Relevant bibliographies by topics / Living trusts

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Living trusts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Living trusts"

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Stone, Edward. "Dying trusts, living trusts." Trusts & Trustees 26, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttz133.

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Abstract The popularity of trusts has been on a long downward trend in the UK. According to the latest data published by HMRC in September 2019, the total number of trusts and estates registered for tax in the UK has fallen by almost one third since April 2006 to 150,000 and the number of interest in possession trusts has almost halved over the same period to 49,000. The decline is explored in this article and how it could be halted by adopting US-style “living trusts”.
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Shenkman, Martin. "Revocable Living Trusts." Neurology Now 8, no. 7 (February 2013): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nnn.0000427284.13165.d6.

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Mears, Ruth, Sofia Leadbetter, Toby Candler, Hannah Sutton, Deborah Sharp, and Julian P. H. Shield. "Cross-sectional survey of child weight management service provision by acute NHS trusts across England in 2020/2021." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e061971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061971.

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ObjectiveWith one in five children in England living with obesity, we mapped the geographical distribution and format of child weight management services provided by acute National Health Service (NHS) trusts across England, to identify breadth of service provision.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingThe survey was sent to acute NHS trusts (n=148) in England in 2020, via a freedom of information request.ParticipantsResponses were received from 139 of 148 (94%) acute NHS trusts, between March 2020 to March 2021.Outcome measuresThe survey asked each acute NHS trust whether they provide a weight management service for children living with obesity. For those trusts providing a service, data were collected on eligibility criteria, funding source, personnel involved, number of new patients seen per year, intervention duration, follow-up length and outcome measures. Service characteristics were reported using descriptive statistics. Service provision was analysed in the context of ethnicity and Index of Multiple Deprivation score of the trust catchment area.ResultsFrom the 139 survey respondents, 23% stated that they provided a weight management service for children living with obesity. There were inequalities in the proportion of acute NHS trusts providing a service across the different regions of England, ranging from 4% (Midlands) to 36% (London). For trusts providing a service, there was variability in the number of new cases seen per year, eligibility criteria, funding source, intervention format and outcome measures collected. A multidisciplinary approach was not routinely provided, with only 41% of services reporting ≥3 different staff disciplines.ConclusionIn 2020/2021, there were geographical inequalities in weight management service provision by acute NHS trusts for children living with obesity. Services provided lacked standardisation, did not routinely offer children multidisciplinary care and were insufficient in size to meet need.
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Lupoi, M. "Trusts in Italy: A Living Comparative Law Laboratory." Trusts & Trustees 18, no. 5 (May 4, 2012): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/tts030.

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Lupoi, Maurizio. "Trusts in Italy as a living comparative law laboratory." Trusts & Trustees 19, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2013): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttt034.

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Lowder, Janet L., Sandra J. Buzney, Catherine M. French, and Sana Loue. "The Importance of Planning for the Future." Care Management Journals 5, no. 4 (December 2004): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/cmaj.2004.5.4.235.

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This article explains various mechanisms that are available to plan for the future prior to the development of incapacity. These include powers of attorney, revocable living trusts, advance medical directives such as powers of attorney for health care and living wills, psychiatric advance directives, and guardianships and conservatorships. Case examples are utilized to illustrate the consequences of a failure to plan and what can be accomplished through advance planning. The suitability of each such mechanism is dependent on the situation of each individual. Additionally, the specific details of each mechanism may vary across states.
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Farrukh, Affifa, and John Francis Mayberry. "Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Turkish Populations Served by English NHS Trusts." Gastrointestinal Disorders 5, no. 3 (September 13, 2023): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gidisord5030031.

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It is estimated that there are about 500,000 Turkish people living in the UK, of whom about 300,000 are of Cypriot origin. A Freedom of Information request was sent to the four NHS Trusts in London which served areas with significant Turkish communities. The request sought information on the total number of patients admitted between 2016 and 2020 with inflammatory bowel disease. Between 2016 and 2020, 1936 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were admitted to North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust. Some of these patients will have been readmitted in different years, leading to an inflation of the overall number. The average number of cases admitted each year was approximately 387. The proportion of White British patients with ulcerative colitis was 0.4; for Turkish Cypriots, it was 0.43 and for Turkish patients, 0.45. A z test comparison of these proportions showed that there was no difference between the Turkish communities (z = 0.52 ns) and no overall difference between White British and all Turkish patients (z = −1.5, ns). Between 2016 and 2020, the Homerton Healthcare Foundation Trust admitted 215 English patients with inflammatory bowel disease, of whom 113 had ulcerative colitis. Of the 26 Turkish patients, 4 had ulcerative colitis. The proportion of Turkish patients with Crohn’s disease was significantly greater than that amongst English patients (z = 3.58, p < 0.0003). In the context of the relatively large number of Turkish people with inflammatory bowel disease in both trusts, the absence of published work on the impact of these chronic diseases is of concern. The results from this investigation should prompt specific qualitative research into the Turkish experience in the UK following a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease with the intention of developing better patient-centred care.
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Sutton, Halley. "Student‐vets face gap between housing stipend, actual needs." Student Affairs Today 26, no. 11 (January 22, 2024): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/say.31349.

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A pair of studies by the Pew Charitable Trusts point out the financial hardships student‐veterans face when transitioning to higher education, even when using the GI Bill. One study found student‐veterans may take out more student loans to cover gaps between the monthly housing allotment from the GI Bill and actual housing costs. The other analysis found living expenses — housing in particular — were the top expense covered by student loans for student‐veterans.
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Aldrich, M. "Tariffs and Trusts, Profiteers and Middlemen: Popular Explanations for the High Cost of Living, 1897-1920." History of Political Economy 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 693–746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-2369967.

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Sutton, Halley. "Student‐veterans face gap between housing stipend, actual needs." Recruiting & Retaining Adult Learners 26, no. 2 (October 24, 2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nsr.31093.

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A pair of studies have pointed out the financial hardships that student‐veterans face when transitioning to higher education, even when utilizing the GI Bill. One study, done by the Pew Charitable Trusts, found that student‐veterans may take out more student loans to cover gaps between the monthly housing allotment from the GI Bill and actual housing costs. The other analysis, also conducted by Pew, found that living expenses — housing in particular — were the top expense covered by student loans for student‐veterans.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Living trusts"

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Steinke, Frederick. "Influence of trust in Ambient Assisted Living technologies." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17167.

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Zwischenmenschliches Vertrauen spielt in Beziehungen eine wichtige Rolle und beinhaltet die Erwartung, dass auf das Wort des Anderen Verlass ist (Rotter, 1967). Auch im Zusammenhang mit Automation und Mensch-Maschine-Systemen erlangt die Betrachtung von Vertrauen in den vergangenen Jahren immer größere Bedeutung. In den Bereichen automatisierte Fahrzeugsteuerung oder militärische Freund-Feind-Erkennung wurde bereits eine Vielzahl von Erhebungen durchgeführt. Einen Forschungsgegenstand, der bislang jedoch weitestgehend unbeachtet geblieben ist, stellen Heim-Automatisierungen und Unterstützungstechnologien für ältere Personen dar. Die vorliegende Dissertation möchte einen Anstoß für die Forschungsaktivitäten im Kontext von Vertrauen in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Systeme geben und gleichzeitig die Möglichkeiten von Unterstützungs-technologien (für beeinträchtigte Personen) im Wohnumfeld aufzeigen. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht dabei das Vertrauen älterer Personen, als potentielle Endnutzer, in AAL Systeme. Nach Durchführung der Literaturanalyse, wurden mittels einer Fragebogenstudie zunächst verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf das Vertrauen in AAL sowie die Nutzungsabsicht der senioren Zielgruppe erforscht. Unter Einbeziehung der Variablen des Technology Acceptance Modells (TAM) (Davis, 1989) werden Personen mit und ohne täglichem Unterstützungsbedarf befragt. Basierend auf den dadurch gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wurden zwei Experimente durchgeführt. Die Probanden der beiden Experimente, die jeweils eine seniore Testgruppe und eine junge Kontrollgruppe umfassten, sollten mittels eines Mock-Ups auf einem Tablet-Computer verschiedene Aufgaben im Wohnumfeld bearbeiten. Im ersten Experiment wurde zusätzlich zu der Standard-Bedienoberfläche der AAL Technologie, entweder persönliche Unterstützung via Operateur oder eine technische Unterstützung zur Verfügung gestellt. Das zweite Experiment untersuchte drei unterschiedliche Stufen von Zuverlässigkeit einer AAL Applikation.
Interpersonal trust as “expectancy that the verbal statements of others can be relied upon” (Rotter, 1967; p. 651) plays an important role in human relationships. But even in the context of automation and man-machine systems, the consideration of trust has acquired even greater importance in recent years. In the field of automated vehicle control systems or military friend-or-foe recognition, a large number of surveys relating to trust have been conducted. An area of research that, to date, has not been well-investigated is home automation, such as smart home and assistive technologies for older people. The present thesis aims to initiate such research activities in the context of trust in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems, as well as to demonstrate the opportunities that assistive technologies present for impaired persons in the living environment. The focus of the present survey is on the trust of older people, as potential end-users, in AAL systems. To establish an understanding of the state of this research field, a literature review has been conducted. Subsequently, the various factors influencing trust in AAL and usage intention of the elderly target group are examined via a written questionnaire study. Taking into account the variables of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), persons with and without need for daily support are interviewed. Based on the obtained results, two subsequent experiments were carried out. The participants in the two experiments, each including a senior test group and a young control group, worked on various tasks through a mock-up on a tablet-computer in the living environment. In the first experiment, in addition to the standard user interface of the AAL technology, either personal support via operator or a technical embedded support was provided to test the differential impact on the trust of the participants in AAL. The second experiment included three different levels of reliability of an AAL application.
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Shannon, Chelsey K. "The Half-Lives We Were Living." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2643.

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West, Emma Kuliana. "Bald truths : living and coming to terms with alopecia areata hair loss." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537953.

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This research set out to enhance our understanding of what it means to live with hair loss diagnosed as alopecia areata (AA), exploring how individuals adapted over time. This was achieved through depth interview with 33 persons (19 women; 14 men) living with various levels of hair loss severity and duration. There is a growing body of quantitative evidence indicating that the condition can be emotionally, psychologically and socially devastating. This investigation explored the issue qualitatively, directly from the perspectives of those affected, so as to gain a fuller perspective on negative outcomes for men and women. Results revealed how a great deal of uncertainty accompanied the early AA career and much effort was invested as individuals attempted to make sense of their experiences and exert control over the condition. As hair loss worsened and physical appearance became increasingly `different', questions of identity and self came to the fore, causing those affected to feel that the essence of their personhood was under threat. Over time some adapted more successfully than others, although those most zealous in their efforts to keep it hidden from others undoubtedly led the most restricted lives. Both men and women expressed negative feelings about their hair loss, particularly from the head and around the eyes. However, there were also clear gender differences in meanings according to hair loss in particular body areas. Moreover, women invested more in `normalising' their appearance. I have argued that simplistic assumptions regarding the heightened threat for women undermine the gravity for men and contribute towards the difficulty many men experience in seeking and gaining support. This research represents a preliminary step towards a fuller understanding of the experience of living with AA. It is anticipated that these findings will enable professionals to improve the planning and delivery of health care for A. A.
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Shaafi, Aymen. "Secured and trusted remote wireless health monitoring systems for assisted living of elderly people." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP5208.

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Le vieillissement de la population est l'un des problèmes clés pour la grande majorité de nombreux pays. Le nombre de personnes âgées souffrant de multiples maladies et nécessitant une surveillance continue de leurs signes vitaux augmente chaque jour, entraînant des coûts de santé supplémentaires. Les systèmes de santé modernes en médecine gériatrique nécessitent souvent la présence de personnes âgées à l'hôpital, ce qui est en conflit avec leur exigence d'indépendance et d'intimité. Les développements récents sur la télésurveillance e-santé offrent une large gamme de solutions. Cependant, la plupart des appareils sont conçus pour une détection médicale spécifique et fonctionnent indépendamment les uns des autres. Il y a toujours un manque de cadre intégré avec une interopérabilité élevée et un support de surveillance en ligne continu pour une analyse de corrélation plus approfondie. Cette thèse est une étape vers un système de collecte de données à distance, complet et continu pour les personnes âgées présentant divers types de problèmes de santé. Notre esprit de recherche est motivé par la demande immédiate d'un système de surveillance de la santé à distance sans fil sécurisé et fiable pour les personnes âgées en résidence assistée, combinant diverses sources de données. Pour créer un système aussi complet, nous le divisons en sous-systèmes, afin de le rendre réalisable et facile à mettre en œuvre, nous permettant ainsi de mettre à jour chaque sous-système individuellement dans les études futures sans affecter les autres sous-systèmes intégrés. L'accent est mis sur un système complet de surveillance à distance de l'e- santé. La liste des principales contributions contient (1) proposer une nouvelle approche pour la sécurité des appareils surveillés et proposer une solution pour prévenir les attaques MiTM et réduire la consommation d'énergie, (2) nous proposons une détection de chute fiable, (3) étudier et développer une nouvelle méthode de reconnaissance des activités quotidiennes des patients âgés surveillés, (4) proposer une approche pour améliorer la fiabilité du système et réduire les fausses alarmes et les interventions inutiles, (5) proposer et développer un algorithme de conversion de la langue des signes en texte utilisant une analyse de fusion multi-capteurs. En conséquence, nous prévoyons de fournir un système de surveillance avec une précision fiable dans la détection d'événements anormaux et de déclencher une alarme lors de la détection de tels événements pour demander de l'aide et de l'assistance
Aging population is one of the key problems for the vast majority of many countries. The number of elderly people who suffer from multiple diseases and need continuous monitoring of their vital signs increases everyday, resulting in additional healthcare costs. Modern healthcare systems in geriatric medicine often require elderly presence at the hospital which conflict with their demand for independence and privacy. Recent developments on remote e-health monitoring, provides a wide range of solutions. However, most of the devices are designed for specific medical sensing and operate independently from each other. There is still a lack of integrated framework with high interoperability and continuous online monitoring support for further correlation analysis. This thesis is a step towards a remote, complete, and continuous data gathering system for elderly people with various types of health problems. Our research spirit is motivated by immediate demand in a secured and trusted remote wireless health monitoring System for assisted living Elderly people, combining various data sources. To create such a complete system we divide it into subsystems, in order to make it feasible and easy to implement, thus allowing us to update each subsystem individually in the future studies without affecting other integrated subsystems. The main focus is on a complete remote e-health monitoring system. The list of main contributions contains (1) propose a new approach for security of monitored devices and propose a solution to prevent MiTM attacks and reduce energy consumption, (2) we propose reliable fall detection,(3) investigating and developing a novel recognition method of daily activities for monitored elderly patient, (4) propose an approach to enhance the reliability of the system and to reduce false alarms and unnecessary interventions, (5) propose and develop a sign language to text converter algorithm using multi-sensor fusion analysis. As a result, we expect to provide a monitoring system with reliable accuracy in the detection of abnormal events, and raise an alarm upon detection of such events to seek help and assistance
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Tumpkin, Mary A. "An expansion strategy for the universal foundation for better living based on a Jamaican model." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.108-0010.

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Steinke, Frederick [Verfasser], Denis [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerstorf, Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Linnhoff-Popien, and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Wandke. "Influence of trust in Ambient Assisted Living technologies / Frederick Steinke. Gutachter: Denis Gerstorf ; Claudia Linnhoff-Popien ; Hartmut Wandke." Berlin : Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068855681/34.

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Thorp, Katherine Ngaire. "The benefits of inner city living for low income earners : a study of Housing Trust tenants in inner Adelaide /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art517.pdf.

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Lindmark, Elin. "Habitat availability and ontogenetic niche shifts : The effects on adult size of lake-living brown trout (Salmo trutta)." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-178788.

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One common consequence of ontogenetic niche shifts is that juveniles and adults of the same species often use different resources and habitats. Theory suggests that variation in productivity and/or habitat size for the respective life stage regulates size distribution of individuals and population biomass. Low resources/habitat availability for juveniles relative to adults results in populations with many small juveniles with high mortality and few but large adults, while the opposite situation results in a population with small and slow growing adults with high densities. I tested this theory using lake-living brown trout (Salmo trutta), where adults inhabit lakes and use connected streams for spawning and nurseries for juveniles. My hypothesis was that the relative habitat availability for juveniles respectively adults determines the size structure of adult brown trout in lakes. This was done by quantifying available stream habitats in relation to lake area via GIS analysis of 101 allopatric brown trout lakes in Sweden and Norway. My results showed that the proportion of large trout, mean length and maximum length decreased with increasing juvenile habitat in relation to adult habitat availability. This suggests that relative variation in availability of juvenile and adult habitats can affect the size structure of lake-living brown trout, most likely due to size dependent niche shifts and competitive and cannibalistic interactions. As the lake brown trout is highly valued both for commercial and recreational purposes, these findings can be highly valuable for sustainable management of the ecosystems services that the brown trout provides.
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Åsander, Ann-Sofie. "HIV-infected African parents living in Stockholm social networks, disclosure, parenthood, and knowledge about HIV-transmission /." Stockholm : Infectious diseases unit, Karolinska Institutet, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-774-0/.

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Horkey, Cynthia. "Estate Planning Documents In Virginia Among Adults 50 And Over With At Least One Adult Child." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26263.

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This study examined the relationship between demographics, attitudes, and subjective norms (influences) on Virginia adults over 50 with at least one adult child and the presence of estate planning documents. The Theory of Reasoned Action (Azjen & Fishbein, 1980) was applied using a secondary data set of 189 participants. Regression analyses examined paths from external variables (demographics), attitudes toward the behavior, and subjective norms to the intention and behavior. Intention and behavior were defined as the possession, intention to possess, and non-intention to possess estate planning documents. Asset-focused documents included Will, Living Trust, Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Issues, and the Letter of Instruction. Health care-focused documents included Living Will and the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. An analysis was also conducted on the possession of a complete set of estate planning documents. Older persons were more likely to possess all documents except the Letter of Instruction. Respondents with higher assets were more likely to possess a Will. Respondents who were more educated were more inclined to possess a Living Will. Respondents that had informally promised property to their children were more likely to possess a Living Trust. Younger respondents were more likely to intend to possess a Will, the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care, and the Living Will. Persons with lower assets were more likely to intend to possess a Will, and those with a goal for privacy in financial affairs and who believed they should help their adult children financially were more likely to intend to possess a Living Trust. Participants who intended to possess a Letter of Instruction were more educated, male, owned homes, and had a goal for privacy in financial affairs. Age (younger) was an indirect influence to the Letter of Instruction, mediated through the goal to leave family financial security. Participants with lower assets and in good emotional health did not have intention to possess a Living Trust. Male gender and owning a home were influences on not intending to possess a Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Issues. Males were less likely to have a Letter of Instruction. Respondents with the goal to leave an inheritance were more likely to have non-intention to possess the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care and Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Issues. More education, lower income, and residing with a relative were mediated influences to the Durable Powers of Attorney for Health Care and for Financial Issues through the goal to leave inheritance. Respondents that were older, had more assets, owned homes, had a goal to leave an inheritance, and that had informally promised their property were more likely to possess more estate documents. Indirect paths to having a set of estate planning documents were more education, lower income, and residing with a relative, which were mediated through the goal to leave inheritance. The low number of estate planning documents respondents had and the lack of intention to obtain estate planning documents indicate a need for further education in the areas of estate planning. The occurrence of older age as an influence, particularly with health care-focused documents, indicates a need for more awareness in younger adults of their vulnerability, at any age, to illness or injury and that medical directives should be in place.
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Books on the topic "Living trusts"

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M, Nearn Noreen, Butler Dean V, Washington State Bar Association. Real Property, Probate & Trust Section., and Washington State Bar Association. Continuing Legal Education Committee., eds. Living trusts. Seattle, Wash: WSBA, 1990.

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Institute, Pennsylvania Bar, ed. Living trusts. [Harrisburg, Pa.] (P.O. Box 1027, Harrisburg 17108-1027): Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 1991.

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Moy, Doug H. Living trusts. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley & Sons, 2003.

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Abts, Henry W. The living trust. Chicago, Ill: Contemporary Books, 1993.

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Sitarz, Dan. Living trusts simplified. Carbondale, Ill: Nova Pub. Co., 2002.

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Morrow, Alice Mills. Revocable living trusts. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1994.

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Morrow, Alice Mills. Revocable living trusts. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1995.

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Morrow, Alice Mills. Revocable living trusts. Corvallis, Or: Extension Service, Oregon State University, 1991.

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Morrow, Alice Mills. Revocable living trusts. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1998.

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Folsom, Ralph Haughwout. Revocable trusts and trust administration in Connecticut. [St. Paul, Minn.]: Thomson/West, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Living trusts"

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Schiocchet, Leonardo. "Chapter 7: Economies of Trust." In Living in Refuge, 201–30. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839460740-008.

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Eaglestone, Robert. "Living and dead words." In Truth and Wonder, 76–88. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003097914-7.

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Brennan, Thomas J. "“Wound” in the “Living Soul”: Tennyson’s In Memoriam." In Trauma, Transcendence, and Trust, 73–117. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230117549_3.

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Tombindo, Felix, and Simbarashe Gukurume. "Trust and the Zimbabwean diaspora." In Everyday Crisis-Living in Contemporary Zimbabwe, 155–67. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003026327-15.

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Sheikh, Farrah. "Living ‘True’ Islam in Multicultural Britain: An Ahmadi Case Study." In Muslims, Trust and Multiculturalism, 263–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71309-0_12.

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Konomi, Shin’ichi, Xiangyuan Hu, Yu Chen, Tianyuan Yang, Baofeng Ren, and Chengzuo Yao. "Leveraging Living Trust Networks for Socially-Aware Recommendations." In Cross-Cultural Design, 503–18. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35936-1_37.

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Broekstra, Gerrit. "Complexity is a consequence of living in a sandpile world." In Building High-Performance, High-Trust Organizations, 1–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137414724_1.

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Hawkins, Mary, and Helena Onnudottir. "A Mare's Field Guide to Monsters in Iceland." In Living with Monsters, 67–79. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0361.1.05.

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Horses came to Iceland with the first settlers in the ninth century. Exploring Iceland was a joint venture between horse and human. Isolated from the horse populations of Europe, the Icelandic horse is recognized as a distinct breed, small in stature but powerfully built and possessing a fifth gait. Horses are useful in agriculture and as a primary means of transport, but equally they have been and still are companions and guides to humans, trusted to convey a half asleep, drunk farmer safely home from a barn dance. In the first few springs of a foal’s life, foal and their dams are released from their home paddocks into the mountains, where grasses and herbs grow and horses roam and forage freely. Horses thus learn their land and mountains, and they know where the path is treacherous and where it opens to a lush valley. It is said that if you are on horseback and lost, drop the reins, and let the horse lead because she will know the way. Horses also learn that the mist may hide dangerous creatures and that caution should be taken in the vicinity of elf dwellings and in the places where trolls may camp. Because of this, a horse is a fitting author of this field guide to Icelandic monsters.
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Murray, Cailín E. "Don't Say His Name." In Living with Monsters, 31–49. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0361.1.03.

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Wild Man figures are found around the world and seem to always occupy a mythical and liminal space between culture and nature. Among the Native peoples of the Northwest Coast of North America, he is known by different names in various tribal languages. However, terms like Sasquatch or Bigfoot are used locally as a kind of generic reference. Since Indigenous peoples and settler colonial newcomers have reported encounters over the decades since contact, it is important to consider what resources each culture provides to help people make sense of their experiences. I wanted my story to reflect how these meanings shift and how confusing and consequential it can become when non-natives assume they understand tribal/First Nations’ beliefs and experiences based on their own. The character of Sarah illustrates how even well-meaning researchers often approach Indigenous beliefs from what the folklorist David Hufford calls “a tradition of disbelief.” In other words, what they know is truth and what others know is merely “belief.” The story allows readers to ponder the various characters’ actions and what they “know,” and thus, what “really” happened.
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Di Rocco, Richard J., and Edgar E. Coons. "Abiogenesis: The Emergence of Life from Non-living Matter." In Consilience, Truth and the Mind of God, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01869-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Living trusts"

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Bahri, Leila, and Sarunas Girdzijauskas. "Trust Mends Blockchains: Living up to Expectations." In 2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdcs.2019.00136.

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Singh, Jatinder, Jean Bacon, and Ken Moody. "Dynamic trust domains for secure, private, technology-assisted living." In The Second International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2007.73.

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O'Donoghue, J. "Towards Lightweight and Int erop erabl e Trust Models: Th Entity Attestation Token." In Living in the Internet of Things (IoT 2019). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2019.0167.

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Quyen, Vu Thi Bich, and Dao Ngoc Tien. "Nonlinear dynamic analysis of plan truss with length imperfection under harmonic excitation using mixed FEM." In CONSTRUCTION: THE FORMATION OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT: FORM-2022. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0143471.

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Hoque, Md Endadul, Farzana Rahman, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed, and Lin Liu. "Trust based security auto-configuration for smart assisted living environments." In the 2nd ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1655062.1655065.

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Townsend, Dedra, and AmirHossein MajidiRad. "Trust in Human-Robot Interaction Within Healthcare Services: A Review Study." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89607.

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Abstract There has always been a dilemma of the extent to which human can rely on machines in different activities of daily living. Ranging from riding on a self-driving car to having an iRobot vacuum clean the living room. However, when it comes to healthcare settings where robots are intended to work next to human, making decision gets difficult because repercussions may jeopardize people’s life. That has led scientists and engineers to take one step back and think out of the box. Having concept of trust under scrutiny, this study helps deciphering complex human-robot interaction (HRI) attributes. Screening essential constituents of what shapes the trust in human mind as s/he is working with a robot will provide a more in-depth insight through how to build and consolidate the trust. In physiotherapeutic realm, this feeds into improving safety protocols and level of comfort; as well as increasing the efficacy of robot-assisted physical therapy and rehabilitation. This paper provides a comprehensive framework for measuring trust through introducing several scenarios that are prevalent in rehabilitation environment. This proposed framework highlights importance of clear communication between physicians and how they expect robot to intervene in a human centered task. In addition, it reflects on patients’ perception of robot assistance. Ultimately, recommendations are made in order to maximize trust earned from the patients which then feeds into enhancing efficacy of the therapy. This is an ongoing study; authors are working with a local hospital to implement the know in a real-world application.
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Soloveva, Anastasia, and Evgeniy Ilichev. "An approach for evaluation the ultimate load on trusses based on the fuzzy sets." In CONSTRUCTION: THE FORMATION OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT: FORM-2022. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0144355.

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Fricke, J. Robert, and Mark A. Hayner. "Direct Global Stiffness Matrix Method for 3-D Truss Dynamics." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0402.

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Abstract This paper deals with the acoustical design goal for a new approach in submarine architecture calling for the use of an internal truss to support the ship’s control and living spaces in the forward section. The acoustical design goal is to minimize truss vibration over a broad band of frequency through the application of passive damping treatments. Damping can be placed in three generic locations: 1) in or along the truss members, 2) in the joints between members, and 3) in dynamic absorbers placed at discrete locations along the truss members. This paper develops the framework for evaluating ways to achieve the stated acoustical goal. We outline the formulation of the Direct Global Stiffness Matrix method (DGSM), which is used to relate externally applied forces and moments at truss joints to joint displacements everywhere on the truss. The model is kinematically constrained by matching welded boundary conditions at the joints, and the joint displacements are computed by a sparse matrix inversion method. From these displacements, wave amplitudes for each of the three wave types, longitudinal, torsional, and flexural, may be computed on any of the beam members. An example of the use of this method illustrates the sensitivity of the global energy decay rate to the truss damping parameters, which are the only free parameters of the model. [Work sponsored by ARPA/ONR]
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Chin Eang, Ong. "B2C E-Commerce Trust in Redress Mechanism (Cross Border Issues)." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2596.

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The rise of consumer concerns of trust issue in e-commerce is due to the fact that when disputes occur in the cross-border environment, what is the level of protections (redress) that is available and which jurisdictions that is applicable and enforceable. This paper discuss the issue that with the current three major redress mechanisms, Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), Country of Origin and Country of Destination. Yet, consumers trust still an issue. It is well recognized that Cross Border environment and Jurisdiction that give rise to the concerns. This paper raises perhaps more important issues that relate to the gap and loophole that be living in the three redress mechanisms and jurisdictions.
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Kasirajan, Merlin, M. A. Hannan Bin Azhar, and Scott Turner. "Trustworthy Insights: A Novel Multi-Tier Explainable Framework for Ambient Assisted Living." In 2023 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom60117.2023.00357.

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Reports on the topic "Living trusts"

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Stoye, George, Isabel Stockton, and Carol Propper. Cost of living and the impact on nursing labour outcomes in NHS acute trusts. The IFS, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2021.0185.

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Williams, Thomas. Cell Life Cycles Top Trumps: Deluxe. University of Dundee, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001285.

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All living things from whole people to single cells and even viruses have life cycles. Explore the weird and wonderful world of life cycles at the level of the cell in this top trumps inspired game. Print and cut out the cards, then play anywhere you want! The deluxe edition contains fantastic new artwork from artist Emily Gullberg. Great for 2-3 people age 6+, lasts around 10 mins per game.
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Williams, Thomas. Cell Biology Board Game: Cell Life Cycle Top Trumps. University of Dundee, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001277.

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All living things from whole people to single cells and even viruses have life cycles. Explore the weird and wonderful world of life cycles at the level of the cell in this top trumps inspired game. Print and cut out the cards, then play anywhere you want!
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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Tabitha Hrynick, Jillian Schulte, Charlie Forgacz-Cooper, and Santiago Ripoll. COVID-19 Vaccines and (Mis)Trust among Minoritised Youth in Ealing, London, United Kingdom. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.010.

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This brief explains youth perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and outlines key considerations for engaging with and building trust among young people living in Ealing, London. Within the category of ‘young people,’ there are differences in vaccination based on age and ethnicity. This brief is based on research, including a review of the literature and in-depth interviews and focus groups with 62 youth across Ealing to contextualise youth perspectives of COVID-19 vaccination and highlight themes of trust/distrust. We contribute ethnographic and participatory evidence to quantitative evaluations of vaccine roll-out. Key considerations for addressing youth distrust regarding the COVID-19 vaccine are presented, followed by additional regional context. This work builds on a previous SSHAP brief on vaccine equity in Ealing. This brief was produced by SSHAP in collaboration with partners in Ealing. It was authored by Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Jillian Schulte (Case Western Reserve University), Charlie Forgacz-Cooper (Youth Advisory Board), and Santiago Ripoll (IDS), in collaboration with Steve Curtis (Ealing Council), Hena Gooroochurn (Ealing Council), Bollo Brook Youth Centre, and Janpal Basran (Southall Community Alliance), and reviews by Helen Castledine (Ealing Public Health), Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: USA and UK fund (CRUSA210022). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Boyes, Allison, Jamie Bryant, Alix Hall, and Elise Mansfield. Barriers and enablers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to accessing timely cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment. The Sax Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/ieoy3254.

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• Older adults have complex and unique needs that can influence how and when cancer is diagnosed, the types of treatment that are offered, how well treatment is tolerated and treatment outcomes. • This Evidence Check review identified 41 studies that specifically addressed barriers and enablers to cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment among adults aged 65 years and older. • Question 1: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to access and participate in timely cancer screening relate to lack of knowledge, fear of cancer, negative beliefs about the consequences of cancer, and hygiene concerns in completing testing. The main enablers to participation in timely cancer screening include positive/helpful beliefs about screening, social influences that encourage participation and knowledge. • Question 2: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to access and/or seek timely cancer diagnosis relate to lack of knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cancer that are distinct from existing conditions and ageing, healthcare accessibility difficulties, perceived inadequate clinical response from healthcare providers, and harmful patient beliefs about risk factors and signs of cancer. The main enablers to accessing and/or seeking a timely cancer diagnosis include knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cancer, and support from family and friends that encourage help-seeking for symptoms. • Question 3: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer in accessing and completing cancer treatment include discrimination against patients in the form of ageism, lack of knowledge, patient concern about the adverse effects of treatment, predominantly on their independence, healthcare accessibility difficulties including travel and financial burden, and patients’ caring responsibilities. The main enablers to accessing and completing cancer treatment are social support from peers in a similar situation, family and friends, the influence of healthcare providers, and involving patients in treatment decision making. • Implications. The development of strategies to address the inequity of cancer outcomes in people aged 65 years and older in NSW should consider: ­ Increasing community members’ and patients’ knowledge and awareness by providing written information and decision support tools from a trusted source ­ Reducing travel and financial burden by widely disseminating information about existing support schemes and expanding remote patient monitoring and telehealth ­ Improving social support by promoting peer support, and building the support capacity of family carers ­ Addressing ageism by supporting patients in decision making, and disseminating education initiatives about geriatric oncology to healthcare providers ­ Providing interdisciplinary geriatric oncology care by including a geriatrician as part of multidisciplinary teams and/or expanding geriatric oncology clinics.
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Hakmeh, Joyce, Emily Taylor, Allison Peters, and Sophia Ignatidou. The COVID-19 pandemic and trends in technology. Royal Institute of International Affairs, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784134365.

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Focusing on the dynamics between governments and big tech, on cybercrime, and on disinformation and fake news, this paper examines some of the risks that have been highlighted and aggravated as societies have transitioned at speed to a more virtual way of living. The COVID-19 pandemic has been called the ‘great accelerator’ of digital transformation, with technology at the forefront of countries’ response to the crisis. The experience of the past year has underscored that tech governance must be based on human-centric values that protect the rights of individuals but also work towards a public good. In the case of the development of track-and-trace apps, for instance, a successful solution should simultaneously be both respectful of individual privacy and robust from a cybersecurity perspective, while also effectively serving essential epidemiological goals. Ensuring a sound approach to tech policy has been made all the more complex by the context of the pandemic, as decision-makers have found themselves having to respond swiftly and decisively in a public health emergency. While there is considerable uncertainty as to the long-term consequences of their responses, the paper’s authors emphasize that a whole-of-society approach is needed that will restore and build greater public trust in the ability of governments and public-serving bodies to protect them, respect their rights and ensure the information they receive is solid and reliable.
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Vallerani, Sara, Elizabeth Storer, and Costanza Torre. Key Considerations: Equitable Engagement to Promote COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Undocumented Urban Migrants. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.013.

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This brief sets out key considerations linked to the promotion of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among undocumented migrants residing in Rome, Italy. We focus on strategies to equitably distribute COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from Italy is applicable to other contexts where vaccine administration is tied to “vaccine passports” or “immunity passes”. Undocumented migrants have been considered as some of the “hardest to reach” groups to engage in COVID-19 vaccination outreach. This brief uses the term undocumented migrant or migrant for brevity, but we refer to people living without formal Italian citizenship, refugee status or right to remain in Italy. This brief explores the everyday context of undocumented migrants lives, and how experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated difficult conditions. It links emerging vulnerabilities to perceptions of vaccines, and we suggest that migrants orientate themselves towards the vaccines within frameworks which prioritise economic survival. In many cases, migrants have accepted a COVID-19 vaccine to access paid employment, yet this has often generated mistrust in the state and healthcare system. Accordingly, this brief considers how vaccines can be distributed equitably to boost trust and inclusion in the post-pandemic world. This brief draws primarily on the ethnographic evidence collected through interviews and observations with undocumented migrants in Rome, along with civil society representatives and health workers between December 2021 and January 2022. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Sara Vallerani (Rome Tre University), Elizabeth Storer (LSE) and Costanza Torre (LSE). It was reviewed by Santiago Ripoll (IDS, University of Sussex), with further reviews by Paolo Ruspini (Roma Tre University) and Eloisa Franchi (Université Paris Saclay, Pavia University). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210058). Research was based at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa, London School of Economics. The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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Bano, Masooda. Curricula that Respond to Local Needs: Analysing Community Support for Islamic and Quranic Schools in Northern Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/103.

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Involving local communities in school management is seen to be crucial to improving the quality of education in state schools in developing countries; yet school-based management committees remain dormant in most such contexts. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with a rich network of community-supported Islamic and Quranic schools in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria—a sub-Saharan African region with very low education indicators, low economic growth, and political and social instability—this paper shows how making school curricula responsive to local value systems and economic opportunities is key to building a strong sense of community ownership of schools. Under community-based school management committees, control over more substantive educational issues—such as the content of school curricula and the nature of aspirations and concepts of a good life that it promotes among the students—remains firmly in the hands of the government education authorities, who on occasion also draw on examples from other countries and expertise offered by international development agencies when considering what should be covered. The paper shows that, as in the case of the urban areas, rural communities or those in less-developed urban centres lose trust in state schools when the low quality of education provided results in a failure to secure formal-sector employment. But the problem is compounded in these communities, because while state schools fail to deliver on the promise of formal-sector employment, the curriculum does promote a concept of a good life that is strongly associated with formal-sector employment and urban living, which remains out of reach for most; it also promotes liberal values, which in the local communities' perception are associated with Western societies and challenge traditional values and authority structures. The outcomes of such state schooling, in the experience of rural communities, are frustrated young people, unhappy with the prospect of taking up traditional jobs, and disrespectful of parents and of traditional authority structures. The case of community support for Islamic and Quranic schools in northern Nigeria thus highlights the need to consider the production of localised curricula and to adjust concepts of a good life to local contexts and economic opportunities, as opposed to adopting a standardised national curriculum which promotes aspirations that are out of reach.
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McKenna, Patrick, and Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.

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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.
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