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Academic literature on the topic 'Lixiviation – Modèles mathématiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lixiviation – Modèles mathématiques"
Araújo, Alan Nunes, and Wanessa Pinheiro Prates. "MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICO-ESPACIAL NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE FRAGILIDADES AMBIENTAIS DA MICROBACIA DO RIO JARUCU, MUNICÍPIO DE BRASIL NOVO – PA." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 4, no. 12 (2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v4n12p207-226.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Lixiviation – Modèles mathématiques"
Bellenfant, Gaël. "Modélisation de la production de lixiviat en centre de stockage de déchets ménagers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_BELLENFANT_G.pdf.
Full textForecasting the quantity of leachate is a major issue in short and long term management of solid waste landfilI celIs, for environment protection as weIl as for financial aspects. We tried to assess the water budget at the scale of a landfilI celI in order to estimate the water fluxes inside wantes and at atmospheric interface (rainfalI, runoff, evaporation or evapotranpiration when the celI is covered with earth and vegetation). A celI was equipped for the monitoring of different tenus of the water budget, in a quite comprehensive manner. Time domain reflectometry probes were used for soil and waste moi sture measurement. Temperatures were also monitored in order to assess their influence on flows. This experimental approach produced new results about thermal behaviour of solid waste and values oftemperature gradients. The monitoring enabled to quantify the infiltration through the cover. In spite of some sensors ill operating, we obtained a fairly good qualitative representation of the water content variations at the botttom of the cell. A method for estimation of evaporation from solid waste exposed to atmosphere was proposed. Modelling of water and heat fluxes within solid waste was developped. The coupled model was able to simulate properly the water content variations of the cover, and the leachate height variations at the bottom. The interpretation of model results shows the influence of temperature, and the existence of a thermic « banier » limiting the updown water fluxes
Ghorbanbeigi, Hamid. "Modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des matériaux cimentaires soumis à la carbonatation ou à la lixiviation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10214/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to model the mechanical behavior of cement based materials, such as cement paste and concrete, which are subject to carbonation and leaching. These chemical reactions between the cementitious material and the surrounding aggressive environment lead to changes in the material microstructure and consequently on the mechanical behavior, and can have a significant impact on the durability of structures. To characterize the mechanical behavior of these chemically influenced materials, two different approaches are proposed in this thesis: the macroscopic and microscopic approach. In the first part, a macroscopic approach is used. The interest is to use a classical elastoplastic model to see the effect of carbonation and lixiviation on the elastic and plastic parameters. This model is then coupled with an interface model to describe the mechanical behavior and the failure process of cementitious materials, taking into account the localization of deformations on a shear band. In the second part, by taking advantage of micro-macro models, it is possible to explicitly link the microstructure evolution during the degradation to the mechanical behavior of the material. Two or three homogenization steps based on the modified secant method are needed to reach the macroscopic criterion. The predictive capabilities of micro-macro models proposed here have been demonstrated through a wide experimental validation
Hallab, Soufiane. "Utilisation des sous-modèles comme filtres utilisés pour la commande et l'optimisation d'un atelier de lixiviation de l'or." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27522/27522.pdf.
Full textMaisse, Éric. "Analyse et simulations numériques de phénomènes de diffusion-dissolution - précipitation en milieux poreux, appliquées au stockage de déchets." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10021.
Full textJégou, Christophe. "Mise en évidence expérimentale des mécanismes limitant l'altération du verre R7T7 en milieu aqueux. Critique et proposition d'évolution du formalisme cinétique." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20181.
Full textZhang, Yan. "Modélisation du comportement élastoplastique d'une pâte cimentaire soumise à la dégradation chimique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10005/document.
Full textThesis presents elastoplastic modelling of cement-based materials coupledwith chemical degradation and mechanical damage. The emphasis is put on cementpaste subjected to compressive stresses. A short literature review is first presented on the mineralogical composition, chemical degradation mechanisms, basic mechanical behaviour and chemical-mechanical coupling. Based on this analyses and a series of experimental data obtained from uncoupled and coupled tests, an elastoplastic constitutive model coupled with chemical damage is first formulated. Two plastic mechanisms are taken into account; respectivelyrelated to deviatoric shearing and pore collapse. The chemical damage is identified as relative variation of porosity. Elastic and plastic properties are affected by chemical damage. Numerical simulations are compared with experimental data and good agreements have been obtained. The evolution of the chemical damage has been described by the generalized diffusion equation which is based on the mass balance equation and a phenomenological chemistry model. We have used finite element method to solve the generalized diffusion equation. Coupled chemical-mechanical tests have been simulated by the proposed model and we have also obtained satisfactory concordance. An extension of the model is finally proposed by including mechanical damage due to microcracks in order to describe brittle responses of material under tensile stresses and low confining pressures. An example of application to structural analysis with chemical degradation is presented. It has been shown that the proposed model describes correctly the main features of the mechanical behaviours of cement-based materials at different stress conditions with chemical degradation
Ciccarone, Charles. "Utilisation d'ondes de surface à l'aide de scanners acoustiques sans contact pour le contrôle non destructif de structures en béton." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECLI0014.
Full textThis work proposes a method for the non-destructive testing of concrete for civil engineering structures.This method is based on the emission and reception - when the surface wave has passed through the material - ofacoustic sonic and ultrasonic waves. The waves used in this thesis are surface waves, as they have the property ofpenetrating the material to a depth equal to their wavelength. The auscultation of concrete is done using twoscanners: a first scanner applying this method with high frequency waves was used to characterize the concreteskin, while a second scanner using low frequency waves, developed within the framework of this work, made itpossible to characterize a concrete over the thickness of an entire wall. In order to determine the capabilities andlimitations of this method for the non-destructive testing of concrete, several pathologies or environmentalconditions of concrete were simulated in the laboratory on test specimens. These specimens were then examinednon-destructively with acoustic scanners and destructively with material tests. The pathologies or conditions inquestion were leaching, delamination, micro/macrocracking of the concrete, and its state of saturation. Comparisonof the results allowed us to conclude that this method and these scanners are able to detect and determine the depthof a leaching of concrete, as well as for a delamination within concrete, to follow the evolution of a saturation frontwithin a limestone but not yet within a concrete, and to detect and follow the stress and micro-cracking as well asthe evolution of macro-cracks, in particular thanks to automated measurements carried out in situ on the VeRCoRsstructure
Mustin, Christian. "Approche physico-chimique et modélisation de l'oxydation bactérienne de la pyrite par thiobacillus ferrooxidans : rôle déterminant de la phase minérale." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10400.
Full textRakotovololona, Lucia. "Quantification expérimentale et modélisation de la production, des flux d'eau et d'azote en systèmes de culture biologiques." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0024.
Full textNowadays, in a context of global changes, addressing the interlinked challenges of food security and environmental impacts is fundamental for the sustainability of agricultural systems. Therefore, the thesis aimed to assess agronomic and environmental performances of organic systems, by coupling the experimental monitoring of a 35 organic fields network in the Northern region of France with modeling the soil-crop continuum, to better understand the underlying processes in water and nitrogen dynamics within those systems, and to promote a more sustainable management.Water drainage and nitrate leaching were assessed by coupling soil, crop and climate data within LIXIM model. Then we analyzed N leaching pattern under diverse organic arable fields to explain its main driving factors. Leaving aside the strong soil type effect and the importance of climatic conditions on drainage, the combination of previous crops and autumn field management appeared to be a key determinant of nitrate leaching in the studied organic systems, as they both drive the amount of soil mineral nitrogen before draining period and explain the position of nitrate in the soil profile. We also showed the dichotomous role of legumes as preceding crop in organic cropping systems and the poor performance of the standard catch crops, sown in late summer in this context.Yield gap of cereals was investigated using a deterministic modeling approach as a diagnosis tool, to contribute in improving the productivity of organic agriculture. The soil-crop model STICS was used to estimate the potential yields of each studied winter wheat and winter triticale crop fields in their given soil and climate conditions. Our results reasserted how nitrogen stress could explain a major part of the yield gap occurring in organic crops and outweigh biotic limiting factors impacts, for cropping systems relying on few or no manures for nitrogen supply.Lastly, we aimed to address the challenge of nitrogen supply in organic arable systems for a better nitrogen use efficiency and improved crop yields. We used the model STICS to simulate the impact of alternative nitrogen management practices by carrying out a numerical experiment in a participatory approach involving farmers, technical advisors and researchers. The findings emphasized the importance of crop succession design and management practices, particularly the implementation of catch crops and the timing of the destruction of perennial legume crops. Optimizing the farmer’s actual practices could then be possible, reducing the potential emissions of nitrogen via leaching or gaseous losses, without decreasing the nitrogen supply for the following crop.Organic arable cropping systems, within the studied soil, technics and climate contexts, can achieve agronomic performances combined with low environmental impacts, with well-managed nitrogen practices