Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lixiviation microbienne'
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Battaglia-Brunet, Fabienne. "Optimisation de la lixiviation bactérienne d'un concentré de pyrite cobaltifère." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11039.
Full textPestre, Cyril. "Evaluation du rôle des activités microbiennes dans le devenir de déchets essentiellement minéraux en fonction du scénarion de valorisation ou de stockage." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0047/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to develop a methodology for evaluating potential microbial activities on solid waste, mainly mineral but containing a significant fraction of organic matter, according to possible scenarios of use. In a first time, a literature synthesis is proposed. It speaks about the fundamental aspects about the biodeterioration of mineral waste and realizes a synthesis of existing procedures about bio-physico-chemical evaluation of waste. Then, the study aims to see the relevance and adaptability of existing biodeterioration evaluation tests and overall the monitoring of the behavior of waste in various scenarios of management (reuse or storage). Using these observations, adaptations or new procedures were developed in order to propose a general methodology allowing to evaluate the biodeterioration of waste mainly mineral. [. . . ]The waste of this work show that in most cases, tests with long durations of incubation are to be privileged because the microbial activity sometimes requires very long adaptation phases (for example, a production of methane was observed after 500 days of incubation). Although test duration is important in the development of microbial activity, data statistical analysis showed that it did not play the main part in the variability of the results obtained but that the difference between wastes and mainly the conditions of incubation tested (incubation conditions on solid, in suspension, aerobic or anaerobic conditions, with or without addition of nutritive elements…) were predominant. In mineral wastes, the microbial activity is generally not favored by the very alkaline conditions and the lack of nutritive resources (in particular organic matter). Nevertheless, according to incubation conditions, the DNA molecular analysis of the populations by DGGE shows that populations are very well established and develop according to the matrices physicochemical modifications. This alteration can be directly or indirectly related to the micro-organisms activities and involve an increase in solubility of the metallic pollutants (Pb, Cu, Cr, and Zn). Indeed, the study showed that the physicochemical evolution of the wastes influences their microbiological evolution and conversely. There are strong interactions between physiochemical and microbiological evolutions
Pestre, Cyril Bayard Rémy Gourdon Rémy. "Evaluation du rôle des activités microbiennes dans le devenir de déchets essentiellement minéraux en fonction du scénarion de valorisation ou de stockage." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=pestre.
Full textTitre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 327-344. Liste de normes et de guides méthodologiques p. 346-347.
Hugues, Patrick d'. "Biolixiviation d'une pyrite cobaltifère : optimisation des conditions de culture et bilans gazeux." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11062.
Full textCézac, Pierre. "Analyse d'un réacteur de biolixiviation : approche expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT021G.
Full textCavazza, Christine. "La chaîne respiratoire entre le fer ferreux et l'oxygène chez Thiobacillus ferrooxidans : caractérisation de nouvelles protéines d'oxydoréduction périplasmiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11065.
Full textCastaner, Nathalie. "Etude de l'oxydation bactérienne de composes soufres en vue de l'application au traitement de sols pollués par des métaux." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0040.
Full textFrance, as other industrialized countries, has on its territory many sites contaminated by metallic or organic pollutants. Specific remediation technologies have been developed, mainly in North. America, and other technologies used for the treatment of solids wastes have also been adapted to the treatment of contaminated technologies include physical chemical methods (such as stabilization/solidification, vitrification, electroreclamation, extraction), thermal processes (desorption,. . . ) and containment. Biological process are still relatively rarely applied for metallic pollutant. Bioleaching is a potentially applicable method which has been studied in this work. The method is currently used at industrial level for metal recovery from low-grade ores (bio-hydro-metallurgy based on bacterial / oxidation of metal sulfide). In first step, experiments have been conducted on the oxidation of ZnS and CdS in order to validate own experimental approach. Then. ' the study focused on the oxidation of sulfur with the Objective to couple the production of sulfuric acid by Thiobacillus thioox. Idans with the leaching of metals from the contaminated soil. A kinetic mod has been developed for the bacterial oxidation of sulfur. In a second step, the process has been tested on a real soil from an industrial site contaminated by zinc, copper, lead and arsenic, Feasibility study conducted in shaker t1asks resulted in the extraction of 50% of zinc and 40% of copper, but was inefficient on the other 2 elements. Further studies conducted on laboratory-scale lysimeters containing 4 kg of soil to simulate heap extraction indicate that limiting factor reduced the yield of stabilization to around 10%. Results indicate that the process should be tested on other contaminated soils to evaluate better its applicability, and that the model of sulfur oxidation should be developed ta take into account limiting factors such as the diffusion of oxygen ad nutriments in the soil layer
Malarte, Guillaume. "Voie d'oxydation aérobie du fer ferreux chez Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11055.
Full textAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chimiolithotrophic organism which used ferrous iron, elemental sulphur and reduced sulphur compounds like energy source. This bacterium is used in the industriel processus of biolixiviation for precous metals extraction. Studie of the iron oxidation pathway has enabled to characterize differents metalloproteins involved in the electron transfer : cytochrome c4 CYC41, cytochrome c Cyc2, rsticyanin and cytochrome c oxidase. We have performed the heterologue synthesis of CYC41 in the neutrophilic bacterium E. Coli to study le folding mechanism of this cytochrome. 3D structure resolution of CYC41 has enabled to determine mechanisms involved in the stabilisation of this cytochrome at acidic pH. We have shown that CYC41. Transfer electrons from rusticyanin to cytochrome c oxidase with an “electron wire” mechanism. We have shown that all metalloproteins involved in the ferrous iron oxidation pathway are organised in a super-complex structur. Our results are agree with the genetic organisation metalloproteins coding genes in the rus operon
Lacombe, Simon. "Diminution des pertes du nitrate par lixiviation et augmentation de la diversité microbienne dans les systèmes agroforestiers." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4786.
Full textDziurla, Marie-Antoinette. "Contribution à l'étude de réactions à l'interface bactérie-minéral au cours de la lixiviation de minéraux sulfurés (pyrites) par Thiobacillus ferrooxidans." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0416_DZIURLA.pdf.
Full textGourdon, Rémy. "Traitement d'un lixiviat de décharge en filtre bactérien anaérobie : -étude cinétique de l’épuration de la fraction organique facilement biodégradable (acides gras volatiles) ; - analyse de la fraction organique non biodégradée." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0004.
Full textDjazouli, Nasr-Eddine. "Biolixiviation du sulfure de cadmium en présence de thiobacillus ferrooxiadans : optimisation des paramètres opératoires et réalisation d'un procédé en cuve agitée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0393.
Full textCastelle, Cindy. "Respiration du fer ferreux chez les microorganismes acidophiles : organisation en supercomplexe et rôle d'une protéine accessoire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11067.pdf.
Full textAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic chemolithoautotrophic gram-negative bacterium that derives energy from the oxidation of Fe(ll) ions, elemental sulfur and various sulfur compounds at pH 2 using oxygen as electron acceptor. This organism is the main bacterium used in the industrial extraction of copper and uranium from ores using the microbial leaching technique. The study of this bacterium presents economic and fundamental biological interests. Lt oxidizes metal sulfides like pyrite, thereby enabling solubilisation and valorization of precious metals. Acidithiobacillus contains various soluble (cytochromes c4. Rusticyanin) and membrane-bound (aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase. Cytochrome Cyc2) electron carriers suspected to be involved in electron transfer from Fe(ll) ions to molecular oxygen. We have shown, after membrane solubilisation. Purification and proteomics analysis, that proteins encoded by the rus operon are associated in a macromolecular complex in this bacterium: the outer membrane-bound cytochrome c Cyc2. The periplasmlc soluble cytochrome c4 Cycl and rusticyanin, the inner membrane-bound cytochrome c oxidase and an hypothetical membrane-bound protein ORFI which function is still unknown. This complex contains also proteins from the be complex (encoded by the petI operon) and a major outer membrane protein OMP40. Sequences analysis has shown that ORFI might be a chaperon for cytochrome c oxidase maturation and Cu fixation. EPR analysis revealed that this protein probably contains Cu. The multiprotein complex is functionally active as measured by kinetics experiments using Fe(ll) ions as electron donor. This is the fnst characterization of a complex containing soluble and membranous proteins from outer and inner membrane from an acidophilic bacterium. This association in a supercomplex allows a direct electron transfer from Fe(ll) ions to cytochrome oxidase to minimize energetic losses
Abdelgafour, Djamila. "Epuration biologique des effluents a forte charge." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0045.
Full textToniazzo, Valérie. "Approche des mécanismes d'oxydation de la pyrite par thiobacillus ferrooxidans grâce à la modélisation morpho-chimique de la surface minérale : Rôle fondamental des phases superficielles oxydées." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0076_TONIAZZO.pdf.
Full textPoly, Franck. "Réponses des communautés bactériennes telluriques à des perturbations chimiques complexes : activités potentielles et empreintes génétiques." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO19001.
Full textHondjuila, Miokono Eminence Dorelle. "Biodétérioration de mortiers avec une succession de bactéries sulfo-oxydantes neutrophiles et acidophiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10017.
Full textBiodeterioration of mortars was investigated in a specific test implementing Halothiobacillus neapolitanus as neutrophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans as acidophilic SOB. This test has allowed achieving into laboratory a bacterial succession as observed in the sewer pipes. The originality of this test results from the multidisciplinary approach that considers the impact of the mortar on the BSO, the chemical and microstructure evolution of the mortar. The intensity of the attack was defined by an attack index (AI) which takes into account the sulfuric acid production of SOB, the chemical elements leaching by mortar and it physical evolution. Whatever the BSO considered, mortar made from calcium aluminate cement (CAC) has a better resistance than the Portland cement mortar (OPC), therefore a smaller AI. The best performance of the CAC mortar, more pronounced with H. neapolitanus, could not be connected to the higher release of aluminum in solution. By cons, it has been shown that in the presence of CAC mortar, H. neapolitanus decreases faster the pH of the medium to 3 and accumulates tetrathionate and sulfur in solution. This accumulation induces less acid biogeneration, from where the slightest mortar attacks. Thus, the performance of the CAC mortar is mainly due to its resistance to biodeterioration during neutrophilic stage when the attack is weak. To estimate the potential performance of mortar formulations, it seems preferable to experiment with H. neapolitanus instead of A. thiooxidans as commonly used
Garcia, Ochoa Jorge. "Hydrodynamique, transferts et réaction biochimique dans une colonne à bulles à solide suspendu destinée à la biolixiviation de pyrites." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL078N.
Full textHondjuila, Miokono Eminence Dorelle. "Biodétérioration de mortiers avec une succession de bactéries sulfo-oxydantes neutrophiles et acidophiles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10017/document.
Full textBiodeterioration of mortars was investigated in a specific test implementing Halothiobacillus neapolitanus as neutrophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans as acidophilic SOB. This test has allowed achieving into laboratory a bacterial succession as observed in the sewer pipes. The originality of this test results from the multidisciplinary approach that considers the impact of the mortar on the BSO, the chemical and microstructure evolution of the mortar. The intensity of the attack was defined by an attack index (AI) which takes into account the sulfuric acid production of SOB, the chemical elements leaching by mortar and it physical evolution. Whatever the BSO considered, mortar made from calcium aluminate cement (CAC) has a better resistance than the Portland cement mortar (OPC), therefore a smaller AI. The best performance of the CAC mortar, more pronounced with H. neapolitanus, could not be connected to the higher release of aluminum in solution. By cons, it has been shown that in the presence of CAC mortar, H. neapolitanus decreases faster the pH of the medium to 3 and accumulates tetrathionate and sulfur in solution. This accumulation induces less acid biogeneration, from where the slightest mortar attacks. Thus, the performance of the CAC mortar is mainly due to its resistance to biodeterioration during neutrophilic stage when the attack is weak. To estimate the potential performance of mortar formulations, it seems preferable to experiment with H. neapolitanus instead of A. thiooxidans as commonly used
Hajj, Chehade Mohamad. "Biodétérioration de mortiers armés par Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10183/document.
Full textThe aim of this PHD is to study the biodeterioration of reinforced mortar by bacteria of the gender A. thiooxidans known for its fast alteration of mortar and concrete in sewer system. The objectives of this study consisted on the development of a new experimental device that allow on one hand to understand and quantify the different biological, chemical and physical mechanisms that may take place in concrete biodeterioration, and on the other hand to serve as basic reactor for an accelerated biodeterioration test allowing the discrimination of new reinforced mortar formulations mainly Portland cement (OPC) and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) formulations. The experimental device consists of a biolixivation of reinforced mortar by a A. thiooxidans bacterial suspension at pH lower than 2. A study of growth conditions of A. thiooxidans in a specific media for this bacterial strain was necessary to procure a reproducible biolixivation essay. At the end of the biolixiviation test the CAC and OPC mortar presented different mineralogy deteriorated zones. One deeply distorted zone in contact with bacterial suspension, a second intermediate zone less damaged than the first one and the cement untouched core. An estimated attack index confirmed that CAC mortars are much more resistant to biodeterioration than OPC cement. Hence the performed biolixivation essay helped to evaluate the performance of various cementitious material formulations in order to prevent biodeterioration by A. thiooxidans. Electrochemical analysis of mortar incorporated armatures demonstrated that CAC mortar composition shows a more protective effect than OPC cement displaying lower corrosion intensity
Leistenschneider, David. "Physical and chemical toxicity of microplastics on marine organisms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS283.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis is to better decipher the chemical and physical impact of plastic on marine organisms. Plastic chemical toxicity either originates from the leaching of plastics chemicals or through the adsorption of pollutants at plastic surfaces. Since leaching experiments in the literature were performed with short leaching time, leaching until 8 months was performed. The subsequent toxicity and inorganic composition of the leachates were analyzed. Pollutants adsorption on plastic surfaces was mainly studied in laboratories and focused on the marine environment. Therefore, an in situ experiment, along nine European rivers, was realized in order to observe the depth of inorganic and organic pollutants adsorption and their subsequent toxicity. Articles assessing the physical impact of plastic often use concentrations decorrelated from the environment. Therefore, a chronic experiment with environmentally relevant concentrations and shape of microplastics was performed in order to better decipher their current toxicity in the environment
Hubau, Agathe. "Conception d'un procédé de biolixiviation pour la valorisation des métaux contenus dans les déchets de cartes électroniques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC001.
Full textSpent Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are today raising attention because they contain almost 35% of metals including precious and strategic metals even at greater concentration than in primary resources (for instance, gold and copper are 25 to 250 times and 20 to 40 times more concentrated in spent PCBs than in ores, respectively). Consequently, spent PCBs are becoming a valuable resource, while the lack of an appropriate treatment could be a cause of environmental pollution. Today, high-grade PCBs are treated by pyrometallurgy to recover precious metals but many strategic metals are lost in the slag during this operation and the energy-cost of such processes is more and more disadvantageous. Therefore, the design of energy-efficient and cost-effective new processes capable to perform efficient metal recovery from PCBs is particularly important. Emerging techniques based on mechanical processes and hydrometallurgy appear as alternative solutions. In particular, biohydrometallurgy could be very promising. In the literature, few studies deal with the use of bioleaching for the treatment of spent PCBs by means of acidophilic microorganisms, which are mainly ferro and sulfo-oxidant. It allows the recovery of different metals such as Cu, Ni, Zn, etc. In the present study, a double-stage continuous bioreactor was designed to bioleach comminuted spent printed circuit boards (PCB) of low and medium grade. This work is performed at IRCP (Chimie ParisTech) and at the BRGM, in partnership with GeoRessources and is funded by the Chair ParisTech Urban Mines, supported by Eco-systemes
Gouin, Jérôme. "Mode de genèse et valorisation des minerais de type black shales : cas du Kupferschiefer (Pologne) et des schistes noirs de Talvivaara (Finlande)." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287368.
Full textMonroy, Fernandez Marcos Gustavo. "Biolixiviation-cyanuration de minerais sulfurés aurifères dans des dispositifs de percolation : comportement des populations de Thiobacillus ferrooxidans et influence de la minéralogie et des conditions opératoires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_MONROY_FERNANDEZ_M_G.pdf.
Full textHaddadin, Jamal. "Études microbiologiques et cinétiques de la lixiviation bactérienne en réacteurs : effet de différents paramètres physico-chimiques, développement d'un procédé en réacteurs air-lift et lit-fluidisé et application à l'extraction de l'antimoine." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL063N.
Full textBolou, Bi Clarisse. "Caractérisation expérimentale des relations entre les bactéries des sols, les phyllosilicates et les solutions : modélisation et rôle des paramètres environnementaux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10016/document.
Full textThe bacteria play an important role in soil functioning and are also involved to the weathering of silicate minerals. The silicate weathering controlled the leaching of essential major mineral elements in solution, essential to maintaining soil fertility. However, although the main weathering processes of silicates are well known in aerobic (the proton- and ligand-promoted dissolution), this function of bacterial weathering of silicate minerals has never been used as a biological indicator of soil fertility. The first aim of this work was therefore to identify the process of weathering in two phyllosilicates by heterotrophic bacteria, using an empirical model of silicates weathering based on the activity of protons and ligands to identify and study the interactions between bacteria and minerals. Tracing of weathering processes by isotopic approach using stable isotopes of Mg has also been tested. The second aim was to correlate the “silicate weathering” function of bacterial communities of various soils in field conditions. This study confirms that the partial oxidation of glucose to organic acids is the predominant mechanism by which bacteria accelerate the leaching of elements under aerobic conditions during the weathering of biotite and phlogopite especially at pH close to neutrality. The empirical model used has been adapted to compare the initial release rate of iron in bacterial and abiotic weathering of micas to identify the two major processes involved. This approach highlighted the identification of phenotypes according to the metabolism and the competence of the bacterial strains used. The study with stable isotopes of Mg as tracers of weathering showed no fractionation during the proton- and ligand-promoted dissolution. Using the model in the second part of this work showed that the silicate weathering potential by microbial communities depends on their origin and in particular the contents of OM and nutrients of soil horizons sampled. Two strategies of silicate weathering in these communities have been identified: (1) the bacterial communities isolated from nutrient-rich horizons released few organic acids, but very chelating (strategy K), (2) communities isolated from nutrient-poor horizons release many low chelating organic acids (strategy r). The interdisciplinary approach proposed in this work to identify and characterize the weathering of phyllosilicates by soil heterotrophic bacteria or communities in different environments. It provides a original and promising tool for identifying functional to evaluate the quality of natural soils
Chéron, Jonathan. "Study of the bacterial microenvironment in a bioleaching stirred tank bioreactor : transport phenomena and kinetic modelling in three-phase flow." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2021_0237_CHERON.pdf.
Full textExtractive bioleaching is a range of technologies aiming at recovering metals contained in mineral resources using biological means. It was successfully implemented at the industrial scale and used either in the form of dump or heap treatments, or by using large-scale stirred tank reactors (STR). Recently, bioleaching is evolving towards the exploitation of unusual resources (very low-grades, complex mineralogy, or high sulphur content) caused by the declining trend in mean ore grades. Bioleaching STR have proven to be more efficient than the dump or heap treatments for the treatment of high-value resources (such as refractory gold ores) mainly thanks to the better control over the process. However, it still needs further technical optimization to reach economic viability in the case of unconventional resources. In this PhD work, a coupled bioleaching STR hydrokinetic model was developed to model and simulate the bacterial microenvironment / response to the local heterogeneities of the tank in order to establish optimization criteria. First, an experimental study was performed at laboratory-scale to obtain the data necessary for the calibration of the various models. This includes bioleaching tests in STR to gather kinetics parameters and abiotic studies to determine essential hydrodynamics parameters (Njs, kla). On a second study, a multi-scale solid-liquid CFD model was developed and simulated using various conditions of impeller geometries, solid concentrations, and agitation rates. The impact of these conditions on solid homogeneity and particle stress was assessed and basic sizing rules were extrapolated from the results. Lastly, a hydro-kinetic model of a multi-scale bioleaching STR was developed. For this, a CFD model describing the gas-liquid flow was developed and simplified using a compartment approach. This approach was modelled on MatLab and combined with previous results on kinetic and solid-liquid models. Finally, the compartment hydro-kinetic model was used to characterize the kinetics of bioleaching and was compared with experimental data
Khalfet, Ridha. "Étude d'une colonne à bulles à solide suspendu destinée à la biolixiviation de matières premières minérales : application à la biolixiviation de minerai de pyrite." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL127N.
Full textChaineau, Claude-Henri. "Devenir et effets des hydocarbures dans le cas de l'épandage extensif de déblais de forage en agrosystème." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL150N.
Full textGeorges, Valentin. "Comportement de matériaux cimentaires en eau douce naturelle : analyse de l’influence des micro-organismes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0220/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the behavior of cement pastes of different cement bases exposed to natural fresh water and on the interactions with the biological elements. This study is based on the comparative analysis of samples immersed in natural environment (Moselle) and in artificial laboratory media. Whatever the media and microorganisms considered, the results show a change in the mineralogy of the surface and the porous network of the samples (porosity rate, transfer properties). Laboratory tests highlighted the specific influence of bacteria in bioleaching phenomena. The bacterial count also shows that the density of cells present in the biofilm covering the samples does not mainly depend on the cementitious grade, except for the limestone cements. The SEM observations revealed the abundant presence of diatoms on all samples. Diatoms are partly covered by a mineral layer resulting from secondary crystallization. The colonization of the surface by these diatoms is influenced by the geometry and mineralogical nature of the samples. The results of laboratory tests have shown that they interact with cement paste; the evolution of diatom population densities coincides with changes in porosity characteristics (porosity rate, transfer properties)
Tasli, Samira. "Devenir de l'atrazine en culture de mais : études en plein champ -site de la Cote Saint André, Isère, France- et au laboratoire : recherche de solutions alternatives de traitement." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10209.
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