, datasheets were created to calculate the VWC in the various categories of animals and ultimately to estimate VWF between the two countries. Finally, Alberta and Ontario were chosen as case study areas to investigate localized impacts on water resources due to trade under NAFTA. The research results indicate that there is a large difference in the amount of VW being transferred through livestock and livestock commodities from Canada to the U.S. The average difference in trade has been calculated to be 3.6 billion m3 per year. This makes Canada a net exporter of virtual water to the U.S. A closer look at the trade patterns reveals that the U.S. imports mostly water-intensive commodities like cattle and cattle commodities, while it exports mostly less-water intensive commodities like chicken and mutton. By eliminating numerous trade barriers, the agreement has allowed competitive market forces to play a more dominant role in determining agricultural trade flows between the two countries. NAFTA has been criticized and contested at different levels for encouraging bulk water export from Canada to the U.S. What has not received attention in this debate is that water is also being exported in other forms, i.e., the virtual form. The hidden environmental, costs (for the exporting countries) or benefits (to the importing countries) are not reflected in the pricing of agricultural commodities. NAFTA’s mandate for the expansion of trade and investment through the removal of all trade barriers between the two countries is encouraging increased VW trade. This trade, if overlooked, can have deleterious impacts on the water resources of Canada.

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Chang, Chui-Shiang, and 張菊香. "Simultaneous Determination of Quinolones in Marine and Livestock Products and Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin in Tilapia." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7nqn48.

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博士 國立中山大學 海洋生物科技暨資源學系研究所 97 The study felld into three sections. The first section that a liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection was developed for simultaneous determination of 11 quinolones (QNs; marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid and flumequine) in chicken, pork, fish and shrimp. The analytes were extracted with 0.3% metaphosphoric acid: acetonitrile (1:1, v/v), followed by a HLB cartridge clean-up procedure. The HPLC separation was carried out on a symmetry column C18 (250 mm x 4.5 mm i.d., 5 μm) with linear gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile as mobile phase and programmable fluorescence detection. The method was validated by spiking blank animals tissues at three different levels (25, 50 and 250 ng/g; except 6.25, 12.5 and 62.5 ng/g for DAN) and linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, precision and accuracy were checked. Mean recoveries of 11 QNs from edible animal tissues were 71.7-105.3%. The limits of quantification in different muscle tissues ranged from 5.0 to 28.0 ng/g. The results showed it was simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for routine test. The second section that a LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for determining 18 (fluoro)quinolone (QNs) residues in milk, chicken, pork, fish and shrimp. This method is capable of screening and confirming the presence of 12 amphoteric QNs (marbofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, desethylene ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, danofloxacin, sarfloxacin, difloxacin, ofloxacin, orbifloxacin and enoxacin) and 6 acidic QNs (oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid, flumequine, cinoxacin, piromidic acid and pipemidic acid). The drugs were extracted from matrix using acetonitrile with 1% formic acid, diluted in 10% acetonitrile and defatted by extraction with hexane. The LC separation was conducted on a XDB C8 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5μm) column with gradient elution of 20 mM ammonium formate with 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile as the mobile phase. Mass spectral acquisition was completed in the positive ion mode by applying multiple reaction mode (MRM). The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) stated in the Decision No. 2002/657/EC and the ISO standard No.11843, has been calculated in the case of the nonauthorized substance. The values of CCα ranged from 0.18 to 0.68 ng/g and CCβ ranged from 0.24 to 0.96 ng/g under specified conditions. The third section that the pharmacokinetics of ENR and its active metabolite (CIP and des-CIP) were estimated in tilapia after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of a single dose of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg body weigh, respectively. At prefixed time points, from 0.25 h to 7 days after administration, whole blood and main tissue (liver, kidney, bile and muscle) from 4 individuals in each were collected. The concentration of ENR and its active metabolites in the main tissue were simultaneously detected by LC/MS/MS method. Limited of quantitation (LOQ) of this method were 0.01μg/g. Pharmacokinetic parameters from both routes were described to have a two- compartment open model with first-order elimination. After i.v. administration, the area under the drug concentration-time (AUC), elimination half-life (t1/2β), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ), total body clearance (Cltot) and apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) of ENR were 109.6 ± 31.33 μg.h/mL, 55.17 ± 22.84 h, 4.70 ± 0.36 μg/mL, 14.82 ± 4.24 L/h/kg, 1105 ± 223.40 L/kg ,respectively. After oral administration, the AUC , t1/2β, Tmax , Cmax of ENR were 599.42 ± 76.19μg.h/mL , 75.95 ± 12.94 h, 0.601±0.06h, 9.75 ± 0.46μg/mL, respectively. After p.o. administration, CIP could be detected in liver, kidney and bile. Regarding des-CIP, the main active metabolite of CIP, could be detected in 120∼168 h bile among tissue. ENR and CIP had significance enterohepatic cycle in Tilapia and easily accumulated in bile. It seems reasonable to explain the phenomenon of ENR and CIP maintenance of high concentration in blood and muscle during the test time.

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Chen, Mei-Yun, and 陳美雲. "Method Development for Determination of Carbaryl, Permethrin and Piperonyl Butoxide in Livestock and Poultry Products." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82406156355529850280.

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碩士 中原大學 化學研究所 103 To control and prevent parasites infect poultry and livestock in barn with used carbaryl and permethrin. The domestic animals will exposure long-time in this materials because of cleaning and disinfect. carbaryl (CRB), permethrin (PER) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were belong to endocrine disrupters substance, therefor, these materials were have maximum residue limits internationally, but there are no analytical method to detect the residues of CRB,PER and PBO in livestock and poultry products. In order to prevent the problem of CRB, PER and PBO residues in livestock and poultry products, a precise, accurate and rapid analytical method for examining CRB, PER and PBO in livestock and poultry products must be developed. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile; the following cleanup was carried out on a primary secondary amine absorbents. For CRB was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. For PER and PBO was detected by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum. The liner concentration range of the calibration curves of CRB, PER and PBO were 0-500 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9999), 0-60 (R2 = 0.9976) and 0-70 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9984), respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) of CRB, PER and PBO were 5.0, 3.5 and 3.2 ng/mL, respectively and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 16.6, 11.7 and 10.6 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries of spiking experiments at three different concentration levels of CRB, PER and PBO, 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 ng/mL in livestock and poultry products samples were 72-112%. The corresponding inter-day and intra-day precision expressed at relative standard deviations (RSD %) were 1.8-9.3% and 1.6-13.3%, respectively. No CRB, PER and PBO residues were detected in the real samples. Overall, the developed method exhibited with rapid analysis, good sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and accuracy for the analysis of CRB, PER and PBO residue in livestock and poultry products.

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Lu, Lee-Jung, and 呂麗蓉. "Construction of a Food Demand Sub-System - A Case Study of Fish-Livestock Products in Taiwan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32088900623889554711.

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碩士 國立海洋大學 應用經濟研究所 90 Annual per capita consumption data for the period from 1968 through 2000 were used in this study to estimate the demand relationships among fish, pork, beef, chicken and other meat products in Taiwan. The quantities consumed of these five meat products were calculated from the production data. Prices for fishery products and other meat products were the weighted average of the individual fish species or meat in each group. The purposes of this study are (1) to construct a database of fish and livestock products in Taiwan for the period from 1968 through 2000; (2) to select the best demand system from four differential demand systems using the data constructed; (3) to study how meat expenditures and prices influenced consumer demand for fish and livestock products in Taiwan. The four demand systems used in this study are: LES, AIDS, LA/AIDS, and the Rotterdam model. Seemingly unrelated regression method was used to estimate the demand parameters; and these demand parameters were then used to derive their respective demand elasticities. Results show that the Rotterdam model performs better than the other three demand systems. In addition, this study also tests whether the parameters and elasticities derived from Rotterdam model are sensitive to the data of different sources or not. The empirical results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) using the same data, different model specifications resulted in different demand parameter estimates; 2) using different data sources, the same demand system specification resulted in different demand parameter estimates; 3) the income elasticities for the five meat groups derived from the four models are all positive, and among the five groups, beef has the highest elasticity, which shows its consumption was sensitive to changes in fish/livestock expenditures; 4) beef consumption is very sensitive to its own price changes (own-price elasticity is —1.043), which indicates that when beef price decreases, beef consumption would increase and expenditures on beef would increased (I am not sure whether profits can be increased or not, your study probably did not address this problem). Pork, chicken and other meat (own-price elasticities are —0.652, -0.178, and —0.051, respectively) were less sensitive to their own-price changes; therefore, when price increases, expenditures on these meat products would increase; and 5) the results derived from the Rotterdam model suggest that the substitution and the compliment relationships among these five meat groups are fairly weak. Annual per capita consumption data for the period from 1968 through 2000 were used in this study to estimate the demand relationships among fish, pork, beef, chicken and other meat products in Taiwan. The quantities consumed of these five meat products were calculated from the production data. Prices for fishery products and other meat products were the weighted average of the individual fish species or meat in each group. The purposes of this study are (1) to construct a database of fish and livestock products in Taiwan for the period from 1968 through 2000; (2) to select the best demand system from four differential demand systems using the data constructed; (3) to study how meat expenditures and prices influenced consumer demand for fish and livestock products in Taiwan. The four demand systems used in this study are: LES, AIDS, LA/AIDS, and the Rotterdam model. Seemingly unrelated regression method was used to estimate the demand parameters; and these demand parameters were then used to derive their respective demand elasticities. Results show that the Rotterdam model performs better than the other three demand systems. In addition, this study also tests whether the parameters and elasticities derived from Rotterdam model are sensitive to the data of different sources or not. The empirical results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) using the same data, different model specifications resulted in different demand parameter estimates; 2) using different data sources, the same demand system specification resulted in different demand parameter estimates; 3) the income elasticities for the five meat groups derived from the four models are all positive, and among the five groups, beef has the highest elasticity, which shows its consumption was sensitive to changes in fish/livestock expenditures; 4) beef consumption is very sensitive to its own price changes (own-price elasticity is —1.043), which indicates that when beef price decreases, beef consumption would increase and expenditures on beef would increased. Pork, chicken and other meat (own-price elasticities are —0.652, -0.178, and —0.051, respectively) were less sensitive to their own-price changes; therefore, when price increases, expenditures on these meat products would increase; and 5) the results derived from the Rotterdam model suggest that the substitution and the compliment relationships among these five meat groups are fairly weak.

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Yi-ChuChiou and 邱翌竹. "Biodegradation of Veterinary Antibiotics and Intermediate Products during Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes for Livestock Wastewater Treatment." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55217399166473329731.

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碩士 國立成功大學 環境工程學系 104 Water scarcity causes serious problems. Therefore, developing more water sources such as reclaimed waters are urgent. Livestock wastewater accounting for 26 % of overall wastewater in Taiwan and containing high concentration of nutrient is a potential source of reclaimed water for agriculture. However, traditional wastewater treatments could not totally remove antibiotics contented in livestock wastewater. Antibiotics discharged into environment will cause ecological damages and increase antibiotic resistances in microorganisms. Two livestock wastewater treatment plants were investigated the occurrences and the removal efficiencies of antibiotics regularly. Lab-scale sequencing batch reactors were built to simulate the treatment processes, part of them were added with antibiotics and others were used as control group without additional antibiotics. Then, batch tests were conducted to assess the effects and removal mechanism of antibiotics in biological treatment process. Moreover, possible metabolites during biological process would be confirmed by LC-MS/MS. In this study, the adsorption behavior and biodegradation of lincomycin (LCM), tylosin (TYL) and erythromycin (ERY) were investigated. The biotic and abiotic behaviors of tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC) sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfathiazole (STZ), sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were summarized and discussed. The results of batch tests showed that tetracyclines were largely affected by wastewater and sludge while LCM, TYL, ERY and STZ were slightly affected and the interaction of SDZ, SMR and SMX with wastewater matrix could be neglected. Moreover, TYL, ERY and SMX had anaerobic biodegradation potential. There were no aerobic biodegradation potential for tetracycline antibiotics and no anaerobic biodegradation potential for LCM. Furthermore, there were two intermediate products at m/z 734 for ERY and two intermediate products at m/z 212 and 254 for SMX found in anaerobic condition. Overall, this study could help to clarify the fate and behavior of ten antibiotics in the aerobic and anaerobic process.

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CAI, JING-QIANG, and 蔡精強. "A study on the economic analysis of by-products utilization for regional crop-livestock compound farming." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41707873046739895532.

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Skenjana, Akho. "The potential nutritive value of waste products from the sub-tropical fruit processing industry as livestock feed." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26653.

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The scarcity of feed resources often imposes a major challenge to the development of animal production in the tropics and subtropics. However, by-products have long been recognised in providing cheaper alternative feed ingredients relative to conventional feed ingredients, thus alleviating the challenge. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of three waste products from the subtropical fruit processing industry in animal feeding. The products include avocado meal (AM), macadamia oil cake (MOC) and macadamia chips (MCH). The samples were obtained from the processing plants in Nelspruit of Mpumalanga Province, Makhado (Louis Trichardt) and Tzaneen of Limpompo Province. Eight samples of each waste product were collected, prepared and their chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and, in situ ruminal dry matter and crude protein (CP) degradability were determined. A broiler growth trial was conducted as well to determine the effect of replacing maize with AM on performance of broilers under commercial production thus establishing the replacement value of avocado meal in broiler feeds. As the products under study were from the oil extraction process of the two fruits, there were high remnants of oil in all three waste products. As a result the ether extract (EE) content of the three waste products was higher compared to any of the commonly used oilseed meals. The MCH had the highest EE concentration, followed by the MOC and the AM had the lowest. However, after defatting the AM had the highest (P<0.05) EE concentration compared to either the MOC or MCH. The CP concentration of the MOC was significantly higher than that of the AM and MCH. There was no significant difference observed between the AM and MCH in CP concentration. A better amino acid profile was observed with the MOC compared to the AM and MCH. None of the products can be regarded as a protein source. The fibre fractions of the MCH were significantly higher than that of AM and MOC, with the exception of the acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentration. The ADL concentration of the AM and MCH did not differ significantly although the MCH concentration was higher. The MOC had the lowest (P<0.05) ADL concentration compared among these waste products. Generally, the fibre concentration in the MOC was lower compared to other waste products but higher compared to the SBM and POCM. The acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) concentration of the AM was significantly higher than that of MOC and MCH. There was no significant difference observed between MOC and MCH. The condensed tannin (CT) concentration of the waste products differed significantly with the AM being the highest and the MOC the lowest. The ADIN concentration of the MOC could be compared to that of the SBM and lower than that of the POCM. There were some significant differences observed in the mineral composition between the waste products under study. The mineral concentrations were below the maximum tolerable levels of animals except for iron (Fe) in AM which can be toxic to sheep as it was above the maximum tolerable level of 500mg/kg. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of the three waste products differed significantly, with the MOC being the highest and the MCH the lowest. Huge variation within waste products was observed and it could be due to the contamination levels of the products with the indigestible portions of the parent fruits. The in situ degradability of dry matter and CP of the AM and MOC differed significantly, with the MOC surpassing the AM in most of the degradability characteristics. The potential degradable fraction (“b”) and the degradation rate of the b fraction (“c”) fractions of the AM and MOC did not differ significantly. The MCH had more indigestible particles of the kernel and as a result it could not be analysed statistically and was therefore omitted. The effect of replacing maize with AM at different inclusion rates led to decreased feed intake and the final mass of the broilers during the trial period. The feed intake of the broilers on commercial diet was significantly higher than that of the broilers on commercial diets with avocado meal, except for the inclusion rate of 10% AM. The final mass, the ADG and the FCE of the broilers on commercial diet were significantly higher compared to the broilers on diet with AM irrespective of the inclusion rate. No mortalities observed during the experimental period. Copyright Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2012. Animal and Wildlife Sciences unrestricted

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Caceres, Jorge Fidel Barahona, and 巴尤克. "Price Transmission in Markets of Major Livestock Products in Developing Countries: Case Studies from Honduras and Thailand." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98477466300762533978.

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博士 國立屏東科技大學 熱帶農業暨國際合作系 102 This research aimed to investigate the asymmetric price transmission (APT) and market integration in markets of major livestock products using Honduras and Thailand as examples of developing countries. APT within the Honduran dairy and Thai meat industry were investigated using an asymmetric error correction model (AECM). In turn, cointegration techniques were used to quantify the degree of integration of the domestic market as affected by international markets. In the case of Honduras, attention was given to the effects of the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) over prices of dairy products in the domestic markets. In turn, differences in the degree of market integration between domestic and international prices of chicken and pork meat were investigated for the case of Thailand. Results showed that dairy products that exhibit high market competition including fresh and dry cheese showed negative APT whereas those that exhibit low market competition such as quesillo showed positive asymmetric price transmission. In addition, regardless of the type of dairy product, artisan dairy plants will adjust prices more quickly when milk prices increase than when they decrease. Investigation of the market integration shows that prices of dairy products exhibited higher market integration after the CAFTA-DR was enacted in comparison to the period before it. Moreover, market integration between prices of Honduran dairy products with those of El Salvador also increased after the enactment of the CAFTA-DR. APT was found in the pork industry, which is focused on supplying domestic consumption. In contrast, the highly export-oriented poultry industry is characterized by symmetric price transmission. Results from the market integration give indication that prices of Thailand’s domestic chicken market are strongly integrated with those of international markets indicating that the export-oriented nature of the poultry market might have linked the competition from international markets into Thailand’s domestic market. In contrast, the absence of market integration between domestic prices of Thai pork and international prices of pork meat indicated that there is no international pressure over the supply chain of pork production which could enable agents of the supply chain to exert localized market power or any other type of market inefficiencies. Although market integration of the dairy industry increased after the CAFTA-DR, the spillover effect of competition from international markets was not found in the domestic market of dairy products. In contrast, market competition at the international level might have leaked into the domestic market of Thai chicken pressuring agents of the supply chain to follow a competitive behavior within the industry.

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Lin, Shu-Yu, та 林書宇. "A Study on the Restrictive Import Measures of Livestock Products containing β-agonist of Taiwan under the SPS Agreement". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72368755745290804972.

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碩士 國立臺灣海洋大學 海洋法律研究所 96 In 2006, the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine promulgated that it was forbidden to manufacture, disperse, import, export, sell and exposure “β-agonist,” was a feed additive that was used to increase rate of carcass leanness in food-producing animals, because it could be harmful to human healthy according to science reports. In contrast, using β-agonist could decline production costs, thus other countries did not prohibit it generally and the FAO also allow it within a suggesting standard. On the other hand, the restrictive import measures of Taiwan would probably become trade barriers under the WTO Rules. On the purpose of protecting our public health, food safety, and citizen care, this thesis attempts to establish an adaptable restrictive import measure of livestock product containing β-agonist in accordance with the WTO Rules. Furthermore, the thesis does examine not only the public health provisions and practices under the WTO Rules, but also the control systems of β-agonist in the world. In summary, considering literature review methodology, historical methodology, comparative methodology, and interviewing methodology, this thesis tries to present an effective and enforceable conclusion as an advice in the future.

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Chan, Cheng Chung, and 詹正中. "The Research on Introduction of Agro-Biographical to Livestock Products in Taiwan － Take the Production of Pigs for Example." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53408367805786115890.

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碩士 國立政治大學 經營管理碩士學程 94 As the global economic development, environmental awareness and the attention to food safety, applying technology to safeguard people's food security is an irreversible trend. The purposes of this paper are to addresses the methods of introducing technology into agricultural production and control, and the maintenance of production quality. Take the production of pigs for example to investigate the introduction of technology to agricultural production as well as the operation and usage of information platform. The thesis is aimed at so-called “agro-biographical”, containing the origins, the motivations and the current status of introduction of agro-biographical all around the world. On the other hand, the so-called "tracing system" is acknowledged before the introduction of agro-biography, which indicates what and how the detailed data should be included or recorded. The case studies were selected in many agricultural production processes as a force to pigs "agro-biographical" because of the research subjects: 1. Pigs generate the highest value among Taiwan’s agricultural products and they are the necessity. 2. The production process of pigs is short, only six and a half months from birth to slaughter. 3. The more attentions are required to pigs production process and control, such as feed, additives, drugs, plant sources. The study selected RFID as agro-biographical recording media, which control and record pig production process. These RFID chips are in two forms, one is the external ear TAGs, the so called “RFID ear TAG”, and the other is in subcutaneous implantation style in the heads, known as “Subcutaneous Implantation TAG”. The study made comparison between these two kinds of RFIDs and the evaluated them to choose the better one. In addition, the mix of RFID chips for the production of information systems, namely, “The livestock management system” is also indispensable. The research also investigated in the management system , concepts of design, and related systems topics. Finally, the results are hoped to make contribution to the introduction of technology to agro-biography.

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Kao, Chien-Ya, and 高千雅. "Microalgae culture modules for capturing the carbon dioxide in flue gas and livestock biogas to produce microalgal biomass and upgrade biogas." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37052179275223827348.

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博士 國立交通大學 生物科技系所 102 Microalgal cultivation can be used for CO2 and toxic gases mitigation from waste gas and microalgal lipids can be extracted and converted into biodiesel. Accordingly, there are multiple effects such as carbon reduction, waste remediation and biomass production in microalgae cultivation. In this study, using chemical random mutagenesis and domestication, we isolated mutant strains of microalgae Chlorella sp., which were tolerant to flue gas and biogas, respectively. The growth characterization, biomass production, lipid production and lipid composition of Chlorella sp. mutant strains aerated with different kind of gases were investigated. We also established outdoor microalgae-incorporating photobioreactor culture system with a gas cycle-switching operation, which could be continuously used as a CO2 capture model for biogas upgrading or flue gas remediation. In the study of flue gas utilization by microalgal mutant strain, Chlorella sp. MTF-15, aerated with different kind of flue gases from a steel plant, the China Steel Corporation in Taiwan were investigated. There three kind of the flue gases were generated from the coke oven (major components: 23-27% CO2, 80 ppm NOX and 90 ppm SO2), hot stove (24-28% CO2, 10 ppm NOX and 20 ppm SO2) and power plant (22-26% CO2, 30 ppm NOX and 20 ppm SO2). Growth profiles of the microalgal cultures aerated with three different kinds of flue gases were similar and show a higher growth potential at the aeration by 1/4 or 1/2 flue gas dilution ratios than that of with air. The maximum specific growth rate and lipid production of the Chlorella sp. MTF-15 aerated with flue gas from coke oven, hot stove and power plant were 0.827, 0.762 and 0.728 d-1, and 0.668, 0.961 and 0.792 g/L, respectively. The content of C16:0 + C18:1 (the suitable fatty acids for biodiesel production) of the Chlorella sp. MTF-15 cultures aerated with the flue gases was approximately 60-65%. However, C18:1 content of the lipid of Chlorella sp. MTF-15 culture aerated with power plant flue gas was significantly higher than those aerated with coke oven and hot stove flue gases. The optimal CO2 removal efficiency of coke oven, hot stove and power plant flue gas by Chlorella sp. MTF-15 cultures was around 25%, 40% and 50%, respectively. In addition, the NOX and SO2 removal efficiency of coke oven, hot stove and power plant flue gas by Chlorella sp. MTF-15 cultures were approximately 65% and 40% aerated with coke oven flue gas, and > 80% and > 90% aerated with hot stove and power plant flue gases. Those results suggest that growth potential, lipid production and fatty acid composition of the microalgal Chlorella sp. MTF-15 cultures are dependent on the composition of flue gas used and the module operation, at least including flue gas dilution, of the microalgal cultures. In the study of carbon dioxide utilization in livestock biogas, the livestock biogas was produced from anaerobic swine wastewater treatment contains high methane (CH4) but high carbon dioxide (CO2). The presence of high content of CO2, an incombustible gas, in biogas should be mitigated as high calorific value fuel gas. In this study, we isolated a biogas tolerance mutant strain of microalga, Chlorella sp. MB-9. The microalgal mutant strain, Chlorella sp. MB-9, can grow in the presence of gas containing H2S < 100 ppm, and the growth capacity of the microalgal culture aerated with 80% CH4 was approximately 70% of that of the control culture (0% CH4). In the field study of outdoor operation, the maximum growth rates of Chlorella sp. MB-9 aerated with desulfurized biogas (~20% CO2, ~70% CH4 and H2S < 100 ppm) at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 vvm were 0.320, 0.311, 0.275 and 0.251 g/L/d. To upgrade biogas produced from the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater, and outdoor photobioreactor was established. The outdoor microalgae-incorporating photobioreactor culture system with a gas cycle-switching operation could be continuously used as a CO2 capture model for biogas upgrading. Furthermore, our field study demonstrated that the efficiency of CO2 capture from biogas could be maintained at 50% on average, and the CH4 concentration in the effluent biogas from the Chlorella cultures increased from its original 70% up to 85-90%. In summary, our experimental results mentioned above confirm that Chlorella sp. MTF-15 and MB-9 can efficiently and directly utilize the CO2 in different kinds of flue gases or livestock biogas for microalgal growth, then produce biomass and lipid. In addition, the established outdoor photobioreactor system using a gas cycle-switching operation could be used as a continuously CO2 capture model for flue gas bioremediation and biogas upgrading. Those results are confirmed that the microalgae-based CO2 biological fixation is regarded as a potential way to not only reduce CO2 emission but also achieve to produce lipid-rich microalgal biomass as a regenerative energy source.

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Liu, Yu-Ting, and 劉毓婷. "A Study of Creative Teaching on Animal Toys auxiliaryin a Program of Livestock Products &; Hygienics of Comprehensive High School." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42sua4.

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碩士 國立屏東科技大學 技職教育研究所 103 This research aims on integrating creative education concepts into teaching process, with combining “Hermit Crabs” method to design creative animal toys auxiliary. Moreover, to observe the ability of students’ creativity-developing and learning through cooperating is also one important element. This research carried out among 44 students, were divided into 6 groups, of a 2nd year of Livestock Product Health Program in a comprehensive high school locates in Tainan, to discuss animal toys auxiliary. Curriculums went with group discussion and presentation on a monographic topic, twice a week. Traditional “above and under” education foretype will be modified with more guidance from the teacher and attending more field training. We will explore the relationship among the interaction between teacher and student, learning through students’ discussing and cooperating, and the actual testing to animal toys auxiliary. Through creative weekly diary, leaning process observation sheets, achievement performance rating sheets and achievement measurement satisfaction… to evaluate the learning result to students. Accompanied with the research result we found creative education-learning process can do following: 1.Teachers need to use different and unrepeatable objects to arouse students’ creative thinking. 2.Learning to be cooperative through group discussion is important though, to give proper labor division is the key factor to success. 3.“Hermit Crabs” method is able to provide correct instructions timely and to assist in finding correct complement. 4.Finally, using animal toys auxiliary is able to evaluate learning performance and establish a sense of accomplishment among students. Additionally, creative education curriculums improve traditional education pattern; it also increase the richness of curriculums and learning with a cooperative way, moreover, to upgrade self-confidence and to affirm other’s accomplishment.

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周瑞崇. "A study on the marketing channel and impacts of promised downpayment of livestock product imports in Taiwan-U.S. market access agreement." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95800783197035274504.

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Yang, Su-hu, and 楊肅輝. "The Study on Organization Development of the Kinmen Experiment Organization－Case Analysis of Livestock Product Laboratory Organization in Kinmen County Governme." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ujnmv7.

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碩士 銘傳大學 公共事務學系碩士在職專班 96 In the change of ages, organization development is the one way in order to keep the core competence. Due to the development of the nonprofit organization, it becomes a popular topic. The professional persons of the leaving job rate value in Kinmen Experiment Organizations are obviously higher than in Taipei. The reasons are as bellows:1)The Islands are remote districts; 2) The transportation is not very convenient: 3) the salary treatment aspect does not compare with the Taiwan island. The main purpose and suggestions of this research is as bellows: 1. Studies establishment and changed of the Kinmen County experiment organization. 2. Studies establishment and location in the Kinmen County of livestock product laboratory. 3. Discusses Organization Development and Change in the Kinmen County of livestock product laboratory. 4. Discusses organization new design in the Kinmen County experiment organization. The suggestions are as bellows: 1. The Kinmen County experiment organization should promptly adjusts the subordination, according to thorough meetings. 2. The Kinmen County experiment organization should establish, suitably change and pick the development facility design, promotes specialty of quality the personnel. 3. The Kinmen County experiment organization should develop, suitably change the system for building the pattern, and control the personnel specialized quality.

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Huang, Hsiao-Ting, and 黃筱婷. "Research on the Packages of Taiwan''s Livestock Products – A Series of Package Design for Ready-to-Eat Packages of Chinese-Style Sausage." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09391497573845687468.

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碩士 銘傳大學 設計創作研究所碩士班 94 Abstract The consumption of the Chinese-style sausage occupies the major proportion of the total quantity of processing livestock products consumed in Taiwan. With Taiwan’s joining the WTO and hence opening the market in 2002, the original controlled items of livestock products obviously increase. From the aspect of Product-segmentation, the package design serves as the effective tool for modern products, to enhance the product value and to expand domestic and oversea markets. The product package not only explores its function but also necessarily stresses its informative communication. As for the methodology, literature review is employed in this study. The literature review includes: exploring the related theories about package, Chinese-style sausage and consumer behavior; analyzing packing types, materials, informative communication and visual editing elements by collecting present Chinese-style sausage packages to understand the current state of market. Generally speaking, the vacuum package plays the main role of the sausage packages on the market. However, in view of the fact that once the vacuum package opened, the meat decays so easily that it is not convenient to store. Furthermore, its excessive packing capacity has not met the needs of modern living and hence become the core problem that influenced the consumption. According to the informative communication of the package design and the demands of the consumer, the practice about ready-to-eat packages of Chinese-style sausage is applied. This research focused on the students and white-collars whose ages range between 15 and 29 and who often shopped at the convenience stores. They suggested that the ready-to-eat sausages help save cooking time. Consequently, the convenient package types are developed after taking into account the convenience for eating, improving the shortcoming of old capacity, and taking the single use package as its unit. Then we can conclude that new package design has to satisfy consumers’ demands and provide proper products aimed at different consumers and time. Meanwhile, applying the systematized concepts of package benefits the visual unity, strengthens consumer’s corporate identity, and builds the consumer’s trusts as well as the product values.

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SEDLÁKOVÁ, Lucie. "Ekologické zemědělství v ČR (geografické analýzy)." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200806.

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The aim of this thesis is processing ÚZEI data for organic agricultural production in individual regions of the Czech Republic in the form of maps and graphs that provide a basic overview of the territorial deployment of crop and livestock production of organic farming. For crop production are given the following information: sown area in the conversion period and in the full organic mode, organic production and the average yield. Data of livestock in organic farming provide information about the numerical status of the individual categories of livestock. Part of the thesis is also devoted to the realization of crop and livestock organic products on the market in 2012. The thesis is part of the project Gaju 019/2013 / S.

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Mohammed, Mohammed Abdurahman. "Perceptions and management of risk by commercial farmers in Eritrea." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5537.

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A survey of 186 commercial farmers from three Zobas (provinces) of Eritrea was conducted between November 2002 and February 2003 to examine farmers' perceptions of risk, to determine the most important sources of risk affecting farmers' decisions, to identify managerial responses to risks and to identify information use. As part of the main survey, 74 randomly selected commercial dairy farmers were also interviewed to identify factors that affect the purchase of livestock insurance. Findings show that whilst some risks are of concern to most farmers, others are more enterprise or region specific. In general, changes in weather, changes in the labour force, and diseases, pests and weeds were identified as being important sources of risk for most farmers. Factor analysis was used to analyse heterogeneity amongst farmers' perceptions of various risks. Results indicate that programmes designed to assist farmers in Eritrea to manage production and price risks should vary between enterprises and between regions. Policy implications of this research include that the government of Eritrea should disseminate information to clarify agricultural tax and land policies, and its demobilization and rehabilitation programmes. Relaxing foreign exchange rate controls may reduce price risks in agricultural input markets. Increased use of information sources, choice of production system, keeping production records, and diversification of farm enterprises were found to be the main production responses to risk. Important marketing responses included indirect selling (e.g. to the grain board or wholesalers) and use of marketing information, while important financial responses were keeping financial records and investing off-farm. Factor analysis was used to analyse heterogeneity amongst farmers' managerial responses to risk. Results indicate that farmers respond differently to different types of risk attributed to enterprise type. Policy implications of this research include that the government of Eritrea should create a more conducive environment for business, train farmers with appropriate record keeping skills and improve road and communication infrastructure. Results also show that farmers' sources of information vary according to farm type. While poultry and dairy farmers depend largely on information provided by the government, horticulture and crop farmers rely mostly on their own sources of information or non-governmental sources. Policy recommendations include additional and appropriate record-keeping training for farmers, improving the road and communication infrastructure, promoting commercial information providers, and periodically publishing an agricultural magazine by the Ministry of Agriculture in a way that farmers can understand the information. The results of a logit model of the adoption of livestock insurance indicate that formal education of the farmer and the farmer's awareness of livestock insurance increase the probability of insurance adoption, whereas farming experience, poor location and use of alternative risk management strategies, such as off-farm investments and farm enterprise diversification, reduce the probability of livestock insurance adoption. Further insight into the socioeconomic factors influencing farmers' adoption of livestock insurance may assist policy makers and the National Insurance Corporation of Eritrea in their future plans. Results of this study have some policy implications, such as the need for a variable rather than fixed insurance premium, improving the know-how of farmers concerning risk assessment, improving Zobas' infrastructure and a need for a thorough study to be conducted on the demand for agricultural insurance in Eritrea. Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Livestock Producer'

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