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1
Todorov, Tzvetan. "Living Alone Together." New Literary History 27, no. 1 (1996): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.1996.0011.
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Mitchell, Stephen A. ""Living Together Alone or Together": Commentary on Tzvetan Todorov's "Living Alone Together"." New Literary History 27, no. 1 (1996): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.1996.0009.
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Rudrum, David. "Living Alone: Solipsism in Heart of Darkness." Philosophy and Literature 29, no. 2 (2005): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phl.2005.0031.
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Ferguson, Frances. "A Reply to Tzvetan Todorov's "Living Alone Together"." New Literary History 27, no. 1 (1996): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.1996.0007.
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Xiu-Ying, Hu, Cheng Qian, Peng Xiao-Dong, Zhang Xue-Mei, and Huang Chang-Quan. "Living Arrangements and Risk for Late Life Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Published Literature." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 43, no. 1 (January 2012): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.43.1.b.
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Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between living arrangements and risk for depression among older people. Method: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library database was used to identify potential studies. The studies were divided into cross-sectional and longitudinal subsets. Qualitative meta-analysis of the cross-sectional studies and longitudinal studies was performed, respectively. For prevalence and incidence rates of depression, odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated, respectively. Results: The qualitative meta-analysis showed that older people living alone had a higher risk of depression than those not living alone (OR: 1.44; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.04–1.99); Relative risk (RR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.89–1.80) and those living with families (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.60–4.20). Older people living in a nursing home (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 0.94–8.94; RR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.18–3.20) or institutionalized setting (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.37–2.52; RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.12–3.70) had a higher risk of depression than those living in home. Conclusions: Despite the methodological limitations of this meta-analysis, living arrangements appear related to the risk for depression in the older population. Older persons living alone, in a nursing home, or in an institutionalized setting have higher risk for depression.
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Ilgaz, A., and S. Gözüm. "Health promotion interventions for older people living alone: a systematic review." Perspectives in Public Health 139, no. 5 (February 13, 2019): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913918803980.
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Aims: The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify health promotion interventions for older people living alone and to describe the effectiveness of these interventions. Methods: A literature search was conducted using five databases, including CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, and this comprehensive literature search process was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Potentially relevant studies were evaluated and selected by two authors. Studies were assessed based on inclusion criteria. The Standardised Critical Appraisal Tool from Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used to appraise the methodological quality of these studies. Results: Of the 2852 unique studies identified in the systematic search, the full texts of three studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The results showed that the level of physical activity and self-efficacy for physical activity, activities of daily living, food enjoyment, and energy intake increased and leisure engagement decreased with health promotion interventions. Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that interventions to improve health promotion positively affect the health of older people living alone and enhance their quality of life. There is a need for further research involving multidimensional interventions for older people living alone.
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Nakai, Ai, and Tomoko Saitoh. "Food Environmental Accessibility Related to Malnutrition State in Older Adults Living Alone: A Literature Review." Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science 40 (2020): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5630/jans.40.654.
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Ogunyemi, Christopher Babatunde, Niyi Akingbe, and Adebola Abosede Otemuyiwa. "Living Anonymity: Exile as Motif in Lenrie Peters’ He Walks Alone." International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature 2, no. 2 (March 5, 2013): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.2p.204.
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Burston, Daniel. "Conflict and Sociability in Hegel, Freud, and their Followers: Tzvetan Todorov's "Living Alone Together"." New Literary History 27, no. 1 (1996): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nlh.1996.0002.
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Bae, Youngjoon, and Mark Pachucki. "Dimensions of Social Isolation and Weight Loss among Older Men and Women in S. Korea." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3343.
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Abstract Older men who live alone are typically believed to be highly susceptible to malnutrition. However, recent studies report their living alone status is associated with frailty negatively and with Type 2 diabetes positively. Meanwhile, older women who live alone are believed to be less susceptible to malnutrition, but qualitative research point out their high likelihood of malnutrition. There is little literature to explain these paradoxes. To evaluate this gap in understanding of how a metabolic process may be shaped by social context, this study examines whether different aspects of social isolation among older men and women (living alone, social contact, loneliness) are associated with adverse weight loss, as well as with indicators of meal frequency and body weight. For this, a data set comprised of 6,680 older adults from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging surveyed every two years from 2006 to 2018 was analyzed using panel regression models. Among older men, living alone was negatively associated with logged body weight even when considering loneliness but not associated with meal frequency and 5kg or more weight loss. Among older women, living alone was not associated with logged body weight but associated with fewer meals and 5kg or more weight loss. The association disappeared when considering loneliness. Unexpectedly, social contact was not significant to prevent adverse weight loss.
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KNIGHT, DIANA. "‘Except When Night Falls’: Together and Alone in Barthes's Comment vivre ensemble." Paragraph 31, no. 1 (March 2008): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0264833408000060.
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This essay explores the relation between Living-Together (vivre ensemble) and Living-Alone (vivre seul) by analysing the overlap between two figures sketched out in Comment vivre ensemble: Autarky and Enclosure. Barthes's ambivalence towards enclosure and self-sufficiency — ideologically negative, existentially and neurotically positive — is traced backwards through a number of 1950s essays to his 1947 proto-mythology Esquisse d’une société sanatoriale (sketch of a sanatorial society). On the basis of Barthes's analysis there of the excessive socialization that serves to repress the reality of illness and death, I move forward again to his own autobiographical return to the sanatorium (as space and thematics) in Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes, in interviews and — via Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain — in Comment vivre ensemble. Finally, some passages of The Magic Mountain are read through Barthes's figures Enclosure and Cause.
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Yi, Yu Mi, Yeon-Hwan Park, BeLong Cho, Kyung-Choon Lim, Soong-Nang Jang, Sun Ju Chang, Hana Ko, Eun-Young Noh, and So Im Ryu. "Development of a Community-Based Integrated Service Model of Health and Social Care for Older Adults Living Alone." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020825.
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The number of elderly people living alone worldwide is increasing, and the responsibility of the state in this context is emerging. This study aimed to develop a community-based integrated service (CBIS) model of health and social care for older adults living alone. The model was designed based on a literature review of previous community care models and per older adults’ health and daily life needs. Thereafter, feedback on the integrated model was taken from older adults living alone by conducting a survey (n = 1023) and focus group interviews, after which the opinions of the Public type Health Management Promotion Council were considered and content validity was confirmed. The model, comprising eight healthcare services and five social care services, was tested on 22 older adults for two weeks to assess its feasibility and preliminary efficiency. Each service included screening, assessment, providing service, evaluation, and quit. Participants rated their overall satisfaction with the services as 9 out of 10. Care navigators reported feeling comforted and discovered their own sense of being while providing the services. We believe that the CBIS model may foster independence among community-dwelling older adults living alone, thereby improving their quality of life through “aging in place”.
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Krueger, Kurt V. "Personal Consumption by Family Type and Household Income." Journal of Forensic Economics 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/0898-5510-25.2.203.
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Abstract Using Consumer Expenditure Survey data, this paper presents a unified approach in estimating adult personal consumption across five family types: married wage earners living together by themselves, married wage earners living together with their minor children, married retirees living together by themselves, single wage earning parents living together with their minor children, and single wage earners living alone. In addition to advancing the literature with a unified analysis of family traits, this paper uses over 700 microdata expenditure classifications instead of the approximate 30 summary expenditure classifications which have been relied on in other personal consumption studies. Microdata expenditure classification reduces problems of allocating expenses among family members. The paper begins with an overview of the Consumer Expenditure Survey, the federal data source that is most appropriate for estimating personal consumption. Next presented are the allocation rules to separate personal from survivor and household expenditures. The data are then identified followed by empirical estimation.
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MEGGIOLARO, SILVIA, and FAUSTA ONGARO. "Life satisfaction among older people in Italy in a gender approach." Ageing and Society 35, no. 7 (July 3, 2014): 1481–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14000646.
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ABSTRACTOver the last few decades, increasing attention has been paid to the issue of wellbeing among older people, and life satisfaction has been used as an indicator to evaluate older people's life conditions. This paper sheds some light on this topic with reference to Italy, a country characterised by an increasing ageing population. The aim is to examine life satisfaction among people aged 65 and older and its predictors. We adopt a gender approach to examine whether – as suggested by the literature – older men and women have different sources of satisfaction. We test this hypothesis in Italy, a country still characterised by an unbalanced public and private gender system. In doing this, we also control whether living arrangements – specifically living alone – influence the determinants of life satisfaction of older men and women. The data used are from the cross-sectional surveys ‘Aspects of Daily Life’, undertaken in Italy by the National Statistical Institute. The results do not show clear gender differences in the determinants of life satisfaction, with only some slight gender differences among those living alone. This suggests that the social and cultural environment may play a relevant role for older people's life satisfaction.
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Primdahl, Jette, Annette Hegelund, Annette Gøntha Lorenzen, Katrine Loeppenthin, Emma Dures, and Bente Appel Esbensen. "The Experience of people with rheumatoid arthritis living with fatigue: a qualitative metasynthesis." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e024338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024338.
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ObjectivesTo identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies on the experience of living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related fatigue.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative metasynthesis encompassing a systematic literature search in February 2017, for studies published in the past 15 years, in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, SveMed, PsychINFO and Web of Science. To be included, the studies had to report the experience of living with fatigue among adults with RA. The analysis and synthesis followed Malterud’s systematic text condensation.ResultsEight qualitative articles were included, based on 212 people with RA (69% women) and aged between 20 and 83 years old. The synthesis resulted in the overall theme ‘A vicious circle of an unpredictable symptom’. In addition, the synthesis derived four subthemes: ‘being alone with fatigue’; ‘time as a challenge’; ‘language as a tool for increased understanding’ and ‘strategies to manage fatigue’. Fatigue affects all areas of everyday life for people with RA. They strive to plan and prioritise, pace, relax and rest. Furthermore, they try to make use of a variety of words and metaphors to explain to other people that they experience that RA-related fatigue is different from normal tiredness. Despite this, people with RA-related fatigue experience feeling alone with their symptom and they develop their own strategies to manage fatigue in their everyday life.ConclusionsThe unpredictability of RA-related fatigue is dominant, pervasive and is experienced as a vicious circle, which can be described in relation to its physical, cognitive, emotional and social impact. It is important for health professionals to acknowledge and address the impact of fatigue on the patients’ everyday lives. Support from health professionals to manage fatigue and develop strategies to increase physical activity and maintain work is important for people with RA-related fatigue.
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Craig, Lyn, Abigail Powell, and Judith E. Brown. "Gender patterns in domestic labour among young adults in different living arrangements in Australia." Journal of Sociology 52, no. 4 (July 10, 2016): 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783315593181.
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Most research on gender divisions of housework focuses on couple and family households. This article extends this literature to examine gender differences in domestic labour across living arrangements, with particular focus on young adults. Using time-diary data from the nationally representative Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Time Use Survey (2006) it examines the amount and composition of domestic work performed by 20–34-year-olds ( n = 889) living with parents, in a share household, alone, or in a couple, differentiating between routine and non-routine housework tasks, and between housework done for oneself only or for the household. It finds gender differences are strongest in couple households, but pertain across living arrangements, including share houses. Also, women’s domestic labour varies more by household characteristics than men’s. However, there is some evidence of non-conformity to gender stereotypes, with young men living in couple relationships contributing more time on activities for the household than young men in other households.
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Corona, Rosalie, Efren Velazquez, Shelby E. McDonald, Melissa Avila, Molly Neff, Adam Iglesias, and Raquel Halfond. "Ethnic labels, pride, and challenges: A qualitative study of Latinx youth living in a new Latinx destination community." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/67.
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Most of the literature on Latinx youths’ ethnic identity development has been conducted in communities with a large Latinx population. Fewer studies have examined Latinx youths’ ethnic identity in communities with a smaller yet rapidly growing Latinx population (i.e., new Latinx destination communities). Twenty-five Latinx youth (10-15 years)living in a new Latinx destination community participated in semi-structured interviews to identify the ethnic labels they use to describe themselves (i.e., ethnic-identity self-identification) and explore their feelings about being Latinx (i.e., ethnic-identity affirmation). Using an existing coding scheme, we found that most immigrant youth used a national origin label alone, while U.S.-born youth used a pan-ethnic term alone or in combination with an American term. Results of the thematic analysis exploring youths’ ethnic identity affirmation indicated three themes among youths’ account of their ethnic affirmation: (a) pride; (b) communication difficulties; and (c) discrimination. Study findings have implications for examining Latinx youth ethnic identity development in new destination communities.
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Ette, Ottmar. "Welterleben/Weiterleben." Daphnis 45, no. 3-4 (July 18, 2017): 343–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04503002.
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Welterleben and Weiterleben are what determine the second globalization (of four previously explored) whose constantly accelerating dynamic, vectorization, this essay explores. On the basis of selected writings of Georg Forster, Alexander von Humboldt, and Adelbert von Chamisso, the author highlights the increasing speed with which knowledge, especially in the experiential sciences, is produced and disseminated following the routes of ever-widening trade speeded along by globalization. The notion of ‘vectopia’ stands for the connection of utopia and uchronia in space and time in such a way that the experience of the world, expanded worldwide, contains within it a Weiter-Leben, a ‘living-further’ that is to be understood first in a spatial, and not yet temporal, sense, of what Forster called Erfahrungswissen, or ‘experiential knowledge.’ Vectopia, as elaborated here, has a material dimension that relates to the physical person, the body, the experience of the world that cannot occur without the constant changing of place, without a journeying that is again and again recommenced. Vectopia develops the projection of a life not from space or from time alone, but by their combination. Vectopia is more than a concept, it is a thought-figure: it is vitally connected to life, and thus a life-figure. It opens itself to a type of knowledge that stands almost at the threshold of a further life, indeed, of a Weiterleben that, opening itself to a ‘living-onward,’ resides beyond space, time, and movement.
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GONDIM, ANNE ISABELLEY, RAFAEL BENDAYAN DE MOURA, and MARTIN LINDSEY CHRISTOFFERSEN. "Catalogue of living crinoids (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) from Brazil." Zootaxa 4995, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4995.1.2.
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Knowledge of living crinoids from Brazil is chiefly restricted to the contributions of Dr Luis Roberto Tommasi between the decades of 1950 and 1970. Herein we present an updated catalogue of the crinoids occurring along the Brazilian coast, including data on synonyms, type localities, type material, geographical distribution, bathymetric ranges, and occurrences of species along the coast. The data is based on an extensive revision of the literature and on a survey of several databases. A total of 20 species were catalogued, of which two are endemic (Phrixometra longipinna var. brasiliensis and Thaumatometra minutissima). According to information from the literature, P. longipinna var. brasiliensis represents an undescribed taxon. Although Brazil supports the greatest number of crinoid species in the Southwestern Atlantic, its crinoid fauna remains understudied and likely underestimated. Research on crinoids remains a subject of great potential, not only for taxonomy but also for other areas of knowledge.
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Burcar, Lilijana. "Social Ills of (Global) Capitalism under Scrutiny in American Literature Classes: "Teaching to Transgress"." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 14, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.14.1.25-38.
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The article foregrounds the importance of honing critical literacy through socially engaged literature. Dealing with literature in an engaged and critical way can help students to develop critical thinking skills and a systemic understanding of burning social issues that inform their own living realities. Critical literary pedagogy and socially engaged literature play a key role in developing students’ understanding of why and how institutional racism and institutional patriarchy constitute key operating mechanisms of capitalist social relations, which is why constructs of race and gender should never be looked upon as mere add-ons, let alone as a matter of mere culture and hence individual prejudice. In this sense, the article directly challenges the prevailing postmodernist approach in mainstream studies and teachings of literature. It calls instead for the restoration of socially engaged literature to school curricula and for a return to the contextually analytical and systemic (materialist) approach towards literature.
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Yashkina, Daria. "A sociological perspective on the phenomenon of solo-living in Eastern Europe: An attempt at conceptualization." Eastern Review 9 (December 30, 2020): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.09.11.
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This article examines the phenomenon of solitary living as a consequence of the processes of individualization that are characteristic of the entire modern world. The urgency of this problem arises from the increase in the number of individuals who prefer to live alone. Although this trend is typical for Eastern Europe, as it is for the rest of the world, it is not widely considered in scientific circles. Whilst analyzing scientific literature in different spheres (philosophy, economics, psychology, sociology) and statistical data on solitary living, the author has come to the conclusion that to describe the phenomenon in a sociological vein, it is most appropriate to consider solitary living as a “solo-living” lifestyle. The article also examines the main studies of solitary living in Eastern Europe, and through such work, it was concluded that there is not enough research: current research mainly considers single living among the older generation, despite the fact that the number of young people who prefer this lifestyle continues to grow. In the course of the study, the author was faced with the problem of layering related concepts: solos, singles, solo-living, single-person households, and others. To avoid this problem, the author distinguishes between these concepts and makes an attempt to conceptualize the concept of “solo-living”, offers the author’s definition, and outlines further research prospects.
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Hennings, Jean, and Katherine Froggatt. "The experiences of family caregivers of people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes, with a specific focus on spouses: A narrative literature review." Dementia 18, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 303–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301216671418.
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Dementia affects individuals, families and their relationships. While there is increasing evidence about the experiences of family caregivers of people with dementia, relatively little is known of their experiences when their relatives are living in nursing homes with dementia. This narrative literature review aimed to synthesise current knowledge about family caregivers’ experience of having relatives living in nursing homes with advanced dementia, particularly focussing on community-dwelling spouses. Using a systematic approach, textual narrative synthesis was undertaken. Four themes were identified: changing relationships, the need for companionship, adjusting to new roles and relationships and anticipating death/looking towards the future. Two additional themes were present only for spouses: changing identity – feeling married, being married; and alone but… The review demonstrates that some aspects of spouses’ experiences are different from those of other family caregivers. Longitudinal studies are required to better understand spouses’ motivations to continue caring in this context and to find ways of supporting them.
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Thorstensen, Erik. "Responsibility for Assisted Living Technologies." Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, no. 1 (May 10, 2019): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v13i1.2525.
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The approach to innovations known as Responsible research and innovation (RRI) aims to move the innovation system towards creating products that strive to realize social values along with economic benefits. This paper discusses the systematic assessment of assistive technologies in order for them to meet the aims expressed in RRI. A central issue in the discussion is how to facilitate an integration of insights from the discourse on RRI with more established assessment approaches such as Health Technology Assessment (HTA). Based on the literature on existing socio-ethical assessment tools, I investigate how these tools can be combined with HTA and how they can add perspectives from RRI that might increase the socio-ethical value of assistive technologies. Through a discussion on how to understand RRI, HTA, assessment and integration, I suggest a list of four possible approaches that have the potential to be applied as assessment approaches that integrate insights from RRI and HTA. These are then evaluated on their ability to address issues that have emerged from a literature review on RRI and assistive technologies, on empirical studies in this technology field and on their product focus. In conclusion, I argue that the Ethical Impact Assessment, the Socratic approach, the Ethical Matrix, and the HTA Core Model seem to be the most promising methodologies, but that these need adjustments to cover substantive themes from RRI.
Keywords: energy scenarios, justice, future generations, capabilities approach
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Thornicroft, Graham. "Social Deprivation and Rates of Treated Mental Disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 4 (April 1991): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.4.475.
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A review of the literature shows that there are strong associations of treated prevalence rates of psychiatric disorder with social class, sex, marital status, ethnic group and living alone; and moderate associations with living in inner-city areas and a high degree of residential mobility. The Jarman-8 index of social deprivation correlates with psychiatric admission rates for patients aged less than 65 years (R2–0.38). Individual census variables can themselves account for up to 0.71 of the variance in the admission rates, while combined in a stepwise multiple regression the census variables will account for over 0.95 of this variation. Multiple regression models using individual census variables and derived indices should be applied next on a wider geographical basis, and to narrower age, sex and diagnosis-specific psychiatric morbidity rates.
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Bacsu, Juanita-Dawne R., Megan E. O’Connell, Claire Webster, Lisa Poole, Mary Beth Wighton, and Saskia Sivananthan. "A scoping review of COVID-19 experiences of people living with dementia." Canadian Journal of Public Health 112, no. 3 (April 6, 2021): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00500-z.
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Abstract Objectives Compared with the general population, people living with dementia have been unequivocally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the COVID-19 impact on people with dementia and their care partners. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize the existing literature on the COVID-19 experiences of people with dementia and their care partners. Methods Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, we searched five electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science) and an online search engine (Google Scholar). Inclusion criteria consisted of English-language articles focusing on the COVID-19 experiences of people with dementia and their care partners. Synthesis Twenty-one articles met our inclusion criteria: six letters to the editor, seven commentaries, and eight original research studies. In the literature, five main themes were identified: (i) care partner fatigue and burnout; (ii) lack of access to services and supports; (iii) worsening neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive function; (iv) coping with COVID-19; and (v) the need for more evidence-informed research. Factors such as living alone, having advanced dementia, and the length of confinement were found to exacerbate the impact of COVID-19. Conclusion Urgent action is needed to support people living with dementia and their care partners in the pandemic. With little access to supports and services, people with dementia and their care partners are currently at a point of crisis. Collaboration and more evidence-informed research are critical to reducing mortality and supporting people with dementia during the pandemic.
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Kim, Sun-Mi, and Sukhee Ahn. "Development and application of a self-transcendence enhancement program for the well-being of elderly women living alone in Korea." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2021.06.07.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-transcendence enhancement program and examine its effect on self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and psychological well-being in elderly women who lived alone. Methods: A self-transcendence enhancement program was developed through theory, literature review, and in-depth interviews. The theoretical framework came from the Psychoeducational Approach to Transcendence and Health intervention model based on Reed’s mid-range theory of self-transcendence. The program consisted of multiple modalities in a structured, theory-based program lasting for eight weekly sessions. Using a single-group pretest-posttest design, the program was tested on a group of 40 elderly women aged 75 to 84 years who lived alone in Daejeon, South Korea. Participants completed self-reported study questionnaires before and after the program at the elderly welfare center. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, with significance level set at .05. Paired t-test was used to compare mean differences before and after the program. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 79.1 years. After completing the program, the participants showed higher levels of self-transcendence (t=8.78, p<.001), overall spiritual well-being (t=8.30, p=.002), religious spiritual well-being (t=1.79, p=.040), existential spiritual well-being (t=6.75, p=.002), and positive affect (t=3.77, p=.001) than they did before the program. They also reported lower levels of depression (t=–7.59, p<.001) and negative affect (t=–6.15, p<.001). Conclusion: The self-transcendence enhancement program developed in this study may be effective for improving the level of self-transcendence in elderly women living alone and helping them to attain spiritual and psychological well-being.
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Morina, Nexhmedin, Ahlke Kip, Thole Hilko Hoppen, Stefan Priebe, and Thomas Meyer. "Potential impact of physical distancing on physical and mental health: a rapid narrative umbrella review of meta-analyses on the link between social connection and health." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e042335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042335.
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BackgroundThe imperative for physical distancing (mostly referred to as social distancing) during COVID-19 pandemic may deteriorate physical and mental health. We aimed at summarising the strength of evidence in the published literature on the association of physical and mental health with social connection via social isolation, living alone and loneliness.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in April 2020 to identify meta-analyses using the Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included terms of social isolation, loneliness, living alone and meta-analysis. Eligible meta-analyses needed to report any sort of association between an indicator of social connection and any physical or mental health outcome. The findings were summarised in a narrative synthesis.ResultsTwenty-five meta-analyses met our criteria, of which 10 focused on physical health and 15 on mental health outcomes. The results suggest that lack of social connection is associated with chronic physical symptoms, frailty, coronary heart disease, malnutrition, hospital readmission, reduced vaccine uptake, early mortality, depression, social anxiety, psychosis, cognitive impairment in later life and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThe existing evidence clearly indicates that social connection is associated with a range of poor physical and mental health outcomes. A potential negative impact on these outcomes needs to be considered in future decisions on physical distancing measures.
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Stokhof, Malte, and Oscar Salemink. "State Classification and Its Discontents: The Struggle Over Bawean Ethnic Identity in Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 4, no. 2 (2009): 154–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2009.4.2.154.
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This paper presents a group of Muslim descendants of Bawean people living in Hồ Chí Minh City who formalized their citizenship status and as a consequence their official ethnic identity. Much current scholarly literature presents state classification as a state's hegemonic instrument, as an instrument of state power alone. This case study balances the widespread view of the contemporary Vietnamese state as classifying the "motley crowds" within its boundaries, showing that the state leaves room for "indiscipline." Rather than denying their agency in terms of ethnic identification, sympathetic local officials helped these people of Bawean origin to "classify back."
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BLUM, MATTHIAS, and MATTHIAS STREBEL. "Max Weber and the First World War: Protestant and Catholic living standards in Germany, 1915–1919." Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 3 (February 17, 2016): 699–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137415000533.
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AbstractWe assess informal institutions of Protestants and Catholics by investigating their economic resilience in a natural experiment. The First World War constitutes an exogenous shock to living standards since the duration and intensity of the war exceeded all expectations. We assess the ability of Protestant and Catholic communities to cope with increasing food prices and wartime black markets. Literature based on Weber (1904, 1905) suggests that Protestants must be more resilient than their Catholic peers. Using individual height data on some 2,800 Germans to assess levels of malnutrition during the war, we find that living standards for both Protestants and Catholics declined; however, the decrease of Catholics’ height was disproportionately large. Our empirical analysis finds a large statistically significant difference between Protestants and Catholics for the 1915–19 birth cohort, and we argue that this height gap cannot be attributed to socioeconomic background and fertility alone.
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Trivedi, Daksha P., Andreas Braun, Angela Dickinson, Heather Gage, Laura Hamilton, Claire Goodman, Kunle Ashaye, Steve Iliffe, and Jill Manthorpe. "Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 1. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions." Dementia 18, no. 7-8 (March 20, 2018): 2925–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301218762851.
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Background Two-thirds of people living with dementia live at home in the UK and many experience distressing behavioural and psychological symptoms. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms among community-dwelling people living with dementia. Methods This two-stage review undertook an initial mapping of the literature followed by a systematic review of relevant randomised controlled trials. We searched electronic databases for pertinent studies reporting outcomes from interventions from January 2000 to March 2015 and updated searches in October 2016. We included studies that considered behavioural and psychological symptom management for older people living with dementia who live at home and excluded studies conducted in long-term care settings. This paper presents findings from a narrative synthesis of 48 randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions for people living with dementia alone, family carers alone and patient-carer dyads. Results We retrieved 17,871 de-duplicated records and screened them for potential inclusion. Evidence from 48 randomised controlled trials suggests that family carer training and educational programmes that target problem behaviours and potential triggers can improve outcomes. Nurses and occupational therapists appear to help people with dementia with behavioural and psychological symptoms, but professional comparisons are lacking and there is no shared language about or understanding of behavioural and psychological symptoms amongst professionals, or between professionals and family carers. Conclusions Future research should focus on the effectiveness of components of multi-faceted programmes and their cost effectiveness and include qualitative data to better target interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms. It is important to consider family carer readiness to use non-pharmacological strategies and to develop a shared language about the inherent needs and communications of behavioural and psychological symptoms.
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Prica, Anca, Kelvin KW Chan, and Matthew Cheung. "Combined Modality Therapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone As an Induction Regimen for Primary CNS Lymphoma: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.969.969.
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Abstract Abstract 969 Background: Induction therapy for non-HIV, primary CNS lymphoma is centered on high-dose methotrexate (MTX) as the most effective chemotherapeutic agent. Combined modality therapy (CMT) using high-dose MTX and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has improved response rates compared to chemotherapy alone. The trade-off is a significant risk of delayed, treatment-related neurotoxicity (NT), leading to significant morbidity and mortality. This risk of NT is greater in patients over the age of 60. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the two strategies and stratified the analysis by age. Our analyses compared quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALY) and incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) with these two strategies. Methods: We developed a Markov decision-analytic model to compare CMT versus chemotherapy alone for a hypothetical cohort of 60 year old patients newly-diagnosed with primary CNS lymphoma. We age-stratified the model to evaluate cohorts of patients <60 and >60 years of age. The model simulates the clinical course of patients over a 5 year time horizon, with the end-points of QALY and ICER. The baseline probabilities used in the model were derived from a systematic review of published studies. Key variables included response, relapse and survival rates with CMT vs. chemotherapy alone, risk of developing NT with each strategy, including severe NT, and the estimated survival once NT develops. The model incorporated data on health state utilities, which were derived from a survey of expert physicians who treat patients with primary CNS lymphoma. Direct and lost productivity costs were collected from a Canadian perspective. Resource utilization was based on guidelines, literature and expert opinion. Cost information was obtained from hospital, provincial and national costing sources, as well as the literature, and presented in 2011 Canadian dollars. Both costs and effects were discounted at 5%. All patients who received chemotherapy alone as induction therapy were assumed to have received salvage radiotherapy upon relapse. The utility of having active disease was assumed to dominate any ill effects from neurotoxicity. The cost of living with neurotoxicity was assumed to be similar to living with Alzheimer's dementia of comparable severity. Sensitivity analyses were performed for key variables. Results: The quality-adjusted life expectancy was 1.55 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for CMT and 1.53 QALYs for chemotherapy alone. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the base case CMT vs. chemotherapy alone was $491,522 per life year gained (LYG). In younger patients <60 years of age, CMT yielded a quality-adjusted life expectancy of 2.44 QALYs, compared to 1.89 QALYs for chemotherapy alone, yielding an expected benefit with CMT of 0.55 QALYs or 6.6 quality-adjusted months. The CMT strategy dominates in younger patients as it is $11,951 less expensive than chemotherapy alone. There was no difference in QALYs between the strategies in the older group. The chemotherapy alone strategy dominates in older patients as it is $11,244 less expensive than CMT. The model was robust to key variables for the younger group. For younger patients, there were no threshold values for cost of CMT, cost of managing severe NT when in CR, and cost of palliation, which would potentially lead to chemotherapy alone being favoured. As well, the model was robust to the plausible ranges in probability of developing NT (base probability: 0.18 at 1yr). It favoured treating younger patients with CMT unless the rate of neurotoxicity was more than 89% at 1yr, a rate not encountered in the published literature. Similarly, for older patients, there were no threshold values for the costs above which lead to CMT being favoured. Conclusion: The preferred induction strategy for younger patients with primary CNS lymphoma appears to be CMT. This strategy minimizes cost, while maximizing life expectancy, and quality adjusted life years. This analysis confirms that the preferred strategy for older patients is chemotherapy alone. The model was robust in sensitivity analyses of key variables tested through the plausible ranges obtained from costing sources and the published literature. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kubíčková, Lea, Vladimír Hajko, Martina Rašticová, and Naďa Hazuchová. "Active Work Participation of the Czech Elderly." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 5 (2018): 1287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866051287.
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Majority of developed countries exhibit changing transition towards older population structure. This explains why nowadays, the so–called active ageing – a policy focus to help people remain in charge of their own lives as they age and to promote their continuing contribution to the economy and society – is so frequently discussed. In the context of active ageing, active work participation of elderly is one of the prospective policy objectives, along with the identification of the motives of elderly to stay on the job market. Existing literature indicates that a large number of factors influence this decision, including income and living conditions, whether the person lives alone or not, health condition, social contacts, place of residence, but also varied interventions based on local or national government policies. Empirical results however remain scarce. This article provides insights into what influences the decision of the elderly to remain on the job market in the Czech Republic.
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Lofthouse-Jones, Chloe, Helen Pocock, Phil King, Patryk Jadzinski, Ed England, Sarah Taylor, Julian Cavalier, and Carole Fogg. "PP12 An evaluation of the role of SCAS in the attendance to call-outs and the transport to hospital of older people with dementia." Emergency Medicine Journal 36, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): e6.2-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-999abs.12.
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BackgroundOur previous work has shown that 35% of ambulance attendances by SCAS are to people aged 75 and over; 17% of these have dementia. The research literature suggests that older people with cognitive impairment/dementia experience longer stays, or die, in hospital. It is unclear whether factors such as call time or availability of social care impact conveyance rates. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of out-of-hours call-outs and social care provision on ambulance conveyance rates for people aged ≥75 years, including patients with dementia.MethodsFor this service evaluation, electronic records for patients aged ≥75 years attended by SCAS were extracted over one year. The proportion of conveyed patients according to a dementia record, out-of-hours call, time of year, triage grade, social care provision and indices of deprivation were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors which may influence conveyance.ResultsA total of 111,548 electronic records were included, 16.5% with dementia. 63.7% of calls resulted in conveyance (59.1% with dementia). Conveyances reduced in out-of-hours periods for all patients. 13.6% more patients living alone and 16.5% more patients living with family were conveyed to hospital if there was no care package in place. Adjusted for other factors, having a care package reduced the risk of conveyance in older people living alone by 36% (Odds ratio 0.64, 95% Confidence interval 0.62–0.67).ConclusionsAvailability of social care and time of call appear to be important determinants of conveyance in older people, both in those with and without dementia. More research is needed to improve needs assessments and local referral services and pathways.
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Hendrawan, Christianto, and Yohanes Basuki Dwisusanto. "Active Concept in Pedestrian Design." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v2i1.38.
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In recent times, there’s an active living design trend in cities around the world, giving chances for people to actively move inside the city, making city healthier. Active Living can occur within pedestrian way along shopping street corridor which has potential to move shoppers from one store to another through walking. Pedestrian way along shop corridor are potentially attractive for people move around inside the city. The purpose of this study is to give us information about how far active living concept has been implemented within L. L. R. E. Martadinata street. The information and analysis can be use for further development in pedestrian way design. Our study conducted through analyzing existing active design problems along with literature studies about active living in design.
Within the study, we conclude that L. L. R. E. Martadinata Street hasn’t quite well providing active living movement for shopping street pedestrian way. Pedestrian way has become uncomfortable, for people to walk from store to store within street corridor. There’s a missing value about active living, where people rather use automobile than actively moving along street corridor.
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Zelenitsky, Darla K., and Sean P. Modesto. "New information on the eggshell of ratites (Aves) and its phylogenetic implications." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-076.
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A reappraisal of the eggshell of ratites clarifies aspects of its microstructure and ultrastructure. The phylogenetic usefulness of the eggshell data, consisting of discrete characters, is assessed using eggshell characters alone and by adding the eggshell characters to a data matrix from the literature based on skeletal characters. The resultant tree from the eggshell data alone yields Apteryx as the most basal ratite, dinornithids as the sister taxon of a clade of large living ratites, with Casuarius and Dromaius in a sister-group relationship. The combined eggshell and skeletal analysis revealed most groupings within Ratitae that were based on previous cladistic analysis of the skeletal characters alone, but also supports two equally parsimonious topologies: one identifies Dinornithidae and Apteryx as a clade at the base of Ratitae, and the other identifies Apteryx as the sister taxon of a clade consisting of all the other ratites. It is determined that the characteristics used to define the improperly named "ratite morphotype" in the current eggshell parataxonomy are not synapomorphies of the eggshell of Ratitae. An expanded cladistic analysis of the eggshells of avian and non-avian theropods is required to determine the phylogenetic usefulness of the characteristics of the ratite morphotype.
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Freire, Roberta de Miranda Henriques, and Nivaldo Carneiro Junior. "Scientific production on housing for autonomous elderly persons: an integrative literature review." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 20, no. 5 (October 2017): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.170065.
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Abstract Objective: To analyze Brazilian scientific production on housing for autonomous elderly persons. Method: A descriptive, analytical integrative review type study was carried out. The following guiding question was defined: what is the Brazilian scientific production relating to housing for autonomous elderly persons in indexed on-line periodicals from 2000 to 2015? Results: Thirty-three articles were identified in total, of which only 13 met the inclusion criterion. Using the Content Analysis technique, the following categories were formed: Modalities of housing for the elderly; Public housing policies for the elderly and Housing and quality of life. Conclusion: Most of the studies discussed types of housing for the elderly, falling into the category "Modalities of housing for the elderly", and identifying a tendency towards one-person dwellings. In relation to the category "Public housing policies for the elderly", the articles reflected on the rights and the guarantees of the elderly in relation to a suitable home. The "Housing and quality of life" category aimed to compare the quality of life of elderly people living alone or with a partner, as well as their perception of exclusive condominium developments for this population. There is a need for research on the issue in question, since there is an increase in the number of elderly people without housing, making it necessary for the state to meet this demand.
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Nazari-Sharabian, Mohammad, Mohammad Aghababaei, Moses Karakouzian, and Mehrdad Karami. "Water on Mars—A Literature Review." Galaxies 8, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies8020040.
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To assess Mars’ potential for both harboring life and providing useable resources for future human exploration, it is of paramount importance to comprehend the water situation on the planet. Therefore, studies have been conducted to determine any evidence of past or present water existence on Mars. While the presence of abundant water on Mars very early in its history is widely accepted, on its modern form, only a fraction of this water can be found, as either ice or locked into the structure of Mars’ plentiful water-rich materials. Water on the planet is evaluated through various evidence such as rocks and minerals, Martian achondrites, low volume transient briny outflows (e.g., dune flows, reactivated gullies, slope streaks, etc.), diurnal shallow soil moisture (e.g., measurements by Curiosity and Phoenix Lander), geomorphic representation (possibly from lakes and river valleys), and groundwater, along with further evidence obtained by probe and rover discoveries. One of the most significant lines of evidence is for an ancient streambed in Gale Crater, implying ancient amounts of “vigorous” water on Mars. Long ago, hospitable conditions for microbial life existed on the surface of Mars, as it was likely periodically wet. However, its current dry surface makes it almost impossible as an appropriate environment for living organisms; therefore, scientists have recognized the planet’s subsurface environments as the best potential locations for exploring life on Mars. As a result, modern research has aimed towards discovering underground water, leading to the discovery of a large amount of underground ice in 2016 by NASA, and a subglacial lake in 2018 by Italian scientists. Nevertheless, the presence of life in Mars’ history is still an open question. In this unifying context, the current review summarizes results from a wide variety of studies and reports related to the history of water on Mars, as well as any related discussions on the possibility of living organism existence on the planet.
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Juanamasta, I. Gede, Nursalam Nursalam, Ferry Efendi, and Rio Ady Erwansyah. "Stigma of People Living with HIV/AIDS." NurseLine Journal 4, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v4i2.12107.
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People living with HIV have many complex problems in their lives. Internal problems concern bio-psycho-socio-spiritual, while external problems concern the views and attitudes of others towards themselves. Negative views from other people formed long ago will give a bad stigma to people with HIV. The stigma of society has a great influence, not only affecting citizens but also health workers. This study aims to review the results of research related to stigma inherent in the community, especially nurses to people with HIV. The researcher sought the results of other studies through several databases including ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, Springer link and Elsevier. Keywords to search literature include "stigma", "nurse" and "people with HIV". The results obtained were as many as 14 journals. Many studies have been carried out for prevention, treatment, and support for people with HIV / AIDS. But along with advances in the field of health need to continue to do problems related to people with HIV / AIDS.
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Chiluba, Brian. "Kidney Disease for People Living with HIVin Sub-Saharan Africa; A Systematic Review." Journal of Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21617/jprm2021.323.
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People living with HIV have been known to have a higher risk and threat of kidney disease. Globally, the prevalence of kidney disease for PLWH is postulated to be 6.4%. This prevalence is different for many different parts of the world, with 7.9% in Africa, 7.1% in North America, 5.7% in Asia and 3.7% in Europe. This systematic review set out to review and collect evidence from literature source and to provide a summary about factors influencing kidney disease for PLWH in Africa. We hypothesized that TDF containing ART is significantly associated with kidney disease. A systematic review and search of data was performed and all articles included were English articles from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase. We carried out the selection of titles in three distinct phases: titles alone, abstracts, and then full text articles. 7 papers were included. While TDF was included in the ART regimens in all the studies, there was wide variation in ART combinations and concurrent medications and durations thereof.All studies except one included only adult patients of both men and women. Majority of the studies highlighted kidney disease and mostly these were hospital-based data. the findings establish a significant association between kidney disease and TDF use, but in terms of the clinical significance and weighting the risks against the benefits, we cannot discourage the continual use of the drug.
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Reiners, Fabienne, Janienke Sturm, Lisette J. W. Bouw, and Eveline J. M. Wouters. "Sociodemographic Factors Influencing the Use of eHealth in People with Chronic Diseases." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040645.
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Alongside the growing number of older persons, the prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing, leading to higher pressure on health care services. eHealth is considered a solution for better and more efficient health care. However, not every patient is able to use eHealth, for several reasons. This study aims to provide an overview of: (1) sociodemographic factors that influence the use of eHealth; and (2) suggest directions for interventions that will improve the use of eHealth in patients with chronic disease. A structured literature review of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library (ACMDL), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was conducted using four sets of keywords: “chronic disease”, “eHealth”, “factors”, and “suggested interventions”. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method studies were included. Four researchers each assessed quality and extracted data. Twenty-two out of 1639 articles were included. Higher age and lower income, lower education, living alone, and living in rural areas were found to be associated with lower eHealth use. Ethnicity revealed mixed outcomes. Suggested solutions were personalized support, social support, use of different types of Internet devices to deliver eHealth, and involvement of patients in the development of eHealth interventions. It is concluded that eHealth is least used by persons who need it most. Tailored delivery of eHealth is recommended.
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Dispenza, Franco, Thomas M. Murphy, and Melissa Zeligman. "Career Development of Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV." Journal of Career Development 45, no. 5 (May 22, 2017): 458–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845317710768.
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HIV is a diagnosis that disproportionally affects sexual minority (e.g., gay, bisexual, and queer) men living in the United States. Expansive treatment options have allowed those living with HIV to live longer life spans, indicating that sexual minority men living with HIV are remaining engaged in the workforce longer. Yet, there remains a dearth of literature exploring the career trajectories of this specific population. This qualitative study aimed to understand what factors keep sexual minority men ( N = 10) living with HIV actively engaged in the workforce. Through in-depth individual interviews, a central category of psychosocial motility was constructed. Three subsequent categories were also constructed: affirmative support systems, intrinsic and extrinsic incentives, and intrapersonal endowments. Findings are discussed, along with implications for practice, limitations, and future research.
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Pazhuhan, Musa, Saeed Zanganeh Shahraki, Niloofar Kaveerad, Sirio Cividino, Matteo Clemente, and Luca Salvati. "Factors Underlying Life Quality in Urban Contexts: Evidence from an Industrial City (Arak, Iran)." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 14, 2020): 2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062274.
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Cities play a vital role in local development providing a high education level, specialized jobs and advanced services. When assessing living conditions and wellbeing in cities, economic indicators alone are generally unable to evaluate the inherent complexity of the ‘quality of life’ issue in urban environments. With rapid urbanization, shortage of infrastructures and services emerged in metropolitan regions of developing countries, leading to disadvantaged settlements, urban poverty, lower citizens’ satisfaction, and an overall decline in life quality. Based on these premises, the present study illustrates a subjective investigation of life quality in an emerging economy such as Iran, focusing on Arak, the fourth largest industrial pole of the country. Based on a literature review on quality of life in industrial cities of emerging economies, subjective indicators of citizens’ satisfaction on living quality in Arak were identified and quantified using empirical results from a field survey. Results of our study show that the overall satisfaction for living quality in Arak is rather low, reaching the lowest rank in the issues of environmental sanitation and public transportation. Lack of investments in urban infrastructure justifies the low citizens’ perception of life quality in Arak city. The paper concludes outlining the urgent need of homogeneous and comparable macro- and micro-data on multiple aspects of quality of life at both city-level and metropolitan-level in emerging economies.
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Malhotra, Rahul, Pildoo Sung, and Angelique W. M. Chan. "Social Network Types and Health Among Older Singaporeans." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1311.
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Abstract Little is known about the heterogeneity and dynamics in older adults’ social networks and their bidirectional relationship with health in Asian societies. We investigate (1) social network types, (2) how network types predict health, and (3) whether health influences network types over time among older Singaporeans. We use data from Transitions in Health, Employment, Social engagement and Inter-Generational transfers in Singapore Study (THE SIGNS Study), a national longitudinal survey, collected in 2016-2017 (wave 1) and 2019 (wave 2). Latent class analysis is applied to identify distinct social network types and how they affect self-rated health after two years. Latent transition analysis is then employed to examine the pattern of change in network types between waves, and the relationship between baseline self-rated health and transition in network types. We identify six social network types: diverse, diverse but less socially engaged, immediate family, extended family, living alone yet diverse, and restricted (proportion at baseline: 7.2 %, 38.2 %, 14.1 %, 27.1 %, 7.0 %, and 6.4 %, respectively). Older adults in the ‘living alone yet diverse’ network type are less likely to report poor self-rated health after two years than those in the restricted and extended family network types. Additionally, we find that good health is related to more diversified network types—‘diverse’ and ‘diverse but less socially engaged’—at baseline, and network types are relatively stable over two years. These findings contribute to the literature by capturing complexities in the reciprocal relationship between social network types and health in later life.
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Stephenson, Roger H. "“Binary Synthesis”: Goethe's Aesthetic Intuition in Literature and Science." Science in Context 18, no. 4 (December 2005): 553–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889705000669.
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ArgumentThis essay seeks to identify the cultural significance of Goethe's scientific writings. He reformulates, in the light of his own concrete experience, “crucial turning-points” (Hauptmomente) in the history of science – key ideas, the historical understanding of which is vital to present understanding – thus situating his own scientific work at the bi-polar center of the Western scientific tradition, conceived as the dramatic interplay over centuries of two opposing modes of thought. For in his experimentation he recaptures the glimpse of living form gained in aesthetic perception (Anschauung), from which such inherited theoretical positions are ultimately derived. At each stage of this process, imagination, in its aesthetic modality, is essential, for it alone reveals the world as it truly is. The literary quality of his writings on nature, as on culture, reveals Goethe's stylistic achievement in devising a medium in which the insights gained in contemplation may be so transmitted as to make a similar, imaginative, appeal to his reader – re-enacting the abstract-concrete equilibrium characterizing all aesthetic experience. Matching his style to the subtle, delicate, connectedness of Nature, Goethe recreates the delights of participating in natural creativity. His Janus-faced, scientific-literary, style illustrates “binary synthesis,” the principle that unites Goethe's science with his art.Beauty is the normal state.(Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Conduct of Life)There can be no such thing as an eclectic philosophy, but there can be eclectic philosophers. But an eclectic is anyone who, from whatever exists and is happening round about, appropriates the things he or she finds congenial to her or his nature; and this context validly includes all that can be called culture and progress in a theoretical and practical sense. It follows that two eclectic philosophers could turn into the greatest opponents if they are antagonistic to one another, each picking out whatever suits him or her in every traditional system of philosophy.(Goethe, Wilhelm Meister's Journeyman Years)
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Dogar, Abdul Wahab, Kaleem Ullah, Hamid Raza, Ali Husnain, Shams-Ud Din, Syed Hasnain Abbas, Amir Hamza, and Azhar Hussain. "Experience of our First-Ever Living Donor Liver Transplantation In Hiv-Positive Patient-Report From Developing Country with Literature Review." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 2378–880. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582378.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the gravest health challenges worldwide in the present era as it has been for the past 4 decades. HIV has always been a sort of stigma and most clinicians are reluctant to perform liver transplantation for chronic liver disease patients with HIV co-infection. Patients with CD4+ cell count >100/ml along with suppressed mRNA levels on PCR, stable HAART regimen, and absence of any AIDS-specific illness or opportunistic infectionsare the requirements for selecting HIV-positive recipients for liver transplantation. We report the first living donor liver transplant in an HIV-positive recipient in a developing country. Here are the details of the case. Keywords: HIV, living donor, Liver transplantation, developing country
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Gouveia, Odília Maria Rocha, Alice Delerue Matos, and Maria Johanna Schouten. "Social networks and quality of life of elderly persons: a review and critical analysis of literature." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 19, no. 6 (December 2016): 1030–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562016019.160017.
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Abstract Several studies have documented the importance of social networks for quality of life (QL) in old age. This article presents a review and critical analysis of the literature on the relationship between the social networks of the elderly and their QL/well-being. A survey using interdisciplinary search engines [Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Scholar Google, Science Direct and Online Knowledge Library (b-on)], followed by an in-depth examination of the 37 documents subsequently identified, selected based on content, the geographical context of the study and its publication date, suggested a number of tendencies. In the first place, networks of friends have a greater impact on the QL/well-being of elderly persons than family networks. Secondly, the positive effect of the existence of more than one type of relationship was revealed (such as simultaneous friendships and family relationships). Finally, literature suggests emotional closeness has a positive impact on QL/well-being. The present study exposed the lack of longitudinal studies into the causality between network characteristics and QL/well-being. It also revealed the lack of research on the relationship between social networks and QL/well-being in elderly persons living alone. One problematic aspect relates to the fact that few studies provide a definition of the QL measures they adopt, or the rationale behind the manner of their operationalization of the concept.
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Rybina, Liza. "The impact of ethnocentrism and its antecedents on cultural heritage tourism along the Silk Road." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.31.
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The Great Silk Road offers a high potential for the cultural and heritage tourism development as more travelers are interested in the past and culture of the others. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between patriotism, cultural openness, ethnocentrism and outcomes of tourism in the context of the Central Asia. The study uses a quantitative approach. A survey method was applied to collect data from 146 local residents living in the heritage tourism areas. The analysis included descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The obtained results demonstrate that patriotism had a significant positive impact on ethnocentrism of local residents, while cultural openness had a negative impact on ethnocentrism. The ethnocentric attitudes of residents were significantly related to the positive and negative outcomes of tourism. Recommendations are provided for addressing problems related to cultural differences and regional cooperation for better understanding, tolerance, and social interactions between people living in the countries of Central Asia. This study contributes to the academic literature by integrating ethnocentrism and its antecedents with positive and negative outcomes of cultural tourism. It is of value to tourism practitioners and local policy makers in the Silk Road countries.
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Lee, Kenneth, Edward Miguel, and Catherine Wolfram. "Does Household Electrification Supercharge Economic Development?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.1.122.
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In recent years, electrification has reemerged as a key priority in low-income countries, with a particular focus on electrifying households. Yet the microeconomic literature examining the impacts of electrifying households on economic development has produced a set of conflicting results. Does household electrification lead to measurable gains in living standards or not? Focusing on grid electrification, we discuss how the divergent conclusions across the literature can be explained by differences in methods, interventions, potential for spillovers, and populations. We then use experimental data from Lee, Miguel, and Wolfram (2019) — a field experiment that connected randomly selected households to the grid in rural Kenya — to show that impacts can vary even across individuals in neighboring villages. Specifically, we show that households that were willing to pay more for a grid electrification may gain more from electrification compared to households that would only connect for free. We conclude that access to household electrification alone is not enough to drive meaningful gains in development outcomes. Instead, future initiatives may work better if paired with complementary inputs that allow people to do more with power.
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Öncel, Cansu, and Zihni Turkan. "Sustainability in interior space organization of studio flats: Recommendations with examples of Northern Cyprus." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, no. 9 (September 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.09.011.
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The concept of housing began with the existence of people in this world with the need for sanctuary to isolate themselves from the physical environment and from other living creatures, and starting with the most primitive, hand-made places, evolved to the present. Different life cultures and different social needs, in parallel with the process of human development, resulted in various types of housing. Of these types of housing, Studio Houses, which provide the basic living functions within minimum space–mostly in a single space, have become a much-preferred house type by individuals living alone, and by students in the present day living conditions. The aim of this study is to examine the standard type interior organizations of the studio houses constructed in large numbers for students in North Cyprus, which is a university country. The study also aims at presenting design criteria for alternative studio-type houses with different fittings and interior designs meeting the needs of students studying in different branches of universities, thus having different lifestyles. Hence, after a literature review on the concept of housing and the history of housing, interior designs of studio houses of North Cyprus were analyzed, and classification was made according to their interior designs. Interviews were carried out with university students using these studio houses, thus establishing the spatial arrangements and fittings they need and assessing them. Although there are various studies related to the interior design of studio houses, the fact that there is no scientific research towards alternative interior designs for the specific needs of a different group of university students makes this study important.
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Hou, Yonghui, Ying Liu, Minying Li, Baile Ning, Zehuai Wen, and Wenbin Fu. "Acupuncture plus Rehabilitation for Unilateral Neglect after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (March 10, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5301568.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To systematically assess the efficacy of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation on unilateral neglect after stroke. Methods. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Excerpt Medical Database (EMBASE), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and Wan Fang databases were searched online for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and its effects on unilateral neglect after stroke from their inception to September 2019. RCTs on acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the experimental group for unilateral neglect compared with rehabilitation alone or rehabilitation plus sham acupuncture in the control group were included. Two authors separately screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for the data analysis. Results. A total of 542 patients from nine RCTs were included. The meta-analysis showed that the experimental groups could significantly improve Fugl–Meyer Assessment (FMA) (MD = 11.54, 95% CI [9.54, 13.54], P<0.00001) and the ability of daily living (SMD = 1.35, 95% CI [0.64, 2.07], P<0.00001) when compared with the control groups. However, there was no significant difference in the drop of Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) and Behavioural Inattention Test-conventional (BIT-C) between the two groups. Conclusions. Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation was more effective in improving the motor function and the ability of daily living. Because of the limitations regarding the quantity and quality of the studies in this meta-analysis, high-quality and well-designed RCTs are necessary to validate the above conclusions.