Academic literature on the topic 'Living Constitution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Living Constitution"
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Fauzani, Muhammad Addi, Nur Aqmarina Deladetama, Muhammad Basrun, and Muhammad Khoirul Anam. "Living Constitution in Indonesia: The Study of Constitutional Changes Without A Formal Amendment." Lentera Hukum 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v7i1.13953.
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The discussion regarding the living constitution in Indonesia has been increasingly important. The importance of this discussion deals with to the extent it has developed, particularly after Indonesia's constitutional amendment from 1999 to 2002. The current study of constitutional change in Indonesia, as a result of the constitutional amendment during Reformation, adds an emphasis on its change without a formal amendment. Thus, this paper will discuss the urgency of enforcing the amended 1945 Constitution in the lens of the living constitution and how to uphold it through the living constitution. This study uses doctrinal research and, in examining the case, it uses the statutory and conceptual approaches. The result of the study shows that the urgency of upholding the constitution through the living constitution relies on the concept of the living constitution that can dynamize the 1945 Constitution. In response to difficulties to formally amend the 1945 Constitution that depends on political will and rigid juridical condition, there should be a shift in the method of interpretation of the constitution by the Constitutional Court judges, from originalism to the living constitution. The enforcement of the 1945 Constitution through the living constitution can apply the constitutional convention and the interpretation by constitutional judges. This study suggests that the Government and the House of Representatives and other relevant state institutions can use the living constitution, by taking into account the constitutional convention is a source in the organization of the state to patch up the weaknesses of the constitution.
Keywords: Living Constitution, Constitutional Changes, Formal Amendment.
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Fauzani, Muhammad Addi, Nur Aqmarina Deladetama, Muhammad Basrun, and Muhammad Khoirul Anam. "Living Constitution in Indonesia: The Study of Constitutional Changes Without A Formal Amendment." Lentera Hukum 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v7i1.13953.
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The discussion regarding the living constitution in Indonesia has been increasingly important. The importance of this discussion deals with to the extent it has developed, particularly after Indonesia's constitutional amendment from 1999 to 2002. The current study of constitutional change in Indonesia, as a result of the constitutional amendment during Reformation, adds an emphasis on its change without a formal amendment. Thus, this paper will discuss the urgency of enforcing the amended 1945 Constitution in the lens of the living constitution and how to uphold it through the living constitution. This study uses doctrinal research and, in examining the case, it uses the statutory and conceptual approaches. The result of the study shows that the urgency of upholding the constitution through the living constitution relies on the concept of the living constitution that can dynamize the 1945 Constitution. In response to difficulties to formally amend the 1945 Constitution that depends on political will and rigid juridical condition, there should be a shift in the method of interpretation of the constitution by the Constitutional Court judges, from originalism to the living constitution. The enforcement of the 1945 Constitution through the living constitution can apply the constitutional convention and the interpretation by constitutional judges. This study suggests that the Government and the House of Representatives and other relevant state institutions can use the living constitution, by taking into account the constitutional convention is a source in the organization of the state to patch up the weaknesses of the constitution.
Keywords: Living Constitution, Constitutional Changes, Formal Amendment.
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Kavanagh, Aileen. "The Idea of a Living Constitution." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 16, no. 1 (January 2003): 55–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900006639.
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This article is a jurisprudential analysis of the idea of a ‘living Constitution’, as a common feature of the constitutional practice in democratic countries. The main argument of the article is that constitutional interpretation encompasses, rather than excludes the judicial power to develop and change the content of constitutional guarantees. The metaphor of the ‘living Constitution’ is appropriate to the nature of constitutional adjudication because it suggests gradual, incremental change on a case-by-case basis. While it is stressed that courts can and should be creative, this judicial creativity is subject to significant legal and practical constraints.
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Jasanoff, S. "A Living Constitution." Science 331, no. 6019 (February 17, 2011): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1203467.
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Diniz Araujo, Luiz henrique. "CANADIAN LIVING TREE DOCTRINE OF CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION." Revista Direitos Fundamentais & Democracia 25, no. 3 (December 5, 2020): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25192/issn.1982-0496.rdfd.v25i31874.
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This paper aims to tackle the issue of constraints to constitutional interpretation in light of the Living Tree metaphor from the Canadian Constitutional Law. It further scrutinizes this doctrine in contrast to the Originalism and the Living Constitution doctrines developed in the United States. As a conclusion, the article acknowledges that the Living Tree metaphor has the merit for proposing a reconciliation between fixidity and flexibility in interpretation of the constitution. Nevertheless, in order to convey more objectivity and constraints to interpretation, it should be associated with consideration to precedents and incrementalism.
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Brown, Adam R., and Jeremy C. Pope. "Measuring and Manipulating Constitutional Evaluations in the States: Legitimacy Versus Veneration." American Politics Research 47, no. 5 (June 4, 2018): 1135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x18776626.
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American civil religion places the U.S. Constitution on a pedestal. Although this veneration is well-documented, it is unclear where it originates and why other constitutions do not attract the same reverence. We develop a measure of constitutional respect and conduct a randomized survey experiment testing whether new information can change respondents’ evaluations of their state or national constitutions. We find that people do respond to new information about state constitutions, but not to information about the national document, suggesting that Americans view the U.S. Constitution with the sort of veneration and reverence James Madison advocated, while viewing their state constitutions through a more Jeffersonian lens of legitimacy, one that favors continually revising these constitutions to meet the living generation’s needs.
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Rostorotski, Artour. "Book Review - David A. Strauss' The Living Constitution (2010)." German Law Journal 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200017430.
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David Strauss' The Living Constitution addresses the issues of constitutional interpretation and judicial activism in the United States. The book supports the practice of Living Constitutionalism and attempts to demonstrate its advantages over Originalism. It presents general arguments as well as accounts of landmark decisions in order to demonstrate the superiority of Living Constitutionalism. The Living Constitution also argues for common law as the all-but-exclusive method for constitutional change in the modern United States. Overall, the book presents a well-organized and concise case for Living Constitutionalism.
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Honickman, Asher. "The Original Living Tree." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 28, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/cf29376.
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One of the main arguments in Canada in favour of the “living tree” doctrine is that it has deep roots in our constitutional tradition. As the Supreme Court of Canada said in Reference Re Same-Sex Marriage, the living tree is “one of the most fundamental principles of Canadian constitutional interpretation.” The argument goes something like this: beginning with the famous “Persons case” of 1929 (Edwards v. Canada(Attorney General)), the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council recognized the Constitution to be a living tree, capable of evolving to meet new social and economic realities, and this method of constitutional interpretation has remained fundamental to Canada’s constitutional order ever since.
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Gallegos Anda, Carlos E. "Good Living as a Living Law." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 47, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2017.30.
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In 2008, Ecuador reformed its Constitution after a prolonged period of economic, social and political crises. The momentary rupturing of power structures, that had limited political participation to small clusters of elites, opened participatory spaces for historically marginalised social groups to engage in the process of constitutional drafting. As a result of this unprecedented political shift in participation and inclusiveness, alternative notions of cultural, social and economic rights surfaced. This progressive constitutionalism is thus a novel attempt at overcoming legal formalism in favour of aLiving Law, a law that embraces the contextual settings where it will be applied by scrutinising the historic power structures that have moulded it.Good Livingas a legal principle underlines the enactment of aLiving Law.
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Faraguna, Pietro. "Regulating Religion in Italy." Journal of Law, Religion and State 7, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22124810-00701003.
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This article focuses on state-church relations and on the peculiar implementation of the “idea of secularism” in Italy. First, it explores the formal provisions of the 1848 Constitution. Next, it investigates constitutional provisions that came into force in 1948. Finally, it examines how the actors of the living constitution (legislators, the government, judges, and the Constitutional Court in particular) tried to balance and develop the potentially conflicting principles included in the 1948 Constitution in the area of religious freedom, equality, and state-church relations. The article explores three particularly controversial examples: the teaching of religion in state schools; the display of the crucifix in classrooms; and state funding mechanisms of religious denominations. The main claim of the article is that, with regard to the regulation of religion in Italy, the transformation of the constitutional position of religion did not occur within the formal constitution, but in the “living constitution.”
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Living Constitution"
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Moran, Katherine E. Ms. "Comparing and Contrasting the Constitutional Approaches of Justice Scalia and Justice Breyer Through the Pending Supreme Court Case Schwarzenegger V Entertainment Merchants Association." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/174.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore the differences and similarities between Justice Antonin Scalia’s textualist approach to interpreting the Constitution and Justice Stephen Breyer’s Living Constitution approach (also called the evolutionist approach) by applying these disparate legal theories to Schwarzenegger v Entertainment Merchants Association, a case currently pending before the Supreme Court whose resolution centers on the interpretation of the First Amendment. The textualist approach relies primarily on interpreting the original meaning of the text of the Constitution, and attempting to decide cases in a way that is faithful to an amendment’s words as written (Rossum et al. 4). The Living Constitution, or evolutionist approach to constitutional interpretation, contends that the meaning of the Constitution evolves with the standards of society, and the purpose or intent behind the Constitution or an amendment is as important, if not more so, than the literal language when interpreting a Constitutional amendment as it applies to actual cases as they arise (8). These two approaches are fundamentally oppositional, and Justices Scalia and Breyer are the very embodiment of these approaches on the Supreme Court today; each man avidly defends his respective approach in his opinions and other written works, and each exhibits the logic of these approaches in his decisions. The purpose of choosing a case that is undecided (at the time of this writing) is to explore and flesh out the actual decision-making process of both Justices and their constitutional theories, rather than merely critiquing their decisions and holdings in a case that has already been adjudicated. This exploration is particularly useful because it allows one to decipher how these approaches are similar and different in interpreting the Constitution.
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Dregger, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Die Verfassungsinterpretation am US-Supreme Court : Begründungen und politische Ausrichtung zwischen "Originalism" und "Living Constitution" / Sebastian Dregger." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192101715/34.
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Frazão, Hugo Leonardo Abas. "A constituição viva: o Supremo Tribunal Federal como moderador das adaptações democráticas no contexto da Constituição de 1988." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21758.
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The following dissertation proposes to analyze if it competes to the Supreme Federal Tribunal of Brazil - STF to endorse the modifications of the fundamental values (constitutional compromises) of the constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988. It searches to comprehend the role of moderator of the quoted Court in relation to the national politicaldemocratic manifestations producing precedents that recognize, validate and, exceptionally, even create transitions of the constitutional compromises, aiming to represent the evolution of society. The development of this work is by means of a deductive approach that utilizes research of bibliographic reviews. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the phenomenon of modification of the constitutional compromises of the Major Law in force in Brazil and the special role of the Supreme Court in this process. Therefore, this work divides in three chapters, each being in charge of reaching a specific goal. The first one is dedicated to the studies of the origins of the judicial constitutionalism by the perspective of the Comparative Law, investigating the possibility of developing a central concept (subjective) for the constitutional justice, dedicated to affirm the preponderance of the legal control regarding the politics control in the ambit of the democratic Countries, in addition to proposing important advancements to the STF as the curator of Brazil’s constitution. The second one proposes to ascertain to which point, nature and degree the constitution allows a political actuation (politicity) of the STF destined to protect achievements originated from the concept of material democracy, such as existing rights already consecrated in the Constitution’s texts and as in relation to the apprehension of “new rights”. The third one investigates the deprecation of the possibility of modifications, followed by the Tribunal, to review the “spirit” of the Brazilian Constitution, under perspective of the Living Constitution Theory, altering constitutional compromises according to the political interests of the society, without, although, to break the legal regimen in force. It specially highlights the STF’s situation towards the majoritarian democracy and the preservation of the immutable clauses (art. 60, §4º, CRFB/88). In this sense, prosecution of the adaptability of the constitutional text to the current social reality happens through the actuation of the Constitutional Tribunal as a reader of the social aspirations, under perspective of the primacies ranked in the Major Law in Force in Brazil
A presente dissertação propõe-se analisar se compete ao Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil apoiar modificações quanto aos valores fundamentais (compromissos constitucionais) da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Buscou-se compreender o papel moderador do citado Tribunal em relação às manifestações político-democráticas nacionais, produzindo precedentes que reconhecem, validam e, excepcionalmente, até criam transições dos compromissos constitucionais, visando a representar a evolução da sociedade. O desenvolvimento do estudo dá-se por meio de uma abordagem dedutiva, que utiliza pesquisas de revisão bibliográfica e documental. O objetivo geral da dissertação é analisar o fenômeno da modificação dos compromissos constitucionais da Lei Maior vigente no Brasil e o especial papel da Corte Suprema nesse processo. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos, ficando cada um encarregado de alcançar um objetivo específico. O primeiro dedica-se ao estudo das origens do constitucionalismo judicial à luz do Direito Comparado, investigando a possibilidade de se desenvolver um conceito central (subjetivo) para a Justiça Constitucional, dedicado a afirmar a preponderância do controle jurídico em relação ao político no âmbito dos países democráticos, além de propor importantes avanços ao STF enquanto curador da Constituição do Brasil. O segundo se propõe a averiguar até que ponto (natureza e grau) a Constituição admite uma atuação política (politicidade) do STF destinada a proteger conquistas oriundas do conceito de democracia material, tanto quanto a direitos já consagrados no texto da Constituição quanto em relação a apreensão de “novos direitos”. O terceiro volta-se à depreensão da possibilidade de modificações, acompanhadas pelo Tribunal, revisarem o “espírito” da Constituição brasileira à luz da teoria da Constituição Viva, alterando compromissos constitucionais conforme o interesse político da sociedade, sem, contudo, interromper o regime jurídico vigente. Em especial, destaca-se a situação do STF perante a democracia majoritária e a preservação das cláusulas pétreas (art. 60, §4º, CRFB/88). Neste sentido, a persecução da adaptabilidade do texto constitucional à realidade social atual perfazse através da atuação do Tribunal Constitucional como leitor dos anseios sociais, à luz dos primados elencados na Lei Maior em curso no Brasil
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Vlachogiannis, Apostolos. "Les juges de la Cour Suprême des Etats-Unis et la notion de constitution vivante." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020019.
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Les juges de la Cour Suprême des États-Unis et la notion de constitution vivante.Une constitution écrite peut-elle évoluer au cours du temps et s’adapter aux besoins et aux valeurs évolutives de la société, sans pour autant être révisée formellement ? Et si oui, qu’en est-il du texte constitutionnel ? Devant ces interrogations, la notion de constitution vivante vise à résoudre le paradoxe du changement matériel de la Constitution sans modification du texte. Elle est sans aucun doute un topos – qui ne manque pas de susciter des critiques,notamment celle de la théorie dite « originaliste » - de la pensée constitutionnelle américaine, un concept mobilisé, en l’occurrence, pour justifier la cause de la réforme juridique et sociale. Elle a été développée,durant le XXe siècle, principalement par des juges de la Cour Suprême américaine qui ont fourni une approche stimulante et fertile de la nature de la Constitution. La notion de constitution vivante exprime donc une conception évolutive de la Loi suprême, qui saurait, par sa flexibilité et sa fonctionnalité,s’adapter au changement de circonstances. Dans ce cadre, elle a été instrumentalisée afin de surmonter la rigidité de la procédure de révision formelle prescrite par l’article V de la Constitution. Cette notion est dès lors porteuse de la tension entre la permanence du texte et l’évolution du droit constitutionnel positif. Pour justifier ce décalage entre la forme et le fond, les juges défenseurs de la constitution vivante ont toujours traité le texte comme un « document vivant », qui doit être lu à la lumière des valeurs évolutives et des idéaux partagés par le peuple américainThe Justices of the United States Supreme Court and the notion of the livingConstitutionCan a written constitution evolve over time and adapt itself to the changingneeds and values of society, without being formally amended? If yes, thenwhat about the text? The notion of the living constitution tries to solve theparadox of constitutional change without modification of the text. It is acommon place notion – though subject to fierce criticism, notably byoriginalism - of U.S. constitutional thought, a concept invoked on manydifferent occasions in order to promote constitutional and social change. It hasbeen primarily elaborated by certain Justices of the Supreme Court of theUnited States during the 20th century, who have offered a stimulatingapproach of the nature of the U.S. Constitution. From their point of view, thenotion of the living constitution is based on the idea that the Constitutionevolves over time adapting itself to the ever changing circumstances. It thusleads to a theory of interpretation which treats the constitutional provisionsthat allocate powers or guarantee individual rights as flexible and vital.Furthermore, the notion of the living constitution has been used as a means ofovercoming the barrier of the amendment procedure as prescribed by Article Vof the U.S. Constitution. Therefore, it is marked by the tension between thepermanence of the text and the evolution of constitutional law. In order tojustify this evolution, the Justices who defend the notion of the livingConstitution, have always treated the text as a living document, which mustbe read in light of the aspirations and the high ideals of the American people
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Nies, Gregory O. Hankins Barry Beckwith Francis Waltman Jerold L. "Religious liberty through the lens of textualism and a Living Constitution the First Amendment Establishment Clause interpretations of Justices William Brennan, Jr. and Antonin Scalia /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4837.
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Zhou, Han-Ru. "Implied constitutional principles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ca2491fc-a372-4adc-afe0-2f832fcc7082.
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This thesis challenges some of the current limits to the grounds for judicial review of legislation accepted by most Canadian jurists. More specifically, it makes a common law-based argument in favour of the priority over legislation of principles which are implied from the Imperial Constitution Acts 1867-1982 and which originally derive from the English constitution – namely implied constitutional principles. The argument faces two main interrelated legal objections: Parliamentary sovereignty and the Framers’ intentions. The first objection is rebutted by arguing that Parliamentary sovereignty possesses an ability to change in a way that can incorporate substantive legal limitations. The most prevalent common law-based theories of change to Parliamentary sovereignty suggest that the courts can authoritatively determine if implied constitutional principles can check legislation. The second objection is rebutted by reference to the notion of progressive interpretation as conceived under Hartian and Dworkinian theories of law and adjudication. Under these theories, progressive interpretation is an aspect of the courts’ best overall interpretation of the constitution, which includes implied constitutional principles. Such progressive interpretation can result in these principles constraining legislative authority. Justification of the progressive interpretation of implied constitutional principles can be based on the rule of law from which derive a number of these principles. One plausible conception of the Canadian rule of law is that it rejects the view that implied constitutional principles can prevail when in conflict with legislation. However, the better conception is that, as an attempt to adapt implied constitutional principles to relevant changes in society and to protect their underlying values, the judiciary should interpret these principles as capable of checking legislation to the extent that they form part of the core content of the rule of law. Such a conception and an operation of implied constitutional principles can properly be explained by Hartian or Dworkinian common law-based progressive interpretation of these principles and by their relationship with legislative authority.
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Millman, Eric. "Substantive Due Process and the Politicization of the Supreme Court." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1905.
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Substantive due process is one of the most cherished and elusive doctrines in American constitutional jurisprudence. The understanding that the Constitution of the United States protects not only specifically enumerated rights, but also broad concepts such as “liberty,” “property,” and “privacy,” forms the foundation for some of the Supreme Court’s most impactful—and controversial—decisions.
This thesis explores the constitutional merits and politicizing history of natural rights jurisprudence from its application in Dred Scott v. Sandford to its recent evocation in Obergefell v. Hodges. Indeed, from slavery to same-same sex marriage, substantive due process has played a pivotal role in shaping our nation’s laws and destiny: But was it ever intended to?
This paper first examines the legal arguments in favor of substantive due process to determine whether the judiciary was designed to be the “bulwark” of natural as well as clearly scribed law. Then, employing a novel framework to measuring judicial politicization, the thesis tracks the doctrine’s application throughout its most prominent case studies. Often arriving at nuanced conclusions, we observe that the truth is more often painted in some gradation of grey than in black or white.
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Smith, Nicholas. "Towards a Phenomenology of Repression : a Husserlian Reply to the Freudian Challenge." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43512.
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This is the first book-length philosophical study of Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology and Freud’s theory of the unconscious. The book investigates the possibility for Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology to clarify Freud’s concept of the unconscious with a focus on the theory of repression as its centre. Repression is the unconscious activity of pushing something away from consciousness, while making sure that it remains active as something foreign within us. How this is possible is the main problem addressed in the work. Unlike previous literature (including Ricœur, Merleau-Ponty and Derrida) this book makes full use of the resources of genetic phenomenology and passivity in the attempt to clarify the Freudian unconscious. The central argument developed is that the structure of the lebendige Gegenwart as the core of Husserl’s theory of passivity consists of preliminary forms of bodily kinaesthesia, feelings and drives in a constantly ongoing process where repression occurs as a necessary part of all constitution. The clarification of Freudian repression thus takes place by showing how it presupposes a broad conception of consciousness such as that presented by Husserl’s genetic phenomenology. By arguing that “repression” is central to any philosophical account of subjectivity, this book takes on the most distinct challenge to philosophy posed by Freud.
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Häberle, Peter. "Keywords for nowadays constitutionalism - a German perspective." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108042.
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After what happened in 1989, the doctrine states that we are now in the “World Time of the Constitutional State”. But what are the implicationsof this? How has this impacted on the dispute of the German doctrine about the right comprehensionof the nature of the Constitution? Which shouldbe the labor of a Public Law and International Law professor in this context?In the present article, the author comments the indicated phenomenon, and, in order to do this, he uses figures such as the Cooperative Constitutional State, or the living constitutions. Constitutions, he states, aren’t just a product of constitutionalism, but many other factor must be taken into account.Tras lo sucedido el año 1989, la doctrina señala que nos encontramos en “la Hora Mundial del Estado Constitucional”. Pero ¿cuáles son las implicanciasde ello? ¿Cómo ha impactado ello en la disputa dela doctrina alemana por la correcta comprensiónde la naturaleza de la Constitución? ¿Cuál debe serla labor del profesor de Derecho Público y Derecho Internacional en este contexto?En el presente texto, el autor comenta el fenómeno señalado y, para ello, recurre a figuras como la del Estado Constitucional Cooperativo, o la de las constituciones vivas. Las constituciones, afirma, no son solo producto del constitucionalismo, sino que múltiples otros factores deben ser tomados en cuenta.
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Davis, Andrew Alexander. "Living method from the regulative to the constitutive idea in Hegel's logic /." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1720945791&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBooks on the topic "Living Constitution"
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Thēpwēthī, Phra. A constitution for living. Krung Thēp Maha Nakhō̜n: Thammasapha & Bunluentham Institution, 2007.
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Kavanagh, Aileen. The idea of a living constitution. [Toronto]: University of Toronto, Faculty of Law, 2004.
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Bernas, Joaquin G. A living constitution: The Ramos presidency. Pasig City, Philippines: Published and exclusively distributed by Anvil Pub., 1999.
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A living constitution: The troubled Arroyo presidency. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2007.
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Sgroi, Peter P. The living Constitution: Landmark Supreme Court decisions. New York: J. Messner, 1987.
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Bernas, Joaquin G. A living constitution: The Cory Aquino presidency. Pasig City, Philippines: Published and exclusively distributed by Anvil Pub., 2000.
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A living constitution: The abbreviated Estrada presidency. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Living Constitution"
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Forman, F. N. "The living constitution." In Mastering British politics, 11–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11203-6_2.
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Forman, F. N. "The Living Constitution." In Mastering British Politics, 11–21. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17778-3_2.
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Marshall, Thurgood. "The Constitution: A Living Document." In Judges on Judging: Views from the Bench, 225–29. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: CQ Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071800942.n24.
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Bennett, Robert W. "Originalism and the Living American Constitution." In Constitutional Originalism, 78–142. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801460630-003.
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Rehnquist, William H. "The Notion of a Living Constitution." In Judges on Judging: Views from the Bench, 163–72. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: CQ Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071800942.n17.
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Christensen, Pia, Sophie Hadfield-Hill, John Horton, and Peter Kraftl. "Constituting Communities." In Children Living In Sustainable Built Environments, 103–29. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315750019-6.
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"The Living Constitution." In New York Politics, 147–84. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315702094-11.
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Schneier, Edward, and John Brian Murtaugh. "The Living Constitution." In New York Politics, 145–86. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003063544-5.
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Henry, Robert H. "Living Our Traditions." In The Embattled Constitution, 273–96. NYU Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814770122.003.0011.
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"European Conditionality, Living Constitution and Constitutional Drafting." In The Internationalisation of Constitutional Law. Hart Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509941506.ch-002.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Living Constitution"
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Kordej-De Villa, Željka, and Sunčana Slijepčević. "LIVING ON CROATIAN ISLANDS – PERCEPTIONS AND REALITIES OF ISLAND DEVELOPMENT POLICY." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.47.
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The Croatian islands make the second-largest archipelago in the Mediterranean. There are 1244 islands (78 islands, 524 islets, and 642 rocks and rocks awash) that are situated in a range of 450 km along the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. The total area covers 3300 km2 (about 5.8 % of Croatian mainland territory) and the length of their coast is 4057 km. Twenty of these islands occupy an area larger than 20 km2 each, and the other 58 ones have a surface from 1 km2 to 20 km2. There are 47 islands that are permanently inhabited. Administratively, islands belong to seven coastal counties and 51 island towns/municipalities. Several small islands are in the jurisdiction of seven coastal cities. By the Constitution, islands are considered as a region of special protection and unique value. Islands specificities require development policy that takes account of demographic, economic, environmental, and other island issues. In the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, island development policy becomes even more challenging and complex. This paper aims to analyse the attitudes and perceptions of the islanders about the living conditions on the island and the impact of public policies on island development. Identifying the problems from the local perspective helps us to evaluate the success of island development policy. Effective island policy increases the quality of life of the islanders while respecting island specifics. For this purpose, the results of a survey conducted on a sample of the inhabitants of Croatian islands conducted in 2020 are used. The surveys were conducted using the online tool LimeSurvey. The results indicate that 42 percent of the islanders think that living conditions on the islands are not improving. Most of the islanders think that government policy does not encourage island development. The paper also identifies factors that are responsible for differences in attitudes and perceptions of islanders.
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Nunes Vasconcelos, Bruna, Manoela Nunes Machado, and Juliana Landim Gomes Siqueira. "Public policies for the homeless population and the guarantee of anexistential minimum." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212370.
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The Federal Constitution of 1988 has in its body the so-called second dimension rights that aim to guarantee the dignity of the human person. However, when it comes to the homeless population, the reach of these rights, in practice, is distant or non-existent. The absence of official census data hinders the action of the State in the elaboration of effective public policies aimed at solving the various problems faced by individuals living on the streets, without guaranteeing the existential minimum. Given this scenario, the objective is to investigate the development, elaboration and implementation of public policies in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes for the homeless population, which aim to protect the minimum set of rights to have a decent life, reaffirming the importance existing policies or indicating the need for reformulation or the adoption of other measures that guarantee the minimum foreseen in the constitutional text.To achieve the objectives proposed in this research, the methodological procedures will start from a bibliographic, longitudinal, descriptive survey; legislative and jurisprudential analysis on the subject, in addition to a qualitative and quantitative approach, through the collection of primary and secondary data at the Human Development Department and Centro Pop, drawing up a profile of the homeless population in the studied municipality. The aim of this research is to systematize the theoretical framework and the actions of the State through laws, projects, decrees, ordinances on the homeless population and the implementation of public policies as a way to guarantee the existential minimum; proposition of viable solutions at the municipal level for the implementation of effective public policies for the multi-cited population, and elaboration of an article bringing together the results achieved by the studies carried out during the project.
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Amirpourabasi, Arezoo, Mohammad Pourgol-Mohammad, and Hanieh Niroomand-Oscuii. "Reliability Evaluation for Biomechanics Transient Stresses: Case Study of Biological Cell Vitality in Freezing Process." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39468.
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This research proposes reliability evaluation for performance of biological transient mechanical stresses scenarios. This is part of a broader research done by the authors for comprehensive analysis of the biological reliability analysis [1]. A literature review is conducted in area of biomechanics phenomenological processes in order to classify the approaches for success criteria determination and reliability metrics calculation based on their merits and limitations. A limited failure mode and effect analysis is performed as a pre-processor for identification of the corresponding figure of merits. Biological environment is complex in correlated occurrence of microscopic and macroscopic phenomena. Therefore the modeling of this complex medium, in context of mechanical stresses, requires numerical solution of conservation equation and inclusion of corresponding constitution models. Determination of success criteria (first phase for reliability calculation in this research) is a challenging object, and requires consideration of several dependent figures of merits (e.g. temperature, mass and etc.). The developed success criteria matrix is based on the approaches of representation of the figures of merit. A multi-objective criteria is developed according to the phenomena occurrence in the intended study and the selected proper figure(s) of merit. The matrix determines the region of acceptance as well as the rejection area. The reliability index is proposed to estimate the probability of the success based on the calculated system performance in a non-deterministic (stochastic parameters) approach. By augmentation of developed success criteria and the system analysis calculation, a decision is made on the success and rejection of the system performance the methodology is applied to the case of cell cryopreservation phenomenon. The process of freezing in living cells is considerably more complicated than in a solution, primarily due to the presence of cellular structure. The process is considered a transient mechanical stress on the cell structure including the thermal and mass transport. The success criteria is determined based on two figures of merit of temperature and mass and their rate of change. Numerical calculation is completed for study of thermal and mass behavior for the transient of the cell. The uncertain parameters are considered random and Monte Carlo simulation is conducted for inclusion of their variation in the calculation. The situation are specified for the observation of the success criteria and occurrence of the failure.
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Tsuta, T., T. Iwamoto, and T. Fujimura. "Exclusive measuring system of constitutive parameters for living soft tissue and application to facial aging problems." In BIOMED 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/bio070251.
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Mitrović, Ljubinko, and Predrag Raosavljević. "HUMAN RIGHTS OMBUDSMEN IN THE PANDEMIC: CHALLENGES IN PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18353.
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Pandemic of virus COVID-19 posed numerous and unprecedented challenges to citizens and authorities which required shift in behavior and actions of all segments of society. Representing Ombudsmen Institution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, authors shared their experience in monitoring implementation of the decisions of all levels of government and presented challenges in striking the right balance between interests of public health and protection of rights of vulnerable groups. Public authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina have passed emergency measures aimed at containing the spread of virus, but some of them failed to maintain human rights standards. Following the decisions of crisis centers to limit the freedom of movement, it was necessary to secure rights of children to education, protection from domestic violence and neglect in the family context. In introducing online education, authorities were asked to adapt recognition and grading system to the children in different conditions and circumstances, especially to the children with difficulties in development, children living in poverty and on margins of society such as Roma children or those living in institutions. Ombudsmen Institution registered increase in the number of domestic violence cases because measures limiting freedom of movement had impact on victims' ability to seek help from trusted sources, usually members of immediate family or representatives of law enforcement agencies. Having in mind that large number of citizens could not afford access to the official gazettes in any form, Ombudsmen requested that all enacted legislation be accessible online recommended that the decision banning reporters from conferences be reconsidered, guided by the right of citizens to be informed of their government actions. Examining the practice of placing COVID stickers on mail by the Post Office, Ombudsmen issued recommendation to stop such practice as it was deemed disproportional to the right to privacy and protection of personal data, while the protection of postal workers could have been ensured by other protective measures. It also became evident that national budgetary capacities had to be increased in order to prevent deterioration in provision of basic public services such as health and social protection, since economic consequences of the pandemic were disproportionally felt by the groups exposed to poverty, such as Roma, refugees or migrants. Drawing conclusion from concrete cases, authors offer review of particular emergency measures, analyze their adequacy, justifiability and timeliness, while presenting authorities’ response to Ombudsmen’s findings in formulating more adequate and efficient but, at the same time, least intrusive measures taken in response to the disaster. In search of common response to such widespread phenomenon, governments should recognize the intention of Ombudsmen Institutions to be in „permanent session“ over protection of vulnerable groups and should more actively involve it in discussions on emergency measures and their effect on human rights and freedoms. It proved to be better suited to act quickly, to apply more effective remedies and to correct government actions thanks to its knowledge of the local context than traditional institutions for protection of human rights, such as constitutional courts, international courts or treaty bodies.
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Surzhikov, V. I. "К ВОПРОСУ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО УЩЕРБА ОТ НАВОДНЕНИЙ." In GEOGRAFICHESKIE I GEOEKOLOGICHESKIE ISSLEDOVANIIA NA DAL`NEM VOSTOKE. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.97.29.018.
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В статье приведены результаты анализа работ отечественных авторов, посвященных оценке экономического и социального ущерба, наносимого опасными гидрологическими явлениями (наводнениями). Все методики носят рекомендательный характер. Авторами принимаются во внимание различные факторы, влияющие на размер ущерба. Использование различных критериев, составляющих ущерб, приводит к получению разных цифр. Большинство методик не являются комплексными, не учитывают региональную специфику. Чаще всего определяется только реальный или прогнозный прямой ущерб, в то время как косвенный ущерб не рассчитывается. Преобладают оценки экономического ущерба в связи с ориентацией статистики на учет материальных ценностей. Социальный ущерб от наводнений оценить сложнее. Однако ущерб здоровью пострадавших от наводнений людей представляет не меньшую проблему, чем ущерб экономики. В статье отмечается, что для минимизации негативного воздействия, наносимого опасными гидрологическими явлениями (наводнениями), чрезвычайно важным является определение территорий потенциально подверженных риску наводнений. Выделено три этапа. На первом этапе требуется создание банка гидрометеорологических данных (превышение опасной отметки уровня воды и случаи затопления близлежащего населённого пункта, максимальные уровни, расходы воды, водного режима). На втором этапе производятся гидрологические расчеты, определяются уровни и расходы воды разной процентной обеспеченности. На третьем этапе на основе данных дистанционного зондирования земли строится цифровой рельеф исследуемой территории, изолинии рельефа нужной детальности, карта зон затопления (на основе рассчитанных уровня и расхода воды разной процентной обеспеченности), определяются площади затопления при 1 и 10 обеспеченности. Завершающим шагом является добавление таких данных Публичной кадастровой карты, как площадь земельного участка, его кадастровая стоимость и вид разрешенного использования. Используя нормативы укрупненных удельных показателей стоимости прямого ущерба в расчете на 1 га затопляемой площади населенных пунктов, возможно рассчитать прогнозный экономический ущерб. Для расчета прогнозного социального ущерба потребуются данные численности населения, проживающего в прогнозируемых зонах затопления, его половозрастной состав, занятость.The article presents the results of an analysis of the works of domestic authors on the assessment of economic and social damage caused by dangerous hydrological phenomena (floods). All methods are advisory in nature. The authors take into account various factors affecting the amount of damage. The use of various criteria constituting the damage leads to different numbers. Most of the methods are not complex, do not take into account regional specifics. Most often, only real or forecast direct damage is determined, while indirect damage is not calculated. Estimates of economic damage prevail in connection with the orientation of statistics on accounting for material values. Social damage from floods is more difficult to assess. However, the damage to the health of people affected by floods is no less a problem than damage to the economy. The article notes that in order to minimize the negative impact caused by hazardous hydrological events (floods), it is extremely important to identify areas that are potentially at risk of floods. Three stages are distinguished. At the first stage, the creation of a hydrometeorological data bank is required (excess of a dangerous water level mark and cases of flooding of a nearby settlement, maximum levels, water discharge, water regime). At the second stage, hydrological calculations are made, the levels and discharges of water of different interest rates are determined. At the third stage, based on the data of remote sensing of the earth, a digital topography of the study area, contour contours of the required detail, a map of flood zones (based on the calculated level and flow rate of water with different percentage coverage) are built, and the flood areas are determined at 1 and 10 coverage. The final step is to add such data of the Public Cadastral Map as the area of the land plot, its cadastral value and type of permitted use. Using the standards of aggregated specific indicators of the cost of direct damage per 1 ha of flooded area of settlements, it is possible to calculate the predicted economic damage. To calculate the predicted social damage, you will need data on the number of people living in the forecasted flood zones, their gender and age composition, and employment.