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Academic literature on the topic 'Lixiviation des nitrates'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lixiviation des nitrates"
Aghzar, N., H. Berdai, A. Bellouti, and B. Soudi. "Pollution nitrique des eaux souterraines au Tadla (Maroc)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 459–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705465ar.
Full textMa, Xi Xi, and Jian Jun Yuan. "Study on the Leaching of Sodium Nitrate from Nitratine." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2539.
Full textDONNARS, C., P. CELLIER, and J. L. PEYRAUD. "Nouvelles de la recherche : expertise sur les flux d’azote liés aux élevages." INRAE Productions Animales 25, no. 4 (October 2, 2012): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2012.25.4.3226.
Full textPérez Díaz, José Pedro, Héctor Manuel Ortega Escobar, Carlos Ramírez Ayala, Héctor Flores Magdaleno, Edgar Iván Sánchez Bernal, Álvaro Can Chulim, and Oscar Raúl Mancilla Villa. "Nitrate, phosphate and boron content in wastewater for crop irrigation in Mezquital Valley, Hidalgo." Nova Scientia 10, no. 21 (September 7, 2018): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.21640/ns.v10i21.1478.
Full textMIGNOLET, C., M. BENOIT, and D. SAINTOT. "Systèmes d’élevage et risque de pollution azotée. Construction d’un indicateur de risque et application dans la plaine des Vosges." INRAE Productions Animales 10, no. 4 (October 8, 1997): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1997.10.4.4002.
Full textAudry, S., O. S. Pokrovsky, L. S. Shirokova, S. N. Kirpotin, and B. Dupré. "Organic matter mineralization and trace element post-depositional redistribution in Western Siberia thermokarst lake sediments." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 30, 2011): 8845–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-8845-2011.
Full textAudry, S., O. S. Pokrovsky, L. S. Shirokova, S. N. Kirpotin, and B. Dupré. "Organic matter mineralization and trace element post-depositional redistribution in Western Siberia thermokarst lake sediments." Biogeosciences 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2011): 3341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3341-2011.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Lixiviation des nitrates"
Jego, Guillaume. "Influence des activités agricoles sur la pollution nitrique des eaux souterraines : analyse par modélisation des impacts des systèmes de grande culture sur les fuites de nitrate dans les plaines alluviales." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/469/.
Full textIt is now, well recognized that agricultural activities are responsible for an important part of the groundwater nitrate pollution. The case of the alluvial plains is particularly interesting because they associate the presence of a rich and deep soil, very favourable to the agriculture, and shallow alluvial groundwater. In this work we are interested in two types of alluvial plain. The alluvial plain of the Alegria River (Pays-Basque, Spain) represent the case of an alluvial plain with a small river. The recharge of the aquifer is mainly made by the infiltration and the percolation of the water through the not saturated zone of the soil. In such situation the nitrate leaching under the agricultural plots influences significantly the groundwater nitrate concentrations. The modelling of two crops (a potato crop in 1993 and a sugar beet crop in 2002) with the model the STICS soil-crop allowed on one hand to confirm that the agricultural practices had a significant impact on the evolution of the groundwater nitrate concentrations, and on the other hand to explain partially the decrease of the concentrations which was observed between the studies (between 1993 and 2002). The alluvial plain of the Garonne corresponds to a situation where the groundwater solutes concentrations are influenced by the exchanges between not saturated zone and the groundwater but also by the exchanges between groundwater and river. The coupling of the STICS model outputs (drainage and concentration in nitrate) with the hydro-biogeochemical model 2SWEM allowed to simulate these two types of interactions, and so, on one hand to explain the spatial distribution of the groundwater nitrate concentrations, and on the other hand to estimate the impact of modifications of the agricultural practices on these concentrations (notably the effect of the catch crop)
Isch, Arnaud. "Caractérisation de la dynamique hydrique et du transport de solutés en sol nu soumis à des apports répétés de Produits Résiduaires Organiques : application au risque de lixiviation des nitrates." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH012/document.
Full textAn instrumented experimental bare soil site including three plots (90 m²) and six lysimeters (4 m²) has enabled to study the influence of repeated sewage sludge (SS) applications, as well as the same sewage sludge composted with green waste (SGW), on (i) the soil physicochemical and hydric properties ; (ii) the transport of bromide ions ; (iii) the organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization dynamics in soil. Finally, fitting the governing hydraulic parameters and the organic matter decomposition parameters in each soil horizon allowed a satisfying description of the experimentally observed water and bromide and nitrate ions transport in soil. These results will help conceive long-term agronomical scenarios aimed at providing more efficient answers to the new requirements of environmental protection and waste recycling policies
Ould, Mohamed Saleck-Abdelkader. "Etude du fonctionnement hydrique hivernal d'un sol limono-argileux de Petite Beauce : application d'un modèle d'infiltration et incidence sur la lixiviation du nitrate." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2055.
Full textCheloufi, Hamid. "Étude du devenir de fertilisants azotés minéraux dans quatre types de sols cultivés Lorrains : conséquences agronomiques et écologiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL069N.
Full textLesur, Claire. "Cultiver Miscanthus x giganteus en parcelles agricoles : du diagnostic agro-environnemental à la conception-évaluation ex ante de systèmes de culture à vocation énergétique." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0084/document.
Full textSecond-generation biofuels could provide renewable energy while reducing the globaleconomy dependence on oil and mitigating climate change. However, their greenhouse gasemission balances, as well as their energy and environmental balances, are discussed,especially when they are produced from agricultural feedstock. The use of agriculturalfeedstock for energy purposes also raises the issue of competition with food production. Inthis context, this work contributes to the assessment of the sustainability of Miscanthus xgiganteus, a perennial C4 crop candidate to the production of second-generation ethanol. Theobjectives of this work are (i) to achieve a multicriteria evaluation of cropping systems basedon M. Giganteus using data collected in farmers’ fields and (ii) to compare these croppingsystems with cropping systems including other resources Agricultural candidates for biofuelproduction. The main contributions of this work are (i) the study of the variability of yieldsand winter nitrate losses in a network of commercial fields located in Burgundy (France), (ii)the characterization by modeling of M. giganteus long-term yield evolution and (iii) theintegration of these findings in a process of cropping systems design and assessment aimingat comparing M. giganteus with other feedstock candidate to the production of bioethanol.The study of M. giganteus in farmers’ fields shows that the high variability of yields andnitrate losses is linked to (i) crop age, (ii) soil type and (iii) the type of field (i.e. culturalhistory, size, shape, and environment). Contrasting yield scenarios, built by combining datacollected in commercial fields with a long-term yield evolution model, show that thesensitivity of assessment results regarding yields depends on the assessment field. Theinsertion of M. giganteus in a cropping system can significantly improve the greenhouse gasemission balance as well as the environmental balance, compared with a cropping systembased on a short cropping sequence. Economic results depend strongly on M. giganteus yield.Other agricultural feedstocks are also interesting, especially on soils where the yield potentialof M. giganteus is low: this is particularly the case of alfalfa stems, which can be used forsecond-generation ethanol production
Lacombe, Simon. "Diminution des pertes du nitrate par lixiviation et augmentation de la diversité microbienne dans les systèmes agroforestiers." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4786.
Full textJebli, Mouad. "Caractérisation à l'échelle locale des propriétés mécaniques de l'interphase pâte de ciment-granulat : application à la lixiviation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT339/document.
Full textIn this work, we presents an experimental study to characterize the mechanical properties at the local scale of the cement paste-aggregate interface during hydration and during chemical degradation by leaching.It is generally accepted that the microstructure of the interface between the aggregates and the cement paste is characterized by a higher porosity than that of cement paste. This makes this zone a weak point in the concrete. The particular properties of this zone strongly influence the mechanical behavior of concrete. In this work, the mechanical properties of the cement paste-aggregate composite, are experimentally studied. The experimental tests are performed on composites at classical aggregate scale (one centimeter of section). These composite are composed by and Portland cement paste and aggregate. The cement paste is prepared with a water/cement ratio of 0.5. The shape of the prepared composites makes them convenient for direct tensile and shear tests. At different stages of hydration, we performed direct tensile and shear tests on the composites by means of specific devices. The same tests were carried out on the cement paste in order to compare with composites results. The shape of the prepared composites makes them convenient to characterize the cement paste-aggregate interface. At different stages of hydration, the composites are subjected to compression tests, direct tensile tests or shear tests. The study of the mechanical properties of the cement-aggregates interface revealed that the cement paste-aggregate interface is the weakest zone in the composite.An experimental protocol was developed to study the effects of calcium leaching mechanism at the cement paste-aggregate interface on the mechanical properties of the concrete. As the process of leaching with the deionised water occurs very slowly, the experimental study in the laboratory is accelerated by replacing the water by ammonium nitrate solution. To quantify the development and kinetics of degradation at the cemented bond, the concrete leaching fronts are characterized at different levels of degradation by using phenolphthalein. Local mechanical tests (compression, tensile and shear) are performed on composite and cement paste at different stages of degradation. The experimental results show that there is a leaching effect on the alteration of the mechanical properties at the cement paste-aggregate interface
Benoit, Marie. "Les fuites d'azote en grandes cultures céréalières : Lixiviation et émissions atmosphériques dans des systèmes biologiques et conventionnels du bassin de la Seine (France)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066540/document.
Full textIn the past decades, intensive conventional farming (CF) has led to nitrogen (N) losses in the environment, due to nitrate (NO3-) leaching and to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We assumed that organic farming (OF) could contribute in reducing these losses. Therefore, the main aim of this PhD study is to measure and quantify N losses in different spatial scales (process, farm, catchment) and different arable cops systems (OF/CF) in the Seine basin.At the farm scale, the OF rotation reduce by 28% N2O emissions and by 25% NO3 leached. At the processes scale, nitrification, denitrification and their N2O emissions associated, according to a range of temperatures (5-45°C) showed Gaussian curves. At the Orgeval basin scale, the N balance showed OF system (a preventive measure) would allow to reduce diffused N pollution without increasing N2O emissions, differently from the implementation of ponds (a curative measure).Finally, 18 arable crop systems (8 OF, 10 CF) have been equipped with ceramic cups in the Seine basin. At the rotation scale, the sub-root concentrations means were 10.1 ± 3.4 mg N l-1 for the OF systems (with alfalfa in the head of the rotation) and 16.6 ± 10.3 mg N l-1 for the CF systems. The sub-root concentrations converted in the N flow led to 15.3 ± 9.7 kg N ha-1 in OF and 27 ± 24.7 kg N ha-1 in CF, depending on farms in different soil and climate conditions
Gratecap, Jean-Baptiste. "Agriculture biologique et qualité des eaux dans des aires d’alimentation de captage : diversité des postures techniques d’agriculteurs conventionnels et biologiques et pressions nitrate et pesticide induites." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0059/document.
Full textMany problems with nitrate and pesticide contamination from agriculture exist in European drinking water catchments. In France, a new mitigation approach aims at preventing water quality degradation in explicitly targeting agricultural non-point source pollutions associated with leaching of nitrates and pesticides. This work aims at assessing the opportunity to develop organic farming in water catchment areas in order to reduce nitrate and pesticide leaching from root zone. The objective was to analyze both i) feasibility of conversions to organic farming on farms concerned by water preservation and ii) the potential impacts of these conversions in terms of nitrate and pesticide leaching reduction.To explore the potential contribution of organic farming in water catchment areas, we develop an innovative typology approach to characterize farmers’ conceptions and strategies related to cropping systems’ organization on the farm territory. Our method was tested in two French water catchment areas characterized by diversified production systems, where semi-structured interviews were carried out with conventional and organic farmers. Resulting typologies of farmers were used to assess leaching risks variability related with current cropping systems and to identify potential similarities between conventional and organic farmers’ conceptions. Nitrate and pesticide leaching risks for cropping systems were assessed and spatialized by using four agro-environmental indicators. Our results show major variations for all indicators at both study sites, for example N-surpluses which range from -105 to 192 kg N ha-1 year-1. These variations are deeply related with diversity of farmers’ conceptions summarized in typologies. To assess proximity of conventional farmers to organic farming, we used typologies to compare conceptions related to organization of cropping systems between conventional and organic farmers. By analyzing specificities of organic farmers’ conceptions, we determined three main criteria of proximity to organic farming; these criteria were then used to identify various degrees of proximity to organic farming among conventional farmers in the catchment areas.To assess potential contribution of organic farming to water preservation in catchment areas, we firstly compared nitrate leaching risks between conventional and organic cropping systems. Our results reveal low leaching risks from organic systems, characterized by reduced N-surpluses and lower bare soils frequencies in autumn. According to these results, massive development of organic farming should decrease nitrate leaching in our two water catchment areas. However, analysis of similarities between conventional and organic farmers’ conceptions shows that a majority of farmers are characterized by a low level of proximity to organic farming. Moreover, the farmers who show strongest similarities with organic farmers’ conceptions are already those with low leaching risks cropping systems. To significantly lower nitrate leaching risks, conversions should concern conventional farmers with low degree of proximity to organic farming
Gay, Frédéric. "Elaboration d'une méthode d'évaluation des risques de pollution nitrique et des pertes de rendement en parcelles agricoles : application à la gestion des irrigations en culture de laitues sous abri froid." Montpellier, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSA0021.
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